B08 ATTACHMENT 0004 Appendix C-LPS-Fire-Protection Inspection-Testing-Maint.pdf

April 2019 Interim Revision July 2019

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM INSPECTION, TESTING AND MAINTENANCE

Table of Contents Page

1.0 SCOPE

1.1 Hazards

1.2 Changes

2.0 LOSS PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Fire Protection System Impairment Precautions

2.2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance Programs

2.3 General Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Practices

2.4 Fire Protection System Inspsection, Test, and Maintenance Frequencies

2.4.1 General

2.4.2 Fire Protection Control Valves in Automatic and Manual Fire Protection Systems

2.5 Automatic Sprinkler Systems

2.5.1 All Sprinkler Systems

2.5.2 Wet Sprinkler Systems

2.5.3 Dry, Preaction, Vacuum, Deluge, Fixed-Water Spray and Refrigerated Area

Sprinkler Systems

2.6 Manual Fire Protection Systems

2.6.1 Fire Hydrants, Standpipe Systems, and Monitor Nozzles

2.7 Flow and Pressure-Regulating Valves

2.7.1 Pressure-Reducing Valves

2.7.2 Pressure-Relieving and Suction-Control Valves

2.7.3 Backflow Preventers and Single Check Valves

2.8 Fire Service Mains

2.9 Fire Pumps

2.9.1 All Fire Pumps

2.9.2 Electric Fire Pumps

2.9.3 Diesel Fire Pumps

2.9.4 Fire Pump Room

2.9.5 Pump Performance

2.9.6 Remote Alarms

2.9.7 Fire Pump Alignment

2.10 Water Sources

2.10.1 Open-Water Sources and Water Storage Tanks

2.11 Special Protection Systems

2.11.1 Gaseous and Dry Chemical

2.11.2 Water Mist System

2.11.3 Foam Systems

2.12 Preventing Freeze-Up in Fire Protection Systems

2.12.1 Administrating the Freeze-Up Prevention Program

2.12.2 Freeze-Up Prevention During the Heating Season

2.12.3 Freeze-Up Prevention During Periods of Extreme Cold

3.0 SUPPORT FOR RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 Supplemental Information

3.1.1 Control Valve

3.1.2 Valve Inspections

3.1.3 Fire Protection System Obstructions

3.1.4 Overheating

FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets 2-81

©2019 Factory Mutual Insurance Company. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of Factory Mutual Insurance Company.

3.1.5 Corrosion

3.1.6 Dry-Pipe Systems

3.1.7 Hydrants

3.1.8 Monitors and Nozzles

3.1.9 Backflow Prevention Assemblies

3.1.10 Water Storage Tanks with Flexible Liners

3.1.11 Fire Pumps

3.1.12 Ice Plugs

4.0 REFERENCES

4.1 FM Global

4.2 Other

APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF TERMS

APPENDIX B DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

APPENDIX C INSPECTION FORMS

List of Tables Table 1. Control Valves in Automatic and Manual Fire Protection Systems Table 2a. ITM Activities Applicable to All Types of Sprinkler Systems Table 2b. Wet Sprinkler Systems Table 2c. Dry, Preaction, Vacuum, Deluge, Fixed-Water Spray, and Refrigerated Area Sprinkler Systems . 10 Table 3. Fire Hydrants, Standpipe Systems, and Monitor Nozzles Table 4. Pressure-Relieving and Suction-Control Valves Table 5. Backflow Preventers and Single Check Valves Table 6. Fire Service Mains Table 7. Fire Pumps Table 7. Fire Pumps (continued) Table 8a. Open-Water Sources Table 8b. Water Storage Tanks Table 8b. Water Storage Tanks (continued) Table 9a. Gaseous and Dry Chemical Systems Table 9a. Gaseous and Dry Chemical Systems (continued) Table 9b. Water Mist Systems Table 9b. Water Mist Systems (continued) Table 9c. Foam Sytems Table 9c. Foam Sytems (continued) Table 10a. Prior To, During, and Following the Heating Season Table 10b. Prior To and During Periods of Extreme Cold Table 11. Waterflow Recommended for Flushing Piping

2-81 Fire Protection System Inspection Page 2 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

©2019 Factory Mutual Insurance Company. All rights reserved.

1.0 SCOPE

This document provides guidance on inspection, testing, and maintenance (ITM) of privately-owned fire protection systems that automatically or manually discharge fire extinguishing agents (e.g., water, foam, gas, or dry chemical).

Refer to the applicable FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheet for guidance on fire protection system design, installation, and acceptance (commission testing).

Refer to the applicable data sheet for guidance on ITM of non-agent discharging fire protection systems, including stand-alone fire detection systems (Data Sheet 5-48), and containment/drainage (Data Sheet 7-83).

Refer to Data Sheet 10-7, Impairment Management, for precautions to implement when a fire protection system is out of service.

1.1 Hazards

For a description of the hazards associated with the lack of inspection, testing, and maintenance of fire protection systems, see the following FM Global Understanding the Hazard (UTH) brochures:

• Lack of Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems (P0343)

• Poor Valve Supervision (P0035)

• Dry-Pipe Sprinkler Flushing Investigations (PO241)

• Freeze (P0148)

• Ice Plugs (P0118)

• Ice Plugs in Dry Pendent Sprinklers in Freezers (P0382)

• Fire Pumps (P0252)

• Hot Work (P0032)

• Lack of Emergency Response (P0034)

• Lack of Prefire Planning (P0033)

1.2 Changes

July 2019. Interim revision. Minor editorial changes were made.

April 2019. This document has been completely revised. Major changes include the following:

A. Changed the title from Fire Protection System Inspection Testing and Maintenance and other Fire Loss Prevention Inspections to Fire Protection System Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance.

