Attachment_2.pdf

Final

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

FOR GENERAL REPAIR OF BRIDGES, ROADS, AND

UTILITIES AT

MILITARY OCEAN TERMINAL CONCORD, CA

APRIL 2017

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

FOR

GENERAL REPAIR OF BRIDGES, ROADS, AND UTILITIES AT

MILITARY OCEAN TERMINAL CONCORD, CA

Proponent: Military Ocean Terminal Concord

NEPA Lead Agency: Military Ocean Terminal Concord

APPROVAL

This Environmental Assessment meets the requirements of NEPA, 40 CFR 1500-1508 and 32 CFR 651.

Date LTC James R. Wiley

Commanding Officer

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Final Environmental Assessment for General Repair of Bridges, Roads, and Utilities at Military Ocean Terminal Concord

Table of Contents i April 2017

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1-1

Installation Description and Current Situation .............................................................. 1-1

Purpose and Need for the Proposed Action .................................................................. 1-4

Scope of Environmental Analysis ................................................................................... 1-4

Decision To Be Made ........................................................................................................ 1-4

Intergovernmental Coordination and Permitting and Public Involvement ....................................................................................................................... 1-5

2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES ........................................ 2-1

Consideration of Alternatives .......................................................................................... 2-1

Alternatives Considered But Eliminated from Further Analysis .................................. 2-2

No Action Alternative ........................................................................................................ 2-3

Alternative 1 ....................................................................................................................... 2-3

Overview, Project Area Definition and Timeline .............................................. 2-3

Road Repairs ....................................................................................................... 2-6

Bridge Repairs .................................................................................................. 2-15

2.4.3.1 Specific Protective Measures............................................................... 2-15

2.4.3.2 Bridge Repairs by Location .................................................................. 2-18

Utility Repairs .................................................................................................... 2-20

2.4.4.1 Electrical Lines ..................................................................................... 2-20

2.4.4.2 Telecommunication Lines .................................................................... 2-20

2.4.4.3 Water and Wastewater Lines ............................................................... 2-21

2.4.4.4 Stormwater ........................................................................................... 2-21

Geotechnical Investigation .............................................................................. 2-21

Alternative 2 ..................................................................................................................... 2-22

Preferred Alternative ....................................................................................................... 2-23

3.0 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................................... 3-1

Earth Resources ................................................................................................................ 3-1

Soils ..................................................................................................................... 3-1

Seismic Conditions ............................................................................................ 3-1

Mineral Resources .............................................................................................. 3-2

Environmental Assessment for General Final ii Table of Contents April 2017

Water Resources ............................................................................................................... 3-2

Surface Water ...................................................................................................... 3-2

Groundwater ....................................................................................................... 3-4

Wetlands .............................................................................................................. 3-4

Floodplains ........................................................................................................ 3-11

Air Quality ........................................................................................................................ 3-13

Conformity Requirements ............................................................................... 3-16

Greenhouse Gases ........................................................................................... 3-17

Permitted Stationary Sources ......................................................................... 3-18

Biological Resources ...................................................................................................... 3-19

Habitats .............................................................................................................. 3-19

Flora ................................................................................................................... 3-21

Fauna ................................................................................................................. 3-22

3.4.3.1 Invertebrates ........................................................................................ 3-22

3.4.3.2 Fish and Essential Fish Habitat ........................................................... 3-22

3.4.3.3 Reptiles and Amphibians ..................................................................... 3-23

3.4.3.4 Birds ..................................................................................................... 3-23

3.4.3.5 Mammals .............................................................................................. 3-24

3.4.3.6 Special Status Species ........................................................................ 3-24

3.4.3.7 Federally Listed Plant Species ............................................................ 3-29

3.4.3.8 Federal Listed Fish Species................................................................. 3-32

3.4.3.9 Federally Listed Wildlife Species ......................................................... 3-36

Land Use, Recreation, and Coastal Zone Management .............................................. 3-39

Land Use ............................................................................................................ 3-39

Recreation ......................................................................................................... 3-40

Coastal Zone Management .............................................................................. 3-40

Transportation and Traffic ............................................................................................. 3-41

Utilities and Service Systems ........................................................................................ 3-45

