31_23_00.00_20.pdf

Gr een Br ook, Segment C- 1

AMENDMENT # 3

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EXCAVATI ON, FI LL, AND BACKFI LL FOR STRUCTURES

PART 1 GENERAL

1. 1 REFERENCES

The publ i cat i ons l i s t ed bel ow f or m a par t of t hi s speci f i cat i on t o t he ext ent r ef er enced. The publ i cat i ons ar e r ef er r ed t o i n t he t ext by t he basi c desi gnat i on onl y.

ASTM I NTERNATI ONAL ( ASTM)

ASTM C136/ C136M ( 2014) St andar d Test Met hod f or Si eve Anal ysi s of Fi ne and Coar se Aggr egat es

ASTM C33/ C33M ( 2018) St andar d Speci f i cat i on f or Concr et e Aggregates

ASTM D1140 ( 2017) St andar d Test Met hods f or Det er mi ni ng t he Amount of Mat er i al Fi ner t han 75- µm ( No. 200) Si eve i n Soi l s by Washing

ASTM D1557 ( 2012; E 2015) St andar d Test Met hods f or Labor at or y Compact i on Char act er i s t i cs of Soi l Usi ng Modi f i ed Ef f or t ( 56, 000 f t - l bf / f t 3) ( 2700 kN- m/ m3)

ASTM D2216 ( 2010) Labor at or y Det er mi nat i on of Wat er ( Moi st ur e) Cont ent of Soi l and Rock by Mass

ASTM D2487 ( 2017) Soi l s f or Engi neer i ng Pur poses ( Uni f i ed Soi l Cl assi f i cat i on Syst em)

ASTM D2922 ( 2005) Densi t y of Soi l and Soi l - Aggr egat e i n Pl ace by Nucl ear Met hods ( Shal l ow Dept h)

ASTM D3017 ( 2005) Wat er Cont ent of Soi l and Rock i n Pl ace by Nucl ear Met hods ( Shal l ow Dept h)

ASTM D4318 ( 2017) St andar d Test Met hods f or Li qui d Li mi t , Pl ast i c Li mi t , and Pl ast i c i t y I ndex of Soi l s

ASTM D698 ( 2012; E 2014; E 2015) Labor at or y Compact i on Char act er i st i cs of Soi l Usi ng St andar d Ef f or t ( 12, 400 f t - l bf / cu. f t .

( 600 kN- m/ cu. m. ) )

ASTM D75 ( 2003) St andar d Pr act i ce f or Sampl i ng Aggregates

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U. S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGI NEERS ( USACE)

EM 385- 1- 1 ( 2014) Saf et y and Heal t h Requi r ement s Manual

NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATI ON ( NJDOT)

NJDOT St andar d Speci f i cat i ons ( 2007) St andar d Speci f i cat i ons f or Road and Br i dge Const r uct i on

1. 2 DEFI NI TI ONS

1. 2. 1 Degr ee of Compact i on

Degr ee of compact i on i s expr essed as a per cent age of t he maxi mum densi t y obt ai ned by t he t est pr ocedur e pr esent ed i n ASTM D1557, f or gener al soi l t ypes, abbr evi at ed as per cent l abor at or y maxi mum densi t y.

1. 2. 2 Har d Mat er i al s

Weat her ed r ock, dense consol i dat ed deposi t s, or congl omer at e mat er i al s whi ch ar e not i ncl uded i n t he def i ni t i on of " r ock" but whi ch usual l y r equi r e t he use of heavy excavat i on equi pment , r i pper t eet h, or j ack hammer s f or r emoval .

1. 2. 3 Rock

Sol i d homogeneous i nt er l ocki ng cr yst al l i ne mat er i al wi t h f i r ml y cement ed, l ami nat ed, or f ol i at ed masses or congl omer at e deposi t s, nei t her of whi ch can be r emoved wi t hout syst emat i c dr i l l i ng and t he use of expansi on j acks or f eat her wedges, or t he use of backhoe- mount ed pneumat i c hol e puncher s or r ock br eaker s; al so l ar ge boul der s, bur i ed masonr y, or concr et e ot her t han pavement exceedi ng 1 cubi c yar d i n vol ume. Rock r emoval may r equi r e excavat i on wi t h power equi pment . Removal of har d mat er i al wi l l not be consi der ed r ock excavat i on because of i nt er mi t t ent dr i l l i ng and bl ast i ng t hat i s per f or med mer el y t o i ncr ease pr oduct i on.

1. 2. 4 Pi l e Suppor t ed St r uct ur e

As used her ei n, a st r uct ur e wher e bot h t he f oundat i on and f l oor s l ab ar e pi l e suppor t ed.

1. 3 SUBMI TTALS

Gover nment appr oval i s r equi r ed f or submi t t al s wi t h a " G" desi gnat i on;

submi t t al s not havi ng a " G" desi gnat i on ar e f or i nf or mat i on onl y. When used, a desi gnat i on f ol l owi ng t he " G" desi gnat i on i dent i f i es t he of f i ce t hat wi l l r evi ew t he submi t t al f or t he Gover nment . The f ol l owi ng shal l be submi t t ed i n accor dance wi t h Sect i on 01 33 00 SUBMI TTAL PROCEDURES:

SD- 01 Pr econst r uct i on Submi t t al s

Shor i ng and Sheet i ng Pl an; G, DO

Dewat er i ng wor k pl an; G, DO

Submi t 15 days pr i or t o st ar t i ng wor k.

SD- 06 Test Repor t s

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Bor r ow Si t e Test i ng; G, DO

Fi l l and backf i l l t est ; G, DO

Sel ect mat er i al t est ; G, DO

Por ous f i l l t est f or capi l l ar y wat er bar r i er ; G, DO

Densi t y t est s; G, DO

Moi st ur e Cont ent Test s; G, DO

Copi es of al l l abor at or y and f i el d t est r epor t s wi t hi n 24 hour s of t he compl et i on of t he t est .

