09_97_02_Painting.pdf

Green Brook Flood Risk Management Project Segment C2 - Contract 1

SECTION 09 97 02

PAINTING

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE

The work covered by this section consists of furnishing all plant, labor, materials, and performing all operations in connection with the preparation of surfaces and application of paint and other specified materials or coatings. This work shall be accomplished in complete and strict accordance with the specifications. Included within this specification section is the painting/coating of the cast-in-place concrete floodwall and steel micropile casings.

1.2 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM D7091 (2013) Standard Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals

INTERNATIONAL CONCRETE REPAIR INSTITUTE (ICRI)

ICRI 310.2R (2014) Selecting and Specifying Concrete Surface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, Polymer Overlays, and Concrete Repair

INTERNATIONAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT ASSOCIATION (ISEA)

ANSI/ISEA Z358.1 (2014) American National Standard for Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment

ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 (2015) American National Standard for Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)

NFPA 70 (2017) National Electrical Code

NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (NIOSH)

NIOSH 2003-154 (2003; 4th Ed; Supple 3) NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods

SECTION 09 97 02 Page 1

SOCIETY FOR PROTECTIVE COATINGS (SSPC)

SSPC 7/NACE No.4 (2007; E 2004) Brush-Off Blast Cleaning

SSPC Paint 16 (2006; R 2015; E 2015) Coal Tar Epoxy-Polyamide Black (or Dark Red) Paint

SSPC SP 1 (2015) Solvent Cleaning

SSPC SP 3 (1982; E 2004) Power Tool Cleaning

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (USACE)

EM 385-1-1 (2014) Safety and Health Requirements Manual

U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (NARA)

29 CFR 1910 Occupational Safety and Health Standards

29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory Protection

29 CFR 1910.146 Permit-required Confined Spaces

29 CFR 1910.20 Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records

29 CFR 1910.94 Ventilation

29 CFR 1926.62 Lead

40 CFR 261 Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste

40 CFR 262 Standards Applicable to Generators of Hazardous Waste

1.3 SAFETY, HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

Perform work in accordance with all applicable health, safety, and environmental requirements as well as EM 385-1-1. Submit matters of interpretation of these requirements to the Contracting Officer for resolution before starting work. If no clarifications are sought, then the submittal is not necessary. Where the regulations conflict, the most stringent requirements shall apply. This paragraph supplements the health, safety, and environmental requirements of EM 385-1-1.

1.3.1 Safety

Submit a Safety Plan in accordance with the requirements of Section 01 of EM 385-1-1, including, but not limited to, each of the topic areas listed in Appendix A therein and the specified requirements. Develop each topic in a concise manner to include management and operational aspects.

1.3.1.1 Abrasive Blasting

For abrasive blasting comply with the requirements in Section 06.I of EM 385-1-1. In addition to the requirements in Section 20 of EM 385-1-1, use hoses and hose connections of a type to prevent shock from static

SECTION 09 97 02 Page 2 electricity. Hose lengths shall be joined together by approved couplings of a material and type designed to prevent erosion and weakening of the couplings. The couplings and nozzle attachments shall fit on the outside of the hose and designed to prevent accidental disengagement.

1.3.1.2 Workers Other Than Blasters

Protect workers, other than blasting operators working in close proximity to abrasive blasting operations, by utilizing MSHA/NIOSH-approved half-face or full-face air purifying respirators equipped with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, eye protection meeting or exceeding ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 and hearing protectors (ear plugs and/or ear muffs) providing a noise reduction rating of at least 20 dBA or as needed to provide adequate protection. Personal protective equipment shall be provided where required by 29 CFR 1910.146 and in accordance with 29 CFR 1910, Subpart I.

1.3.1.3 Cleaning Before and After Abrasive Blasting

Cleaning with compressed air shall be in accordance with Section 20.B.5 of EM 385-1-1 and personnel shall be protected as specified in 29 CFR 1910.134.

When cleaning with solvents, provide ventilation where required by 29 CFR 1910.146 or where the concentration of solvent vapors exceeds 10 percent of the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL). Ventilation shall be in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.94, paragraph (c)(5).