Sanitary Sewer .................................................................................................. 3-45

Potable Water .................................................................................................... 3-45

Electrical Service .............................................................................................. 3-45

Table of Contents iii April 2017

Telecommunications ........................................................................................ 3-45

Solid Waste and Recycling Service ................................................................ 3-45

Noise ................................................................................................................................. 3-46

Socioeconomics and Environmental Justice ............................................................... 3-47

Socioeconomics ............................................................................................... 3-48

Environmental Justice ..................................................................................... 3-48

Cultural Resources ......................................................................................................... 3-49

Archaeological Resources .............................................................................. 3-50

Architectural Resources .................................................................................. 3-51

Traditional Cultural Properties ........................................................................ 3-52

Hazardous Materials, Hazardous Waste, Toxic Substances, and Contaminated Sites ......................................................................................................... 3-52

Hazardous Materials ......................................................................................... 3-52

Hazardous Waste .............................................................................................. 3-53

Toxic Substances ............................................................................................. 3-53

Contaminated Sites .......................................................................................... 3-55

3.11.4.1 Military Munitions Response Program ................................................. 3-57

3.11.4.2 Installation Restoration Program ......................................................... 3-58

3.11.4.3 Sediment Sampling Conducted in Support of this EA ......................... 3-59

3.11.4.4 Underground Storage Tanks and Pipelines ......................................... 3-60

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES .......................................................................................... 4-1

Earth Resources ................................................................................................................ 4-1

No Action Alternative ......................................................................................... 4-1

Alternative 1 ........................................................................................................ 4-1

Alternative 2 ........................................................................................................ 4-3

Water Resources ............................................................................................................... 4-4

No Action Alternative ......................................................................................... 4-4

Alternative 1 ........................................................................................................ 4-4

4.2.2.1 Water Quality ......................................................................................... 4-4

4.2.2.2 Wetlands and Floodplains ...................................................................... 4-7

Alternative 2 ........................................................................................................ 4-8 iv Table of Contents April 2017

Air Quality .......................................................................................................................... 4-8

No Action Alternative ......................................................................................... 4-9

Alternative 1 ........................................................................................................ 4-9

Alternative 2 ...................................................................................................... 4-10

Biological Resources ...................................................................................................... 4-11

No Action Alternative ....................................................................................... 4-11

Alternative 1 ...................................................................................................... 4-11

Alternative 2 ...................................................................................................... 4-12

4.4.3.1 Habitats ................................................................................................ 4-12

4.4.3.2 Flora ..................................................................................................... 4-13

4.4.3.3 Fauna ................................................................................................... 4-13

4.4.3.4 Special Status Species ........................................................................ 4-15

Land Use, Recreation, and Coastal Zone Management .............................................. 4-19

No Action Alternative ....................................................................................... 4-20

4.5.1.1 Land Use .............................................................................................. 4-20

4.5.1.2 Recreation ............................................................................................ 4-20

4.5.1.3 Coastal Zone Management .................................................................. 4-20

Alternative 1 ...................................................................................................... 4-20

4.5.2.1 Land Use .............................................................................................. 4-20

4.5.2.2 Recreation ............................................................................................ 4-21

4.5.2.3 Coastal Zone Management .................................................................. 4-21

Alternative 2 ...................................................................................................... 4-21

Transportation and Traffic ............................................................................................. 4-22

No Action Alternative ....................................................................................... 4-22

Alternative 1 ...................................................................................................... 4-22

Alternative 2 ...................................................................................................... 4-23

Utilities and Service Systems ........................................................................................ 4-24

No Action Alternative ....................................................................................... 4-24

Alternative 1 ...................................................................................................... 4-24

Alternative 2 ...................................................................................................... 4-25

Noise ................................................................................................................................. 4-25

Table of Contents v April 2017

No Action Alternative ....................................................................................... 4-26

Alternative 1 ...................................................................................................... 4-26

Alternative 2 ...................................................................................................... 4-27

Socioeconomics and Environmental Justice ............................................................... 4-27

No Action Alternative ....................................................................................... 4-27

Alternative 1 ...................................................................................................... 4-28

4.9.2.1 Environmental Justice .......................................................................... 4-28

Alternative 2 ...................................................................................................... 4-29

