B08 ATTACHMENT 0002 Appendix A-Loss-Prevention-Data-Sheet-2-0.pdf

January 2014 Interim Revision January 2018

INSTALLATION GUIDELINES FOR AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS

Table of Contents Page

1.0 SCOPE

1.1 Changes

1.2 Superseded Information

2.0 LOSS PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS

2.1 Nonstorage Sprinklers

2.1.1 Construction and Location

2.1.1.1 General

2.1.1.2 Wall or Ceiling Construction Consisting of Plastic Materials

2.1.1.3 Exposed Structural Steel

2.1.1.4 Open-Grid Ceilings, Mezzanines or Walkways (Open Grids)

2.1.1.5 Solid Mezzanines and Walkways

2.1.1.6 Ceiling Slope

2.1.1.7 Heat and/or Smoke Vents and Other Exhaust Openings at Ceiling Level

2.1.1.8 Draft Curtains

2.1.2 Occupancy

2.1.2.1 Clearance Below Sprinklers

2.1.2.2 Conveyors

2.1.3 Protection

2.1.3.1 General

2.1.3.2 Upright and Pendent Nonstorage Sprinklers; Not Including Sidewall Sprinklers

2.1.3.3 Sidewall Nonstorage Sprinklers

2.2 Storage Sprinklers

2.2.1 Construction and Location

2.2.1.1 General

2.2.1.2 Wall or Ceiling Construction Consisting of Plastic Materials

2.2.1.3 Exposed Structural Steel

2.2.1.4 Open-Grid Ceilings, Mezzanines or Walkways (Open Grids)

2.2.1.5 Solid Mezzanines and Walkways

2.2.1.6 Ceiling Slope

2.2.1.7 Heat and/or Smoke Vents and Other Exhaust Openings at Ceiling Level

2.2.1.8 Airflow Velocities at Ceiling-Level Sprinklers

2.2.1.9 Draft Curtains

2.2.2 Occupancy

2.2.2.1 Clearance Below Sprinklers

2.2.2.2 Conveyors

2.2.2.3 Aisle Storage

2.2.3 Protection

2.2.3.1 General

2.2.3.2 Linear and Area Spacing of Storage Sprinklers

2.2.3.3 Horizontal Distance from Walls to Storage Sprinklers

2.2.3.4 Vertical Distance from the Ceiling to Storage Sprinklers

2.2.3.5 Obstruction to Discharge Pattern of Storage Sprinklers

2.3 Special Protection Sprinklers

2.3.1 Construction and Location

2.3.2 Occupancy

2.3.3 Protection

FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets 2-0

©2010-2014 Factory Mutual Insurance Company. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of Factory Mutual Insurance Company.