B. Relocated impairment management information to Data Sheet 10-7.

C. Relocated fire prevention inspections information to Data Sheet 10-0.

D. Incorporated ITM recommendations from the following data sheets:

• 3-1, Tanks and Reservoirs for Interconnected Fire Service and Public Mains

• 3-2, Water Tanks for Fire Protection

• 3-3, Cross Connections

• 3-4, Embankment-Supported Fabric Tanks

• 3-6, Lined Earth Reservoirs for Fire Protection

• 3-10, Installation/Maintenance of Private Service Mains and Their Appurtenances

• 3-11, Pressure-Reducing Valves for Fire Protection Service

• 4-0, Special Protection Systems

• 4-1N, Fixed Water Spray Systems for Fire Protection

• 4-2, Water Mist Systems

• 4-3N, Medium and High Expansion Foam Systems

• 4-4N, Standpipe and Hose Systems

• 4-7N, Low Expansion Foam Systems

• 4-8N, Halon 1301 Fire Extinguishing Systems

• 4-9, Halocarbon and Inert Gas (Clean Agent) Fire Extinguishing Systems

• 4-10, Dry Chemical Systems

• 4-11N, Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems

• 4-12, Foam-Water Sprinkler Systems

E. Modified the scope and frequency of ITM activities.

Fire Protection System Inspection 2-81 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 3

2.0 LOSS PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS

2.1 Introduction

Automatic fire protection systems are a reliable and effective means of mitigating fire risk, provided the systems are properly designed, installed, and maintained. After system installation and acceptance testing, implementing an ITM program will help ensure the fire system can be depended on to protect your facility.

It is equally important that, when inspection, testing, and maintenance operations are carried out, proper planning and impairment procedures are followed to minimize the amount of time systems are out of service, and to have in place a means to readily return the system to service in the event of an emergency during these procedures. Coordination with the in-house emergency response team, as well as close supervision of any outside contractors performing these services, are essential to minimize the hazard involved and reduce the risk to the facility.

Tables 1-10 contain both frequency-based and event-driven ITM activities. Frequency-based activities are listed with a baseline frequency, and references to any additional technical detail are included in the tables.

Appendix C contains sample forms to serve as checklists and/or to document the results of ITM activities.

These forms may be customized to meet the individual needs of a facility.

2.1.1 Fire Protection System Impairment Precautions

Routine inspection, testing, and maintenance of fire protection equipment can create an impairment to the system, and these impairments need to be properly managed. Whenever fire protection water supplies, sprinklers, fire pumps, or special protection is impaired, an unusual fire protection hazard exists and specific fire prevention procedures are necessary. Follow procedures based on the FM Global Red Tag Permit System (or equivalent) and as outlined Data Sheet 10-7, Fire Protection Impairment Management, to ensure complete precautionary measures are taken and ignition sources are controlled.

2.2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance Programs

2.2.1 Use trained personnel or qualified contractors to perform ITM.

2.2.1.1 Provide initial and annual refresher training for facility personnel performing ITM. Ensure personnel are knowledgeable on: location of critical system components (e.g., control valves); system operation; relevant procedures; and identifying abnormal conditions that may render a system inoperable. Train and maintain a competent group of back-up facility personnel in the event primary personnel suddenly become unavailable (e.g., illness or transfer).

2.2.1.2 Select qualified contractors who meet the requirements of local codes and authorities having jurisdiction. Supervise fire protection contractors performing ITM in accordance with Data Sheet 10-4, Contractor Management.

2.2.2 Document completed ITM activities. At a minimum, include the following in the documentation:

• Specific systems and equipment covered

• Type of ITM

• Results

• Comments or corrective actions needed

Retain ITM documentation for auditing by management and/or authorities having jurisdiction for a minimum of one year.

2.2.3 Audit the fire protection system ITM program.

A. Establish an audit frequency based on facility conditions, such as the past program audit results, but at least annually.

B. Review program documentation, including policies and procedures (to ensure they remain current);

completed ITM documentation (for thoroughness and unresolved corrective actions); record retention;

timeliness of ITM work-order completion and outstanding work-orders; and training.

C. Witness employees or contractors performing ITM activities.

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2.3 General Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Practices

2.3.1 Use an impairment management program (FM Global Red Tag Permit System or equivalent) when protection is taken out of service to conduct ITM. Refer to Data Sheet 10-7 for examples of fire protection systems impaired during ITM.

2.3.2 Incorporate an impairment alert into ITM work orders, procedures, or contracts if the activity renders a protection system out of service.

2.3.3 Conduct alarm device testing that initiates fire alarms outside of normal operating or production hours to limit disruption within the facility. Prohibit the use of jumpers or forces to temporarily bypass an alarm device that initiates a fire or supervisory alarm to facilitate testing.

2.3.4 Conduct alarm device testing that initiates an automatic shutdown of building’s system or process equipment during planned or unplanned maintenance outages. However, if bypassing an alarm device is unavoidable, either of the following alternatives are tolerable if an impairment management program is also used.

A. Install a lockable switch with exterior position indication (i.e., open or closed) in the alarm circuit. Locate the isolation switch near the alarm device, allowing for periodic inspection of the switch conditions (secured and closed position).

B. Use a jumper or force to temporarily bypass an alarm device.

2.3.5 Use an impairment management program (FM Global Red Tag Permit System or equivalent) when fire protection systems are discovered to be out of service through ITM. Inoperable components, poor system performance, and poor physical condition are instances in which a fire protection system may be considered out of service. See Data Sheet 10-7 for examples of fire protection systems discovered to be out of service through ITM.