Cultural Resources ......................................................................................................... 4-29

No Action Alternative ....................................................................................... 4-30

Alternative 1 ...................................................................................................... 4-30

Alternative 2 ...................................................................................................... 4-30

Hazardous Materials, Hazardous Waste, Toxic Substances, and Contaminated Sites ......................................................................................................... 4-31

No Action Alternative ....................................................................................... 4-32

Alternative 1 ...................................................................................................... 4-32

4.11.2.1 Hazardous Materials ............................................................................ 4-32

4.11.2.2 Hazardous Waste ................................................................................ 4-32

4.11.2.3 Toxic Substances ................................................................................. 4-33

4.11.2.4 Contaminated Sites .............................................................................. 4-33

Alternative 2 ...................................................................................................... 4-34

Comparison of Environmental Consequences ............................................................ 4-34

Other Considerations ..................................................................................................... 4-39

Unavoidable Adverse Environmental Effects ................................................ 4-39

Relationship between Short-Term Use of Man’s Environment and Maintenance and Enhancement of Long- Term Productivity ............................................................................................. 4-39

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources .......................... 4-39

5.0 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ................................................................................................................ 5-1

Definition of Cumulative Impacts .................................................................................... 5-1

Potential Cumulative Effects by Resource ..................................................................... 5-2

Resources of Concern ....................................................................................... 5-2 vi Table of Contents April 2017

Other Actions Affecting the Resources of Concern ....................................... 5-2

5.2.2.1 Past, Present, and Reasonably Foreseeable Actions ........................... 5-2

Determination of the Magnitude and Significance of Cumulative Effects on the Selected Resource .............................................. 5-14

5.2.3.1 Water Resources ................................................................................. 5-14

5.2.3.2 Air Quality ............................................................................................. 5-16

5.2.3.3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change .............................. 5-16

5.2.3.4 Biological Resources ........................................................................... 5-18

5.2.3.5 Transportation and Traffic .................................................................... 5-19

5.2.3.6 Cultural Resources .............................................................................. 5-20

5.2.3.7 Toxic Substances ................................................................................. 5-21

5.2.3.8 Environmental Justice .......................................................................... 5-22

6.0 MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................................................................................... 6-1

Introduction and Definition of Mitigation Measures ...................................................... 6-1

Best Management Practices and Standard Operating Procedures ............................. 6-1

Mitigation Measures Included in This EA ....................................................................... 6-8

Proposed Action ................................................................................................. 6-8

Earth/Water Resources/Wetlands ..................................................................... 6-8

Biological Resources ......................................................................................... 6-9

Recreation ......................................................................................................... 6-16

Transportation/Traffic ...................................................................................... 6-16

Noise .................................................................................................................. 6-16

Cultural Resources ........................................................................................... 6-16

Hazardous and Toxic Substances and Waste ............................................... 6-17

7.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................. 7-1

8.0 LIST OF PREPARERS .................................................................................................................... 8-1

APPENDIX A DESCRIPTION OF ROADS AND REPAIRS .................................................................... A-1

APPENDIX B PLANNED ROAD AND BRIDGE REPAIR PROJECT DETAILS ..................................... B-1

APPENDIX C EQUIPMENT LISTS .......................................................................................................... C-1

APPENDIX D DETAILS REGARDING PROPOSED GEOTECHNICAL BORINGS ............................... D-1

Table of Contents vii April 2017

APPENDIX E AIR QUALITY CALCULATIONS AND RECORD OF

NONAPPLICABILITY........................................................................................................E-1

APPENDIX F ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT SECTION 7 CONSULTATION ........................................ F-1

APPENDIX G COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT CONSISTENCY

DETERMINATION ............................................................................................................ G-1

APPENDIX H NHPA SECTION 106 COORDINATION ........................................................................... H-1

List of Figures

Figure 1.1-1. Regional Location ............................................................................................................. 1-2

Figure 1.1-2. MOTCO Property ............................................................................................................... 1-3

Figure 2.4-1. Possible Construction Staging Areas and Unsuitable Materials Receiving Sites ................................................................................................................ 2-5

Figure 2.4-2. Proposed Near-Term (Execution Year 2017-2021) Road and Bridge Repairs .............................................................................................................................. 2-7