2.4 Sprinkler System Types

2.4.1 General

2.4.1.1 Selection of Sprinkler System

2.4.1.2 New Components for Sprinkler Systems

2.4.1.3 Compatibility of Sprinkler System Components With Environment

2.4.1.4 Design of Sprinkler Systems

2.4.1.5 Hydraulic Calculation of Sprinkler Systems

2.4.1.6 Sprinkler System Maximum Area of Coverage

2.4.1.7 Arranging Sprinkler Systems for Flushing

2.4.1.8 Protection of Sprinkler System from Mechanical and/or Freeze Damage

2.4.1.9 Additives and Chemicals for Sprinkler Systems

2.4.1.10 Water Supplies for Sprinkler Systems

2.4.2 Wet-Pipe Sprinkler Systems

2.4.3 Dry-Pipe Sprinkler Systems

2.4.3.1 Recommended Ambient Temperature Conditions

2.4.3.2 Dry-Pipe Valve in Combination With Other System or Check Valves

2.4.3.3 Excessive Water Accumulation Above the Dry-Pipe Valve Clapper

2.4.3.4 Sprinklers for Dry-Pipe Sprinkler Systems

2.4.3.5 Sprinkler Piping Arrangement of Dry-Pipe Sprinkler Systems

2.4.3.6 Accelerators for Dry-Pipe Sprinkler Systems

2.4.3.7 Gas Supply for Dry-Pipe Sprinkler Systems

2.4.4 Preaction Sprinkler Systems

2.4.4.1 General

2.4.4.2 Recommended Ambient Temperature Conditions

2.4.4.3 Automatic and Manual Release of Preaction Sprinkler Systems

2.4.4.4 Preaction Valve in Combination With Other System or Check Valves

2.4.4.5 Excessive Water Accumulation Above the Preaction Valve

2.4.4.6 Sprinklers for Preaction Sprinkler Systems

2.4.4.7 Sprinkler Piping Arrangement of Preaction Sprinkler Systems

2.4.4.8 Gas Supply for Preaction Sprinkler Systems

2.4.5 Deluge Sprinkler Systems

2.4.5.1 General Information

2.4.5.2 Sprinkler Piping Arrangement of Deluge Sprinkler Systems

2.4.6 Refrigerated-Area Sprinkler Systems

2.4.7 Antifreeze Solution Sprinkler Systems

2.4.7.1 Recommended Ambient Temperature Conditions

2.4.7.2 Compatibility of Antifreeze Solution and Sprinkler System Components

2.4.7.3 Documentation of Antifreeze Solution Sprinkler Systems

2.4.7.4 Sprinkler Piping Arrangement of Antifreeze Solution Sprinkler Systems

2.4.7.5 Antifreeze Solution

2.4.8 Exposure-Protection Sprinkler System

2.4.9 Vacuum-Type Sprinkler Systems

2.5 Sprinkler Piping: Connection, Hanging, and Bracing

2.5.1 General

2.5.2 Sprinkler System Piping

2.5.2.1 General

2.5.2.2 Bending Steel Pipe for Sprinkler Systems

2.5.2.3 Minimum Pipe Sizes for Sprinkler Systems

2.5.2.4 Pitch of Dry-Type and Vacuum-Type Sprinkler System Piping

2.5.2.5 Protection of Sprinkler System Piping

2.5.3 Sprinkler System Pipe Connections

2.5.3.1 General

2.5.3.2 Pipe Connections

2.5.3.3 Threaded Pipe Connections

2.5.3.4 Grooved Pipe Connections

2.5.3.5 Plain-End Pipe Connections

2.5.3.6 Welded Pipe Connections

2.5.4 Sprinkler System Piping Support

2.5.4.1 General

2-0 Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers Page 2 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

©2010-2014 Factory Mutual Insurance Company. All rights reserved.

2.5.4.2 Pipe Supports

2.5.4.3 Pipe Hanger Minimum Load Support Calculations

2.5.4.4 Attaching Pipe Hanger Assemblies

2.5.4.5 Location and Spacing of Pipe Hangers

2.6 Sprinkler System Components

2.6.1 General

2.6.2 Control Valves

2.6.3 Check Valves

2.6.4 Waterflow Alarms

2.6.5 Inspector’s and By-Pass Test Connections

2.6.6 Pressure Gauges

2.6.7 Fire Service Connections

2.6.8 Drain Valves

2.6.9 Pressure Relief Valves

2.6.10 Pressure Reducing Valves

2.7 Plan Review of Sprinkler Systems

2.7.1 General

2.7.2 Working Drawings

2.7.3 Sprinkler System Hydraulic Analysis

2.7.4 Specifications

2.7.5 Required Documentation

2.7.6 Arranging for FM Global Field Acceptance

2.8 Sprinkler System Acceptance Tests

2.8.1 Test Procedure for Preaction, Deluge, and Refrigerated-Area Sprinkler Systems

2.9 Operation and Maintenance

2.10 Ignition Source Control

3.0 SUPPORT FOR RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 Loss History

3.1.1 Loss Examples

3.1.1.1 Hot Work at Facility with Sprinklers in the Process of Being Installed

3.1.1.2 Arson at a Facility with Newly Installed Sprinklers but Not Yet Connected to

Water Supply

3.1.1.3 Fire Loss at High-Rise Facility Equipped with Sprinklers but Not in Fire Area

4.0 REFERENCES

4.1 FM Global

4.2 Other

4.2.1 American Society of Mechanical Engineers

4.2.2 American Welding Society (AWS)

APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF TERMS

APPENDIX B DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

APPENDIX C FORMS

List of Figures Fig. 1a. Quick-Response sprinklers installed under automatic smoke and heat vents Fig. 1b. Quick-Response sprinklers installed under ceiling-level exhaust devices Fig. 2. Return bends for Nonstorage sprinklers Fig. 3. Spacing of Nonstorage sprinklers when installed in every bay channel formed by solid structural members Fig. 4. Maximum increase in linear and area spacing for Nonstorage sprinklers to avoid obstructing sprinkler discharge Fig. 5. Horizontal distance from walls to Nonstorage sprinklers Fig. 6. Location of Nonstorage sprinklers if ceiling slope exceeds 10° Fig. 7. Location of Nonstorage sprinklers under obstructed ceiling construction Fig. 8. Obstruction area to umbrella pattern of pendent and upright Nonstorage sprinklers

(excluding Extended-Coverage) Fig. 9. Obstruction area to umbrella pattern of pendent and upright Extended-Coverage Nonstorage sprinklers Fig. 10. Additional sprinklers installed to mitigate obstructed umbrella discharge pattern caused by solid objects at ceiling level

Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers 2-0 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 3

Fig. 11. Additional sprinklers installed below flat, continuous, solid obstructions between 4 ft (1.2 m) and 10 ft (3.0 m) wide

Fig. 12. Additional sprinklers installed below non-flat, non-continuous, or non-solid obstructions between 4 ft (1.2 m) and 10 ft (3.0 m) wide with flat, continuous, solid barrier provided

Fig. 13. Additional sprinklers installed below non-flat, non-continuous, or non-solid obstructions between 4 ft (1.2 m) and 10 ft (3.0 m) wide without a flat, continuous, solid barrier provided

