25R0003 - Amendment-0003 Tech Specs.pdf

Mill Creek Diversion Dam Fish Ladder W912EF25R0003

MCL475720DDFL

PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS

DI VI SI ON 01 - GENERAL REQUI REMENTS

01 00 00.00 28 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

01 11 01.00 28 SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

01 14 00.10 28 PROJECT SITE RESTRICTIONS

01 14 00.30 28 SURFACE FINISH REQUIREMENTS - BIOLOGICAL

01 14 00.90 28 INTEGRATING ANTITERRORISM (AT) AND OPERATIONS SECURITY

(OPSEC)

01 22 00.00 28 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

01 32 01.00 28 PROJECT SCHEDULE

01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES

01 35 29.10 28 GOVERNMENTAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

01 42 00 SOURCES FOR REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS

01 45 01.00 28 RESIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CONTRACTOR MODE (RMS CM)

01 45 04.00 28 CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL

01 51 00.00 28 TEMPORARY UTILITIES

01 54 19.10 28 MOBILE CRANE REQUIREMENTS

01 55 10.00 28 CONTRACTOR WORK, ACCESS AND STORAGE AREAS

01 57 20.00 28 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

01 71 23.01 28 CONTRACTOR SURVEYS AND REMOTE SENSING DATA COLLECTION

01 78 00.00 28 CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS

01 78 23.00 28 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE DATA

01 91 00.00 28 SYSTEMS TESTING AND COMMISSIONING

DI VI SI ON 02 - EXI STI NG CONDI TI ONS

02 24 10.30 28 TRAPPED FISH CAPTURE AND RELEASE

02 24 20.00 28 WATER QUALITY MONITORING

02 32 13.00 28 SUBSURFACE DRILLING AND SAMPLING

02 41 00.00 28 DEMOLITION

DI VI SI ON 03 - CONCRETE

03 30 00.00 28 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE

03 60 00.00 28 CONCRETE CORING, DRILLING, AND CUTTING

DI VI SI ON 05 - METALS

05 05 20.00 28 POST-INSTALLED CONCRETE ANCHORS

05 05 23.00 28 STRUCTURAL STEEL, METALWORK FABRICATION, AND WELDING

DI VI SI ON 06 - WOOD, PLASTI CS, AND COMPOSI TES

06 82 14.00 28 FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP) WALKWAYS

DI VI SI ON 14 - CONVEYI NG EQUI PMENT

14 84 23.20 28 GATE HOISTING EQUIPMENT

DI VI SI ON 25 - I NTEGRATED AUTOMATI ON

25 05 11.00 28 CYBERSECURITY

25 31 00.01 28 ELECTRICAL CONTROL AND RELAY PANEL

DI VI SI ON 26 - ELECTRI CAL

26 05 00.00 28 GENERAL ELECTRICAL WORK

PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Amendment - 0003 g4ecctgh Line Amendment-0003 - Section 05 05 23.00 28

26 05 19.00 28 INSULATED WIRE AND CABLE

26 05 26.11 28 GROUNDING

26 05 33.11 28 RACEWAYS AND BOXES FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

26 05 71.11 28 LOW VOLTAGE OVERCURRENT PROTECTIVE DEVICES

26 20 00.00 28 INTERIOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

26 24 16.11 28 PANELBOARDS

26 56 00.00 28 EXTERIOR LIGHTING

DI VI SI ON 28 - ELECTRONI C SAFETY AND SECURI TY

28 05 26.11 28 GROUNDING AND BONDING FOR ELECTRONIC SAFETY AND SECURITY

DI VI SI ON 31 - EARTHWORK

31 00 00.00 28 EARTHWORK

31 11 00.00 28 CLEARING AND GRUBBING

31 23 19.11 28 DIVERSION AND CARE OF WATER

DI VI SI ON 32 - EXTERI OR I MPROVEMENTS

32 12 16.11 28 ASPHALT PAVING

32 17 23.00 28 PAVEMENT MARKINGS

32 31 13.00 28 CHAIN LINK FENCES AND GATES

32 84 23.00 28 UNDERGROUND SPRINKLERS

32 92 23.00 28 SODDING

32 93 00.00 28 EXTERIOR PLANTS

DI VI SI ON 33 - UTI LI TI ES

33 51 43.00 28 INSTRUMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF STRUCTURES

33 71 02.00 28 UNDERGROUND ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

DI VI SI ON 35 - WATERWAY AND MARI NE CONSTRUCTI ON

35 20 16.00 28 SLIDE GATES AND ACTUATORS

35 20 20.00 28 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR GATE HOIST

DI VI SI ON 40 - PROCESS I NTERCONNECTI ONS

40 92 13.10 28 MOTORIZED GATE AND VALVE ACTUATORS

40 94 43.01 28 PROCESS CONTROLLERS - PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS (PLC)

-- End of Project Table of Contents --

PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 2 Amendment - 0003 g4ecctgh

