Amd 01 W9128F25B0005 Spec 32 11 23.pdf

Lower Brule N. Ecosystem Restoration Proj. Element 1 Big Bend Dam BB00106

SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 32 - EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS

SECTION 32 11 23

SURFACING

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES

1.2 DEFINITIONS

1.2.1 Surfacing

1.2.2 Degree of Compaction

1.3 SUBMITTALS

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.4.1 Sampling

1.4.2 Tests

1.4.2.1 Sieve Analysis

1.4.2.2 Field Density Tests

1.4.3 Testing Frequency

1.4.3.1 Initial Tests

1.4.3.2 In Place Tests

1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 PLANT, EQUIPMENT, AND TOOLS

2.2 AGGREGATES

2.2.1 Coarse Aggregate

2.2.2 Gradation Requirements

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

3.2 PREPARATION OF UNDERLYING COURSE

3.3 INSTALLATION

3.3.1 Placing

3.3.2 Grade Control

3.3.3 Compaction

3.3.4 Thickness

3.3.5 Finishing

3.3.6 Smoothness

3.4 TRAFFIC

3.5 MAINTENANCE

3.6 DISPOSAL OF UNSATISFACTORY MATERIALS

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SECTION 32 11 23 Page 1

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SECTION 32 11 23

SURFACING

PART 1 GENERAL

Surfacing is referred to as aggregate surface course on the plans which is covered by this specification for crushed recycled concrete.

1.1 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by basic designation only.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS

(AASHTO)

AASHTO T 180 (2015) Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammer and a 457-mm (18-in.) Drop

AASHTO T 224 (2010) Standard Method of Test for Correction for Coarse Particles in the Soil Compaction Test

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM C117 (2013) Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-um (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing

ASTM C127 (2015) Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate

ASTM C128 (2015) Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate

ASTM C136/C136M (2014) Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

ASTM D1556/D1556M (2015) Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by Sand-Cone Method

ASTM D1557 (2012; E 2015) Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3) (2700 kN-m/m3)

ASTM D2487 (2011) Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 2

ASTM D422 (1963; R 2007; E 2014; E 2014)

Particle-Size Analysis of Soils

ASTM D6938 (2015) Standard Test Method for In-Place Density and Water Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)

ASTM D75/D75M (2014) Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates

ASTM E11 (2015) Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes

1.2 DEFINITIONS

For the purposes of this specification, the following definitions apply.

1.2.1 Surfacing

Surfacing is well graded, durable material uniformly moistened and mechanically stabilized by compaction.

1.2.2 Degree of Compaction

Degree of compaction required, except as noted in the second sentence, is expressed as a percentage of the maximum laboratory dry density obtained by the test procedure presented in ASTM D1557 abbreviated as a percent of laboratory maximum dry density. Since ASTM D1557 applies only to soils that have 30 percent or less by weight of their particles retained on the 3/4 inch sieve, the degree of compaction for material having more than 30 percent by weight of their particles retained on the 3/4 inch sieve are expressed as a percentage of the laboratory maximum dry density in accordance with AASHTO T 180 Method D and corrected with AASHTO T 224 .

1.3 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government. Submittals with an "S" are for inclusion in the Sustainability Notebook, in conformance to Section 01 33 29 SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING. Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-03 Product Data

Plant, Equipment, and Tools

SD-06 Test Reports

Sampling and Testing; G , DO Field Density Tests; G , RO

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

Sampling and testing are the responsibility of the Contractor and

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 3 performed by a testing laboratory approved in accordance with Section 01 45 00.00 10 01 45 00.00 20 01 45 00.00 40 QUALITY CONTROL. Work requiring testing will not be permitted until the testing laboratory has been inspected and approved. Test the materials to establish compliance with the specified requirements; perform testing at the specified frequency. The Contracting Officer may specify the time and location of the tests. Furnish copies of test results to the Contracting Officer within 24 hours of completion of the tests.

1.4.1 Sampling

Take samples for laboratory testing in conformance with ASTM D75/D75M.

When deemed necessary, the sampling will be observed by the Contracting Officer.