Fig. 14. Nonstorage sprinklers under combustible shielded areas more than 8 in. (200 mm) deep Fig. 15. Obstruction area to umbrella pattern away from the mounting wall of sidewall Nonstorage sprinklers (not extended-coverage) Fig. 16. Obstruction area to umbrella pattern away from the mounting wall of extended-coverage sidewall Nonstorage sprinkler Fig. 17. Additional sprinklers installed to account for obstructed umbrella discharge pattern away from the wall caused by solid objects at ceiling level Fig. 18. Obstruction area to umbrella pattern along the mounting wall of sidewall Nonstorage sprinklers on standard spacing Fig. 19. Obstruction area to umbrella pattern along the mounting wall of extended-coverage sidewall Nonstorage sprinklers Fig. 20. Positioning of sidewall Nonstorage Sprinklers to account for obstructed umbrella discharge pattern along the mounting wall caused by solid objects at ceiling level Fig. 21. Additional sprinklers installed below flat, continuous, solid obstructions between 4 ft (1.2 m) and 10 ft (3.0 m) wide Fig. 22. Additional sprinklers installed below non-flat, non-continuous, or non-solid obstructions between 4 ft (1.2 m) and 10 ft (3.0 m) wide with flat, continuous, solid barrier provided Fig. 23. Additional sprinklers installed below non-flat, non-continuous, or non-solid obstructions between 4 ft (1.2 m) and 10 ft (3.0 m) wide without a flat, continuous, solid barrier provided Fig. 24a. Quick-Response sprinklers installed under automatic smoke and heat vents Fig. 24b. Quick-Response sprinklers installed under ceiling-level exhaust devices Fig. 25. Return bends for Storage sprinklers Fig. 26. Spacing of sprinklers when installed in every bay channel formed by solid structural members . 49 Fig. 27. Maximum increase in linear and area spacing to avoid obstructing sprinkler discharge Fig. 28. Horizontal distance from walls to Storage sprinklers Fig. 29. Location of storage sprinklers if ceiling slope exceeds 10° Fig. 30. Location of Storage Sprinklers Under Obstructed Ceiling Construction Fig. 31. Obstruction Area to Umbrella Pattern of Ceiling-Level Storage Sprinklers on Standard Spacing . 55 Fig. 32. Obstruction Area to Umbrella Pattern of Ceiling-Level Extended-Coverage Storage Sprinkler Fig. 33. Installing Additional Sprinklers to Account for Obstructed Umbrella Discharge Pattern Caused by Solid Objects at Ceiling Level Fig. 34. Obstruction area to inner core discharge pattern of pendent Storage sprinklers for objects up to 0.75 in. (20 mm) wide Fig. 35. Obstruction area to inner core discharge pattern of pendent Storage sprinklers for objects over 0.75 in. (20 mm) and up to 1.25 in. (32 mm) wide Fig. 36. Obstruction area to inner core discharge pattern of pendent Storage sprinklers for objects over 1.25 in. (32 mm) and up to 2 in. (50 mm) wide Fig. 37. Obstruction area to inner core discharge pattern of pendent Storage sprinklers for objects over 2 in. (50 mm) and up to 12 in. (300 mm) wide Fig. 38. Obstruction area to inner core discharge pattern of pendent Storage sprinklers for objects over 12 in. (300 mm) and up to 24 in. (600 mm) wide Fig. 39. Additional sprinklers installed below flat, continuous, solid obstructions from over 2 ft (0.6 m) wide to 10 ft (3.0 m) wide Fig. 40. Additional sprinklers installed below non-flat, non-continuous, or non-solid obstructions more than 2 ft (0.6 m) wide up to 10 ft (3.0 m) wide Fig. 41. Additional sprinklers installed below non-flat, non-continuous, or non-solid obstructions over

2 ft (0.6 m) and up to 10 ft (3.0 m) wide without a flat, continuous, solid barrier provided Fig. 42. Additional sprinklers installed within storage racks to account for obstructions to the inner core distribution pattern of a sprinkler

2-0 Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers Page 4 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

Fig. 43. Provision for flushing grid-type sprinkler systems Fig. 44. Antifreeze solution sprinkler system piping arrangements connected to a potable water supply . 72 Fig. 45. Attachment locations for hangers with C-shaped or Z-shaped purlins Fig. 46. Double-Tee Concrete Slab Fig. 47. Flushing connection with a threaded end cap

List of Tables Table 1. Nominal Temperature Ratings of Sprinklers Based on Maximum Ambient Temperature at

Sprinkler Level Table 2. Nominal K-factor Values of FM Approved Nonstorage Sprinklers Table 3. Spacing of Ceiling-Level Pendent and Upright Nonstorage Sprinklers for Hazard Category No. 1 . 16 Table 3. Spacing of Ceiling-Level Pendent and Upright Nonstorage Sprinklers for Hazard Category