2.4 Fire Protection System Inspsection, Test, and Maintenance Frequencies

2.4.1 General

Sections 2.4 through 2.12 contain recommendations for the scope and frequency of fire protection system ITM activities. Some of these activities may be modified based on positive or negative factors present at the facility. Clients of FM Global can discuss modifying ITM activities with an FM Global field engineer.

2.4.2 Fire Protection Control Valves in Automatic and Manual Fire Protection Systems

2.4.2.1 Perform control valve inspection and test activities for automatic and manual fire protection systems in accordance with Table 1.

Fire Protection System Inspection 2-81 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 5

Table 1. Control Valves in Automatic and Manual Fire Protection Systems

ID ITM Activity & Scope Frequency Details 1a Visually inspect indicating control valves for full-open, secured, and accessible conditions.

Weekly Record visual inspection results on a form listing all control valves and their locations and areas. See Appendix C for a sample form.

1b Inspect control valves installed in waterflow alarm sensing lines when the alarm actuates process or building interlocks for full-open and locked conditions.

1c Visually inspect enhanced security indicating control valves for full-open, secured, and accessible conditions.

Semiannually Record visual inspection results on a form listing all control valves and their locations and areas. See Appendix C for a sample form.

2 Physically test control valves for full-open position when the valve does not have a position indicator or has a position indicator that is deemed unreliable.

Monthly Record physical inspection results on a form listing all control valves and their locations and areas. See Appendix C for a sample form.

This includes post-indicating valves (PIV); wall-mounted post-indicating valves (WPIV);

non-FM Approved indicating-butterfly valves (IBV); non-rising stem (NRS) valves; curb-box/ road-way (CB/RW) valves; and non-indicating butterfly valves.

3 Test control valve supervisory alarms and enhanced security control valves (e.g., tamper switches).

Semiannually

4 Full-travel exercise all control valves recording number of turns-to-close and turns-to-reopen.

Annually

2.4.2.3 Secure control valves using the following methods. Note that a control valve is considered secured when the valve operator is prevented from being manipulated more than one turn toward the closed position, or at all for quarter-turn valves (e.g., ball valves).

A. Secure each control valve separately with a dedicated lock and chain. Secure control valves with a sturdy, key-operated lock and chain capable of withstanding breakage except by heavy-duty bolt cutters or similar hand tools. Do not use combination locks. Do not use seals or breakaway locks except when valves are 1.5 in. (38 mm) nominal diameter or smaller, or control five or fewer sprinklers. Treat valves in the waterflow alarm sensing lines actuating process and building interlocks as control valves in automatic fire protection systems.

B. For a wall-mounted post-indicating valve, ensure the valve hand-wheel cannot be removed from the valve stem when the valve is secured.

C. For a curb-box/road-way valve, secure all operating wrenches with a sturdy lock and chain, and inspect valve sleeve for cover.

2.4.2.4 Limit the distribution of control valve keys to only individuals responsible for fire protection system ITM, and local management.

2.4.2.5 Ensure control valves remain accessible in case of an emergency. Additionally, verify the appropriate signage is in place to identify the control valve and, where necessary, signage is in place to quickly locate control valves not readily visible.

2.5 Automatic Sprinkler Systems

2.5.1 All Sprinkler Systems

2.5.1.1 Conduct the ITM activities recommended in Table 2a for all types of sprinkler systems (wet, dry, preaction, deluge, fixed water spray, antifreeze, and refrigerated area).

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Table 2a. ITM Activities Applicable to All Types of Sprinkler Systems

ID Recommendation Frequency Details 1 Inspect, test, and exercise control valves in automatic fire protection systems.

Per Table 1 Per Table 1

2 Test waterflow alarms (including flow switches) by flowing water through a system test connection.

Quarterly (Annually for antifreeze systems)

Verify the following:

- Local notification devices (e.g., bell, horn, and/or strobe) activate.

- Alarms register on remote fire alarm control panels in constantly attended locations or at central alarm monitoring stations.

3 Test building and/or process interlocks actuated by waterflow alarms to verify the desired system actions are initiated and achieved.

Annually

4 Flow test from system main-drain to check for significant obstructions in the water supply upstream of each system riser.

Annually If multiple system risers are manifolded together and supplied by a common lead-in, then one main-drain test will sufficiently evaluate the water supply available to all system risers fed from the manifold.

Ideally, main-drain testing is completed after annual control valve exercising, as main-drain testing is often the final step in restoring system impairments such as valve closures.

5 Investigate systems for obstructive debris.

When obstructions suspected See 2.5.1.2.

6 Conduct a complete system flushing.

Physically remove obstructive deposits or replace piping.

When obstructions discovered (debris)

See 2.5.1.2.

7 Inspect system sprinklers, nozzles, piping, pipe support, and seismic protection for damage and/or other poor conditions.

Annually or more frequently based on the operating environment or facility experience. (see 2.5.1.3.2)

See 2.5.1.3.

8 Test a random sample of sprinklers with fusible elements rated for 360°F (180°C) or greater when subjected to prolonged exposures of around 300°F (149°C) or higher.