1.3.1.4 Paint Mixing

Local exhaust ventilation shall be provided in the area where coatings are mixed. This ventilation system shall be capable of providing at least 100 linear fpm of capture velocity in the mixing zone. Exposure of skin and eyes shall be avoided by wearing appropriate chemically resistant gloves, apron, safety goggles, and face shields meeting or exceeding the requirements of ANSI/ISEA Z87.1. A combination unit, comprised of an eyewash and deluge shower, within close proximity to the mixing operation shall be provided in accordance with ANSI/ISEA Z358.1, paragraph (9).

Individuals who have a history of, or develop a sensitivity to epoxy or polyurethane resin systems, shall not conduct work tasks or otherwise be exposed to such chemicals

1.3.1.5 Paint Spraying

Submit a comprehensive written Respiratory Protection Plan in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.134, 29 CFR 1926.62, and Section 05.G of EM 385-1-1.

During all spray painting operations, spray painters shall use approved SCBA or SAR (air line) respirators, unless valid air sampling has demonstrated contaminant levels to be consistently within concentrations that are compatible with air-purifying respirator Assigned Protection Factor (APF). Persons with facial hair that interferes with the sealing surface of the facepiece to face seal or interferes with respirator valve function shall not be allowed to perform work requiring respiratory protection. Air-purifying chemical cartridge/canister half- or full-facepiece respirators that have a particulate prefilter and are suitable for the specific type(s) of gas/vapor and particulate contaminant(s) may be used for nonconfined space painting, mixing, and cleaning (using solvents). These respirators may be used provided the measured or anticipated concentration of the contaminant(s) in the breathing zone of the exposed worker does not exceed the APF for the respirator and the gas/vapor has good warning properties or the respirator

SECTION 09 97 02 Page 3 assembly is equipped with a NIOSH-approved end of service life indicator for the gas(es)/vapor anticipated or encountered. Where paint contains toxic elements that may become airborne during painting in nonconfined spaces, air-purifying half- and full-facepiece respirators or powered air-purifying respirators equipped with appropriate gas vapor cartridges, in combination with a high-efficiency filter, or an appropriate canister incorporating a high-efficiency filter, shall be used.

1.3.1.6 Explosion Proof Equipment

Electrical wiring, lights, and other equipment located in the paint spraying area shall be of the explosion proof type designed for operation in Class I, Division 1, Group D, hazardous locations as required by the NFPA 70. Electrical wiring, motors, and other equipment, outside of but within 20 feet of any spraying area, shall not spark and shall conform to the provisions for Class I, Division 2, Group D, hazardous locations.

Electric motors used to drive exhaust fans shall not be placed inside spraying areas or ducts. Fan blades and portable air ducts shall be constructed of nonferrous materials. Motors and associated control equipment shall be properly maintained and grounded. The metallic parts of air-moving devices, spray guns, connecting tubing, and duct work shall be electrically bonded and the bonded assembly shall be grounded.

1.3.1.7 Further Precautions

a. Workers must wear nonsparking safety shoes.

b. Place and ground solvent drums, taken into the spraying area, on nonferrous surfaces. Maintain metallic bonding between containers and drums when materials are being transferred.

c. Inspect insulation on all power and lighting cables to ensure that the insulation is in excellent working condition and is free of all cracks and worn spots. Cables shall be further inspected to ensure that no connections are within 50 feet of the operation, that lines are not overloaded, and that they are suspended with sufficient slack to prevent undue stress or chafing.

1.3.1.8 Ignition Sources

Ignition sources, to include lighted cigarettes, cigars, pipes, matches, or cigarette lighters shall be prohibited in area of solvent cleaning, paint storage, paint mixing, or paint application.

1.3.2 Health

Prepare and submit a Medical Surveillance Plan and a statement from the examining physician indicating the name of each employee evaluated and any limitations which will preclude the employee from performing the work required. The statement shall include the date of the medical evaluation, the physician's name, signature, and telephone number.

1.3.2.1 Air Monitoring

Prepare and submit an Air Monitoring Test Plan. Perform air sampling and testing as needed to assure that workers are not exposed to contaminants above the permissible exposure limit. In addition, provide the Contracting Officer with a copy of the Air Monitoring Test Report from the laboratory within five working days of the sampling date, including records of air

SECTION 09 97 02 Page 4 monitoring plans and tests performed. Submit reports as soon as information is available. Also provide results from direct-reading instrumentation on the same day the samples are collected. Prepare and submit an Airborne Sampling Plan detailing the NIOSH 2003-154, Factory Mutual, or Underwriters Laboratories approved equipment, equipment calibration procedures, sampling methods, sampling to be performed, and analytical procedures to be used based on the type of work to be performed and anticipated toxic contaminants to be generated. Include the name of the accredited laboratory, listed by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), to be used to conduct the analysis of any collected air samples.