1.4.2 Tests

Perform the following tests in conformance with the applicable standards listed.

1.4.2.1 Sieve Analysis

Make sieve analysis in conformance with ASTM C117 and ASTM C136/C136M.

Sieves shall conform to ASTM E11. Particle-size analysis of the soils shall also be completed in conformance with ASTM D422.

1.4.2.2 Field Density Tests

Measure field density in accordance with ASTM D1556/D1556M , or ASTM D6938.

For the method presented in ASTM D6938 check the calibration curves and adjust them, if necessary, using only the sand cone method as described in paragraph Calibration, of the ASTM publication. Tests performed in accordance with ASTM D6938 result in a wet unit weight of soil, and ASTM D6938 shall be used to determine the moisture content of the soil.

The calibration curves furnished with the moisture gauges shall also be checked along with density calibration checks as described in ASTM D6938.

The calibration checks of both the density and moisture gauges shall be made by the prepared containers of material method, as described in paragraph Calibration of ASTM D6938, on each different type of material being tested at the beginning of a job and at intervals as directed.

a. Submit certified copies of test results for approval not less than 30 days before material is required for the work.

b. Submit calibration curves and related test results prior to using the device or equipment being calibrated.

c. Submit copies of field test results within 24 hours after the tests are performed.

1.4.3 Testing Frequency

1.4.3.1 Initial Tests

Perform one of each of the following tests, on the proposed material prior to commencing construction, to demonstrate that the proposed material meets all specified requirements when furnished. If materials from more than one source are going to be utilized, this testing shall be completed for each source.

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a. Sieve Analysis.

c. Moisture-density relationship.

1.4.3.2 In Place Tests

Perform each of the following tests on samples taken from the placed and compacted surfacing. Samples shall be taken and tested at the rates indicated. Perform sampling and testing of recycled concrete aggregate at twice the specified frequency until the material uniformity is established.

a. Perform density tests on every lift of material placed and at a frequency of one set of tests for every 500 square yards, or portion thereof, of completed area.

b. Perform sieve analysis on every lift of material placed and at a frequency of one sieve analysis for every 1000 square yards, or portion thereof, of material placed.

d. Measure the total thickness of the base course at intervals, in such a manner as to ensure one measurement for each 500 square yards of base course. Measurements shall be made in 3 inch diameter test holes penetrating the base course.

1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

Perform construction when the atmospheric temperature is above 35 degrees F.

When the temperature falls below 35 degrees F, protect all completed areas by approved methods against detrimental effects of freezing. Correct completed areas damaged by freezing, rainfall, or other weather conditions to meet specified requirements.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 PLANT, EQUIPMENT, AND TOOLS

All plant, equipment, and tools used in the performance of the work will be subject to approval before the work is started and shall be maintained in satisfactory working condition at all times. Submit a list of proposed equipment, including descriptive data. Provide adequate equipment having the capability of producing the required compaction, meeting grade controls, thickness control, and smoothness requirements as set forth herein.

2.2 AGGREGATES

Provide surfacing consisting of clean, sound, durable particles of crushed recycled concrete. Aggregate shall be free of lumps of clay, organic matter, and other objectionable materials or coatings.

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Only crushed recycled conrete removed from Crow Creek Operations shall be used for crushed recycled concrete. Crushed recycled conrete from all

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 5 other sources shall not be used. There is not a mandatory source for crushed aggregate and loamy topsoil. Contractors are not restricted to any source for the aggregate base, aggregate surface course and loamy topsoil.

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2.2.1 Coarse Aggregate

Provide coarse aggregates with angular particles of uniform density. When the coarse aggregate is supplied from more than one source, aggregate from each source shall meet the specified requirements and shall be stockpiled separately.

a. Crushed Recycled Concrete: Provide crushed recycled concrete consisting of previously hardened portland cement concrete or other concrete containing pozzolanic binder material. The recycled material shall be free of all reinforcing steel, bituminous concrete surfacing, and any other foreign material and shall be crushed and processed to meet the required gradations for coarse aggregate. Reject recycled concrete aggregate exceeding this value. Crushed recycled concrete must meet all other applicable requirements specified below.