Figure 2.4-3. Proposed Long-Term (after Execution Year 2021) Road and Bridge Repairs .............................................................................................................................. 2-9

Figure 2.4-4. Rinquist Road Realignment ........................................................................................... 2-13

Figure 3.2-1. Potential and Delineated Wetlands ................................................................................. 3-6

Figure 3.2-2. 100-Year Floodplain ........................................................................................................ 3-12

Figure 3.4-1. Habitats ............................................................................................................................ 3-20

Figure 3.4-2. Rare Plant Survey Area and Survey Results ............................................................... 3-30

Figure 3.4-3. Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse Occurrence Potential ....................................................... 3-31

Figure 3.6-1. AADT Data Locations Near MOTCO ............................................................................. 3-44

Figure 3.11-1. MOTCO Environmental Contamination Sites ............................................................ 3-56

Figure 5.2-1. Past, Present, and Reasonably Foreseeable Project Locations at MOTCO ............................................................................................................................. 5-4 viii Table of Contents April 2017

List of Tables

Table 2.4-1. Summary of Near-Term (Execution Year 2017-2021) Road Repairs ........................... 2-11

Table 2.4-2. Summary of Bridge Repairs ............................................................................................ 2-15

Table 2.5-1. Summary of Estimated Temporary and Permanent Disturbance Areas from Road and Bridge Projects Under Alternatives 1 and 2 by Execution Year.......................................................................................................... 2-23

Table 3.3-1. Ambient Air Quality Standards ....................................................................................... 3-14

Table 3.3-2. General Conformity de Minimis Thresholds (tons/year) .............................................. 3-17

Table 3.4-1. Fish Species with Designated EFH that Are Expected to Occur in Suisun Bay and the Project Area ................................................................................. 3-23

Table 3.4-2. Special Status Species Potentially Occurring in the Action Area ............................... 3-25

Table 3.4-3. Lifestage Timing and Distributions of Protected Fish Species Potentially Affected by the Proposed Action ............................................................. 3-33

Table 3.6-1. 2014 AADT Volumes Near MOTCO ................................................................................. 3-42

Table 3.6-2. Truck AADT Volumes Near MOTCO ............................................................................... 3-43

Table 3.8-1. OSHA Permissible Noise Exposures ............................................................................. 3-47

Table 4.3-1. Alternative 1 Estimated Air Emissions from Demolition and Construction Activities ................................................................................................... 4-9

Table 4.3-2. Alternative 2 Estimated Air Emissions from Demolition and Construction Activities ................................................................................................. 4-10

Table 4.6-1. Anticipated Vehicular Trips Mileage to/from MOTCO for Action Alternatives for 2017 (Peak Year) ................................................................................. 4-23

Table 4.12-1. Comparison of Environmental Consequences ........................................................... 4-35

Table 5.2-1. Cumulative Action Evaluation........................................................................................... 5-3

Table 6.2-1. Summary of Relevant Best Management Practices and/or Standard Operating Procedures ..................................................................................................... 6-2

Table 8.0-1. Key Cardno List of Preparers ............................................................................................ 8-3