1.3.2.2 Medical Status

Prior to the start of work, and annually thereafter, submit a Medical Status Report including records of medical tests. Medically evaluate all Contractor employees working with or around paint systems, thinners, blast media, those required to wear respiratory protective equipment, and those who will be exposed to high noise levels for the particular type of exposure they may encounter. Maintain medical records as required by 29 CFR 1910.20. The evaluation shall include:

a. Audiometric testing and evaluation of employees who will work in a noise environment with a time weighted average greater than or equal to 90 dBA.

b. Vision screening (employees who use full-facepiece respirators shall not wear contact lenses).

c. Medical evaluation shall include, but shall not be limited to, the following:

(1) Medical history including, but not limited to, alcohol use, with emphasis on liver, kidney, and pulmonary systems, and sensitivity to chemicals to be used on the job.

(2) General physical examination with emphasis on liver, kidney, and pulmonary system.

(3) Determination of the employee's physical and psychological ability to wear respiratory protective equipment and to perform job-related tasks.

(4) Determination of baseline values of biological indices for later comparison to changes associated with exposure to paint systems and thinners or blast media, which include: liver function tests to include SGOT, SGPT, GGPT, alkaline phosphates, bilirubin, complete urinalysis, EKG (employees over age 40), blood urea nitrogen (bun), serum creatinine, pulmonary function test, FVC, and FEV, chest x-ray (if medically indicated), blood lead and ZPP (for individuals where it is known there will be an exposure to materials containing lead), other criteria that may be deemed necessary by the Contractor's physician, and Physician's statements for individual employees that medical status would permit specific task performance.

1.3.2.3 Change in Medical Status

Any employee whose medical status has changed negatively due to work

SECTION 09 97 02 Page 5 related chemical and/or physical agent exposure while working with or around paint systems and thinners, blast media, or other chemicals shall be evaluated by a physician, and obtain a physicians statement as described in paragraph MEDICAL STATUS prior to allowing the employee to return to those work tasks. Submit a Change in Medical Status Report detailing any negative changes in employee medical status and the results of the physicians reevaluation statement.

1.3.3 Environmental Protection

Comply with the requirements of the Environmental Protection Plan as required by Section 01 57 19 TEMPORARY ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS.

1.3.3.1 Waste Classification, Handling, and Disposal

Prepare and submit a Waste Disposal Plan in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR 261 and 40 CFR 262 including classification and handling. The Contractor is responsible for assuring the proper disposal of all hazardous and nonhazardous waste generated during the project.

Store nonhazardous waste in closed containers separate from hazardous waste storage areas. Transport all nonhazardous waste in accordance with local regulations regarding waste transportation.

1.4 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government. Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00.00 18 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals

Safety Plan; G Respiratory Protection Plan; G Airborne Sampling Plan; G Medical Surveillance Plan; G Waste Disposal Plan; G Air Monitoring Test Plan; G

SD-03 Product Data

Manufacturer's Product Data Sheet for each type of paint/coating used; G

SD-04 Samples

Paint, thinner, and solvent product samples; G

SD-06 Test Reports

Inspection Reports Medical Status Report Change in Medical Status Report Air Monitoring Test Report

SD-07 Certificates

Certified EHS Professional

SECTION 09 97 02 Page 6

Coating Thickness Gage Qualification

1.5 QUALIFICATIONS

Qualifications and experience shall comply with the following.

1.5.1 Certified Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Professionals

Provide a certificate for each Certified EHS Professional; submit qualifications and experience of qualified and competent persons employed to provide preconstruction and onsite environmental, safety, and health services. Obtain acceptance of this submission prior to the submission of other required environmental, safety, and health submittal items. Utilize a qualified and competent person as defined in Section 01 of EM 385-1-1 to develop the required safety and health submittal and to provide onsite safety and health services during the contract period. The person shall be a Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH), an Industrial Hygienist (IH), or a Certified Safety Professional (CSP) with a minimum of 3 years of demonstrated experience in similar related work. The CIH, IH, or CSP may utilize other qualified and competent persons, as defined in EM 385-1-1, to conduct on-site safety and health activities as long as these persons have a minimum of 2 years of demonstrated experience in similar related work and are under the direct supervision of the CIH, IH, or CSP. For lead containing jobsites, the competent and qualified person shall have successfully completed an EPA or state accredited lead-based paint abatement Supervisor course specific to the work to be performed and shall possess current and valid state and/or local government certification, as required.