2.2.2 Gradation Requirements

Apply the specified gradation requirements to the completed surfacing.

The crushed recycled concrete shall be continuously well graded within the limits specified in TABLE 1. Sieves shall conform to ASTM E11.

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TABLE 1. GRADATION OF AGGREGATES

Percentage by Weight Passing Square-Mesh Sieve

Aggregate Base Course No. 2 Aggregate Surface Course

Choke Stone

2 inch 100 --- 100

1-1/2 inch 100

1 inch 70-100 670-100

1/2 inch 30-65 100

No. 4 30-70 230-5 70 60-100

No. 10 8 22-62 1522-40 62

No. 40 10-35 510-25 35

No. 200 0-15 0-8 15 0-20

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TABLE 1. GRADATION OF AGGREGATES

Percentage by Weight Passing Square-Mesh Sieve

Aggregate Base Course No. 2 Aggregate Surface Course

Choke Stone

NOTE 1: The values are based on aggregates of uniform specific gravity. If materials from different sources are used for the coarse and fine aggregates, they shall be tested in accordance with ASTM C127 and ASTM C128 to determine their specific gravities. If the specific gravities vary by more than 10 percent, the percentages passing the various sieves shall be corrected as directed by the Contracting Officer.

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PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

When the surfacing is constructed in more than one layer, clean the previously constructed layer of loose and foreign matter by sweeping with power sweepers or power brooms, except that hand brooms may be used in areas where power cleaning is not practicable. Provide adequate drainage during the entire period of construction to prevent water from collecting or standing on the working area. Provide line and grade stakes as necessary for control. Grade stakes shall be in lines parallel to the centerline of the area under construction and suitably spaced for string lining.

3.2 PREPARATION OF UNDERLYING COURSE

Prior to constructing the base course(s), the underlying course or subgrade shall be cleaned of all foreign substances. At the time of construction of the base course(s), the underlying course shall contain no frozen material. The surface of the underlying course or subgrade shall meet specified compaction and surface tolerances per Section 31 00 00.

Ruts or soft yielding spots in the underlying courses, areas having inadequate compaction, and deviations of the surface from the requirements set forth herein shall be corrected by loosening and removing soft or unsatisfactory material and by adding approved material, reshaping to line and grade, and recompacting to specified density requirements. Such blading shall be at the Contractor's expense. For cohesionless underlying courses containing sands or gravels, as defined in ASTM D2487, the surface shall be stabilized prior to placement of the base course(s).

Stabilization shall be accomplished by mixing surfacing into the underlying course and compacting by approved methods. The stabilized material shall be considered as part of the underlying course and shall meet all requirements of the underlying course. The finished underlying course shall not be disturbed by traffic or other operations and shall be maintained in a satisfactory condition until the base course is placed.The gravel trail subgrade shall be thoroughly disked to a depth of 12 inches, 14 feet wide, compacted to at least 95% of maximum dry density, and be within -2 TO +3 percent of the optimum moisture content at the time the compactive effort is applied for cohesive soils. For cohesive soils the Constractor shall compact the subgrade to a relative density of 85%. The

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 7 addition of water or aeration of materials may be required. Density and moisture control shall be based on the ASTM D698 compaction test for cohesive soils and relative density test for cohesionless soils. Control of compaction operations shall be based upon tests made by the Contractor in accordance with ASTM D 1556-86 AND D 2167-84. A minium of one test shall be performed every 2000 sq. yards where specified by the COR.

3.3 INSTALLATION

3.3.1 Placing

Place the material on the prepared subgrade or subbase in layers of uniform thickness with an approved spreader. When a compacted layer 6 inches or less in thickness is required, place the material in a single layer. When a compacted layer in excess of 6 inches is required, place the material in layers of equal thickness. No layer shall be thicker than 6 inches or thinner than 3 inches when compacted. The layers shall be so placed that when compacted they will be true to the grades or levels required with the least possible surface disturbance. Where the base course is placed in more than one layer, the previously constructed layers shall be cleaned of loose and foreign matter by sweeping with power sweepers, power brooms, or hand brooms, as directed. Such adjustments in placing procedures or equipment shall be made as may be directed to obtain true grades, to minimize segregation and degradation, to adjust the water content, and to insure an acceptable base course.