No. 1 (continued) Table 4. Spacing of Ceiling-Level Pendent and Upright Nonstorage Sprinklers for Hazard Category No. 2 . 18 Table 5. Spacing of Ceiling-Level Pendent and Upright Nonstorage Sprinklers for Hazard Category No. 3 . 19 Table 6. Minimum Horizontal Distance of Ceiling Objects to Avoid Obstructing the Umbrella

Pattern of Nonstorage Sprinklers (not Extended-Coverage) Table 7. Minimum Horizontal Distance of Ceiling Objects to Avoid Obstructing the Umbrella

Pattern of Extended-Coverage Nonstorage Sprinklers Table 8. Spacing of Ceiling-Level Sidewall Nonstorage Sprinklers for Hazard Category No. 1 Table 9. Spacing of Ceiling-Level Sidewall Nonstorage Sprinklers for Hazard Category No. 2 Table 10. Minimum Horizontal Distance of Ceiling Objects From the Mounting Wall of Sidewall

Nonstorage Sprinklers (not Extended-Coverage) to Avoid Obstructing Umbrella Pattern Table 11. Minimum Horizontal Distance of Ceiling Objects From the Mounting Wall of

Extended-Coverage Sidewall Nonstorage Sprinklers to Avoid Obstructing Umbrella Pattern Table 12. Minimum Horizontal Distance of Ceiling Objects Along the Mounting Wall of Sidewall

Nonstorage Sprinklers (not Extended-Coverage) to Avoid Obstructing Umbrella Pattern Table 13. Minimum Horizontal Distance of Ceiling Objects Along the Mounting Wall of

Extended-Coverage Sidewall Nonstorage Sprinklers to Avoid Obstructing Umbrella Pattern Table 14. Storage Sprinklers Under Sloped Ceilings Table 15. Nominal Temperature Ratings of Sprinklers Based on Maximum Ambient Temperature at

Sprinkler Level Table 16. Nominal K-factor Values of FM Approved Storage Sprinklers Table 17. Spacing of Ceiling-Level Storage Sprinklers Table 18. Minimum Horizontal Distance of Ceiling Objects to Avoid Obstructing Umbrella Patterns of

Storage Sprinklers (not Extended-Coverage) Table 19. Minimum Horizontal Distance of Ceiling Objects to Avoid Obstructing Umbrella

Patterns of Extended-Coverage Storage Sprinklers Table 20. Installation Guidelines to Avoid Obstructions to Inner Core Distribution Pattern of Storage

Sprinklers Table 21. Recommended Concentration Levels for Antifreeze Solutions in Water for Ambient

Temperature Conditions per Section 2.4.7.5 Table 22. Minimum Wall Thickness of Rigid Metallic Sprinkler Piping Table 23. Steel Pipe That Does Not Require Minimum 12-Pipe Diameter Minimum Radius Bend Table 24. Maximum Distance Between Pipe Hangers Table 25. Loss Experience: Causes of Fire by Frequency (1998-2008) Table 26. Ceiling Slope Conversions

Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers 2-0 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 5

1.0 SCOPE

This data sheet contains recommendations for the installation of automatic sprinkler systems (sprinklers) and their above-ground supporting components. It is intended to provide guidance on:

• Components used as part of an automatic sprinkler system (system)

• Securing and supporting these components

• The response time of sprinklers to a fire

• The distribution of sprinkler discharge to a fire area

• The documentation required for an FM Global plan review

• The information required for an FM Global acceptance test

This data sheet does not provide guidance on:

• Designs for sprinkler systems (see the relevant occupancy-specific data sheet for design guidelines)

• Maintenance required for sprinkler systems (see Data Sheet 2-81, Fire Safety Inspections and Sprinkler System Maintenance)

• Detection systems required for sprinkler systems (see Data Sheet 5-48, Automatic Fire Detection)

• Underground piping or water supplies for sprinkler systems (see Data Sheet 3-10, Installation/Maintenance of Private Service Mains and Their Appurtenances, and other relevant 3-Series data sheets)

In addition to this data sheet, refer to the following for recommendations dealing with specific related subjects:

• For the protection of sprinkler system piping from internal corrosion, see Data Sheet 2-1, Corrosion in Automatic Sprinkler Systems.

• For the installation of piping in areas designated as 50-year through 500-year earthquake zones (as defined in Data Sheet 1-2, Earthquakes), see Data Sheet 2-8, Earthquake Protection for Water-Based Fire Protection Systems.

• For the maintenance of sprinklers and/or systems, see Data Sheet 2-81, Fire Safety Inspections and Sprinkler System Maintenance.

• For the installation of private service mains and water supplies, see Data Sheet 3-10, Installation/ Maintenance of Private Service Mains and Their Appurtenances, or the appropriate data sheet dealing with water supply recommendations (3-series data sheet).

• For the installation of refrigerated-area systems, see Data Sheet 8-29, Refrigerated Storage.

• For design requirements of systems, see the relevant occupancy-specific data sheet.

Note that many metric values provided in this data sheet are not based strictly on mathematical conversion, but rather on “realistic” and “design-desired” values.