Every 3 years

9 Test a random sample of recalled O-ring sprinklers.

Every 5 years

10 Test a random sample of dry-type sprinklers (AKA dry pendent)

Every 15 years

11 Replace all dry-type sprinklers manufactured prior to 2003 (AKA dry pendent).

When found

12 Replace all non-operated sprinklers within a minimum of 20 ft (6 m) of any operated sprinklers.

After a fire

2.5.1.2 Investigation for and Removal of Obstructive Debris

2.5.1.2.1 Investigate the feed main, a minimum of one cross main, and a minimum of three branch lines using one of the following methods:

A. Flushing investigation in accordance with Section 3.1.3

B. Videoscope inspection in accordance with Section 3.1.3

C. Ultrasonic localized guided wave evaluation in accordance with Section 3.1.3

Fire Protection System Inspection 2-81 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 7

2.5.1.2.2 When preparing the system for an investigation, collect any debris discharged from main or auxiliary drains.

2.5.1.2.3 Examine different portions of a system during subsequent investigations.

2.5.1.2.4 Treat the system as obstructed if any of the following conditions are present:

A. Approximately 1/2 cup (120 ml) or more of debris is found in a cross main.

B. Debris pieces found in piping are large enough to plug a sprinkler orifice.

C. Flow from a branch line is obstructed.

D. Analysis of the videoscope inspection or ultrasonic localized guided wave evaluation results determines the system is obstructed.

2.5.1.2.5 If the system is deemed obstructed by debris, conduct a complete system flushing in accordance with Section 3.1.3. Treat the system as impaired protection until system piping is completely flushed.

2.5.1.2.6 During ITM activities or pipe alterations, if deposits (tubercles) are found attached to internal pipe walls, physically remove the deposits or replace the affected sections of pipe. Additionally, refer to Data Sheet 2-1, Corrosion in Automatic Sprinkler Systems, and develop a solution to suppress the existing corrosion mechanism and prevent the tubercles from reforming.

2.5.1.3 Inspect sprinkler system components for damage and/or other poor conditions.

2.5.1.3.1 Conduct a close examination of sprinklers and nozzles to look for damage, including any of the following:

A. Leakage from the orifice button and seal as shown by green discoloration or white deposits.

B. Surface corrosion when exposed in or near atmospheres containing high humidity and temperature, caustic or acidic vapor, solvent vapor, or other corrosive agents.

C. Surface accumulations, including residue or dust.

D. Paint when not properly protected during painting operations, whether occurring at floor or ceiling level.

E. Exposure to temperatures within 50°F (28°C) of their temperature rating (e.g., located above ceiling-level heating equipment or near heated process equipment).

F. Indications of freeze damage, including reduced link tension, metal gaskets forced upward, bent hook pieces, tilted glass or metal buttons, badly dished or distorted diaphragms, or bent struts.

G. Mechanical impact shown by distorted deflector or frame.

H. Sealed concealed sprinklers that have been adhered to the ceiling.

I. Damage to any protective devices (e.g., concealed cover plates, cages, plastic bags) or factory-applied coatings.

2.5.1.3.2 Inspect piping, pipe supports, and seismic protection for physical damage or poor conditions, including the following: bent piping (e.g., from mechanical impact); leaking fittings or piping due to corrosion;

missing, detached, corroded, or broken pipe hanger or seismic brace assemblies; and piping used to support wiring or other materials.

2.5.1.3.3 Tailor inspection frequency and scope based on facility experience (inspection results and/or past instances of sprinkler leakage), and consider if measures have been taken to reduce the susceptibility to sprinkler damage (wax-coatings or corrosion-resistant construction).

2.5.1.3.4 Complete piping inspections from floor level unless large sections of piping are obstructed from view or difficult to see (e.g., within combustible concealed spaces, automated storage retrieval systems or buildings with tall roofs).

2.5.1.3.5 If damage is discovered during inspections, perform the following:

A. Test a random sample of sprinklers or replace sprinklers in accordance with Data Sheet 2-0.

B. Test a random sample of nozzles or replace nozzles in accordance with Data Sheet 4-2.

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C. Protect sprinklers/nozzles, or control the environmental conditions that caused the damage, in accordance with Data Sheets 2-0 and/or 4-2.

2.5.1.3.6 Increase the inspection frequency (from annually) when sprinklers/nozzles are exposed to harsh environmental conditions (corrosives, dirt, dust, oil) or prone to impact.

Examples of harsh environmental conditions include process equipment containing elevated temperatures and high humidity; caustic or acidic vapor, solvent vapor (e.g., dryers/ovens, oil cookers, paint-spray tunnels);

and exhaust ventilation systems conveying particulates or gases/vapor.

Examples of locations where sprinklers/nozzles are prone to impact include in-rack sprinklers within warehouse racking and sprinklers positioned close to conveyor systems.

2.5.2 Wet Sprinkler Systems

2.5.2.1 For wet sprinkler systems, in addition to the ITM activities listed in Table 2a, conduct the ITM activities listed in Table 2b.

Table 2b. Wet Sprinkler Systems

ID Recommendation Frequency Details 1 Test telescopic sprinkler assemblies installed in anechoic chambers.

Varies See Data Sheet 1-53.

2 Check systems fed by an open water supply for obstructive debris regardless of pipe material.

Every 5 years See Section 3.1.3.

3 Check systems for mineral deposits at sprinkler-pipe connections in areas known or suspected to have hard water.

Every 5 years See Section 2.5.2.2.

4 For systems with antifreeze solutions, test the antifreeze solution.

Annually - Determine the specific gravity and the corresponding concentration of antifreeze in the system.

- Evaluate the adequacy of the antifreeze concentration in terms of both freeze protection (freeze point

vs. ambient temperature) and fire hazard in accordance with Data Sheet 2-0.

- Test the antifreeze solution prior to the cold weather season.

2.5.2.2 In systems where hard water is known or suspected, focus inspections at sprinkler-pipe connections in the following areas:

A. Water-filled piping exposed to high-temperatures, such as in or near heated equipment, or at roof peaks in warm climates.

B. Older sprinkler systems that have been frequently drained and refilled.

C. Pendent sprinklers located away from air pockets near convective currents (i.e., sprinklers and piping at the lower portions of a system).