1.5.2 Coating Thickness Gage Qualification

Submit Coating Thickness Gage Qualification documentation of manufacturer's certification for all coating thickness gages. Magnetic flux thickness gages as described in ASTM D7091 shall be used to make all coating thickness measurements on ferrous metal substrates. Gages shall have an accuracy of +/- 3 percent or better. Gages to be used on the job shall be certified by the manufacturer as meeting these requirements.

1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

Process and package paints to ensure that within a period of one year from date of manufacture, they will not gel, liver, or thicken deleteriously, or form gas in the closed container. Paints, unless otherwise specified or permitted, shall be packaged in standard containers not larger than 5 gal, with removable friction or lug-type covers. Each container of paint or separately packaged component thereof shall be labeled to indicate the purchaser's order number, date of manufacture, manufacturer's batch number, quantity, color, component identification and designated name, and formula or specification number of the paint together with special labeling instructions, when specified. Paint shall be delivered to the job in unbroken containers. Paints that can be harmed by exposure to cold weather shall be stored in ventilated, heated shelters. All paints shall be stored under cover from the elements and in locations free from sparks and flames.

1.7 AMBIENT CONDITIONS

Paint shall be applied only to surfaces that are above the dew point temperature and that are completely free of moisture as determined by sight and touch. Paint shall not be applied to surfaces upon which there is

SECTION 09 97 02 Page 7 detectable frost or ice. Except as otherwise specified, the temperature of the surfaces to be painted and of air in contact therewith shall be not less than 45 degrees F during paint application nor shall paint be applied if the surfaces can be expected to drop to 32 degrees F or lower before the film has dried to a reasonably firm condition. During periods of inclement weather, painting may be continued by enclosing the surfaces and applying artificial heat, provided the minimum temperatures and surface dryness requirements prescribed previously are maintained. Paint shall not be applied to surfaces heated by direct sunlight or other sources to temperatures that will cause detrimental blistering, pinholing, or porosity of the film.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

Paint, thinner, and solvent product samples of each batch of material shall be submitted to the Government for testing. Submit Manufacturer's Product Data Sheet for each type of paint/coating used; for products that are specified to be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, submit the paint manufacturer's product data sheet or other written instructions for those products. Submit samples of all special paint formula, Military, Master Painter Institute, and SSPC paints and samples of solvents or thinners used to reduce the viscosity of the paint. Allow at least 30 days for sampling and testing of samples of paints and thinners. Sampling may be at the jobsite or source of supply.

Notify the Contracting Officer when the paint and thinner are available for sampling. Sampling of each batch will be witnessed by the Contracting Officer unless otherwise specified or directed. Submit a 1-quart sample of paint and thinner for each batch proposed for use. The sample shall be labeled to indicate formula or specification number and nomenclature, batch number, batch quantity, color, date made, and applicable project contract number. Testing will be performed by the Government. Costs for retesting rejected material will be the responsibility of the Contractor.

2.1 SPECIAL PAINT FORMULAS

Special paints shall have the composition as indicated in the formulas listed herein. Where so specified, certain components of a paint formulation shall be packaged in separate containers for mixing on the job. If not specified or otherwise prescribed, the color shall be that naturally obtained from the required pigmentation.

2.2 PAINT FORMULATIONS

Special paint formulas shall comply with the following:

2.2.1 Formula C-200a, Coal Tar-Epoxy (Black) Paint

The paint shall conform to SSPC Paint 16 manufactured with Type 1 pitch.

In addition to standard labeling, container labels shall include the term, Corps of Engineers Formula C-200a.

2.2.2 Concrete Floodwall Paint

2.2.2.1 Color Coats

Floodwall concrete color coats shall be a water-based, penetrating liquid polymer stain formulated for use on new concrete surfaces. Two complementary colors, matching the colors of the existing floodwalls, are required. Two coats of each color are required. The manufacturer shall

SECTION 09 97 02 Page 8 staudegm Highlight certify that the color coats are compatible with the anti-graffiti top coats.