Amendment-0003 - Section 33 51 43.00 28

SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 05 - METALS

SECTION 05 05 23.00 28

STRUCTURAL STEEL, METALWORK FABRICATION, AND WELDING

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 STRUCTURAL STEEL AND METALWORK FABRICATION

1.2 REFERENCES

1.3 SUBMITTALS

1.4 SHOP DRAWINGS

1.5 QUALIFICATION OF WELDERS AND WELDING OPERATORS

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 STEEL

2.1.1 Channels and Angles

2.1.2 W-Shapes

2.1.3 Steel Plates and Bars

2.1.4 Pipe

2.1.5 Bolts, Nuts, and Washers

2.1.6 Cast-in Anchor Rods

2.2 STAINLESS STEEL

2.2.1 Plates and Shapes

2.2.2 Threaded Rods, Nuts and Washers

2.3 GUARD RAILS

2.4 METAL GRATING

2.5 METAL STAIR TREADS

2.6 FALL PROTECTION ANCHORAGE

2.7 NON-METALS

2.7.1 UHMW

2.8 JIB CRANE

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 WELDING

3.1.1 General

3.1.2 Filler Metal

3.1.3 Workmanship Requirements

3.1.3.1 Welding Procedures

3.1.3.2 Preheat and Interpass Temperature

3.1.3.3 Stress-Relief Heat Treatment

3.1.3.4 Temporary Welds

3.1.3.5 Tack Welds

3.1.4 Inspection of Welding

3.1.4.1 Visual Examination

3.1.4.2 Nondestructive Examination

3.1.4.3 Supplemental Examination

3.1.5 Structural Steel Welding Repairs

3.2 HOT DIP GALVANIZING

3.3 REPAIR OF ZINC-COATED SURFACES

3.4 BOLTED CONNECTIONS

3.4.1 Bolts, Nuts, and Washers

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Amendment-0003 - SECTION 05 05 23.00 28 - Paragraph 2.1.4

3.4.2 Bolt Holes

3.5 GUARDRAIL INSTALLATION

3.6 DISTORTION CONTROL PLAN

3.7 FABRICATION TOLERANCES

3.7.1 Drawing Tolerances

3.7.2 Geometric Tolerancing

-- End of Section Table of Contents --

SECTION 05 05 23.00 28 Page 2 Amendment-0003

SECTION 05 05 23.00 28

STRUCTURAL STEEL, METALWORK FABRICATION, AND WELDING

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 STRUCTURAL STEEL AND METALWORK FABRICATION

This specification covers all structural steel, metalwork fabrication, and UHMW related to fabrication and construction of the new Mill Creek Diversion Dam Fish Ladder, to include: metal grating, stairs, guardrails, and viewing windows.

1.2 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS (ASME)

ASME B18.31.3 (2014) Threaded Rods (Inch Series)

ASME Y14.5 (2009) Dimensioning and Tolerancing

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM A123/A123M (2017) Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products

ASTM A240/A240M (2024) Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications

ASTM A276/A276M (2017) Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes

ASTM A36/A36M (2019) Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel

ASTM A53/A53M (2022) Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless

ASTM A480/A480M (2024) Standard Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip

ASTM A500/A500M (2023) Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes

SECTION 05 05 23.00 28 Page 3 Amendment-0003 g4ecctgh

Amendment-0003 - SECTION 05 05 23.00 28 - Article 1.2 REFERENCES

ASTM A563 (2024) Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts

ASTM A572/A572M (2021; E 2021) Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel

ASTM A780/A780M (2020) Standard Practice for Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip Galvanized Coatings

ASTM A992/A992M (2022) Standard Specification for Structural Steel Shapes

ASTM A1011/A1011M (2023) Standard Specification for Steel Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, and Ultra-High Strength

ASTM E165 (2023) Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination

ASTM E709 (2021) Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination

ASTM F593 (2022) Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs

ASTM F594 (2022) Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Nuts

ASTM F1554 (2020) Standard Specification for Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55, and 105-ksi Yield Strength

ASTM F2329 (2015; Reapproved 2023) Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts, Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners

ASTM F3125/F3125M (2023) Standard Specification for High Strength Structural Bolts, Steel and Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 120 ksi (830 MPa) and 150 ksi (1040 MPa) Minimum Tensile Strength, Inch and Metric Dimensions

ASTM F436 (2019) Hardened Steel Washers

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)

ANSI/ASSP Z359.1 (2024) The Fall Protection Code

AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE (ACI)

ACI 318 (2014; Errata 1-2 2014; Errata 3-5 2015;

Errata 6 2016; Errata 7-9 2017) Building

SECTION 05 05 23.00 28 Page 4 Amendment-0003

Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14)

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION (AISC)

AISC 303 (2016) Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges

AISC 325 (2017) Steel Construction Manual

AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY (AWS)

AWS A2.4 (2020) Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing and Nondestructive Examination

AWS D1.1/D1.1M (2020) Structural Welding Code - Steel

AWS D1.6/D1.6M (2017) Structural Welding Code — Stainless Steel

AWS QC1 (2016) Specification for AWS Certification of Welding Inspectors

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (USACE)

EM 385-1-1 Safety and Occupational Health Requirements

The Contractor is responsible for complying with the current edition and all changes posted on the web as of the effective date of this solicitation.

U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (NARA)

29 CFR 1910-SUBPART D Walking - Working Surfaces

1.3 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals having an "I" designation are for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" or "I" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government. The following shall be submitted in accordance with SECTION 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals

Shop Drawings ; G, ST

Qualification of Welders and Welding Operators ; G, ST

Certified Welding Inspector's Qualifications ; G, ST

Welding Procedures ; G, ST

Distortion Control ; G, ST

Qualified Person's Resume ; G, ST

SD-03 Product Data

SECTION 05 05 23.00 28 Page 5 Amendment - 0003

UHMW; G, ST

Jib Crane ; G, ST

SD-05 Design Data

Fall Protection Anchorage ; G, ST

SD-06 Test Reports

Nondestructive Examination ; G, ST

1.4 SHOP DRAWINGS

Contractor shall submit shop and erection drawings for fabrication and erection of all steel and UHMW structures and components shown on the contract drawings and described below. For design and detailing of welded connections not specifically shown, conform to the requirements of AWS D1.1/D1.1M and AISC 325 . Use AWS A2.4 standard welding symbols. Shop and erection drawings must be submitted at least 60 days before fabrication and must be approved before fabrication begins, unless directed otherwise by the Contracting Officer's Representative.