2.5.2.2.1 Inspect a random sample of sprinklers on several branch lines. Remove at least five sprinklers from different branch lines and inspect the threaded pipe connection and sprinkler internals for deposits.

2.5.2.2.2 Document portions of the system investigated and the findings to ensure future investigations building on previous inspections including: refrain from re-inspecting sections of the system previously found free of deposits until the entire system is inspected; and revisit sections of the system where deposits have been found.

Fire Protection System Inspection 2-81 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 9

2.5.2.2.3 When deposits are discovered, replace sprinklers containing deposits and widen the scope of the investigation to include additional sprinklers and piping inspections.

2.5.3 Dry, Preaction, Vacuum, Deluge, Fixed-Water Spray and Refrigerated Area Sprinkler Systems

2.5.3.1 For dry, preaction, vacuum, deluge, fixed-water spray and refrigerated area sprinkler systems, in addition to the ITM activities listed in Table 2a, conduct the ITM activities listed in Table 2c. Items 1-16 apply to all dry, preaction, vacuum, deluge, fixed-water spray and refrigerated area sprinkler systems. Item 17 applies to preaction and vacuum systems. Items 18-20 apply to refrigerated area sprinkler systems. Items 21-24 apply to deluge and fixed-water spray systems.

Table 2c. Dry, Preaction, Vacuum, Deluge, Fixed-Water Spray, and Refrigerated Area Sprinkler Systems

ID Recommendation Frequency Details 1 Check system valve air and water pressures (including for pilot lines).

Weekly

2 Verify the quick-opening device for in-service conditions, including equalized air pressure and open control valves.

Weekly

3 Confirm system valve enclosures are maintained above 40°F (5°C).

Weekly

4 Verify the automatic drain valve is open and free to move.

Monthly

5 Check priming-water level within the system valve.

Monthly

6 Check the condition of the compressed air supply (including for pilot lines).

Monthly

7 Visually check indicating desiccant in compressed air dryers for saturation (including for pilot lines).

Monthly

8 Physically/visually check the condition of desiccant in compressed air dryers (including for pilot lines).

Every 3 years (Annually for systems protecting areas constantly maintained below freezing)

- Physically check non-indicating desiccant for saturation.

- Visually inspect both indicating and non-indicating desiccants for deterioration/breakdown.

9 Test quick-opening devices (QOD) without tripping the system valve.

Annually if FM Approved devices;

otherwise quarterly

10 Determine the air leakage rate of the system (including for pilot lines).

Annually Use leakage rates to:

- identify systems prone to false trip during power outages (loss of compressed air supply).

- determine when action is needed to reduce air leakage rate or improve the reliability of compressed air supply.

11 Test supervisory alarms for low air pressure (including for pilot lines) and low temperature in system valve enclosures.

Annually (Quarterly for systems protecting areas constantly maintained below freezing)

Verify supervisory alarms surface on system control panels, fire alarm control panels, and/or at remote monitoring stations.

12 Inspect and clean system valve internals and associated valve trim.

Annually

13 Partial-flow trip test system valves. Annually Verify the system valve trip point (and trip time when possible) are in agreement with the last full-flow trip test results.

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Table 2c. Dry, Preaction, Vacuum, Deluge, Fixed-Water Spray, and Refrigerated Area Sprinkler Systems (continued)

14 Full-flow trip test, videoscope or ultrasonic localized guided wave evaluation of systems.

Every 3 years, or every 10 years for systems with nitrogen

Verify systems can deliver water to hydraulically remote areas within the specified time. The maximum water delivery time is 60 seconds unless stated otherwise in an FM Global data sheet specifically for the occupancy or hazard being protected. Use of videoscope or ultrasonic localized guided wave evaluation can determine if the piping is clear of debris and can be used as an alternative to confirm delivery of water.

15 Check systems (excluding refrigerated area systems and systems originally installed with nitrogen) containing black steel pipe for obstructive debris.

At 10 years, 20 years, and every 5 years thereafter

See Section 2.5.1.2.

16 Check the system for obstructive debris.

After the 3rd false trip in 12 months on open water supply

For preaction and vacuum sprinkler systems, conduct items 1-16 and item 17.

17 Test control panels, fire detectors, and backup power supplies used to actuate system valves.

Annually See Data Sheets 5-40 and 5-48.

For refrigerated area sprinkler systems, conduct items 1-16 and items 18-20.

18 Verify there is one duplex line in service supplying compressed air, and check the in-service duplex line for an ice plug.

Monthly If ice is forming within the in-service duplex line, place the second duplex line into service, and remove ice from the first duplex line.

19 Inspect sprinklers and piping for exterior ice buildup.

Quarterly Focus inspections on wall penetrations where warm moist air could enter the freezer, including above personnel and fork-truck doors, and conveyor openings.

20 Check systems and pilot sprinkler lines for ice plugs along with freeze damage to piping and sprinklers.

Semiannually and after every system trip

Visually inspect pipe internals for ice plugs by disassembly and visual inspection, videoscope or ultrasonic localized guided wave evaluation.

Inspect each branch line and cross main to ascertain whether ice has formed.

If an ice plug is discovered, treat the system as impaired until the ice plug is removed. Do not attempt to melt ice plugs using hot work as fire protection is impaired. Remove ice plugs by disassembling the subject piping and relocating the piping to a warm area.

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Table 2c. Dry, Preaction, Vacuum, Deluge, Fixed-Water Spray, and Refrigerated Area Sprinkler Systems (continued)

ID Recommendation Frequency Details Scope For deluge and fixed-water spray systems, conduct items 1-16 and items 21-24.

21 Test control panels, fire detectors, and backup power supplies used to actuate system valves.

Annually See Data Sheets 5-40 and 5-48.