Samples of both paint colors shall be applied to the sample panel in accordance with SECTION 03 11 13.00 10. The Contractor shall not proceed with painting the floodwalls until receiving approval by the Contracting Officer.

2.2.2.2 Anti-Graffiti Coats

Anti-graffiti coats to be applied over the color coats shall be a clear coating formulated to provide chemical and abrasion resistance to allow repeated removal of graffiti with solvents and cleaning agents. Two coats are required. The coats may be identical formulations or may consist of an undercoat and top coat. The manufacturer shall certify that the anti-graffiti coats are compatible with the underlying color coats.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 CLEANING AND PREPARATION OF SURFACES TO BE PAINTED

3.1.1 General Requirements

Clean surfaces to be painted before applying paint or surface treatments.

Remove deposits of grease or oil in accordance with SSPC SP 1, prior to mechanical cleaning. Solvent cleaning shall be accomplished with mineral spirits or other low toxicity solvents having a flash point above 100 degrees F. Use clean cloths and clean fluids to avoid leaving a thin film of greasy residue on the surfaces being cleaned. Protect items not to be prepared or coated from damage by the surface preparation methods.

Machinery shall be protected against entry of blast abrasive and dust into working parts. Cleaning and painting shall be so programmed that dust or other contaminants from the cleaning process do not fall on wet, newly painted surfaces, and surfaces not intended to be painted shall be suitably protected from the effects of cleaning and painting operations. Welding of, or in the vicinity of, previously painted surfaces shall be conducted in a manner to prevent weld spatter from striking the paint and to otherwise reduce coating damage to a minimum; paint damaged by welding operations shall be restored to original condition. Surfaces to be painted that will be inaccessible after construction, erection, or installation operations are completed shall be painted before they become inaccessible.

3.1.2 Ferrous Surfaces Subject to Atmospheric Exposures

Ferrous surfaces that are to be continuously in exterior or interior atmospheric exposure and other surfaces as directed shall be cleaned by means of power tools or by dry blasting to the brush-off grade. Cleaning and priming shall be done in the shop unless otherwise directed or permitted. Power tool cleaning shall conform to the requirements of SSPC SP 3. Brush-off blast cleaning shall conform to the requirements of SSPC 7/NACE No.4. Welds and adjoining surfaces within a few inches thereof shall be cleaned of weld flux, spatter, and other harmful deposits by blasting, power impact tools, power wire brush, or such combination of these and other methods as may be necessary for complete removal of each type of deposit. The combination of cleaning methods need not include blasting when preparation of the overall surfaces is carried out by the power tool method. However, brush scrubbing and rinsing with clean water, after mechanical cleaning is completed, will be required unless the latter is carried out with thoroughness to remove all soluble alkaline deposits.

SECTION 09 97 02 Page 9

Wetting of the surfaces during water-washing operations shall be limited to the weld area required to be treated, and such areas shall be dry before painting. Welds and adjacent surfaces cleaned thoroughly by blasting alone will be considered adequately prepared provided that weld spatter not dislodged by the blast stream shall be removed with impact or grinding tools. All surfaces shall be primed as soon as practicable after cleaning and in all cases prior to contamination or deterioration of the prepared surfaces. To the greatest degree possible, steel surfaces shall be cleaned (and primed) prior to lengthy outdoor storage.

3.2 PAINT APPLICATION

3.2.1 General

The finished coating shall be free from holidays, pinholes, bubbles, runs, drops, ridges, waves, laps, excessive or unsightly brush marks, and variations in color, texture, and gloss. Application of initial or subsequent coatings shall not commence until the Contracting Officer has verified that atmospheric conditions and the surfaces to be coated are satisfactory. Each paint coat shall be applied in a manner that will produce an even, continuous film of uniform thickness. Edges, corners, crevices, seams, joints, welds, rivets, corrosion pits, and other surface irregularities shall receive special attention to ensure that they receive an adequate thickness of paint. Spray equipment shall be equipped with traps and separators and where appropriate, mechanical agitators, pressure gauges, pressure regulators, and screens or filters. Air caps, nozzles, and needles shall be as recommended by the spray equipment manufacturer for the material being applied. Airless-type spray equipment may be used only on broad, flat, or otherwise simply configured surfaces, except that it may be employed for general painting if the spray gun is equipped with dual or adjustable tips of proper types and orifice sizes. Airless-type equipment shall not be used for the application of vinyl paints.