1.5 QUALIFICATION OF WELDERS AND WELDING OPERATORS

Welding operators, welders, and tack welders shall be qualified for the particular type of work to be done. Qualification shall be in accordance with AWS D1.1/D1.1M and/or AWS D1.6/D1.6M , as applicable. Welders and welding operators shall pass the qualification tests prescribed by AWS D1.1/D1.1M and/or AWS D1.6/D1.6M , as applicable, within 12 months prior to performing work on this contract. The welder or welding operator shall be required to repeat the qualifying tests when, in the opinion of the Contracting Officer's Representative, their work indicates a reasonable doubt as to their proficiency. All certifications must be stamped and signed by the Contractor's certified welding inspector.

Certification shall be submitted for those passing the test and upon approval, they shall be considered qualified. Those not passing shall be disqualified until passing. All expenses in connection with qualification or re-qualification shall be borne by the Contractor.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 STEEL

2.1.1 Channels and Angles

Channels and angles shall conform to ASTM A36/A36M. Channels and Angles shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM A123/A123M , unless otherwise specified on the contract drawings.

2.1.2 W-Shapes

W-Shapes shall conform to ASTM A992/A992M . W-Shapes shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM A123/A123M , unless otherwise specified on the contract drawings.

2.1.3 Steel Plates and Bars

Steel plates and bars must conform to ASTM A36/A36M or ASTM A572/A572M , SECTION 05 05 23.00 28 Page 6

Grade 50. Steel Plates and Bars shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM A123/A123M , unless otherwise specified on the contract drawings.

2.1.4 Pipe

Pipe shall conform to ASTM A53/A53M, Grade B . Alternatively, round HSS in accordance with ASTM A500/A500M , Grade B or C, may be used . The contract drawings specify the nominal pipe size (NPS) and wall thickness schedule number (SCH) per ASTM A53/A53M. When round HSS is used, sections of equivalent outside diameter and equivalent or greater wall thickness must be provided. Pipe and round HSS, shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM A123/A123M , unless otherwise specified on the contract drawings.

2.1.5 Bolts, Nuts, and Washers

Bolts must be ASTM F3125/F3125M , Grade A325. Nuts must be ASTM A563, Heavy Hex Grade DH. Washers must conform to ASTM F436, plain carbon steel. Bolts, Nuts, and Washers must be galvanized in accordance with ASTM F2329, unless otherwise specified on the contract drawings.

2.1.6 Cast-in Anchor Rods

Cast-in anchor rods shall conform to ASTM F1554, Grade 55. Nuts shall be Heavy Hex conforming to ASTM A563, Grade A. Washers shall conform to ASTM F436, plain carbon steel. Anchor rod top threads cannot extend into the concrete.

Use galvanized anchor rods, nuts, and washers in accordance with ASTM F2329.

2.2 STAINLESS STEEL

2.2.1 Plates and Shapes

Plates shall conform to ASTM A480/A480M , Type 304L, unless otherwise specified on the contract drawings.

Shapes shall conform to ASTM A276/A276M , Type 304L, unless otherwise specified on the contract drawings.

Studs shall conform to ASTM A276/A276M , Type 316L, unless otherwise specified on the contract drawings.

2.2.2 Threaded Rods, Nuts and Washers

Provide the following unless indicated otherwise. Threaded rods shall, as applicable, conform to the dimensional standards of ASME B18.31.3 and properties of ASTM F593 S30403 Condition CW. Nuts shall conform to ASTM F594S30403 Condition CW. Washers shall be fabricated to the dimension required in ASTM F436 and from material complying with ASTM A240/A240M S30400.

2.3 GUARD RAILS

Guard rails must be located as indicated on the contract plans. The post locations shown on the contract plans are conceptual only. The contractor must determine post locations in accordance with the spacing and edge distance criteria in the contract plans. Railing sections must be discontinuous over concrete expansion joints. The post locations, coordinated with field verification, shall be shown on the Contractor

SECTION 05 05 23.00 28 Page 7 Amendment - 0003 g4ecctgh

Amendment-0003 - SECTION 05 05 23.00 28 - Paragraph 2.1.4 Pipe generated shop drawings. The shop drawings shall include final locations of posts, rails, anchors, material sizes and finishes, and any other items required for the guard rails.

Guardrails shall comply with the design drawings, EM 385-1-1 , and 29 CFR 1910-SUBPART D . If any discrepancies exist between the three requirements, the most stringent shall govern.

All guardrails and components shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM A123/A123M after fabrication, unless otherwise specified on the contract drawings. The toe board must be restrained during galvanizing to prevent warping. All drain holes required for galvanizing must be plugged with zinc plugs and filed flush. Open ends of the pipe railing shall be closed using gray plastic plugs made for that purpose after galvanizing.

2.4 METAL GRATING

Metal grating for the upper access walkway and stair landings shall be 1 1/4 inch deep serrated welded steel bar grating with 3/16 thick bearing bars spaced at 1 3/16 inch on center. Cross bars shall be spaced at 4 inches on center. All ends of grating panels shall be banded.

Metal grating for the top of the camera slot shall be 1 inch deep serrated welded steel bar grating with 3/16 thick bearing bars spaced at 1 3/16 inch on center. Cross bars shall be spaced at 4 inches on center. All ends and penetrations of grating panel shall be banded.

Grating shall be fabricated from steel conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M and hot-dip galvanized by the manufacturer for added corrosion protection.

Fasten grating to structural members with bolts and clips in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. Grating must not be welded down. A minimum of four fasteners must be used per panel (one in each corner).

Fasteners that clamp the grating down by gripping the underside of steel members, such as G-Clips, C-Clips, and J-Bolts, are not acceptable. Saddle clips and bolts or welded studs are acceptable.

