Nuclear Energy Research, Development and Demonstration
Active
- Assistance listing
- 81.121
- Agency
-
Department of Energy
- Grant awards
- 1,769 $6,432,839,486 in federal obligations
Program facts
- Also known as
- (NE RD&D)
- Assistance types
-
- Cooperative Agreement
- Project Grant
- Block Grant
- Treasury account
-
- 89-0319-0-0-000
- More information
Program details come from SAM.gov Assistance Listings. Updated . Grant award figures come from USAspending.gov.
About this program
The Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy is funding research, development, and demonstration of advanced nuclear energy technologies and university-led nuclear science infrastructure under CFDA 81.121, with the most recent grant award issued on August 10, 2026.
The program funds university-based and industry nuclear energy research aligned with four core missions: keeping existing U.S. nuclear reactors operating, deploying new nuclear reactors, securing and sustaining the nuclear fuel cycle, and expanding international nuclear energy cooperation. Recent awards span consolidated innovative nuclear research (CINR) at universities including Georgia Institute of Technology ($898,100), Pennsylvania State University ($600,000 and $6.47 million), and University of Tennessee at Knoxville ($1 million and $2.65 million); university nuclear research infrastructure revitalization; distinguished early career faculty support; nuclear fuel cycle and HALEU (high-assay low-enriched uranium) transportation packaging development; reactor sharing and outreach programs; and workforce development for nuclear technicians and operators. Awards typically run two to four years.
The program has generated $6.43 billion in combined federal obligations across 1,769 awards since 2002. Award activity has remained steady, averaging 80–96 awards annually over the past five years through 2024, with 76 awards issued in 2026 year-to-date. The Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy dominates the program, funding 1,051 awards ($5.02 billion federal dollars obligated), with a smaller share from the broader Department of Energy entity (704 awards, $1.38 billion). Cooperative Agreements represent 60 percent of the award portfolio; Project Grants account for 39 percent, with Block Grants comprising the remainder. Recipients report $17.83 billion total obligated (federal plus non-federal cost-share), indicating substantial matching contributions.
Recent opportunities remain active across multiple competitive solicitations. DE-FOA-0003577 (Silicon Carbide Cladding Lead Test Rod Development) closes December 7, 2026 as a Cooperative Agreement. DE-FOA-0003539 (FY 2026 Phase II Continuation CINR) and DE-FOA-0003538 (FY 2026 Consolidated Innovative Nuclear Research) target universities and for-profit entities with project funding ranging from $600,000 to $1 million; the latter closed June 9, 2026 but the former closed May 20, 2026. DE-FOA-0003541 (Scientific Infrastructure Support for CINR) closed April 9, 2026. DE-FOA-0003339 (Advanced Nuclear Energy Licensing Cost-Share Grant Program) remains open through November 30, 2026 for applicants seeking NRC licensing fee support.
Objective and description
- Objective
The Department of Energy (DOE) promotes nuclear energy as a resource capable of meeting the nation's energy, environmental, and national security needs by resolving technical, cost, safety, security, and proliferation resistance through research, dev
- Description
Office of Nuclear Energy Assistance Listing is aimed at educating the public on the funding opportunities offered by the DOE related to nuclear energy R & D, science, technology, and related fields, and how these funding opportunities play a key role in helping the DOE accomplish its mission of leading the nation's investment in the development and exploration of advanced nuclear technology and its underlying sciences, as well as stimulating the next generation nuclear energy workforce.
Eligibility
- Applicant eligibility
Federal, State, local governments, universities, consortia, nonprofit institutions, commercial corporations, and individuals may apply.
- Beneficiary eligibility
Any individual, partnership, corporation, association, joint venture, institution of higher education, or nonprofit organization will benefit.
- Credentials and documentation
Costs will be determined in accordance with 2 CFR 200, and as amended by 910.
- Uses of assistance
Financial assistance, opportunities are defined in individual solicitations available on the DOE website, NEUP.gov, or Grants.gov. Notices published on Grants.gov define research, development, and demonstration areas that the Department intends to support such as: advanced reactors, fuel and reactor concepts that minimize proliferation risks, nuclear fuel and fuel cycles, advanced instrumentation, controls, simulation, modeling and analyses, nuclear waste management, construction, manufacturing and fabrication technologies, and related fundamental nuclear science areas in materials, reactor physics, chemistry, radiochemistry, health physics, and thermal hydraulics and fluid dynamics. Notices published on Grants.gov define development or demonstration projects and study areas activities that the Department intends to support such as: advanced designs, technologies or techniques, new regulatory or licensing requirements, and economic analyses. For a given solicitation, financial assistance may be available in whole or in part, for the following in support of nuclear energy research and related fields in development and demonstration activities: salaries, materials and supplies, equipment, travel, publication costs, subcontractor and supporting costs required for technical activities, market analyses, financing plans and other activities necessary to achieve the objective. Restrictions on use of funds depend on solicitation and award provisions.
- Length and time phasing of assistance
The period of performance and schedule of DOE payments is arranged at the time of award. Funds awarded are to be spent during the period of performance of each award, unless a different arrangement is approved at the time of award. Typically, awards range in duration from 1 to 5 years, with some eligible for a one time no cost extension for up to one additional year. Reference each FOA for applicable length and time. Also see NEUP.gov or Grants.gov for information on specific FOAs.