Dense Gr aded Aggr egat e ( Dga) Test s; G, DO

1. 4 DELI VERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLI NG

Per f or m i n a manner t o pr event cont ami nat i on or segr egat i on of mat er i al s.

1. 5 CRI TERI A FOR BI DDI NG

Base bi ds on t he f ol l owi ng cr i t er i a:

a. Sur f ace el evat i ons ar e as i ndi cat ed.

b. Pi pes or ot her ar t i f i c i al obst r uct i ons, except t hose i ndi cat ed, wi l l not be encount er ed.

c. Gr ound wat er el evat i ons i ndi cat ed by t he bor i ng l og wer e t hose exi st i ng at t he t i me subsur f ace i nvest i gat i ons wer e made and do not necessar i l y r epr esent gr ound wat er el evat i on at t he t i me of construction.

d. Mat er i al char act er i s i ndi cat ed by t he bor i ng l ogs.

e. Har d mat er i al s wi l l not be encount er ed wi t hi n t he t op 4 f eet bel ow exi st i ng sur f ace el evat i ons.

f . Bor r ow mat er i al , sui t abl e backf i l l , and beddi ng mat er i al i n t he quant i t i es r equi r ed i s not avai l abl e at t he pr oj ect s i t e.

g. Bl ast i ng wi l l not be per mi t t ed. Remove mat er i al i n an appr oved manner.

1. 6 QUALI TY ASSURANCE

1. 6. 1 Shor i ng and Sheet i ng Pl an

The Cont r act or shal l submi t as par t of t he Shor i ng and Sheet i ng pl an dr awi ngs and cal cul at i ons, cer t i f i ed by a r egi st er ed pr of essi onal engi neer , descr i bi ng t he met hods f or shor i ng and sheet i ng of excavat i ons f or appr oval 15 days pr i or t o st ar t i ng wor k. I n addi t i on t o Sect i on 25 A and B of EM 385- 1- 1 and ot her r equi r ement s set f or t h i n t hi s cont r act , i ncl ude pr ovi s i ons i n t he shor i ng and sheet i ng pl an t hat wi l l accompl i sh t he following:

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a. Pr event under mi ni ng of pavement s, ut i l i t i es, r ai l r oads, f oundat i ons and sl abs.

b. Pr event s l i ppage or movement i n banks or s l opes adj acent t o t he excavation.

c. Pr r ot ect wor kmen.

c. Al l ow f or t he abandonment of shor i ng and sheet i ng mat er i al s i n pl ace i n cr i t i cal ar eas as t he wor k i s compl et ed. I n t hese ar eas, backf i l l t he excavat i on t o wi t hi n 1 f oot of t he f i ni shed gr ade and r emove t he r emai ni ng exposed por t i on of t he shor i ng bef or e compl et i ng t he backf i l l .

The Cont r act or i s r equi r ed t o hi r e a Pr of essi onal Geot echni cal Engi neer t o pr ovi de i nspect i on of excavat i ons and soi l / gr oundwat er condi t i ons t hr oughout const r uct i on. The Geot echni cal Engi neer shal l be r esponsi bl e f or per f or mi ng pr e- const r uct i on and per i odi c s i t e v i s i t s t hr oughout const r uct i on t o assess s i t e condi t i ons. The Geot echni cal Engi neer shal l updat e t he excavat i on, sheet i ng and dewat er i ng pl ans as const r uct i on pr ogr esses t o r ef l ect changi ng condi t i ons and shal l submi t an updat ed pl an i f necessar y. A wr i t t en r epor t shal l be submi t t ed, at l east mont hl y, i nf or mi ng t he Cont r act or and Cont r act i ng Of f i cer of t he st at us of t he pl an and an account i ng of t he Cont r act or ' s adher ence t o t he pl an addr essi ng any pr esent or pot ent i al pr obl ems. The Geot echni cal Engi neer shal l be avai l abl e t o meet wi t h t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer at any t i me t hr oughout t he cont r act dur at i on.

1. 6. 1. 1 Dr awi ng Submi t t al

Submi t a det ai l ed l ayout of t empor ar y r et ai ni ng st r uct ur es on st andar d s i ze ( 22" x 34" ) sheet s. These shop dr awi ngs shal l bear t he st amp and s i gnat ur e of t he Regi st er ed Pr of essi onal Engi neer . These dr awi ngs shal l c l ear l y show:

( a) Al l per t i nent di mensi ons and l ocat i ons of t hese st r uct ur es wi t h r ef er ence t o t he pr oj ect cent er l i ne ( Wal l - l i ne, Basel i ne, et c. ) .

( b) Mat er i al gr ade, wei ght , l engt h and desi gnat i on of st eel sheet pi l e sect i on( s) used.

( c) Br aci ng det ai l s .

( d) Excavat i on sequence and pr ocedur e.

( e) Pr ovi s i ons, i f any, f or i nst al l i ng t he shor i ng i n t he v i c i ni t y of over head, hi gh vol t age t r ansmi ssi on and di st r i but i on l i nes and ot her l ow over head cl ear ance ar eas.

( f ) Any ot her i t ems i nci dent al or s i gni f i cant t o t hi s wor k.

1. 6. 2 Dewat er i ng Wor k Pl an

Submi t pr ocedur es f or accompl i shi ng dewat er i ng wor k.