2.5 METAL STAIR TREADS

Metal stair treads shall be 1 inch deep serrated welded steel bar grating with 3/16 inch bearing bars spaced at 15/16 inch on center. Cross bars shall be spaced at 4 inches on center. Stair treads shall include welded end carrier plates and cast abrasive nosings.

Stair treads shall be fabricated from steel conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M and hot-dip galvanized by the manufacturer for added corrosion protection.

Fasten stair treads to the stair stringers in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

2.6 FALL PROTECTION ANCHORAGE

Provide a certified anchorage for fall arrest that conforms with EM 385-1-1 .

The anchorage must also comply with the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.502, 29 CFR 1910.140, and ANSI/ASSP Z359.1 . Where these requirements contradict, EM 385-1-1 controls. The anchorage shall have adequate strength to support a maximum arresting force of 1,800 lbs with a minimum safety factor of 2.0. The anchor point must be located 60 inches (+/- 1 inch) from the top of concrete. The anchorage must be suited for

SECTION 05 05 23.00 28 Page 8 connecting a snaphook from a 6 foot shock absorbing lanyard. The anchorage must be fabricated from mild or carbon steel and be hot-dip-galvanized. Steel calculations must be performed in accordance with AISC 325 . Concrete anchors must be designed in accordance with ACI 318 .

The anchorage must be designed by a qualified person for fall protection (qualified person) who meets the requirements listed in EM 385-1-1 . In addition, the qualified person must be a registered mechanical or structural professional engineer. The qualified person must have at least 5 years of experience in the design of fall protection anchorages. Submit the qualified person's resume with references for Government approval demonstrating their experience. Submit shop drawings, product data sheets, and design calculations of the fall protection anchorage for Government approval at least 60 days prior to fabrication.

2.7 NON-METALS

2.7.1 UHMW

UHMW components shall be fabricated from Ultraviolet Light (UV) Stabilized Black, virgin or Reprocessed, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMW-PE) meeting the requirements in the following table. Contractor shall submit manufacturer data sheets for Government approval at least 60 days before fabrication. Government approval of the data sheets is required prior to fabrication beginning.

PHYSICAL TEST TEST VALUE TEST METHOD SPECIFICATION

Density 0.93 g/cm^3 (min) ASTM D412

Tensile Break 5,000 psi (min) ASTM D638

Elongation @ Break 300%

Flexural Modulus 100,000 psi (min) ASTM D790

Abrasion Internal Steel=100

IZOD Impact Notched Double Notched

No Break 24 ft*lb/in

ASTM D256

Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

0.5x10^-5 in/in/F ASTM D696

2.8 JIB CRANE

The Contractor must procure and install a commercially available jib crane with the following salient characteristics. Submit manufacturer data sheets and installation instructions for Government approval.

a. Rated for 500 lbs at 12 inches and 250 lbs at 36 inches.

b. Boom rotates 360 degrees. The mast must lock in position during material handling.

c. Mast includes bearing and handle for rotation.

d. Spur gear hand winch with brake mounted to the mast. Winch must be zinc plated. The user force to lift 1,000 lbs must not exceed 45 lbs.

e. 45 ft of 304 stainless steel wire rope.

f. Pedestal base anchored to the concrete in accordance with the manufacturer's requirements. Mast must be removable from the pedestal.

g. Rigging hardware must be provided on the end of the wire rope for

SECTION 05 05 23.00 28 Page 9 attaching to the camera shuttle shown on the contract plans.

h. Jib crane must be galvanized.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 WELDING

3.1.1 General

Welding shall be by an electric arc welding process using a method which excludes the atmosphere from the molten metal. Welding shall conform to AWS D1.1/D1.1M for structural steel and AWS D1.6/D1.6M for stainless steel.

3.1.2 Filler Metal

The electrode, electrode-flux combination and grade of weld metal shall conform to the appropriate AWS specification for the base metal or metals and welding process being used. Only low hydrogen electrodes shall be used for shielded metal-arc welding. The AWS designation of the electrodes to be used shall be included in the schedule of welding procedure to be furnished. The filler metal shall meet the requirements of AWS D1.1/D1.1M and/or AWS D1.6/D1.6M . To maintain low moisture of low-hydrogen electrodes, a controlled temperature storage oven shall be used at the welding work area as prescribed by AWS D1.1/D1.1M and/or

AWS D1.6/D1.6M .

3.1.3 Workmanship Requirements

3.1.3.1 Welding Procedures

Approved welding procedures shall consist of detailed procedure specifications for each required joint to be welded with tables or diagrams showing the procedure to be used. The weld procedures shall be submitted in accordance with AWS D1.1/D1.1M and/or AWS D1.6/D1.6M at least 60 days prior to fabrication. All weld procedures must be stamped and signed by the Contractor's certified welding inspector. The weld procedures must be approved by the Government prior to performing the respective welding. Properly documented evidence of compliance with all requirements of these specifications for previous welding joint qualifications tests will establish the joint welding procedure as pre-qualified and a qualification test will not be required. Each procedure shall be clearly identified as being either pre-qualified or qualified by tests.

3.1.3.2 Preheat and Interpass Temperature

Preheating shall be performed as required by AWS D1.1/D1.1M and/or AWS D1.6/D1.6M . The weldment to be preheated shall be slowly and uniformly heated by approved means to the prescribed temperature, held at that temperature until the welding is completed and then permitted to cool slowly in still air. The use of rose buds is not permitted for preheating.

3.1.3.3 Stress-Relief Heat Treatment

If stress-relief heat treatment is needed it shall be done in accordance with the requirements of AWS D1.1/D1.1M and/or AWS D1.6/D1.6M .

SECTION 05 05 23.00 28 Page 10

3.1.3.4 Temporary Welds

Temporary welds shall be made under the controlled conditions prescribed herein for permanent work. Welders qualified for permanent work as specified elsewhere in these specifications shall make all temporary welds. In making temporary welds, arcs shall not be struck in other than weld locations. Each temporary weld shall be removed after serving its purpose and ground flush with adjacent surfaces.