How to apply
- Preapplication coordination
.
- Application procedure
DOE solicitations (FOAs) set forth award procedures. Refer to the individual FOAs published on Grants.gov and NEUP.gov. For additional information, see the DOE, Office of Nuclear Energy website at http://energy.gov/ne/office-nuclear-energy. Applications are submitted through Grants.gov or NEUP.gov as directed in the individual FOA.
- Criteria for selecting proposals
Each proposal will be evaluated based on an objective merit review in accordance with the requirement of "DOE Financial Assistance Regulations" (2 CFR 200) and the evaluation criteria set forth in the competitive solicitations. These criteria typically include: appropriateness of the proposal method or approach, competency of research personnel and adequacy of proposed resources, reasonableness and appropriateness of the proposed budget, and other appropriate factors.
- Award procedure
DOE solicitations set forth award procedures. Applications will receive an objective merit review. The objective merit review will be based on evaluation criteria set forth in the competitive solicitation. Evaluations will be coordinated by a Merit Review Chair and conducted by a review board. This responsibility will be performed by the Office of Nuclear Energy or delegated to a DOE Operations Office. Final decisions will be made by the approved Program Officer or delegated Source Selection Official. For additional information, please refer to www.ne.doe.gov or NEUP.gov.
- Time to approval or disapproval
Deadlines for submissions will be posted in the individual funding opportunities posted at http://www.grants.gov and NEUP.gov. Per funding opportunity posted, a range of approval/disapproval time will be described.
- Renewals
Proposals for renewal are subject to review and acceptance by the Program Director and/or Selection Official.
Grant opportunities
Show 40 more
Latest 50 listed here. See the rest on GovTribe.
Grant awards
Latest 10 of 1,769 listed here. See the rest on GovTribe.
Top recipients by federal obligations
| Rank | Recipient | Federal obligations | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | US SFR Owner LLC | $1,696,938,112 | 26% |
| 2 | X Energy, LLC | $970,509,283 | 15% |
| 3 | Nuscale Power LLC | $585,857,235 | 9% |
| 4 | Westinghouse Electric Company LLC | $512,531,701 | 8% |
| 5 | Cfpp LLC | $164,741,344 | 3% |
| 6 | Framatome Inc. | $154,186,221 | 2% |
| 7 | GE Vernova Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas LLC | $148,862,921 | 2% |
| 8 | Centrus Energy Corp. | $147,951,760 | 2% |
| 9 | Bwxt Mpower, Inc. | $111,341,840 | 2% |
9 of 276 recipients listed here. See the rest on GovTribe.
Federal obligations by fiscal year
| Fiscal year | Federal obligations |
|---|---|
| FY2026 | $773,221,361 |
| FY2025 | $1,080,264,933 |
| FY2024 | $426,093,271 |
| FY2023 | $888,562,474 |
| FY2022 | $376,892,779 |
| FY2021 | $475,851,466 |
| FY2020 | $212,757,807 |
| FY2019 | $156,505,651 |
| FY2018 | $167,853,384 |
| FY2017 | $158,806,998 |
| FY2016 | $136,079,606 |
| FY2015 | $131,607,510 |
| FY2014 | $225,759,268 |
| FY2013 | $206,642,620 |
| FY2012 | $34,066,161 |
| FY2011 | $11,002,393 |
| FY2010 | $203,681,260 |
| FY2009 | $296,443,710 |
| FY2008 | $147,745,547 |
| FY2007 | $131,418,961 |
| FY2006 | $90,554,156 |
| FY2005 | $76,414,634 |
| FY2004 | $7,583,631 |
| FY2003 | $12,142,218 |
| FY2002 | $4,617,101 |
Show all 25
Quick answers
What is Assistance Listing 81.121?
Assistance Listing 81.121 is Nuclear Energy Research, Development and Demonstration, a federal grant program run by Department of Energy.
What is the CFDA number for Nuclear Energy Research, Development and Demonstration?
Its CFDA number is 81.121: Assistance Listing numbers were called CFDA numbers before 2018.
How much funding has Assistance Listing 81.121 awarded?
1,769 grant awards under 81.121 have obligated $6,432,839,486 in federal funds to 276 recipients.
Who receives the most funding from 81.121?
The recipients obligated the most under Nuclear Energy Research, Development and Demonstration are US SFR Owner LLC ($1,696,938,112), X Energy, LLC ($970,509,283) and Nuscale Power LLC ($585,857,235).
How much did 81.121 obligate in fiscal year 2025?
Grants under 81.121 obligated $1,080,264,933 in federal funds in fiscal year 2025.
Are there open grant opportunities under 81.121?
3 of the latest 50 opportunities under 81.121 are open or forecasted. The latest, Silicon Carbide Cladding Lead Test Rod Development-Phase 1, was posted on October 5, 2026.
On GovTribe
See this program's full record
- Every grant award and opportunity under it
- Funding by recipient, agency and assistance type
- Alerts for new opportunities
- Ask GovTribe AI about this program