3.2.2 Mixing and Thinning

Paints shall be thoroughly mixed, strained where necessary, and kept at a uniform composition and consistency during application. Dry-powder pigments specified to be added at the time of use shall, with the aid of powered stirrers, be incorporated into the vehicle or base paint in a manner that will produce a smooth, homogeneous mixture free of lumps and dry particles. Where necessary to suit conditions of the surface temperature, weather, and method of application, the paint may be thinned immediately prior to use. Thinning shall generally be limited to the addition of not more than 1 pint per gal of the proper thinner; this general limitation shall not apply when more specific thinning instructions are provided. Paint that has been stored at low temperature, shall be brought up to at least 70 degrees F before being mixed and thinned, and its temperature in the spray tank or other working container shall not fall below 60 degrees F during the application. Paint that has deteriorated in any manner to a degree that it cannot be restored to essentially its original condition by customary field-mixing methods shall not be used and shall be removed from the project site. Paint and thinner that is more than 1 year old shall be resampled and resubmitted for testing to determine its suitability for application. Moisture cure urethane paint shall be resampled and resubmitted for testing to determine its suitability for application whenever the paint is more than six months old as indicated by the date of manufacture on the container.

SECTION 09 97 02 Page 10

3.2.3 Time Between Surface Preparation and Painting

Surfaces that have been cleaned and/or otherwise prepared for painting shall be primed as soon as practicable after such preparation has been completed but, in any event, prior to any deterioration of the prepared surface.

3.2.4 Method of Paint Application

Unless otherwise specified, paint shall be applied by brush, roller, or spray to ferrous metal surfaces. Special attention shall be directed toward ensuring adequate coverage of edges, corners, crevices, pits, rivets, bolts, welds, and similar surface irregularities. Other methods of application to metal surfaces shall be subject to the specific approval of the Contracting Officer. Paint on concrete or other nonmetallic surfaces shall be applied by brush, roller, and/or spray as recommended by the paint manufacturer.

Method of application of the anti-graffiti coating system to concrete shall be as recommended by the coating manufacturer.

3.2.5 Coverage and Film Thickness

Film thickness or spreading rates shall be as specified hereinafter. Where no spreading rate is specified, the paint shall be applied at a rate consistent with the manufacturer's written instructions. In any event, the combined coats of a specified paint system shall completely hide base surface and the finish coats shall completely hide undercoats of dissimilar color.

3.2.5.1 Measurement on Ferrous Metal

Where dry film thickness requirements are specified for coatings on ferrous surfaces, measurements shall be made with a gage qualified in accordance with paragraph Coating Thickness Gage Qualification. They shall be calibrated and used in accordance with ASTM D7091. Prior to each use the Base Metal Reading (BMR) shall be established for the gage as specified in the test method. Accuracy of the gage shall be verified using plastic shims as specified by the test method both prior to and following each set of measurements. Frequency of measurements shall be as recommended for field measurements by ASTM D7091, except that measurements shall be performed on all areas of the structure being coated. Thickness measurements shall be reported as the mean for each spot determination.

3.2.6 Progress of Painting Work

Where field painting on any type of surface has commenced, the complete painting operation, including priming and finishing coats, on that portion of the work shall be completed as soon as practicable, without prolonged delays. Sufficient time shall elapse between successive coats to permit them to dry properly for recoating, and this period shall be modified as necessary to suit adverse weather conditions. Paint shall be considered dry for recoating when it feels firm, does not deform or feel sticky under moderate pressure of the finger, and the application of another coat of paint does not cause film irregularities such as lifting or loss of adhesion of the undercoat. All coats of all painted surfaces shall be unscarred and completely integral at the time of application of succeeding coats. At the time of application of each successive coat, undercoats shall be cleaned of dust, grease, overspray, or foreign matter by means of

SECTION 09 97 02 Page 11 airblast, solvent cleaning, or other suitable means. Cement and mortar deposits on painted steel surfaces, not satisfactorily removed by ordinary cleaning methods, shall be brush-off blast cleaned and completely repainted as required. Undercoats of high gloss shall, if necessary for establishment of good adhesion, be scuff sanded, solvent wiped, or otherwise treated prior to application of a succeeding coat. Field coats on metal shall be applied after erection except as otherwise specified and except for surfaces to be painted that will become inaccessible after erection.