3.1.3.5 Tack Welds

Tack welds that are to be incorporated into the permanent work shall be subject to the same quality requirements as the permanent welds. Such tack welds shall be cleaned and fused thoroughly with the permanent welds. Multiple-pass tack welds shall have cascaded ends. Defective tack welds shall be removed before permanent welding.

3.1.4 Inspection of Welding

The Contractor shall maintain an approved inspection system and perform required inspections in accordance with SECTION 01 45 04.00 28 CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL. Welding shall be subject to inspection to determine conformance with the requirements of AWS D1.1/D1.1M and/or AWS D1.6/D1.6M , the approved welding procedures, and provisions stated in other sections of these specifications. The Contractor's weld inspector shall hold a current certification as a certified welding inspector (CWI) in accordance with AWS QC1. Copies of the certified welding inspector's qualifications shall be submitted at least 60 days prior to fabrication. The CWI's qualifications must be approved by the Government prior to performing any weld inspections under this contract. Nondestructive examination of all welds will be required.

3.1.4.1 Visual Examination

All completed welds shall be cleaned and carefully examined for insufficient throat or leg sizes, cracks, undercutting, overlap, excessive convexity or reinforcement and other surface defects to ensure compliance with the requirements of AWS D1.1/D1.1M and/or AWS D1.6/D1.6M .

3.1.4.2 Nondestructive Examination

The nondestructive examination of field welds shall be performed as designated or described in the sections of these specifications covering the particular items of work.

a. Testing Agency - The nondestructive examination of welds and the evaluation of examination tests as to the acceptability of the welds must be performed by a testing agency adequately equipped and competent to perform such services, or by the Contractor using suitable equipment and qualified personnel. In either case, written approval of the examination procedures is required. The evaluation of examination tests are subject to Government approval and all records become the property of the Government.

b. Examination Procedures - Examination procedures shall conform to the following requirements.

(1) Ultrasonic Testing - Making, evaluating and reporting ultrasonic testing of welds shall conform to the requirements of

SECTION 05 05 23.00 28 Page 11

AWS D1.1/D1.1M and/or AWS D1.6/D1.6M . The Certified inspector shall make a permanent record of the test indications.

(2) Magnetic Particle Inspection - Magnetic particle inspection of welds shall conform to the applicable provisions of ASTM E709.

(3) Dye Penetrant Inspection - Dye penetrant inspection of welds shall conform to the applicable provisions of ASTM E165.

c. Acceptability of Welds - Welds shall be unacceptable if shown to have defects prohibited by AWS D1.1/D1.1M and/or AWS D1.6/D1.6M , or possess any degree of incomplete fusion, inadequate penetration or undercutting.

d. Welds to be Subject to Nondestructive Examination

(1) One hundred (100) percent of completed welds shall be cleaned and visually inspected to ensure compliance with the requirements of AWS D1.1/D1.1M and/or AWS D1.6/D1.6M .

(2) One hundred (100) percent of complete joint penetration welds, excluding welds on railing, shall be inspected using Ultrasonic Testing. The acceptance-rejection criteria of AWS D1.1/D1.1M and/or AWS D1.6/D1.6M for statically loaded nontubular connections shall apply.

3.1.4.3 Supplemental Examination

When the soundness of any weld is suspected of being deficient due to faulty welding, the Government reserves the right to perform nondestructive supplemental examinations before final acceptance. The cost of such inspection will be borne by the Government.

3.1.5 Structural Steel Welding Repairs

Defective welds shall be repaired in accordance with AWS D1.1/D1.1M and/or AWS D1.6/D1.6M . Defective weld metal shall be removed to sound metal by use of machining, grinding, chipping, or gouging. The surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned before welding. Welds that have been repaired shall be retested by the same methods used in the original inspection. All costs of repairs and retesting shall be borne by the Contractor.

3.2 HOT DIP GALVANIZING

All mild steel shall be hot dip galvanized in accordance with ASTM A123/A123M , unless specified otherwise in the contract drawings. In areas that may require field welding, the galvanizing shall be removed by grinding to prevent zinc from being entrained in the weld. Touch up repair of galvanizing shall be done in accordance with ASTM A780/A780M by the "hot stick" method.

3.3 REPAIR OF ZINC-COATED SURFACES

Repair damaged surfaces with galvanizing repair method and paint conforming to ASTM A780/A780M or by application of stick or thick paste material specifically designed for repair of galvanizing, as approved by the Contracting Officer's Representative. Clean areas to be repaired and remove slag from welds. Heat surfaces to which stick or paste material is applied, with a torch to a temperature sufficient to melt the metallics in

SECTION 05 05 23.00 28 Page 12 stick or paste; spread molten material uniformly over surfaces to be coated and wipe off excess material.

3.4 BOLTED CONNECTIONS

All connections shall be tightened to the snug-tight condition. The snug-tight condition is defined as the tightness attained by either a few impacts of an impact wrench or the full effort of a worker with an ordinary spud wrench that brings the plies into firm contact. Perform snugging in a systematic manner starting at the most rigid part of the joint and working to the outside of the connection or the free edges. Use thin metal feeler gages, such as a machinists 6 inch metal rule, to ensure that gaps do not exist between the steel at the bolt holes. Install all bolts in a connection to a snug tight condition prior to pretensioning. Perform pretensioning in the same order as snug-tightening.

3.4.1 Bolts, Nuts, and Washers

Provided bolts, nuts and washers shall be installed per drawings and as specified above in paragraph Bolts, Nuts, and Washers. All nuts shall be equipped with washers.