22 Disassemble and inspect system strainers.

Every 3 years Inspect system strainers for holes and corrosion or mechanical damage.

23 Flush system strainers until clear. After every system trip 24 Remove a random sample of nozzles and inspect nozzles, pipe connections, and strainers for obstructive debris.

After Every System Trip - Visually confirm waterflow and proper spray distribution from nozzles.

- Compare base of riser and remote pressure measurements to design and/or acceptance results.

- If obstructions are suspected, investigate using one of the following methods:

a. Disassembly of piping and visual inspection.

b. Full-trip test and nozzle inspection.

c. Videoscope inspection in accordance with 3.1.3.

d. Ultrasonic localized guided wave evaluation in accordance with 3.1.3.

- If the system is deemed obstructed by debris, develop a plan to remove obstructions from piping. Treat the system as impaired protection until obstructions are removed.

2.6 Manual Fire Protection Systems

2.6.1 Fire Hydrants, Standpipe Systems, and Monitor Nozzles

2.6.1.1 For fire hydrants, standpipe systems, and monitor nozzles, conduct the ITM activities listed in Table 3.

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Table 3. Fire Hydrants, Standpipe Systems, and Monitor Nozzles

1 Inspect, test, and exercise control valves. Annually Per Table 1.

2 Check hydrants and standpipes for accessibility, leakage, and damage.

Monthly

3 Check hydrant hose houses, standpipe valves and hose stations, and portable and fixed monitors for equipment availability, accessibility, and damage.

Quarterly

4 Inspect and flow test fire hydrants. Annually 5 Inspect, exercise, and flow test monitors and nozzles.

Annually Exercise monitors through their full range of travel, including sidetoside and upanddown.

6 Inspect, test, and maintain fire hose, hose couplings, and hose appliances per local jurisdictional requirements and/or the manufacturer’s guidelines, whichever is more stringent.

Varies

7 Inspect hydrant, standpipe hose and/or nozzles, and monitors and nozzles for damage, leaks, or debris lodged in nozzle strainers.

After every use

8 Flow test standpipe systems, achieving design flow and hose valve pressure.

Every 5 years

2.7 Flow and Pressure-Regulating Valves

2.7.1 Pressure-Reducing Valves

2.7.1.1 See Data Sheet 3-11, Pressure Reducing Valves for Fire Protection Service, for ITM recommendations.

2.7.2 Pressure-Relieving and Suction-Control Valves

2.7.2.1 For pressure-relieving and suction-control valves, conduct the ITM activities listed in Table 4.

Table 4. Pressure-Relieving and Suction-Control Valves

ID Recommendation Frequency Details 1 Test pressure-relieving and suction-control valves in supply piping.

Annually - Verify the operation of pressure-relieving and suction-control valves in supply piping by flowing the water downstream of the valve (from hydrants or a pump test header).

- Verify proper valve modulation.

- Confirm the regulating valve setpoint. For suction-control valves, confirming valve modulation and setpoints may not be possible, but at least verify the valve does not begin to throttle flow at or near sprinkler system demands or maximum fire pump design capacity. For example, verify the suction-control valve remains full open while flowing in excess of 150% fire pump capacity.

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2.7.3 Backflow Preventers and Single Check Valves

2.7.3.1 For backflow preventers and single check valves, conduct the ITM activities listed in Table 5.

Table 5. Backflow Preventers and Single Check Valves

ID Recommendation Frequency Details 1 Conduct a full-flow test in excess of the greatest sprinkler demand. Measure and record the flow rate during testing.

Annually - A full-flow test can be completed by flowing water through a bypass line, hydrant or other outlet downstream of the backflow prevention or single check valve.

- An alternative means of conducting a full-flow test is to reverse the check-valve in the fire department connection piping, flowing water through supply piping, and discharging out of the fire department connection.

- Given the size of the fire service piping, the fire service connection flush will yield flow rates through a backflow preventer sufficiently close to sprinkler system demands.

2 Inspect valve internals for debris and damage. Every 5 years

2.8 Fire Service Mains

2.8.1 For fire service mains, conduct the ITM activities listed in Table 6.

Table 6. Fire Service Mains

ID Recommendation Frequency Details 1 Inspect, test, and exercise control valves. Per Table 1. Per Table 1.

2 Disassemble and inspect supply strainers. Annually Inspect in-line supply strainers for holes, and corrosion or mechanical damage.

3 Check systems for obstructive debris or deposits.

When obstructions suspected

4 Conduct a complete system flushing. When obstructions (debris) discovered

- Flush mains and lead-in connections to system risers through hydrants at dead ends of the system or through accessible aboveground flushing outlets, allowing the water to run until clear.

- If water is supplied from more than one source or from a looped system, close divisional valves to produce a high velocity flow through each single line.

5 Flush in-line supply strainers until clear. After every significant flow

When a flow in excess of a main-drain test occurs, flush in-line supply strainers until clear. Examples of such flows include: hydrant flow testing; dry, preaction, or deluge system valve trip; or flushing obstruction investigation.

2.9 Fire Pumps

2.9.1 All Fire Pumps

2.9.1.1 For all types of fire pumps, conduct the ITM activities listed in Table 7. Items 1-9 apply to all fire pumps.

Item 10 applies to electric fire pumps. Items 11-17 apply to diesel fire pumps.

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Table 7. Fire Pumps

1 Inspect, test, and exercise control valves. Per Table 1. Per Table 1.

2 Start the pump in automatic mode via pressure drop or waterflow alarm and allow the pump to churn, reaching normal operating conditions.

Monthly for electric pumps

See 2.9.2.

Weekly for diesel pumps

See 2.9.3.

3 Inspect the pump room for satisfactory conditions.

Weekly See 2.9.4.