Acronyms and Abbreviations ix April 2017

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

µg/m3 micrograms per cubic meter

AC asphalt concrete

ACM asbestos-containing material

ACP Access Control Point

ACZA Ammoniacal Copper Zinc Arsenate

APE area of potential effects

Army United States Army

ARPA Archaeological Resources Protection Action

ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

BA Biological Assessment

BAAQMD Bay Area Air Quality Management District

BCDC Bay Conservation and Development Commission

BMP Best Management Practice

BNSF Burlington Northern Santa Fe

CA EPA California Environmental Protection Agency

CAA Clean Air Act

CARB California Air Resources Board

CBR California Bearing Ratio

CX Categorical Exclusion

CCWD Contra Costa Water District

CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife

CEQ Council on Environmental Quality

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act

CFR Code of Federal Regulations cm/s centimeter per second

CNDDB California Natural Diversity Database

CNPS California Native Plant Society

CO carbon monoxide

CO2 carbon dioxide

CWA Clean Water Act

CY cubic yard

CZMA Coastal Zone Management Act dB decibel dBA A-weighted decibel

DDT Dichlorodiphenyl Trichloroethane

DERP Defense Environmental Restoration Program

DOD Department of Defense

DOT Department of Transportation

DPM Diesel Particulate Matter

DPS Distinct Population Segment

EA Environmental Assessment

EFH Essential Fish Habitat

EIS Environmental Impact Statement

EO Executive Order

ERDC Engineer Research and Development Center

ESA Endangered Species Act

ESS Explosives Safety Submission

ESU Evolutionarily Significant Unit

FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act

FMP Fisheries Management Plan

FNSI Finding of No Significant Impact

FY Fiscal Year

GHG Greenhouse gas

GWP Global Warming Potential

HAP Hazardous Air Pollutant x Acronyms and Abbreviations April 2017

HAPC Habitat Area of Particular Concern

HM hazardous materials

HMMP Hazardous Materials Management Plan

HW hazardous waste

HWMP Hazardous Waste Management Plan

ICRMP Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

INRMP Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan

IRP Installation Restoration Program

LBP lead-based paint

LID Low Impact Development

LPS Lightning Protection System

LUC Land Use Control

LUCIP Land Use Control and Implementation Plan

MARAD U.S. Maritime Administration

MBTA Migratory Bird Treaty Act

MEC munitions and explosives of concern

MMRP Military Munitions Response Program

MOTCO Military Ocean Terminal Concord

MRS Munitions Response Site

MSAT Mobile Source Air Toxics

N2O nitrous oxide

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard

NAVFAC SW Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest

NEPA National Environmental Policy Act

NESHAP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants

NHPA National Historic Preservation Act

NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service

NO2 nitrogen dioxide

NOx oxides of nitrogen

NOAA National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration

NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

NPS National Park Service

NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service

NRHP National Register of Historic Places

NSR New Source Review

NWI National Wetland Inventory

NWSSBD Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach Detachment

OHSSPRP Oil and Hazardous Substance Spill Prevention and Response Plan

PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

PAVER Pavement Engineered Management System

PCB polychlorinated biphenyl

PCC Portland cement concrete

PCI Pavement Condition Index

PM2.5 particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 microns aerodynamic diameter

PM10 particulate matter less than or equal to 10 microns aerodynamic diameter ppb parts per billion ppm parts per million

POL petroleum, oil, and lubricant

POV privately owned vehicle

RAP recycled asphalt product

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

REC Record of Environmental Consideration

RI/FS Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study

RPMP Real Property Master Plan

Acronyms and Abbreviations xi April 2017

SDDC Surface Deployment and Distribution Command

SFBRWQCB San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board

SHPO State Historic Preservation Officer

SIP State Implementation Plan

SPCC Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure

SWMP Storm Water Management Plan

SWPPP Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan

TEF Temporary Exclusion Fence

TIA Telecommunications Industry Association

TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load

TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act

TWW Treated Wood Waste

U.S. United States

UPRR Union Pacific Railroad

USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

USC United States Code

USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

USGS U.S. Geological Survey

UST Underground Storage Tank

UXO unexploded ordnance

VOC Volatile Organic Compound

VRP visibility-reducing particles

WWII World War II xii Acronyms and Abbreviations

Chapter 1: Introduction 1-1 April 2017

Linear infrastructure addressed in this EA includes roads, bridges, electrical transmission lines, telecommunication lines, water lines, and wastewater lines.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

To ensure safe, efficient, and continued mission capability, the United States Army (Army) proposes to repair existing linear infrastructure at Military Ocean Terminal Concord (MOTCO) to include geotechnical exploration in support of those general repairs. The action would take place during Fiscal Years (FY) 2017 through 2021 and beyond. Although there have been upgrades and repairs to the linear infrastructure system(s), many of the facilities and system components in need of repair are original, dating back to as early as the 1940s.

The Army has prepared this Environmental Assessment (EA) to address the potential environmental impacts of the proposed action in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA; 42 United States Code [USC] Section 4321 et seq.); its implementing regulations (40 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] Parts 1500–1508); and the Army’s regulation implementing NEPA (32 CFR Part 651). The Army is the lead agency for the proposed action; there are no cooperating agencies (per 40 CFR Section 1501.6) for the EA.