3.4.2 Bolt Holes

Bolt holes shall be accurately located, smooth, perpendicular to the member and cylindrical.

a. Holes for high strength bolts shall be drilled or subdrilled and reamed in the shop and shall not be more than 1/16 inch larger than the diameter of the bolt. The threads of bolts shall be excluded from the shear plane.

b. All misdrilled holes shall be repaired as directed by the Contracting Officer's Representative. Repair of mislocated or misdrilled holes shall be submitted for Government approval.

3.5 GUARDRAIL INSTALLATION

The guardrail posts shall be installed plumb with full bearing for base plates, where base plates are required. Use non-shrink grout to level the mounting plate where the existing concrete surface is not level. See SECTION 03 30 00.00 28 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE paragraph "Non-Shrink Grout" for additional requirements.

3.6 DISTORTION CONTROL PLAN

Submit a distortion control plan addressing means and methods used to prevent and control distortion during fabrication inclusive but not limited to: jigs, rotation of part, support of part during fabrication, temp control, back stepping, welding sequencing, methods used to verify dimensional conformity during fabrication.

3.7 FABRICATION TOLERANCES

3.7.1 Drawing Tolerances

Measure dimensions using an approved calibrated steel tape of approximately the same temperature as the material being measured. The overall dimensions of an assembled structural unit must be within the

SECTION 05 05 23.00 28 Page 13 tolerances indicated on the drawings or as specified in the particular section of these specifications for the item of work. Where tolerances are not specified in other sections of these specifications or shown, an allowable variation of 1/32 inch is permissible in the overall length of component members with both ends milled; component members without milled ends must not deviate from the dimensions shown by more than 1/16 inch for members 30 feet or less in length, and by more than 1/8 inch for members over 30 feet in length. Where tolerances are not provided in this specification or on the contract drawings, the tolerances of AISC 303 apply. Where steel contacts fish passage water, surface roughness shall be in accordance with SECTION 01 14 00.30 28 SURFACE FINISH REQUIREMENTS -

BIOLOGICAL.

3.7.2 Geometric Tolerancing

Geometric Tolerancing symbols on the drawings shall be interpreted in accordance with ASME Y14.5 .

-- End of Section --

SECTION 05 05 23.00 28 Page 14

SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 33 - UTILITIES

SECTION 33 51 43.00 28

INSTRUMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF STRUCTURES

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 DESCRIPTION

1.1.1 Supervision and Quality Control

1.1.2 Scope of Work

1.1.2.1 Well Demolition

1.2 REFERENCES

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.4 SUBMITTALS

1.5 INSTRUMENTATION SPECIALIST

1.5.1 General

1.5.2 Qualifications

1.5.3 Instrumentation and Monitoring Plan

1.6 SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING

1.6.1 Scheduling Work

1.7 DATA REQUIREMENTS

1.7.1 Data Ownership

1.7.2 Data Integrity

1.7.3 Backups, Archiving, and Disaster Recovery

1.7.4 Disclosure of Data or Advertisement of Project

1.8 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 GENERAL

2.2 MATERIALS

2.2.1 General

2.3 PORE-PRESSURE AND GROUNDWATER MONITORING

2.3.1 Open-Tube Piezometer

2.4 SURFACE WATER LEVEL

2.4.1 Water Level Sensor

2.4.1.1 Laser Water Level Sensor

2.4.2 Staff Gauges

2.5 FLOW MEASUREMENT

2.5.1 Weirs

2.5.2 Flumes

2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

2.6.1 Precipitation

2.6.2 Barometer

2.6.3 Water Quality

2.7 DEFORMATION/DISPLACEMENT

2.8 SURFACE PROTECTION

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 PRODUCT HANDLING

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Amendment-0003 - Section 33 51 43.00 28 - Paragraph 2.5.2

3.1.1 Transportation and Handling

3.1.2 Storage and Protection

3.2 INSTALLATION

3.2.1 General

3.2.2 Installation Plans

3.2.3 Notification and Documentation

3.2.4 Instrument Coordinates

3.2.5 Borehole Installations

3.2.6 Pore-Pressure and Groundwater Monitoring

3.2.6.1 Open Tube Piezometer

3.2.7 As-Builts

3.3 DATA COLLECTION

3.3.1 Baseline Readings

3.3.2 Frequency of Monitoring

3.4 ANALYSIS, REPORTING, AND PRESENTATION OF MONITORING DATA

3.4.1 Analysis of Monitoring Data

3.4.2 Presentation of Monitoring Data

3.4.2.1 Graphics and Data Reporting

3.5 THRESHOLDS AND RESPONSE ACTIONS

3.5.1 Threshold Values

3.5.2 Response Actions

3.6 VISUAL INSPECTION

3.7 SYSTEM RELIABILITY

3.8 MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT

3.9 PROJECT CLOSEOUT AND RESTORATION

-- End of Section Table of Contents --

SECTION 33 51 43.00 28 Page 2 Amendment - 0003 g4ecctgh

Amendment-0003 - Section 33 51 43.00 28 - Paragraph 3.3.2

SECTION 33 51 43.00 28

INSTRUMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF STRUCTURES

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 DESCRIPTION

Provide all plant, labor, equipment, and materials for the installation and maintenance of temporary performance monitoring instrumentation for the duration of the contract. Provide all labor, equipment, and materials for data collection, data management, interpretation, and reporting unless otherwise specified for the duration of the contract. Provide all plant, labor, equipment, and materials for the installation of permanent instrumentation.

1.1.1 Instrumentation and Monitoring Plan

Develop an Instrumentation and Monitoring Plan that outlines the project performance monitoring requirements during construction, recommended thresholds values and response actions, as well as roles and responsibilities based on the requirements of this scope and in accordance with Section 31 23 19.11 28 DIVERSION AND CARE OF WATER.