1.1 Changes

January 2018. Interim revision. Changes to Data Sheet 2-0 include the following:

A. Guidance has been incorporated for the installation requirements of vacuum-type sprinkler systems, which have recently become Approved.

B. The ceiling-level sprinkler spacing requirements have been updated for Non-Storage sprinklers based on recent changes to Data Sheet 3-26, Fire Protection Water Demand for Nonstorage Sprinklered Properties.

C. Guidance in Sections 2.1.3.2.3 and 2.2.3.3 was modified by changing “greater than 90°” and “less than or equal to 90°” to “greater than or equal to 90°” and “less than 90°”.

1.2 Superseded Information

This document supersedes the following:

• Data Sheet 2-2, Installation Rules for Suppression Mode Automatic Sprinklers

2-0 Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers Page 6 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

• Data Sheet 2-7, Installation Rules for Sprinkler Systems Using Control Mode Ceiling Sprinklers for Storage Applications

• Data Sheet 2-8N, NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems 1996 Edition

2.0 LOSS PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS

2.1 Nonstorage Sprinklers

2.1.1 Construction and Location

2.1.1.1 General

The two main factors affecting sprinkler system performance are (a) prompt sprinkler operation, and (b) sufficient, unobstructed sprinkler discharge to the fire area. A facility’s construction features have a major impact on both of these critical factors.

Ceiling construction has a significant effect on the performance of a sprinkler system. Of particular importance is whether the ceiling construction is “obstructed” or “unobstructed” (see Appendix A: Glossary of Terms for definitions). Recommendations for installing sprinklers under these two types of ceilings can be found in the following sections:

Unobstructed Construction

Nonstorage Sprinkler (excluding Sidewalls): Section 2.1.3.2.4.1

Nonstorage Sidewall Sprinkler: Section 2.1.3.3.4

Obstructed Construction

Nonstorage Sprinkler (excluding Sidewalls): Section 2.1.3.2.4.2

2.1.1.2 Wall or Ceiling Construction Consisting of Plastic Materials

When the interior walls and/or ceiling of a facility contain plastic building materials, see Data Sheet 1-57, Plastics in Construction, for sprinkler system design requirements and additional installation recommendations.

2.1.1.3 Exposed Structural Steel

See the relevant occupancy-specific data sheet to determine if protection beyond that offered by the sprinkler system is required for exposed structural steel.

2.1.1.4 Open-Grid Ceilings, Mezzanines or Walkways (Open Grids)

Avoid the installation of open grids because they can obstruct ceiling-level sprinkler discharge. As an alternative, make the mezzanine or walkway solid and protect it in accordance with Section 2.1.1.5.

If open grids cannot be avoided, provide sprinkler protection per the following recommendations.

2.1.1.4.1 Ceiling-Level Sprinklers Above Open Grids

Design ceiling-level sprinklers as recommended in the relevant occupancy-specific data sheet. If the occupancy-specific data sheet does not address open grids, design the system as though no open grid was present.

2.1.1.4.2 Sprinklers Under Open Grids

Unless recommended otherwise in a relevant occupancy-specific data sheet or in Section 2.1.1.4.3 of this data sheet, install sprinkler protection under open grids using 160°F (70°C) nominally rated quick-response sprinklers having the same:

• K-factor,

• orientation, and

• area spacing

Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers 2-0 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 7 as the sprinklers installed at ceiling level.

Install Nonstorage sprinklers under open grids on a maximum linear spacing of 13 ft (3.9 m) and a maximum area spacing of 130 ft2 (12 m2), using the same branchline piping installed at ceiling level.

Sprinklers installed under open grids as outlined above do not need to be added to the hydraulic design of the ceiling-level sprinkler system.

2.1.1.4.3 Exceptions for Sprinklers Under Open Grids

Sprinklers are not required under an open grid when the following conditions are met:

Exception 1:

• The open grid is a minimum of 70% open, and

• The open grid is a maximum of 1⁄2 in. (13 mm) deep, and

• The open grid is at least 3 ft (0.9 m) vertically below the deflector of the ceiling-level sprinklers, and

• Materials that could obstruct sprinkler discharge are not present on top of the open grid, and

• The required minimum flow rate from each individual sprinkler, when divided by the area spacing of the sprinklers, is equal to or less than 0.10 gpm/ft2 (4 mm/min).

Exception 2:

• The open grid is a minimum of 70% open, and

• The open grid is a maximum of 1⁄4 in. (6 mm) deep, and

• The open grid is at least 3 ft (0.9 m) vertically below the deflector of the ceiling-level sprinklers, and

• Materials that could obstruct sprinkler discharge are not present on top of the open grid, and

• The required minimum flow rate from each individual sprinkler, when divided by the area spacing of the sprinklers, is equal to or less than 0.20 gpm/ft2 (8 mm/min).