3.2.7 Protection of Painted Surfaces

Where shelter and/or heat are provided for painted surfaces during inclement weather, such protective measures shall be maintained until the paint film has dried and discontinuance of the measures is authorized.

Items that have been painted shall not be handled, worked on, or otherwise disturbed until the paint coat is fully dry and hard. All metalwork coated in the shop or field prior to final erection shall be stored out of contact with the ground in a manner and location that will minimize the formation of water-holding pockets; soiling, contamination, and deterioration of the paint film, and damaged areas of paint on such metalwork shall be cleaned and touched up without delay. The first field coat of paint shall be applied within a reasonable period of time after the shop coat and in any event before weathering of the shop coat becomes extensive.

3.2.8 Coal Tar-Epoxy (Black) Paint (Formula C-200a)

3.2.8.1 Mixing

Component B shall be added to previously stirred Component A and thoroughly mixed together with a heavy-duty mechanical stirrer just prior to use. The use of not more than 1 pint of xylene thinner per 1 gal of paint will be permitted to improve application properties and extend pot life. The pot life of the mixed paint, extended by permissible thinning, may vary from 2 hours in very warm weather to 5 or more hours in cool weather. Pot life in warm weather may be extended by precooling the components prior to mixing;

cooling the mixed material; and/or by slow, continuous stirring during the application period. The mixed material shall be applied before unreasonable increases in viscosity take place.

3.2.8.2 Application

Spray guns shall be of the conventional type equipped with a fluid tip of approximately 0.09 inch in diameter and external atomization, seven-hole air cap. Material shall be supplied to the spray gun from a bottom withdrawal pot or by means of a fluid pump; hose shall be 1/2 inch in diameter. Atomization air pressure shall not be less than 80 psi.

High-pressure airless spray equipment may be used only on broad, simply configured surfaces. Brush application shall be with a stiff-bristled tool heavily laden with material and wielded in a manner to spread the coating smoothly and quickly without excessive brushing. The coverage rate of the material is approximately 110 square feet/gal per coat to obtain 20 mils (dry thickness) in a two-coat system. The paint shall flow together and provide a coherent, pinhole-free film. The direction of the spray passes (or finish strokes if brushed) of the second coat shall be at right angles to those of the first where practicable.

SECTION 09 97 02 Page 12

3.2.8.3 Subsequent Coats

Except at the high temperatures discussed later in this paragraph, the drying time between coal tar-epoxy coats shall not be more than 72 hours, and application of a subsequent coat as soon as the undercoat is reasonably firm is strongly encouraged. Where the temperature for substrate or coating surfaces during application or curing exceeds or can be expected to exceed 125 degrees F as the result of direct exposure to sunlight, the surfaces shall be shaded by overhead cover or the interval between coats shall be reduced as may be found necessary to avoid poor intercoat adhesion. Here, poor intercoat adhesion is defined as the inability of two or more dried coats of coal tar-epoxy paint to resist delamination when tested aggressively with a sharp knife. Under the most extreme conditions involving high ambient temperatures and sun-exposed surfaces, the drying time between coats shall not exceed 10 hours, and the reduction of this interval to a few hours or less is strongly encouraged. Where the curing time of a coal tar-epoxy undercoat exceeds 72 hours of curing at normal temperatures, 10 hours at extreme conditions, or where the undercoat develops a heavy blush, it shall be given one of the following treatments before the subsequent coat is applied:

a. Etch the coating surface lightly by brush-off blasting, using fine sand, low air pressure, and a nozzle-to-surface distance of approximately 3 feet.

b. Remove the blush and/or soften the surface of the coating by wiping it with cloths dampened with 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The solvents may be applied to the surface by fog spraying followed by wiping, but any puddles of solvent shall be mopped up immediately after they form.

Apply the subsequent coat in not less than 15 minutes or more than 3 hours after the solvent treatment.

3.2.8.4 Ambient Temperature

Coal tar-epoxy paint shall not be applied when the receiving surface or the ambient air is below 50 degrees F nor unless it can be reasonably anticipated that the average ambient temperature will be 50 degrees F or higher for the 5-day period subsequent to the application of any coat.