1.1.1 Supervision and Quality Control

Provide supervision and quality control to assure the accuracy, quality, timeliness, and completeness of the work. Provide all related and miscellaneous components and appurtenances to make the specified systems complete and functional. Perform all work in strict accordance with this section of the specifications and the applicable contract drawings.

1.1.2 Scope of Work

The existing instrumentation at the Project Site is shown in the drawings on sheet B-101. The following tables summarize the permanent instrumentation that is to be installed as part of the contract work (New Instruments), and instrumentation that is currently installed within the project area that is to be modified (Existing Instruments to be Modified).

The observation wells and pumping well listed in the table were installed for the groundwater investigation. These wells may be used to conduct additional testing, if desired by the Contractor. Coordinate with the Contracting Officer to remove the existing instrumentation from these wells prior to well demolition. Protect existing instrumentation not to be modified during construction as shown on the plans.

New Instruments to be Installed

Instrument Type Data Collection Method

Data Collection Frequency

Quantity

Piezometer (PXX-1, PXX-2)

Open Tube Manual - 2

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Amendment-0003 - Section 33 51 43.00 28 - Article 1.1 DESCRIPTION

Existing Instruments to be Modified

General Description Data Collection Method

Existing Quantity

Observation Wells (23-OB-1, 23-OB-2, 23-OB-3) Manual 3

Pumping Well (23-PW-1) Manual 1

1.1.2.1 Well Demolition

Decommission wells to be demolished in accordance with WAC-173-160 .

1.2 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM D5640 (1995; R 2008) Standard Guide for Selection of Weirs and Flumes for Open-Channel Flow Measurement of Water

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)

NFPA 70 (2023) National Electrical Code

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (USACE)

EM 1110-2-1908 (2020) Engineering and Design -- Instrumentation of Embankment Dams and Levees

WASHINGTON STATE ADMINISTRATIVE CODE (WAC)

WAC-173-160 Minimum Standards for Construction and Maintenance of Wells

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

In addition to using the current state of practice in the field of geotechnical and structural instrumentation and all manufacturer's recommendations for installation and operation; the following Codes, standards, regulations, and references apply for all features of the instrumentation system with the most stringent being applicable: NFPA 70 and, EM 1110-2-1908 .

1.4 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" classification.

Submittals having an "I" classification are for information only. When used, a code following the "G" or "I" classification identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government. Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals

Instrumentation Specialist ; I, C

SECTION 33 51 43.00 28 Page 4

Instrumentation and Monitoring Plan ; G, GT

Method Statements ; G, GT

SD-06 Test Reports

Action Threshold Exceedance Report ; G, GT

Installation Record ; G, GT

SD-10 Operation and Maintenance Data

Installation ; G, GT

Instrument Modification Report ; G, GT

SD-11 Closeout Submittals

Instrument Removal List ; G, GT

As-Built Drawings ; G, GT

1.5 INSTRUMENTATION SPECIALIST

1.5.1 General

Acquisition of reliable and high-quality data is the primary objective of the instrumentation specialist. This individual must be retained by the contractor for the duration of the work. Approval of an equivalent backup is required prior to the start of the work. Duties of the instrumentation specialist include s selection of the instruments to be purchased by the Contractor; installation, calibration, and maintenance of that specialized equipment in the field; and acquisition and reporting of readings.

Supporting work, which does not require specialized skills, may be performed by the construction contractor.

1.5.2 Qualifications

The individual assigned as lead instrumentation specialist must be a registered Professional Engineer (PE) and recognized professional in the field of instrumentation and monitoring of geotechnical and hydraulic structures with over 5 years of work experience relevant to the scope and magnitude of work specified in this contract. Likewise, equivalent backups meeting the aforementioned qualifications must be identified and included with the required submittal of the instrumentation specialist(s).

1.5.3 Instrumentation and Monitoring Plan

An Instrumentation and Monitoring Plan that outlines the requirements during construction must be prepared by the Instrumentation Specialist in accordance with this paragraph and Section 31 23 19.11 28 "DIVERSION AND CARE OF WATER". and submitted for Submit for Government approval a minimum of 30 days prior to any work being completed at the site. No physical work is to start at the site until this plan is approved by the Government. The Instrumentation and Monitoring Plan pertains to temporary performance monitoring instrumentation during construction, including instrumentation and monitoring of the dewatering and diversion of water systems, and specified permanent instrumentation. At a minimum, the Instrumentation and

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Amendment-0003 - Section 33 51 43.00 28 - Paragraph 1.5.3 Instrumentation and Monitoring Plan

Monitoring Plan must address the following: responsibilities and authority for all phase of the monitoring program; types (including detailed manufacturer data), purpose, and location of each instrument; installation procedures (detailed below) and documentation; instrument reliability and limitations; calibration and maintenance, in accordance with manufacturer's requirements and EM 1110-2-1908 ; redundancy; backup instruments/parts; baseline data; procedures for ensuring data validity;

data collection frequency; visual observation; data processing and reporting including example tables and plots; and threshold values and response actions.

Include detailed method statements for installation of each type of instrument. Method statements must list the sequence of carrying out the work and include such dimensioned sketches, completed using computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) software, as may be required to illustrate the spatial or temporal relationship of the various components of the work.

The method statements must include:

a. Method of pre-installation acceptance tests.

b. Description of quality control procedures.

c. Full details of both type and quantity of any equipment to be used.

d. Method of conducting post-installation acceptance tests.

e. Method of protecting instruments from damage.

f. Method of determining as-built locations.

g. Method of field calibration and maintenance of each type of instrument.

h. Calibration and maintenance schedule for each type of instrument.

i. Method of supplying power, when applicable.

j. Method of monitoring each type of instrument, including thresholds and method of identifying and eliminating any reading errors.

k. Method of carrying out temperature corrections and/or barometric pressure corrections, when applicable.

l. Method of data reporting for each type of instrument, including method of transmitting and storing data.