1. 6. 3 Ut i l i t i es

Movement of const r uct i on machi ner y and equi pment over pi pes and ut i l i t i es dur i ng const r uct i on shal l be at t he Cont r act or ' s r i sk. Per f or m wor k adj acent t o non- Gover nment ut i l i t i es as i ndi cat ed i n accor dance wi t h

SECTI ON 31 23 00. 00 20 Page 4 pr ocedur es out l i ned by ut i l i t y company. Excavat i on made wi t h power - dr i ven equi pment i s not per mi t t ed wi t hi n 2 f eet of known Gover nment - owned ut i l i t y or subsur f ace const r uct i on. For wor k i mmedi at el y adj acent t o or f or excavat i ons exposi ng a ut i l i t y or ot her bur i ed obst r uct i on, excavat e by hand. St ar t hand excavat i on on each si de of t he i ndi cat ed obst r uct i on and cont i nue unt i l t he obst r uct i on i s uncover ed or unt i l c l ear ance f or t he new gr ade i s assur ed. Suppor t uncover ed l i nes or ot her exi st i ng wor k af f ect ed by t he cont r act excavat i on unt i l appr oval f or backf i l l i s gr ant ed by t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer . Repor t damage t o ut i l i t y l i nes or subsur f ace const r uct i on i mmedi at el y t o t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer .

1. 6. 4 Foundat i on Subgr ades

For cul ver t , wi ngwal l s, and apr ons, t he f oundat i on subgr ades wi l l be i nspect ed and appr oved by t he geot echni cal engi neer bef or e const r uct i on can proceed.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2. 1 SOI L MATERI ALS

2. 1. 1 Sat i sf act or y Mat er i al s

Any mat er i al s c l assi f i ed by ASTM D2487 as GW, GP, GM, GP- GM, GW- GM, GC, GP- GC, GM- GC, SW, SP, f r ee of debr i s, r oot s, wood, scr ap mat er i al , veget at i on, r ef use, sof t unsound par t i c l es, and f r ozen, del et er i ous, or obj ect i onabl e mat er i al s. Unl ess speci f i ed ot her wi se, t he maxi mum par t i c l e di amet er shal l not exceed 3 i nches i n any di r ect i on.

2. 1. 2 Unsat i sf act or y Mat er i al s

Mat er i al s whi ch do not compl y wi t h t he r equi r ement s f or sat i sf act or y mat er i al s. Unsat i sf act or y mat er i al s al so i ncl ude man- made f i l l s , t r ash, r ef use, or backf i l l s f r om pr evi ous const r uct i on. Unsat i sf act or y mat er i al al so i ncl udes mat er i al c l assi f i ed as sat i sf act or y whi ch cont ai ns r oot and ot her or gani c mat t er , f r ozen mat er i al , and st ones l ar ger t han 3 i nches.

The Cont r act i ng Of f i cer shal l be not i f i ed of any cont ami nat ed mat er i al s.

2. 1. 3 Cohesi onl ess and Cohesi ve Mat er i al s

Cohesi onl ess mat er i al s i ncl ude mat er i al s c l assi f i ed i n ASTM D2487 as GW, GP, SW, and SP. Cohesi ve mat er i al s i ncl ude mat er i al s c l assi f i ed as GC, SC, ML, CL, MH, and CH. Mat er i al s c l assi f i ed as GM, GP- GM, GW- GM, SW- SM, SP- SM, and SM shal l be i dent i f i ed as cohesi onl ess onl y when t he f i nes ar e nonpl ast i c ( pl ast i c i t y i ndex equal s zer o) . Mat er i al s c l assi f i ed as GM and SM wi l l be i dent i f i ed as cohesi ve onl y when t he f i nes have a pl ast i c i t y i ndex gr eat er t han zer o.

2. 1. 4 Expansi ve Soi l s

Soi l s t hat have a pl ast i c i t y i ndex equal t o or gr eat er t han 15 when t est ed i n accor dance wi t h ASTM D4318.

2. 1. 5 Nonf r ost Suscept i bl e ( NFS) Mat er i al

A uni f or ml y gr aded washed sand wi t h a maxi mum par t i c l e s i ze of 4 i nch and l ess t han 5 per cent passi ng t he No. 200 si ze s i eve, and wi t h not mor e t han 3 per cent by wei ght f i ner t han 0. 02 mm gr ai n s i ze.

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2. 1. 6 Common Fi l l

Appr oved, uncl assi f i ed soi l mat er i al wi t h t he char act er i st i cs r equi r ed t o compact t o t he soi l densi t y speci f i ed f or t he i nt ended l ocat i on.

2. 1. 7 Backf i l l and Fi l l Mat er i al

ASTM D2487, c l assi f i cat i on GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, and SM, wi t h a maxi mum of 25 per cent by wei ght passi ng ASTM D1140, No. 200 si eve.

2. 1. 8 Sel ect Mat er i al

Pr ovi de mat er i al s c l assi f i ed as GW, GP, SW, SP by ASTM D2487 wher e indicated.

The combi ned mat er i al shal l conf or m t o t he f ol l owi ng s i eve anal ysi s:

Si eve Si ze Per cent Passi ng by Wei ght

2 1/ 2 i nches 100 No. 4 40 - 85 No. 10 20 - 80 No. 40 10 - 60 No. 200 5 - . 5

2. 1. 9 Topsoi l

Pr ovi de as speci f i ed i n Sect i on 32 92 19 SEEDI NG.

2. 1. 10 Dense Gr aded Aggr egr at e ( DGA)

Use a DGA as speci f i ed i n NJDOT St andar d Speci f i cat i on 2007 - 901. 03. 01

The mat er i al shal l conf or m t o t he f ol l owi ng s i eve anal ysi s:

Si eve Si ze Per cent Passi ng by Wei ght

1 1/ 2 i nches 100 3/ 4 i nch 55 - 90 No. 4 25 - 50 No. 50 5 - 20 No. 200 3 - 10

2. 2 BORROW

Obt ai n bor r ow mat er i al s r equi r ed i n excess of t hose f ur ni shed f r om excavat i ons f r om sour ces out s i de of Gover nment pr oper t y.