3.2.8.5 Safety

In addition to the safety provisions in paragraph SAFETY, HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENT, other workmen as well as painters shall avoid inhaling atomized particles of coal tar-epoxy paint and contact of the paint with the skin.

3.3 PAINT SYSTEMS APPLICATION

The required paint systems and the surfaces to which they shall be applied are shown in this paragraph, and/or on the Contract Drawings.

Supplementary information follows.

3.3.1 Fabricated and Assembled Items

Items that have been fabricated and/or assembled into essentially their final form and that are customarily cleaned and painted in accordance with the manufacturer's standard practice will be exempted from equivalent surface preparation and painting requirements described herein, provided that:

SECTION 09 97 02 Page 13

a. Surfaces primed (only) in accordance with such standard practices are compatible with specified field-applied finish coats.

b. Surfaces that have been primed and finish painted in accordance with the manufacturer's standard practice are of acceptable color and are capable of being satisfactorily touched up in the field.

c. Items expressly designated herein to be cleaned and painted in a specified manner are not coated in accordance with the manufacturer's standard practice if different from that specified herein.

3.3.2 Surface Preparation

The method of surface preparation and pretreatment shown in the tabulation of paint systems is for identification purposes only. Cleaning and pretreatment of surfaces prior to painting shall be accomplished in accordance with detailed requirements previously described.

3.3.3 System No. 6

Paint shall be spray or brush applied with a minimum of two coats to provide a minimum total thickness at any point of 16 mils. The specified film thickness shall be attained in any event, and any additional (beyond two) coats needed to attain the specified thickness shall be applied at no additional cost to the Government.

3.3.4 System No. 25

Coatings shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations at the recommended coverage rate. Paint colors used shall be applied in the locations shown on the Contract Drawings and as described herein.

3.3.5 Protection of Nonpainted Items and Cleanup

Non-painted items in the vicinity of the surfaces being painted shall be maintained free from damage by paint or painting activities. Paint spillage and painting activity damage shall be promptly repaired.

3.4 INSPECTION

Inspect and document all work phases and operations on a daily basis.

Submit daily Inspection Reports. As a minimum the daily report shall contain the following:

a. Inspections performed, including the area of the structure involved and the results of the inspection.

b. Surface preparation operations performed, including the area of the structure involved, the mode of preparation, the kinds of solvent, abrasive, or power tools employed, and whether contract requirements were met.

c. Thinning operations performed, including thinners used, batch numbers, and thinner/paint volume ratios.

d. Application operations performed, including the area of the structure involved, mode of application employed, ambient temperature, substrate

SECTION 09 97 02 Page 14 temperature, dew point, relative humidity, type of paint with batch numbers, elapsed time between surface preparation and application, elapsed time for recoat, condition of underlying coat, number of coats applied, and if specified, measured dry film thickness or spreading rate of each new coating.

3.5 PAINTING SCHEDULES

SYSTEM NO. 6

Items or surfaces to be painted:

a. Steel Micropile Pipe Casing: The entire length of the casing shall be painted.

b. Steel Sheet Pile and Steel Sheet Pile Interlock Connectors: The entire length shall be painted both sides.

SURFACE PREPARATION: White metal blast cleaning 1st COAT: Coal tar epoxy C-200a (black) 2nd COAT: Coal tar epoxy C-200a (black) 3rd COAT: Coal tar epoxy C-200a (black) (if needed to attain required thickness)

SYSTEM NO. 25

Items or surfaces to be painted and coated:

a. Floodwall: The entire height of wall, both sides, from final grade to top of wall as well as the top flat surface of the wall shall be painted. This includes fluted fin areas and column areas. Paint color locations shall be as noted on the Contract Drawings.

PAINTING

Surface Preparation. All form tie holes, pin holes, voids and honeycombing shall be filled and all fins removed before coating. Surface shall be roughened as required to produce a CSP 2 surface profile in accordance with ICRI 310.2R-2014. Concrete shall have cured for a minimum of 28 days before coating commences. Surface preparation shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

Paint System

1st and 2nd coats: Penetrating stain color coats as specified above.

Paint Color A: To match similar parts of existing floodwalls.

Paint Color B: To match similar parts of existing floodwalls.

Paint colors shall be applied where indicated on the Contract Drawings or specified herein.

3rd and 4th coats: Anti-graffiti coats as specified above.

Color: Clear.

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