4 Test pump performance and verify suction supply availability.

Annually See 2.9.5.

5 Verify the pump controller is set for manual stop only.

Annually

6 Verify automatic start and stop set points of pressure maintenance devices through testing.

Annually

7 Test pump controller supervisory alarms. Annually See 2.9.6.

8 Test automatic fill systems on priming tanks when taking suction under lift.

Annually

9 Check alignment of pumps and drivers that are coupled.

Annually See 2.9.7.

Table 7. Fire Pumps (continued)

ID Recommendation Frequency Details For electric fire pumps, conduct items 1-9 and item 10.

10 Inspect, test, and maintain primary and secondary power feeds, including automatic transfer switches to electric fire pumps.

Per Data Sheet 5-20. Per Data Sheet 5-20.

For diesel fire pumps, conduct items 1-9 and 11-17.

11 Check the condition of engine batteries.

Monthly Check engine battery condition by determining the available cold-cranking amps using a battery tester. An alternative test method is to determine electrolyte specific gravity. Record test results for trending battery health.

12 Change engine oil and oil filter. Per manufacturer’s specifications but at least annually

13 Change oil in right-angle gear-drives.

Per manufacturer’s specifications but at least annually

14 Test primary and backup electronic control modules (ECM) on electronic fuel injected engines.

Annually

15 Drain water from the diesel tank sump.

Annually

16 Replace biodiesel within diesel tanks.

Per supplier’s instructions, but at least every 2 years

17 Replace engine batteries. Every 2 years Consider alternating battery replacement on an annual basis.

For example, replace battery set A in year 1, then replace battery set B in year 2.

2.9.2 Electric Fire Pumps

2.9.2.1 Inspect and test electric fire pumps for the following conditions.

2.9.2.1.1 Prior to start-testing, do the following:

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A. Confirm the pump controller is in automatic mode, and there are no trouble alarms registered on the controller.

B. Confirm the pump room temperature is maintained above 40°F (4°C).

C. Visually check the fire pump installation before starting the unit to identify:

1. Evidence of loose, rusted, corroded or damaged pump/driver securement bolts

2. Lack of guarding for the pump coupling or other exposed rotating components.

3. Evidence of filings/debris beneath the pump coupling unit indicating coupling deterioration.

4. Evidence of excessive corrosion of piping connected to the pump unit.

If any of the above conditions exist, investigate and resolve the issue before continuing with any testing.

2.9.2.1.2 Test the Electric Fire Pump

A. Test the pump in automatic mode via pressure drop or waterflow alarm, and allow the pump to churn for a minimum of 10 minutes.

B. At start and throughout the test:

1. Watch for any vibration or water leakage. Terminate churn or flow testing of fire pumps immediately if there are any indications of excess vibration, unusual loud noise, or excessive leakage from the pump packing, casing, or engine cooling system. Complete any repairs before resuming any churn/flow testing.

2. Verify waterflow through the pump seals is adequate (if packed seals are installed).

3. Verify flow from the circulation-relief valve.

4. Verify the pump casing is not overheating.

5. Record suction and discharge pressures.

C. Position properly trained facility personnel at the fire pump controller during any churn or flow testing to ensure prompt shutdown of the pump system if unusual conditions develop.

2.9.2.1.3 Following the churn-test:

A. Confirm the pump controller is in automatic mode.

B. If pumps are taking suction under lift, inspect the priming tank level and any fill controls.

2.9.3 Diesel Fire Pumps

2.9.3.1 Inspect and test diesel fire pumps for the following conditions.

2.9.3.1.1 Prior to start-testing:

A. Confirm the pump controller is in automatic mode, and there are no trouble alarms registered on the controller.

B. Confirm the pump room temperature is maintained above 40°F (4°C).

C. Check battery charger float current.

D. Check the battery electrolyte level.

E. Check oil level and quality.

F. Check air filter.

G. Confirm block heater is maintaining engine temperature above 90°F (32°C), or the pump room is maintained above 70°F (21°C).

H. If a right-angle gear-drive is installed, check gear oil level.

I. Visually check the fire pump installation before starting the unit to identify:

1. Evidence of loose, rusted, corroded or damaged pump/driver securement bolts

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2. Lack of guarding for the pump coupling or other exposed rotating components.

3. Evidence of filings/debris beneath the pump coupling unit indicating coupling deterioration.

4. Evidence of excess corrosion of piping connected to the pump unit.

If any of the above conditions exist, investigate and resolve the issue before continuing with any testing.

2.9.3.1.2 Test the Diesel Fire Pump

A. Test the pump in automatic mode via pressure drop or waterflow alarm, and allow the pump to churn for a minimum of 30 minutes.

B. At start and throughout the test:

1. Look for any vibration or water leakage. Terminate churn or flow testing of fire pumps immediately whenever there are any indications of excess vibration, unusual loud noise, or excessive leakage from the pump packing, casing, or engine cooling system. Complete any repairs before resuming any churn/flow testing.

2. Verify waterflow through the pump seals is adequate (if packed seals are installed).

3. If the engine is heat exchanger-cooled, at start and throughout the test verify raw water is flowing through the engine heat exchanger.

4. If the engine is radiator-cooled, at start and throughout the test verify flow from the circulation-relief valve.

5. Verify the pump casing is not overheating.

6. If a main-relief valve is installed to protect against diesel engine overspeed, verify water is not discharging through the valve at churn.

7. If a right-angle gear-drive is installed, verify the gear-drive is not overheating (e.g., if water-cooled, water is flowing through the heat exchanger).

8. Record suction and discharge pressures.

9. Record engine panel conditions including RPM, oil pressure, and coolant temperature.

C. Position properly trained facility personnel at the fire pump controller during any churn or flow testing to ensure prompt shutdown of the pump system if unusual conditions develop.