INSTALLATION DESCRIPTION AND CURRENT SITUATION

MOTCO is an Army Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC) munitions and general cargo transshipment facility located in north central Contra Costa County, California (Figure 1.1-1). This installation is a West Coast common-user ammunition terminal and is home to the SDDC’s 834th Transportation Battalion. MOTCO is in the East San Francisco Bay region, approximately 10 nautical miles inland past the Carquinez Strait that connects Suisun Bay to San Pablo Bay. San Francisco is 30 miles to the southwest, Oakland is 20 miles to the southwest, Sacramento is 65 miles to the northeast, and the City of Concord is located approximately 5 miles south.

The installation is composed of an approximately 115-acre Inland Area administrative complex referred to as the Inland Area and an approximately 6,526-acre Tidal Area. The Inland Area and the Tidal Area are connected by a road running parallel to and west of Port Chicago Highway. The Tidal Area includes piers, staging and transfer facilities, as well as 2,045 acres in offshore islands (Figure 1.1-2).

1-2 Chapter 1: Introduction

Figure 1.1-1. Regional Location

Chapter 1: Introduction 1-3

Figure 1.1-2. MOTCO Property

1-4 Chapter 1: Introduction April 2017

On October 28, 1992, Congress passed the Port Chicago National Memorial Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-562) which designated the Port Chicago Naval Magazine site as a National Memorial to recognize the critical role Port Chicago played during World War II (1939–1945; World War II [WWII]) and the historic importance of the explosion which occurred at the Port Chicago Naval Magazine on July 17, 1944 (Figure 1.1-2). The National Memorial is located on a partially developed 5-acre area of the installation that is owned by MOTCO and managed by the National Park Service (NPS). Two public rail lines, Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) and Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF), traverse the Tidal Area and interconnect with Army-owned MOTCO rail lines.

PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE PROPOSED ACTION

In their present condition, the installation’s linear infrastructure systems are deficient with some elements operating under restrictions. Furthermore, other installation linear infrastructure systems do not comply with current Army or Department of Transportation (DOT) codes and standards. MOTCO’s Real Property Master Plan (RPMP) and Utility Master Plan identify current and future needs at MOTCO. The purpose of the proposed action is to repair linear infrastructure systems as identified in the RPMP and Utility Master Plan. The proposed action is needed to eliminate safety concerns and allow the installation to conduct safe and efficient operations in support of its mission.

SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

This EA assesses the potential environmental and socioeconomic impacts and cumulative effects associated with the general repair of linear infrastructure, including geotechnical exploration needed to support those repairs. The environmental resource areas analyzed in this EA include in-air and in-water noise; air quality; geology, topography, and soils; water resources; biological resources; land use and coastal zone management; transportation;

infrastructure; visual resources; recreational resources; socioeconomics; environmental justice and protection of children; cultural resources; and hazardous materials, hazardous waste, toxic substances, and contaminated sites.

DECISION TO BE MADE

The decision to be made by the Commanding Officer of MOTCO is to approve or disapprove the proposed action in consideration of potential environmental consequences, and actions that protect, restore, and enhance the environment. This EA is intended to assist in that decision-making by providing sufficient evidence and analysis for determining whether a Finding of No Significant Impact or Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) should be prepared.

Chapter 1: Introduction 1-5 April 2017

INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION AND PERMITTING AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT

In accordance with 32 CFR Part 651.14(2), the following permits and agency coordination are required to support the proposed action and are occurring in parallel with this EA:

• Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7: consultation with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and United States (U.S.) Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) regarding potential impacts to threatened and endangered species and designated critical habitat.

• Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act: consultation with NMFS regarding potential impacts to Essential Fish Habitat (EFH).

• National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) Section 106: consultation with the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), NPS, and federally recognized Tribes regarding potential impacts to historic properties.

• Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA): Coastal Consistency Determination concurrence from the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC).

• Clean Water Act (CWA) Section 404 and 401: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) San Francisco District regarding the Section 404 permit and with the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board (SFBRWQCB) Section 401 Water Quality Certification for road and bridge projects involving discharge of fill materials into wetland areas (waters of the U.S).

• Demonstration that project-related construction emissions are below any applicable General Conformity Rule de minimus levels in accordance with the Clean Air Act (CAA) and California CAA. A Record of Non-Applicability has been prepared.