3.3.2 Grade Control

The finished and completed base course shall conform to the lines, grades, and cross sections shown.

3.3.3 Compaction

Compact each layer of the surfacing, as specified, with approved compaction equipment. Maintain water content during the compaction procedure to within plus or minus 2 percent of the optimum water content determined from laboratory tests as specified in this Section. Begin rolling at the outside edge of the surface and proceed to the center, overlapping on successive trips at least one-half the width of the roller. Alternate trips of the roller shall be slightly different lengths. Speed of the roller shall be such that displacement of the aggregate does not occur. In all places not accessible to the rollers, the mixture shall be compacted with hand-operated power tampers. Continue compaction until each layer has a degree of compaction that is at least 100 percent of laboratory maximum density through the full depth of the layer. Make such adjustments in compacting or finishing procedures as may be directed to obtain true grades, to minimize segregation and degradation, to reduce or increase water content, and to ensure a satisfactory base course. Any materials that are found to be unsatisfactory shall be removed and replaced with satisfactory material or reworked, as directed, to meet the requirements of this specification.

3.3.4 Thickness

Construct the compacted thickness of the surfacing as indicated. No individual layer shall be thicker than 6 inches nor be thinner than 3 inches in compacted thickness. The total compacted thickness of the base course(s) shall be within 1/2 inch of the thickness indicated. Where the measured thickness is more than 1/2 inch deficient, correct such areas by

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 8 scarifying, adding new material of proper gradation, reblading, and recompacting as directed. Where the measured thickness is more than 1/2 inch thicker than indicated, the course shall be considered as conforming to the specified thickness requirements. Average job thickness shall be the average of all thickness measurements taken for the job, but shall be within 1/4 inch of the thickness indicated. The total thickness of the base course shall be measured at intervals in such a manner as to ensure one measurement for each 500 square yards of base course. Measurements shall be made in 3 inch diameter test holes penetrating the base course.

3.3.5 Finishing

The surface of the top layer of surfacing shall be finished after final compaction by cutting any overbuild to grade and rolling with a steel-wheeled roller. Thin layers of material shall not be added to the top layer of base course to meet grade. If the elevation of the top layer of base course is 1/2 inch or more below grade, then the top layer should be scarified to a depth of at least 3 inches and new material shall be blended in and compacted to bring to grade. Adjustments to rolling and finishing procedures shall be made as directed to minimize segregation and degradation, obtain grades, maintain moisture content, and insure an acceptable base course. Should the surface become rough, corrugated, uneven in texture, or traffic marked prior to completion, the unsatisfactory portion shall be scarified, reworked and recompacted or it shall be replaced as directed.

3.3.6 Smoothness

The surface of the top layer shall show no deviations in excess of 3/8 inch when tested with a 12 foot straightedge. Take measurements in successive positions parallel to the centerline of the area to be paved.

Measurements shall also be taken perpendicular to the centerline at 50 foot intervals. Deviations exceeding this amount shall be corrected by removing material and replacing with new material, or by reworking existing material and compacting it to meet these specifications.

3.4 TRAFFIC

Completed portions of the base course may be opened to limited traffic, provided there is no marring or distorting of the surface by the traffic.

Heavy equipment shall not be permitted except when necessary to construction, and then the area shall be protected against marring or damage to the completed work.

3.5 MAINTENANCE

Maintain the base course in a satisfactory condition until the full pavement section is completed and accepted. Maintenance shall include immediate repairs to any defects and shall be repeated as often as necessary to keep the area intact. Any base course that is not paved over prior to the onset of winter, shall be retested to verify that it still complies with the requirements of this specification. Any area of base course that is damaged shall be reworked or replaced as necessary to comply with this specification.

3.6 DISPOSAL OF UNSATISFACTORY MATERIALS

Dispose of any unsuitable materials that must be removed outside the limits of Government-controlled land. No additional payments will be made

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 9 for materials that must be replaced.

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