2. 2. 1 Bor r ow Si t e Test i ng

Per f or m bor r ow s i t e t est i ng i n accor dance wi t h Sect i on 31 00 00 EARTHWORK.

2. 3 CONTROL LOW STRENGTH MATERI AL ( CLSM)

Use CLSM i n accor dance wi t h Sect i on 03 34 00 CONTROLLED LOW STRENGTH

MATERI AL ( CLSM) .

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PART 3 EXECUTI ON

3. 1 PROTECTI ON

3. 1. 1 Shor i ng and Sheet i ng

Pr ovi de shor i ng and sheet i ng syst ems wher e i ndi cat ed. I n addi t i on t o Sect i on 25 A and B of EM 385- 1- 1 and ot her r equi r ement s set f or t h i n t hi s cont r act , i ncl ude pr ovi s i ons i n t he shor i ng and sheet i ng pl an t hat wi l l accompl i sh t he f ol l owi ng:

a. Pr event under mi ni ng of pavement s, r esi dent i al f oundat i ons and slabs.

b. Pr event s l i ppage or movement i n banks or s l opes adj acent t o t he excavation.

c. Al l ow f or t he abandonment of shor i ng and sheet i ng mat er i al s i n pl ace i n cr i t i cal ar eas as t he wor k i s compl et ed. I n t hese ar eas, backf i l l t he excavat i on t o wi t hi n 1 f oot of t he f i ni shed gr ade and r emove t he r emai ni ng exposed por t i on of t he shor i ng bef or e compl et i ng t he backf i l l .

3. 1. 1. 1 I nst al l at i on

The Cont r act or i s advi sed t hat t her e may exi st hi gh vol t age t r ansmi ssi on and di st r i but i on l i nes, under whi ch shor i ng may have t o be i nst al l ed. Some l i nes may not be r el ocat ed and ot her s may not be de- ener gi zed. These l i nes ar e i dent i f i ed on t he Dr awi ngs. The Cont r act or shal l mai nt ai n t he mi ni mum speci f i ed c l ear di st ances bet ween t he sheet pi l e dr i v i ng equi pment and t he t r ansmi ssi on l i ne per EM 385- 1- 1. Mai nt ai ni ng mi ni mum saf e di st ances may r equi r e dr i v i ng t he sheet s i n segment s and f i el d spl i c i ng.

3. 1. 2 Dr ai nage and Dewat er i ng

Pr ovi de f or t he col l ect i on and di sposal of sur f ace and subsur f ace wat er encount er ed dur i ng const r uct i on. Pr ovi de compl i ance wi t h envi r onment al and er osi on cont r ol .

3. 1. 2. 1 Dr ai nage

So t hat const r uct i on oper at i ons pr ogr ess successf ul l y , compl et el y dr ai n const r uct i on s i t e dur i ng per i ods of const r uct i on t o keep soi l mat er i al s suf f i c i ent l y dr y. The Cont r act or shal l est abl i sh/ const r uct st or m dr ai nage f eat ur es ( ponds/ basi ns) at t he ear l i est st ages of s i t e devel opment , and t hr oughout const r uct i on gr ade t he const r uct i on ar ea t o pr ovi de posi t i ve sur f ace wat er r unof f away f r om t he const r uct i on act i v i t y and/ or pr ovi de t empor ar y di t ches, di kes, swal es, and ot her dr ai nage f eat ur es and equi pment as r equi r ed t o mai nt ai n dr y soi l s , pr event er osi on and under mi ni ng of f oundat i ons. When unsui t abl e wor ki ng pl at f or ms f or equi pment oper at i on and unsui t abl e soi l suppor t f or subsequent const r uct i on f eat ur es devel op, r emove unsui t abl e mat er i al and pr ovi de new soi l mat er i al as speci f i ed her ei n. I t i s t he r esponsi bi l i t y of t he Cont r act or t o assess t he soi l and gr ound wat er condi t i ons pr esent ed by t he pl ans and speci f i cat i ons and t o empl oy necessar y measur es t o per mi t const r uct i on t o pr oceed. Excavat ed s l opes and backf i l l sur f aces shal l be pr ot ect ed t o pr event er osi on and sl oughi ng. Excavat i on shal l be per f or med so t hat t he s i t e, t he ar ea i mmedi at el y sur r oundi ng t he s i t e, and t he ar ea af f ect i ng oper at i ons at t he s i t e shal l be cont i nual l y and ef f ect i vel y dr ai ned.

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3. 1. 2. 2 Dewat er i ng

Gr oundwat er f l owi ng t owar d or i nt o excavat i ons shal l be cont r ol l ed t o pr event s l oughi ng of excavat i on s l opes and wal l s, boi l s , upl i f t and heave i n t he excavat i on and t o el i mi nat e i nt er f er ence wi t h or der l y pr ogr ess of const r uct i on. Fr ench dr ai ns, sumps, di t ches or t r enches wi l l not be per mi t t ed wi t hi n 3 f eet of t he f oundat i on of any st r uct ur e, except wi t h speci f i c wr i t t en appr oval , and af t er speci f i c cont r act ual pr ovi s i ons f or r est or at i on of t he f oundat i on ar ea have been made. Cont r ol measur es shal l be t aken by t he t i me t he excavat i on r eaches t he wat er l evel i n or der t o mai nt ai n t he i nt egr i t y of t he i n s i t u mat er i al . Whi l e t he excavat i on i s open, t he wat er l evel shal l be mai nt ai ned cont i nuousl y, at l east 2 f eet bel ow t he wor ki ng l evel .