Exception 3:

• The open grid is a minimum of 70% open, and

• The open grid is a maximum of 1⁄4 in. (6 mm) deep, and

• The open grid is at least 3 ft (0.9 m) vertically below the deflector of the ceiling-level sprinklers, and

• It is not possible for materials to fall onto the top of the open grid and obstruct sprinkler discharge during a fire, and

• There is only one open grid ceiling between the solid ceiling and the floor, and

• The ceiling sprinkler system can protect the occupancy in the absence of the open grid.

2.1.1.5 Solid Mezzanines and Walkways

2.1.1.5.1 Solid Mezzanines

Install quick-response sprinklers under solid mezzanines that have combustible construction and/or a combustible occupancy located below them.

Exception: Standard-response sprinklers can be installed under a solid mezzanine when:

(a) Standard-response sprinklers are installed at ceiling level and can protect the occupancy located under the mezzanine, or

(b) A draft curtain is provided around the perimeter of the mezzanine in accordance with Data Sheet 1-10, Interaction of Sprinklers, Smoke and Heat Vents, and Draft Curtains.

Install a draft curtain around the perimeter of the solid mezzanine in accordance with Data Sheet 1-10.

Exception: A draft curtain is not required around the perimeter of a solid mezzanine when:

(a) The ceiling sprinkler protection can protect the occupancy located under the solid mezzanine, or

2-0 Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers Page 8 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

(b) The ceiling-level and mezzanine-level sprinklers are of the same nominal RTI value and the occupancy under the mezzanine is located completely within the sprinklers at the edge of the mezzanine, or

(c) The sprinklers located under the solid mezzanine are quick-response and the sprinklers located at ceiling level are standard-response.

Unless recommended otherwise in a relevant occupancy-specific data sheet, base the design of the mezzanine-level sprinkler protection on the height of the mezzanine and the occupancy located underneath it.

2.1.1.5.2 Solid Walkways

Install quick-response sprinklers under solid walkways over 4 ft (1.2 m) wide that have combustible construction and/or a combustible occupancy located below them. In addition, install quick-response sprinklers under solid walkways of any width that are located between storage racks or similar structures.

For solid walkways up to 10 ft (3.0 m) wide, install a single line of quick-response sprinklers down the center of the walkway on maximum 10 ft (3.0 m) linear spacing.

For solid walkways over 10 ft (3.0 m) wide, treat the walkways as a ceiling and install quick-response sprinklers on their normal allowable linear and area spacing.

Treat the walkway sprinklers as ceiling sprinklers for design purposes.

Example: A 8 ft (2.4 m) wide walkway is located above an occupancy that requires a minimum pressure of 10 psi (0.7 bar) from the most remote 25 sprinklers. The ceiling-level sprinklers have an area spacing of 100 ft2 (9.3 m2). A single line of sprinklers is needed under the walkway since the walkway is only 8 ft (2.4

m) wide. The length of the operating area for the walkway sprinklers is therefore based on a shape factor of 1.2 multiplied by the square root of 25 sprinklers x 100 ft2 [9.3 m2]/sprinkler), which equals 60 ft (18 m).

Therefore, the design for the walkway sprinklers is based on any sprinkler located within the most remote linear 60 ft (18 m) operating at a minimum pressure of 10 psi (0.7 bar).

2.1.1.6 Ceiling Slope

Unless recommended otherwise by the relevant occupancy-specific data sheet, Nonstorage sprinklers are acceptable under sloped ceilings up to a maximum of 10° if the design is based on a wet sprinkler system;

or 20° if the design is based on a dry sprinkler system.

Exception 1: Install extended-coverage Nonstorage sprinklers under a ceiling that has a maximum slope of 10°.

Exception 2: Nonstorage sprinklers, excluding extended-coverage sprinklers, can be installed under a ceiling that has a slope exceeding 20°, if both of the following criteria are met:

• The length of the ceiling in excess of 20° does not exceed 35 ft (10.5 m), and

• The demand area is based on that required for a dry-pipe sprinkler system.

Exception 3: Nonstorage sprinklers, excluding extended-coverage sprinklers, can be installed under a ceiling that has a slope exceeding 20°, if both of the following criteria are met:

• The occupancy does not require a minimum flow rate from each individual sprinkler that, when divided by the area spacing of the sprinklers, is more than 0.15 gpm/ft2 (6 mm/min), and

• The demand area is based on that required for a dry-pipe sprinkler system.

For ceiling slopes that exceed the maximum allowed, install a flat, continuous false ceiling (see Appendix A for definition) over the affected area and for 20 ft (6.0 m) beyond in all directions. Design the false ceiling in accordance with Data Sheet 1-12, Ceilings and Concealed Spaces, and ensure it can withstand a minimum uplift pressure of 3 lb/ft2 (14.4 kg/m2). Provide sprinkler protection beneath the false ceiling designed in accordance with the relevant occupancy-specific data sheet.

For ceilings with a slope greater than 5°, locate sprinklers within 3 ft (0.9 m) of a ceiling’s peak, measured horizontally along the slope of the ceiling.

Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers 2-0 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 9

2.1.1.7 Heat and/or Smoke Vents and Other Exhaust Openings at Ceiling Level

2.1.1.7.1 Heat and/or Smoke Vents

Do not install automatic smoke and heat vents in facilities equipped with sprinkler protection; manual heat and smoke vents, however, are acceptable. If local codes require the installation of automatic smoke and heat vents, do one of the following:

(a) Install vents that are FM Approved for occupancies protected by quick-response Storage sprinklers.

(b) Install FM Approved vents equipped with a standard-response 360°F (182°C) nominal thermal activating device.

(c) Install quick-response sprinklers directly under the vent opening on a maximum 4 ft (1.2 m) linear and 16 ft2 (1.5 m2) area spacing. Position the centerline of the sprinkler’s thermal element in accordance with the guidelines outlined in Section 2.1.3.2.4. Ensure these sprinklers have, at a minimum, the same K-factor and orientation as the adjacent ceiling-level sprinklers and are fed by sprinkler piping no smaller than the ceiling level branchlines. Sprinklers located under the ceiling vent and installed as outlined above do not need to be added to the hydraulic design of the ceiling sprinkler system. See Figure 1a for a diagram of this arrangement.

2.1.1.7.2 Exhaust Openings at Ceiling Level

Arrange openings at ceiling level, such as exhaust and ridge vents, to close automatically upon early fire detection (prior to first sprinkler operation). If this is not possible, do one of the following:

(a) Install a false ceiling (see Appendix A for definition) under the ceiling opening. Ensure the false ceiling is, at a minimum, the same size as the ceiling opening, and install sprinklers below the false ceiling using the same branchline pipe size and sprinkler spacing installed at ceiling level. Design the false ceiling in accordance with Data Sheet 1-12, Ceilings and Concealed Spaces, and ensure it can withstand a minimum

Fig. 1a. Quick-Response sprinklers installed under automatic smoke and heat vents.

2-0 Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers Page 10 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets uplift pressure of 3 lb/ft2 (14.4 kg/m2). Sprinklers located under the false ceiling and installed as outlined above do not need to be added to the hydraulic design of the ceiling sprinkler system.

(b) Install quick-response sprinklers directly under the ceiling opening on a maximum 4 ft (1.2 m) linear and 16 ft2 (1.5 m2) area spacing. Ensure these sprinklers have, at a minimum, the same K-factor and orientation as the adjacent ceiling-level sprinklers, and are fed by sprinkler piping no smaller than the ceiling-level branchlines. Sprinklers located under the ceiling opening and installed as outlined above do not need to be added to the hydraulic design of the ceiling sprinkler system. See Figure 1b for a diagram of this arrangement.

2.1.1.8 Draft Curtains

Do not install draft curtains in buildings protected by sprinklers unless they are (a) specifically used to separate areas protected by quick-response ceiling-level Storage sprinklers from areas protected by standard-response ceiling-level sprinklers, or (b) recommended by other sections of this data sheet, or (c) recommended by the relevant occupancy-specific data sheet.

If draft curtains are recommended, install the draft curtain in accordance with Data Sheet 1-10, Interaction of Sprinklers, Smoke and Heat Vents, and Draft Curtains. Solid beams, girders, or other structural features that meet the criteria outlined in Data Sheet 1-10 can be considered the equivalent of a draft curtain. Extend the draft curtain at least 2 ft (0.6 m) below the ceiling, and position the sprinklers horizontally from the draft curtain based on the installation guidelines for obstructed construction as outlined in Section 2.1.3.2.5.1.

Fig. 1b. Quick-Response sprinklers installed under ceiling-level exhaust devices.

Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers 2-0 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 11

2.1.2 Occupancy

2.1.2.1 Clearance Below Sprinklers

Maintain a minimum 3 ft (0.9 m) clearance between the deflector of a sprinkler and any combustibles located below it.

2.1.2.2 Conveyors

Provide sprinkler protection under belt-type or other solid-type conveyor systems having combustible construction and/or a combustible occupancy below them as follows:

2.1.2.2.1 Belt or Similar Solid-Type Conveyors

Treat belt-type and similar solid-type conveyor systems the same as a solid walkway and provide sprinkler protection in accordance with Section 2.1.1.5.2.

2.1.2.2.2 Roller and Similar Open-Type Conveyors

Sprinklers are not required below conveyor systems that are a minimum of 70% open, or below roller-type conveyors that are at least 50% open. If these conditions cannot be met, treat conveyors as open-grid ceilings and adhere to the recommendations in Section 2.1.1.4.

2.1.2.2.3 Automatic Shutdown of Conveyor Systems

Arrange conveyor systems to automatically shut down in the event of sprinkler water discharge. See Data Sheet 7-11, Conveyors, for other guidelines regarding the presence of conveyor systems in buildings equipped with sprinkler protection.

2.1.3 Protection

2.1.3.1 General

2.1.3.1.1 Where Sprinklers Are Needed

Install sprinkler protection wherever there is combustible construction or a combustible occupancy. Refer to any relevant occupancy-specific data sheets to determine if exceptions to this recommendation exist.