• Contra Costa County Environmental Health Division soil boring permit: for wells being drilled for geotechnical purposes, in accordance with Contra Costa County Code Section 414-4.801 et seq. (Contra Costa County 2015).

In accordance with 32 CFR Part 651.35, the draft Finding of No Significant Impact (FNSI) for this EA will be made available to the public for review and comment for 30 days prior to the initiation of the proposed action. A notification of the draft FNSI will be published in the East Bay Times. The draft FNSI will be distributed to agencies and tribes listed in the above paragraph and any other agencies, organizations, and individuals that have expressed interest in the project. The draft FNSI will articulate the deadline for receipt of comments, availability of the SEA for review, and steps required to obtain the SEA. The draft FNSI, SEA, and documents incorporated by reference will be available at the Concord Public Library and Bay Point Library and at: https://www.sddc.army.mil/Pages/motco.aspx.

https://www.sddc.army.mil/Pages/motco.aspx

1-6 Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Description of Proposed Action and Alternatives 2-1 April 2017

2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND

ALTERNATIVES

The Army proposes to repair aged and damaged linear infrastructure including roads, vehicular bridges, rail bridges, and utilities. Geotechnical exploration is needed to gather data in support of those repairs. The repairs correct deficiencies in accordance with inspection reports and RPMP and Utility Master Plan recommendations. The road and bridge repairs would 1) address safety requirements, 2) ensure long-term mission sustainment, and 3) improve mission efficacy.

The utility repairs would ensure long-term adequate and reliable utility infrastructure.

CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES

NEPA’s implementing regulations provide guidance on the consideration of alternatives to a federally proposed action and require a rigorous exploration and an objective evaluation of reasonable alternatives. Only those alternatives determined to be reasonable require detailed analysis.

The following criteria were used to screen alternatives for full consideration:

• Logistics and safety: The range of reasonable alternatives to meet the purpose and need for repair of existing linear infrastructure is fundamentally limited because the installation’s infrastructure layout is primarily to support mission purposes and has a fully developed pattern of functional relationships already in place. A review of the long-term operational needs of road and bridge infrastructure was evaluated and it was determined that, with one exception (Rinquist Road), the existing alignment of linear infrastructure would meet these needs. Therefore, alternatives for realignment of linear infrastructure other than Rinquist Road were eliminated from consideration.

• The alternatives for realignment of Rinquist Road must support the future Pier 2 operations concept. This concept envisions two-way traffic by ammunition-laden vehicles on a circuitous route between the holding pads and Pier 2. This plan requires use of Taylor Bridge and is most efficiently, routed north/northeast from Rinquist Road, to Anderson Road, to Preuitt Road. The current configuration of the Rinquist Road includes sharp curves and reflects a design that is not supported by current safety standards. A number of near misses and minor vehicle mishaps have occurred in this area. Additionally, the current railroad crossing is at an approximately 30-degree angle and there is an increased safety margin the closer such intersections are to a 90-degree angle.

• Consistency with the Army’s planning and design process: The proposed action is for repairs to extend the service life of existing infrastructure. The Army has planned, budgeted, and designed repairs to meet these planning parameters. All alternatives must be consistent with the Army’s RPMP and Utility Master Plan for MOTCO. It

2-2 Chapter 2: Description of Proposed Action and Alternatives April 2017 should be noted that although the proposed action includes long-term road and bridge repair projects, there are also long-term plans for a new bridge construction project to route ammunition laden vehicles over commercial rail lines in the Tidal Area and very long-term sea level rise adaption strategies that are included in the installation’s planning documents but are not addressed in this EA. The design process is aimed at identifying the most effective and cost efficient repair strategy for the identified requirements of the repair projects. Therefore, it was determined that all alternatives must meet the basic design parameters for the repairs. Consistent with NEPA guidelines, viable alternatives that meet design parameters identified in the design process were considered as potential reasonable alternatives in this EA.

• Potential for greater adverse environmental effects: Alternatives that would meet the purpose and need, but would result in adverse environmental effects that could otherwise be avoided or minimized, were not carried forward for detailed analysis.