Oper at e dewat er i ng syst em cont i nuousl y unt i l const r uct i on wor k bel ow exi st i ng wat er l evel s i s compl et e. Submi t per f or mance r ecor ds weekl y.

Measur e and r ecor d per f or mance of dewat er i ng syst em at same t i me each day by use of obser vat i on wel l s or pi ezomet er s i nst al l ed i n conj unct i on wi t h t he dewat er i ng syst em. Rel i eve hydr ost at i c head i n pr evi ous zones bel ow subgr ade el evat i on i n l ayer ed soi l s t o pr event upl i f t .

3. 1. 3 Under gr ound Ut i l i t i es

Locat i on of t he exi st i ng ut i l i t i es i ndi cat ed i s appr oxi mat e. The Cont r act or shal l physi cal l y ver i f y t he l ocat i on and el evat i on of t he exi st i ng ut i l i t i es i ndi cat ed pr i or t o st ar t i ng const r uct i on. The Cont r act or shal l cont act t he Publ i c Wor ks and ut i l i t y compani es f or assi st ance i n l ocat i ng exi st i ng ut i l i t i es.

3. 1. 4 Machi ner y and Equi pment

Movement of const r uct i on machi ner y and equi pment over pi pes dur i ng const r uct i on shal l be at t he Cont r act or ' s r i sk. Repai r , or r emove and pr ovi de new pi pe f or exi st i ng or newl y i nst al l ed pi pe t hat has been di spl aced or damaged.

3. 2 SURFACE PREPARATI ON

3. 2. 1 Cl ear i ng and Gr ubbi ng

Unl ess i ndi cat ed ot her wi se, r emove t r ees, st umps, l ogs, shr ubs, br ush and veget at i on and ot her i t ems t hat woul d i nt er f er e wi t h const r uct i on oper at i ons wi t hi n t he c l ear i ng l i mi t s. Remove st umps ent i r el y. Gr ub out mat t ed r oot s and r oot s over 2 i nches i n di amet er t o at l east 18 i nches bel ow exi st i ng sur f ace.

3. 2. 2 St r i ppi ng

St r i p sui t abl e soi l f r om t he s i t e wher e excavat i on or gr adi ng i s i ndi cat ed and st ockpi l e separ at el y f r om ot her excavat ed mat er i al . Mat er i al unsui t abl e f or use as t opsoi l shal l be st ockpi l ed and used f or backf i l l i ng. Locat e t opsoi l so t hat t he mat er i al can be used r eadi l y f or t he f i ni shed gr adi ng. Wher e suf f i c i ent exi st i ng t opsoi l conf or mi ng t o t he mat er i al r equi r ement s i s not avai l abl e on s i t e, pr ovi de bor r ow mat er i al s sui t abl e f or use as t opsoi l . Pr ot ect t opsoi l and keep i n segr egat ed pi l es unt i l needed.

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3. 2. 3 Unsui t abl e Mat er i al

Remove veget at i on, debr i s, decayed veget abl e mat t er , sod, mul ch, and r ubbi sh under neat h paved ar eas or concr et e s l abs.

3. 3 EXCAVATI ON

Excavat e t o cont our s, el evat i on, and di mensi ons i ndi cat ed. Reuse excavat ed mat er i al s t hat meet t he speci f i ed r equi r ement s f or t he mat er i al t ype r equi r ed at t he i nt ended l ocat i on. Keep excavat i ons f r ee f r om wat er .

Excavat e soi l di st ur bed or weakened by Cont r act or ' s oper at i ons, soi l s sof t ened or made unsui t abl e f or subsequent const r uct i on due t o exposur e t o weat her . Excavat i ons bel ow i ndi cat ed dept hs wi l l not be per mi t t ed except t o r emove unsat i sf act or y mat er i al . Unsat i sf act or y mat er i al encount er ed bel ow t he gr ades shown shal l be r emoved as di r ect ed. Unl ess speci f i ed ot her wi se, r ef i l l excavat i ons cut bel ow i ndi cat ed dept h as di r ect ed.

Sat i sf act or y mat er i al r emoved bel ow t he dept hs i ndi cat ed, wi t hout speci f i c di r ect i on of t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer , shal l be r epl aced wi t h sat i sf act or y mat er i al s t o t he i ndi cat ed excavat i on gr ade; except as speci f i ed f or spr ead f oot i ngs. Det er mi nat i on of el evat i ons and measur ement s of appr oved over dept h excavat i on of unsat i sf act or y mat er i al bel ow gr ades i ndi cat ed shal l be done under t he di r ect i on of t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer .

3. 3. 1 St r uct ur es Wi t h Spr ead Foot i ngs

Ensur e t hat f oot i ng subgr ades have been i nspect ed and appr oved by t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer pr i or t o concr et e pl acement . Fi l l over excavat i ons wi t h concr et e dur i ng f oundat i on pl acement .

3. 3. 2 Har d Mat er i al Excavat i on

Remove har d mat er i al t o el evat i ons i ndi cat ed i n a manner t hat wi l l l eave f oundat i on mat er i al i n an unshat t er ed and sol i d condi t i on. Roughen l evel sur f aces and cut s l oped sur f aces i nt o benches f or bond wi t h concr et e.

Pr ot ect shal e f r om condi t i ons causi ng decomposi t i on al ong j oi nt s or c l eavage pl anes and ot her t ypes of er osi on. Removal of har d mat er i al beyond l i nes and gr ades i ndi cat ed wi l l not be gr ounds f or a c l ai m f or addi t i onal payment unl ess pr evi ousl y aut hor i zed by t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer . Excavat i on of t he mat er i al c l ai med as r ock shal l not be per f or med unt i l t he mat er i al has been cr oss sect i oned by t he Cont r act or and appr oved by t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer . Common excavat i on shal l consi st of al l excavat i on not c l assi f i ed as r ock excavat i on.