1.6 SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING

1.6.1 Scheduling Work

Install instruments and receive Government concurrence on formal initial readings prior to the start of related construction activities as detailed in paragraph BASELINE READINGS. Required subsurface drilling will be in accordance with Section 02 32 13.00 28 SUBSURFACE DRILLING AND SAMPLING.

SECTION 33 51 43.00 28 Page 6

1.7 DATA REQUIREMENTS

1.7.1 Data Ownership

All data generated on site by instrumentation, monitoring, construction equipment, sampling, testing, and other data associated with the construction of the project is the property of the Government. No data source is exempt from these data requirements unless a specific exemption is requested of and granted by the Government. Do not allow "proprietary data" to impede the Government's ability to monitor construction, perform analyses, or evaluate the effectiveness of construction.

1.7.2 Data Integrity

Maintain the integrity of data such that records are accurate and internally consistent. Ensure that all data and records reflect the quality of the data gathered on the site and that all data is preserved and archived for future use.

1.7.3 Backups, Archiving, and Disaster Recovery

Minimize data loss by backup and archival of all digital and paper data records from the time of data generation until final data turnover. If a data loss occurs, the Contractor is responsible for regeneration of the data. Any data which is re-generated from a non-primary source must be clearly noted in the record. Backup data within 24 hours of generation.

Should a data loss occur, even if it is within this 24-hour window, the Contractor is responsible for all steps necessary to recover from this data loss and will receive no additional payment for these data recovery efforts.

1.7.4 Disclosure of Data or Advertisement of Project

Do not disclose any project data to third parties, and do not publish any data without prior written approval of the Government. This includes, but is not limited to, published papers or presentations to any third parties not associated with this contract.

1.8 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

Deliver all instrumentation materials to the site in undamaged condition and store in an indoor, clean, dry, and secure storage space, that is approved by the Government, after receipt at the site and prior to installation. Instrument components must not be exposed to temperatures outside the manufacturer's stated working temperature range. The materials, instruments, and hardware must be stored, handled, and installed in such a manner as to preclude damage. The Contractor must restore or replace, at no cost to the Government, any items damaged or lost during storage, handling, or installation.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 GENERAL

All products in this section must conform to the requirements indicated on the Drawings, or specified herein, to adequately monitor the condition and record data to ensure performance parameters are met. A summary of existing instruments, including those to be modified, as well as new permanent instruments to be installed as part of this contract are

SECTION 33 51 43.00 28 Page 7 included in tabular format in paragraph SCOPE OF WORK above. The Contractor is responsible for determining the necessary temporary instrumentation in accordance with the Instrumentation & Monitoring Plan.

Ensure all temporary instrumentation meets the material requirements stated below. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for all temporary instrumentation, including those not listed.

All products must be the standard products of a manufacturer regularly engaged in the manufacture of such.

2.2 MATERIALS

2.2.1 General

All materials must conform to the Buy American Act. They must be new and meeting the requirements indicated on the drawings or referred to herein, and, when not covered thereby, materials and equipment of commercial grade quality suited to the intended use and as approved by the Government must be furnished. All materials must be compatible and match the existing equipment at the project location, if applicable. If multiples of the same instrument are required, use the same manufacturer for each.

2.3 PORE-PRESSURE AND GROUNDWATER MONITORING

2.3.1 Open-Tube Piezometer

Refer to plan sheet B-501 for open-tube piezometer installation details.

2.4 SURFACE WATER LEVEL

2.4.1 Water Level Sensor

2.4.1.1 Laser Water Level Sensor

Install any all water level sensors in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Perform operation and field calibration checks of all instruments. Factory-calibration curves are required for each laser water level sensor, including individual gage factor and temperature correction factor. Protect each instrument against short-duration, high voltage surges with an external surge protection board, which uses tripolar plasma surge arrestors, transient suppression diodes, and inductors.

2.4.2 Staff Gauges

Provide f Fiberglass staff gauges must be graduated to hundredths and marked at every foot and every tenth .

2.5 FLOW MEASUREMENT

2.5.1 Weirs

Provide When required, a a rectangular weir plate made of 304 stainless steel. Include proper mounting hardware as provided by the manufacturer and meeting requirements of ASTM D5640.

2.5.2 Flumes

Provide When required, a trapezoidal flume made of 304 stainless steel for measurement of flow. The inside of the flume must be smooth and free of

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Amendment-0003 - Section 33 51 43.00 28 - Paragraph 2.5.2 Flumes any irregularities. Provide all anchorage hardware in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and submit documentation showing the proposed flume meets all specified requirements.

2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

2.6.1 Precipitation

Monitor precipitation with a tipping bucket rain gauge with an accuracy of 1 percent up to 2 inches per hour. Rainfall per tip of the bucket is to be

0.01 inch.

2.6.2 Barometer

Provide a barometer with accuracy to 0.6 Hpa or better for correction of sealed vibrating wire pressure transducers.

2.6.3 Water Quality

Monitor water quality in accordance with Section 02 24 20.00 28 WATER

QUALITY MONITORING.

2.7 DEFORMATION/DISPLACEMENT

Monitor for deformation or displacement using the instruments described in the Instrumentation and Monitoring Plan and in accordance with Section

31 23 19.11 28 DIVERSION AND CARE OF WATER.

2.8 SURFACE PROTECTION

Provide temporary or permanent surface protection. Use caution and provide all means necessary to protect the instrumentation from construction activity performed on the construction site. This includes monitoring settlement of fill material in and around the buried conduits, concrete protective blocks at the instrument heads, concrete pads, and related items.