These include maintenance and repair of installation roads that provide network connectivity for non-mission essential support that are located adjacent to areas that are environmentally sensitive (e.g., wetlands and habitats for threatened and endangered species) and subject to tidal flooding. It also includes widening and raising of roads that would impact wetlands and/or sensitive habitat where such widening and raising is not required in order to meet operational needs. In addition to the Army’s environmental stewardship commitments, adverse impacts to adjacent habitats and the species that use these habitats would result in unnecessary exorbitant expenses to mitigate those adverse impacts.

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT ELIMINATED FROM FURTHER ANALYSIS

The following alternatives were considered, but were not carried forward for detailed analysis in this EA based on the screening criteria outlined in Section 2.1.

• Alternatives that would relocate existing road and rail infrastructure and result in a new construction footprint (with the exception of the Rinquist Road realignment) would not meet any of the screening criteria and, therefore, were not carried forward for detailed analysis.

• Alternatives for construction materials and/or methodology were considered but were not carried forward based on the criteria to be consistent with the Army’s planning and design process.

• An alternative for a more extensive list of road repairs to include installation roads that provide network connectivity for non-mission essential support was considered but eliminated due to the potential for greater adverse environmental impacts.

Chapter 2: Description of Proposed Action and Alternatives 2-3 April 2017

NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE

Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) regulations require analysis of a No Action Alternative in an EA to provide a benchmark, enabling decision makers to compare the magnitude of the potential environmental effects caused by the proposed action and other alternative actions.

The No Action Alternative is not required to be reasonable, nor does it need to meet the purpose and need described in Section 1.2. An analysis of the No Action Alternative is required even if the agency is under a court order or legislative mandate to act.

Under the No Action Alternative, the linear infrastructure throughout MOTCO would not be repaired. Roads and bridges at MOTCO would continue to degrade to a point at which they would be unsafe to be used during missions, and the utility system would deteriorate until it was dysfunctional. In the near-term, the lack of bridge and roadway improvements at MOTCO would begin to require the issuance of additional operational restrictions in speed, weight, and vehicle travel patterns. As facilities decline, safety factors could be compromised forcing the Army to accept significant risk to personnel safety and property. Over time, road and bridge restrictions could affect mission capabilities to such an extent that MOTCO could be unable to meet documented Department of Defense (DOD) mission requirements in support of normal and contingency operations.

ALTERNATIVE 1

Overview, Project Area Definition and Timeline

Alternative 1 includes the implementation of required repairs to MOTCO’s linear infrastructure as further specified in the subsections that follow. The proposed repairs are separated into near-term (FY 2017–2021) and long-term (after FY 2021) planned projects. For the near-term projects, the FY identified for each individual repair project is the anticipated execution year.

The execution year is the planned timeline for the Army to have a contract in place for each project. The construction timeline follows, but lags behind the execution timeline (due to pre-planning and associated work that precedes construction actions). The long-term planned projects are reasonably expected to be implemented sometime after FY 2021. The type of repair to be implemented is based on recommendations made in the RPMP and Utility Master Plan, and subsequent individual road and bridge inspections conducted 2013–2015 by the USACE Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC). Details on proposed repairs for the near-term projects are based on design work conducted by the USACE Sacramento District.

The project area (i.e., where physical effects of proposed activities would occur) is defined based on the following assumptions:

• With the exception of the Rinquist Road realignment, all repair activities (i.e., those having direct effects) would occur within the existing roadway, previously disturbed shoulder, or existing bridge footprint. This includes necessary geotechnical borings

2-4 Chapter 2: Description of Proposed Action and Alternatives April 2017 to support road and bridge design and repair efforts. The previously disturbed road shoulder varies by road segment, but is generally approximately 10-15 feet from the edge of the existing roadway.

• For the Rinquist Road realignment, the direct effects would include direct disturbance of the proposed realignment of road segments as well as removal of pavement and restoration of closed road segments to natural conditions. The area of indirect effect includes the areas adjacent to existing and new road segments.

• Indirect effects (i.e., those which are caused by the repair activities but occur later in time or further removed in distance) would occur within an area defined as 50 feet from the edge of pavement on either side of the respective road and/or bridge.

Indirect effects may also extend up- or downstream to varying distances.

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