3. 3. 3 Excavat ed Mat er i al s

Sat i sf act or y excavat ed mat er i al r equi r ed f or f i l l or backf i l l shal l be pl aced i n t he pr oper sect i on of t he per manent wor k r equi r ed or shal l be separ at el y st ockpi l ed i f i t cannot be r eadi l y pl aced. Sat i sf act or y mat er i al i n excess of t hat r equi r ed f or t he per manent wor k and al l unsat i sf act or y mat er i al shal l be di sposed of as speci f i ed i n Par agr aph " DI SPOSI TI ON OF

SURPLUS MATERI AL. "

3. 3. 4 Fi nal Gr ade of Sur f aces t o Suppor t Concr et e

Excavat i on t o f i nal gr ade shal l not be made unt i l j ust bef or e concr et e i s t o be pl aced. For pi l e f oundat i ons, t he excavat i on shal l be st opped at an elevation 6 t o 12 i nches above t he bot t om of t he f oot i ng bef or e dr i v i ng pi l es. Af t er pi l e dr i v i ng has been compl et ed, t he r emai nder of t he excavat i on shal l be compl et ed t o t he el evat i ons shown. Onl y excavat i on

SECTI ON 31 23 00. 00 20 Page 9 met hods t hat wi l l l eave t he f oundat i on r ock i n a sol i d and unshat t er ed condi t i on shal l be used. Appr oxi mat el y l evel sur f aces shal l be r oughened, and sl oped sur f aces shal l be cut as i ndi cat ed i nt o r ough st eps or benches t o pr ovi de a sat i sf act or y bond. Shal es shal l be pr ot ect ed f r om sl aki ng and al l sur f aces shal l be pr ot ect ed f r om er osi on r esul t i ng f r om pondi ng or f l ow of wat er .

3. 4 SUBGRADE PREPARATI ON

Unsat i sf act or y mat er i al i n sur f aces t o r ecei ve f i l l or i n excavat ed ar eas shal l be r emoved and r epl aced wi t h sat i sf act or y mat er i al s as di r ect ed by t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer . The sur f ace shal l be scar i f i ed t o a dept h of 6 inches bef or e t he f i l l i s st ar t ed. Sl oped sur f aces st eeper t han 1 ver t i cal t o 4 hor i zont al shal l be pl owed, st epped, benched, or br oken up so t hat t he f i l l mat er i al wi l l bond wi t h t he exi st i ng mat er i al . When subgr ades ar e l ess t han t he speci f i ed densi t y, t he gr ound sur f ace shal l be br oken up t o a mi ni mum dept h of 6 i nches, pul ver i zed, and compact ed t o t he speci f i ed densi t y. When t he subgr ade i s par t f i l l and par t excavat i on or nat ur al gr ound, t he excavat ed or nat ur al gr ound por t i on shal l be scar i f i ed t o a dept h of 12 i nches and compact ed as speci f i ed f or t he adj acent f i l l .

Mat er i al shal l not be pl aced on sur f aces t hat ar e muddy, f r ozen, or cont ai n f r ost . Compact i on shal l be accompl i shed by sheepsf oot r ol l er s, pneumat i c- t i r ed r ol l er s, st eel - wheel ed r ol l er s, or ot her appr oved equi pment wel l sui t ed t o t he soi l bei ng compact ed. Mat er i al shal l be moi st ened or aer at ed as necessar y t o pl us or mi nus 3 per cent of opt i mum moi st ur e t o pr ovi de t he moi st ur e cont ent t hat wi l l r eadi l y f ac i l i t at e obt ai ni ng t he speci f i ed compact i on wi t h t he equi pment used. Mi ni mum subgr ade densi t y shal l be as speci f i ed her ei n.

3. 4. 1 Pr oof Rol l i ng

Pr oof r ol l i ng shal l be done on an exposed subgr ade f r ee of sur f ace wat er ( wet condi t i ons r esul t i ng f r om r ai nf al l ) whi ch woul d pr omot e degr adat i on of an ot her wi se accept abl e subgr ade. Af t er st r i ppi ng, pr oof r ol l t he exi st i ng subgr ade of t he base sl ab wi t h s i x passes of a mi ni mum 15 t on, smoot h dr um vi br at or y or pneumat i c- t i r ed r ol l er . Oper at e t he r ol l er i n a syst emat i c manner t o ensur e t he number of passes over al l ar eas, and at speeds bet ween 2 1/ 2 t o 3 1/ 2 mi l es per hour . Not i f y t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer a mi ni mum of 3 days pr i or t o pr oof r ol l i ng. Pr oof r ol l i ng shal l be per f or med i n t he pr esence of t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer . Rut t i ng or pumpi ng of mat er i al shal l be under cut t o a dept h of 6 i nches and r epl aced wi t h f i l l and backf i l l sel ect mat er i al . Bi ds shal l be based on r epl aci ng appr oxi mat el y 500 squar e yards , wi t h an aver age dept h of 6 i nches at var i ous l ocat i ons.