2.9.3.1.3 Following the churn-test:

A. Confirm the pump controller is in automatic mode.

B. If the engine is heat exchanger cooled, inspect and clean the raw water cooling loop strainers as follows:

1. If fed by an open water source, inspect and clean the strainer in the automatic loop after each pump start test.

2. If fed by a potable/filtered water source, inspect and clean the strainer in the automatic loop at least semiannually.

3. Inspect and clean the strainer in the manual bypass cooling loop every time it is used.

4. Flushing connections on strainers can be used to clean strainers (weekly or semiannually); however, remove and visually inspect strainers for damage at least annually.

C. Verify the diesel tank is at least 3/4 full or capable of providing 8 hours of runtime at 100% rated engine load.

2.9.4 Fire Pump Room

2.9.4.1 Inspect the fire pump room for the following items:

A. Fire pump controller is in automatic mode, and there are no trouble alarms registered on the controller.

B. Pump room temperature is maintained above 40°F (4°C).

C. Floor drains are clear of any obstructions.

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D. Ventilation louvers are operating freely.

E. Housekeeping is maintained, and room is free of combustible storage.

F. Electrical cabinets are shut and secured.

G. All valves are locked in the fully open position.

H. Piping is free of leaks.

I. Locks are secured on diesel tank discharge control valve and outdoor diesel tank fill caps.

J. Visually check the fire pump installation for the following:

1. Evidence of loose, rusted, corroded or damaged pump/driver securement bolts

2. Lack of guarding for the pump coupling or other exposed rotating components.

3. Evidence of filings/debris beneath the pump coupling unit indicating coupling deterioration.

4. Evidence of excess corrosion of piping connected to the pump unit.

2.9.5 Pump Performance

2.9.5.1 Evaluate pump performance and verify suction availability by discharging from a pump test connection.

2.9.5.1.1 Measurements

A. Record suction and discharge pressures and flow rate by flowing through a test header or through a flow meter to a tank or reservoir at a minimum of three test points: churn; rated pump capacity; and maximum pump capacity. If flowing through a flow meter, calibrate it every 3 years.

B. Record revolutions per minute (rpm) at each test point.

C. For electric pumps, record voltage and amperage at each test point (if available).

D. For diesel pumps, monitor and record coolant temperature and oil pressure, and record hours.

2.9.5.1.2 Evaluations

A. Compare the three test points to the manufacturer’s pump curve and/or pervious test results, adjusting for driver rpm as needed.

B. For electric pumps, compare actual amperage at 150% pump capacity and the full-load current (FLC) listed on the motor nameplate (if available).

C. For diesel pumps, verify actual pump speed is within 10% of rated pump speed when the pump is flowing at rated capacity (i.e., 100%).

2.9.6 Remote Alarms

2.9.6.1 Test the following remote alarms (at a minimum) and verify local notification devices activate (e.g., bell, horn, and/or strobe), and alarms surface on pump controllers, fire alarm control panels, and/or at remote monitoring stations.

A. For electric fire pumps:

• Pump running

• Loss of AC power to controller

• Loss of phase (single-phasing)

• Phase reversal

• Controller connected to alternate power source (if provided)

• Drive failure (variable speed pump only)

• Bypass mode (variable speed pump only)

• Over-pressure (variable speed pump only)

B. For diesel fire pumps:

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• Pump running (engine running)

• Controller main switch turned to ″OFF″ or ″MANUAL″

• Engine trouble

• Loss of AC power to controller

• Pump room trouble (when provided)

2.9.7 Fire Pump Alignment

2.9.7.1 Prior to starting the fire pump:

A. Visually check the fire pump installation for the following:

1. Evidence of loose, rusted, corroded or damaged pump/driver securement bolts

2. Lack of guarding for the pump coupling or other exposed rotating components

3. Evidence of filings/debris beneath the pump coupling unit indicating coupling deterioration

4. Evidence of excess corrosion of piping connected to the pump unit

Where any of the above conditions exist, investigate and resolve the issue before continuing.

B. Upon starting the pump, look for any vibration or water leakage. Terminate testing of the fire pump immediately whenever there are any indications of excess vibration, unusual loud noise, or excessive leakage from the pump packing, casing, or engine cooling system. Where any of the above conditions exist, investigate and resolve/repair the issue before continuing.

2.10 Water Sources

2.10.1 Open-Water Sources and Water Storage Tanks

2.10.1.1 For open-water sources, conduct the ITM activities listed in Table 8a. For water storage tanks conduct the ITM activities listed in Table 8b.

Table 8a. Open-Water Sources

ID Recommendation Frequency Details 1 Inspect, test, and exercise control valves.

Per Table 1. Per Table 1.

2 Verify the water level is sufficient. Weekly ormonthly

Inspect open-water sources to verify the water level is sufficient to support fire protection system demands (flow and duration). Make these inspections weekly if the water source is not equipped with a supervised water level alarm.

Inspect monthly if the water source is equipped with a supervisory water level alarm that has been tested (with satisfactory performance) at least annually.

3 Inspect and repair slopes of lined earth reservoirs for erosion.

Annually

4 Inspect and repair liner surface of lined earth reservoirs above the water level for ultraviolet ray damage.

Annually

5 Remove sediment, inspect and repair liner of lined earth reservoirs.

Every 5 years (or more frequently if warranted)

6 Visually check wet-pit intake screens and bar racks, and suction strainers for debris clogs and damage.

Weekly Remove debris and make repairs if needed. If not readily visible (e.g., from a walkway around or over the wet-pit), perform the check using a borescope, underwater camera, or diver.

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