3. 4. 2 Subgr ade Pr epar at i on f or St r uct ur es

The f i nal 2 f eet of excavat i on t o subgr ade f or t he cul ver t , wi ngwal l s and apr on f oundat i ons shal l be per f or med usi ng equi pment oper at i ng at l east 2 f eet above subgr ade, or by r each of equi pment , or usi ng t i mber mat s. The f i nal pass of excavat i on shoul d be made wi t h a smoot h t ool , such as a backhoe bucket wi t h t he t eet h shi el ded wi t h a met al pl at e. I f a t oot hed bucket i s used, a smoot h bot t om consi st i ng of undi st ur bed mat er i al shal l be pr ovi ded by hand excavat i on and r emoval of l oosened mat er i al . Subgr ade shal l be f r ee of wat er . Subgr ade sl opes shal l be no st eeper t han 1V: 10H;

benchi ng shal l be used t o f l at t en excessi ve s l opes. I mmedi at el y af t er exposur e, t he subgr ade shal l be i nspect ed by a qual i f i ed and exper i enced geot echni cal engi neer . Once appr oved, f oundat i on subgr ades shoul d be pr ot ect ed by a concr et e mud mat at l east 3 i nches t hi ck or a mi ni mum 6 i nch t hi ckness of compact ed DGA, or t he f oundat i on cast t he same day. I f

SECTI ON 31 23 00. 00 20 Page 10 over excavat i on i s r equi r ed t o r each sui t abl e mat er i al , t he over excavat ed vol ume shal l be f i l l ed wi t h compact ed DGA, f l owabl e f i l l , or l ean concr et e.

3. 5 FI LLI NG AND BACKFI LLI NG

Fi l l and backf i l l t o cont our s, el evat i ons, and di mensi ons i ndi cat ed.

Compact each l i f t bef or e pl aci ng over l ayi ng l i f t .

3. 5. 1 Common Fi l l Pl acement

Pr ovi de f or gener al s i t e. Use sat i sf act or y mat er i al s. Pl ace i n 6 i nch l i f t s . Compact ar eas not accessi bl e t o r ol l er s or compact or s wi t h mechani cal hand t amper s. Aer at e mat er i al excessi vel y moi st ened by r ai n t o a sat i sf act or y moi st ur e cont ent . Fi ni sh t o a smoot h sur f ace by bl adi ng, r ol l i ng wi t h a smoot h r ol l er , or bot h.

3. 5. 2 Backf i l l and Fi l l Mat er i al Pl acement

Pr ovi de f or paved ar eas and under concr et e s l abs, except wher e sel ect mat er i al i s pr ovi ded. Pl ace i n 6 i nch l i f t s . Do not pl ace over wet or f r ozen ar eas. Pl ace backf i l l mat er i al adj acent t o st r uct ur es as t he st r uct ur al el ement s ar e compl et ed and accept ed. Backf i l l agai nst concr et e onl y when appr oved. Pl ace and compact mat er i al t o avoi d l oadi ng upon or agai nst t he st r uct ur e.

3. 5. 3 Sel ect Mat er i al and DGA Pl acement

Pr ovi de under st r uct ur es not pi l e suppor t ed or wi t hi n t he l evee f oot pr i nt .

Pl ace i n 6 i nch l i f t s . Do not pl ace over wet or f r ozen ar eas. Backf i l l adj acent t o st r uct ur es shal l be pl aced as st r uct ur al el ement s ar e compl et ed and accept ed. Backf i l l agai nst concr et e onl y when appr oved. Pl ace and compact mat er i al t o avoi d l oadi ng upon or agai nst st r uct ur e.

3. 5. 4 Backf i l l and Fi l l Mat er i al Pl acement at Wal l s

Backf i l l i ng shal l not begi n unt i l const r uct i on bel ow f i ni sh gr ade has been appr oved, under gr ound ut i l i t i es syst ems have been i nspect ed, t est ed and appr oved, f or ms r emoved, and t he excavat i on c l eaned of t r ash and debr i s.

Backf i l l shal l be br ought t o i ndi cat ed f i ni sh gr ade. Wher e pi pe i s coat ed or wr apped f or pr ot ect i on agai nst cor r osi on, t he backf i l l mat er i al up t o an elevation 2 f eet above sewer l i nes and 1 f oot above ot her ut i l i t y l i nes shal l be f r ee f r om st ones l ar ger t han 1 i nch i n any di mensi on. Heavy equi pment f or spr eadi ng and compact i ng backf i l l shal l not be oper at ed c l oser t o f oundat i on or r et ai ni ng wal l s t han a di st ance equal t o t he hei ght of backf i l l above t he t op of f oot i ng; t he ar ea r emai ni ng shal l be compact ed i n l ayer s not mor e t han 4 i nches i n compact ed t hi ckness wi t h power - dr i ven hand t amper s sui t abl e f or t he mat er i al bei ng compact ed. Backf i l l shal l not be pl aced agai nst f oundat i on wal l s pr i or t o 7 days af t er compl et i on of t he wal l s or 10 days bet ween November and Apr i l , t emper at ur es per mi t t i ng. As f ar as pr act i cabl e, backf i l l shal l be br ought up evenl y on each si de of t he wal l and s l oped t o dr ai n away f r om t he wal l .

3. 6 BORROW

Wher e sat i sf act or y mat er i al s ar e not avai l abl e i n suf f i c i ent quant i t y f r om r equi r ed excavat i ons, appr oved bor r ow mat er i al s shal l be obt ai ned as speci f i ed her ei n.

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3. 7 COMPACTI ON

Det er mi ne i n- pl ace densi t y of exi st i ng subgr ade; i f r equi r ed densi t y exi st s, no compact i on of exi st i ng subgr ade wi l l be r equi r ed. Densi t y r equi r ement s speci f i ed her ei n ar e f or cohesi onl ess mat er i al s. When cohesi ve mat er i al s ar e encount er ed or used, densi t y r equi r ement s may be r educed by 5 per cent .

3. 7. 1 Gener al Si t e

Compact under neat h ar eas desi gnat ed f or veget at i on and ar eas out s i de t he 5 foot l i ne of t he paved ar ea or st r uct ur e t o 95 per cent of ASTM D1557.

3. 7. 2 St r uct ur es, Spr ead Foot i ngs, and Concr et e Sl abs

Compact t op 12 i nches of subgr ades t o 95 per cent of ASTM D1557. Compact sel ect mat er i al t o 95 per cent of ASTM D1557.

3. 7. 3 Adj acent Ar ea

Compact ar eas wi t hi n 5 f eet of st r uct ur es t o 95 per cent of ASTM D1557.

3. 7. 4 Paved Ar eas

Compact t op 12 i nches of subgr ades t o 95 per cent of ASTM D1557.

3. 8 FI NI SH OPERATI ONS

3. 8. 1 Gr adi ng

Fi ni sh gr ades as i ndi cat ed wi t hi n one- t ent h of one f oot . Gr ade ar eas t o dr ai n wat er away f r om st r uct ur es. Mai nt ai n ar eas f r ee of t r ash and debr i s. For exi st i ng gr ades t hat wi l l r emai n but whi ch wer e di st ur bed by Cont r act or ' s oper at i ons, gr ade as di r ect ed.

3. 8. 2 Topsoi l and Seed

Pr ovi de as speci f i ed i n Sect i on 32 92 19, TOPSOI L AND SEEDI NG.

3. 8. 3 Pr ot ect i on of Sur f aces

Pr ot ect newl y backf i l l ed, gr aded, and t opsoi l ed ar eas f r om t r af f i c , er osi on, and set t l ement s t hat may occur . Repai r or r eest abl i sh damaged gr ades, el evat i ons, or s l opes.

3. 9 DI SPOSI TI ON OF SURPLUS MATERI AL

Remove f r om Gover nment pr oper t y sur pl us or ot her soi l mat er i al not r equi r ed or sui t abl e f or f i l l i ng or backf i l l i ng, and br ush, r ef use, st umps, r oot s, and t i mber .

3. 10 FI ELD QUALI TY CONTROL

3. 10. 1 Sampl i ng

Take t he number and si ze of sampl es r equi r ed t o per f or m t he f ol l owi ng t est s.

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3. 10. 2 Test i ng

Per f or m one of each of t he f ol l owi ng t est s f or each mat er i al used. Pr ovi de addi t i onal t est s f or each sour ce change.

3. 10. 2. 1 Fi l l and Backf i l l Mat er i al Test i ng

Test f i l l and backf i l l mat er i al i n accor dance wi t h ASTM C136/ C136M f or conf or mance t o ASTM D2487 gr adat i on l i mi t s; ASTM D1140 f or mat er i al f i ner t han t he No. 200 si eve; ASTM D4318 f or l i qui d l i mi t and f or pl ast i c l i mi t ;

ASTM D698 or ASTM D1557 f or moi st ur e densi t y r el at i ons, as appl i cabl e. Al l t est s shal l be per f or med at a f r equency of 1 t est per 1, 000 cubi c yar ds

3. 10. 2. 2 Sel ect Mat er i al Test i ng

Test sel ect mat er i al i n accor dance wi t h ASTM C136/ C136M f or conf or mance t o ASTM D2487 gr adat i on l i mi t s; ASTM D1140 f or mat er i al f i ner t han t he No. 200 sieve; ASTM D698 or ASTM D1557 f or moi st ur e densi t y r el at i ons, as appl i cabl e. Al l t est s shal l be per f or med at a f r equency of 1 t est per 1, 000 cubi c yar ds

3. 10. 2. 3 Por ous Fi l l Test i ng

Test por ous f i l l i n accor dance wi t h ASTM C136/ C136M f or conf or mance t o gr adat i on speci f i ed i n ASTM C33/ C33M.

3. 10. 2. 4 Densi t y Test s

Test densi t y i n accor dance wi t h ASTM D2922 and ASTM D3017.

Test each l i f t at r andoml y sel ect ed l ocat i ons ever y 2000 squar e f eet of exi st i ng gr ade i n f i l l s f or st r uct ur es and concr et e s l abs, and ever y 2500 squar e f eet f or ot her f i l l ar eas wi t h a mi ni mum of 2 t est s per l i f t .

I ncl ude densi t y t est r esul t s i n dai l y r epor t .

3. 10. 2. 5 Moi st ur e Cont ent Test s

I n t he st ockpi l e, excavat i on or bor r ow ar eas, a mi ni mum of t wo t est s per day per t ype of mat er i al or sour ce of mat er i al s bei ng pl aced i s r equi r ed dur i ng st abl e weat her condi t i ons. Dur i ng unst abl e weat her , t est s shal l be made as di ct at ed by l ocal condi t i ons and appr oved moi st ur e cont ent shal l be t est ed i n accor dance wi t h ASTM D2216. I ncl ude moi st ur e cont ent t est r esul t s i n dai l y r epor t .

3. 10. 2. 1 Dense Gr aded Aggr egat e ( DGA) Test s

For gr adat i on accept ance, sampl e DGA accor di ng t o ASTM D75 f or each 500 cubi c yar ds. Pr oduce DGA f r om br oken st one conf or mi ng t o NJDOT St andar d Speci f i cat i ons 2007 sect i on 901. 03. 01, cr ushed gr avel conf or mi ng t o NJDOT 2007 901. 03. 02, or bl ast f ur nace conf or mi ng t o NJDOT St andar d Speci f i cat i on 2007 sect i on 901. 04 except t hat at l east 90 per cent of al l f r agment s shal l cont ai n at l east one f r act ur ed f ace. Ensur e t hat t he moi st ur e cont ent of DGA i mmedi at el y bef or e pl acement i s 6 +/ - 2 per cent based on dr y wei ght . When t est ed accor di ng t o ASTM D4318, ensur e t hat t he por t i on passi ng No. 40 s i eve i s non- pl ast i c. Ensur e t he gr adat i on conf or ms t o t he r equi r ement s i n sect i on 2. 1. 10.

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2.3 CONTROL LOW STRENGTH MATERIAL CLSM