See Data Sheet 1-12, Ceilings and Combustible Spaces, for recommendations related to installing sprinklers within combustible ceilings or concealed spaces.

Install sprinkler protection under any fixed object more than 4 ft (1.2 m) wide in its least horizontal dimension and beneath which combustible construction or a combustible occupancy is located.

Provide exposure protection when exterior hazards, such as large oil-filled transformers, exterior loading docks, and yard storage, are located in close proximity to a building that either has or requires sprinkler protection. See Data Sheet 1-20, Protection Against Exterior Fire Exposure, for additional guidelines.

Do not use fixed special protection extinguishing systems as an alternative to sprinklers unless recommended by the relevant occupancy-specific data sheet.

2.1.3.1.2 Sprinkler Applications

The recommendations in this section address the installation of Nonstorage sprinklers (see Appendix A, Glossary of Terms, for the definition of a Nonstorage sprinkler). The goal of these recommendations is to ensure prompt actuation of sprinklers and a sufficient flow of unobstructed water to the fire.

For sprinklers to perform properly during a fire, the appropriate sprinkler must be chosen for the fire hazard.

In addition, proper installation is required to allow the sprinkler to operate in a timely fashion and deliver an adequate amount of unobstructed water to the fire.

When choosing a sprinkler for the protection of a given fire hazard, see the relevant occupancy-specific data sheet to determine the following:

(a) The types of sprinklers that can be installed.

2-0 Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers Page 12 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

(b) The sprinkler’s recommended nominal temperature rating. If the ambient temperature exceeds 100°F (38°C), see Table 1 for the recommended nominal temperature rating of a sprinkler based on the maximum expected ambient temperature at sprinkler level.

(c) The sprinkler’s recommended K-factor, RTI, and orientation. See Table 2 for nominal K-factor values of FM Approved automatic sprinklers.

(d) The sprinkler’s recommended minimum and maximum linear horizontal spacing, as well as the minimum and maximum area spacing. Note that the linear distance between sprinklers is measured along the slope of the ceiling, not on the viewpoint from floor level.

Table 1. Nominal Temperature Ratings of Sprinklers Based on Maximum Ambient Temperature at Sprinkler Level

Maximum Ambient Temperature at Sprinkler

Level, °F (°C) Nominal Temperature

Rating of Sprinkler, °F (°C) Temperature Classification of Sprinkler Color of Sprinkler Glass

Bulb 100 (38) 135 (55) Ordinary Orange 100 (38) 160 (70) Ordinary Red 150 (66) 175 (80) Ordinary Yellow 150 (66) 212 (100) Intermediate Green

225 (107) 280 (140) High Blue 300 (149) 350 (175) Extra High Mauve 375 (191) 425 (220) Very Extra High Black 475 (246) 525 (275) Ultra High Black 625 (329) 650 (345) Ultra High Black

In several countries, the arm frames of the sprinkler are provided with a color coding to represent the temperature classification of the sprinkler. Check the local country code to determine the temperature classification for the sprinkler based on the sprinkler’s arm-frame color.

Table 2. Nominal K-factor Values of FM Approved Nonstorage Sprinklers

Nominal K-factor Values, gpm/(psi)0.5 (L/min/[bar]0.5)

K-factor Range Values, gpm/(psi)0.5

K-factor Range Values, L/min/[bar]0.5

Nominal Pipe Thread Size,

in. (mm)

2.8 (40) 2.6 – 2.9 38 – 42 1⁄2 or ¾ (15 or 20)

5.6 (80) 5.3 – 5.8 76 – 84 1⁄2 or ¾ (15 or 20)

8.0 (115) 7.4 – 8.2 107 – 118 1⁄2 or ¾ (15 or 20)

11.2 (160) 11.0 – 11.5 159 – 166 1⁄2 or ¾ (15 or 20)*

14.0 (200) 13.5 – 14.5 195 – 209 ¾ (20)

16.8 (240) 16.0 – 17.6 231 – 254 ¾ (20)

19.6 (280) 18.6 – 20.6 269 – 297 1 (25)

22.4 (320) 21.3 – 23.5 307 – 339 1 (25)

25.2 (360) 23.9 – 26.5 344 – 382 1 (25)

* The use of K11.2 (K160) sprinklers having nominal 1⁄2 in. (15 mm) npt threaded connections is acceptable only when they are being considered as a retrofit option for the replacement of existing K8.0 (K115) or smaller sprinklers.

2.1.3.1.3 Mixing of Different Types of Sprinklers

Do not mix the following types of sprinklers on the same sprinkler system protecting the same hazard area unless otherwise recommended in the relevant occupancy-specific data sheet:

(a) Storage, Nonstorage, and Special Protection sprinklers

(b) Sprinklers having different K-factors

(c) Sprinklers having different orientation

(d) Sprinklers having different nominal temperature ratings

(e) Sprinklers having different nominal RTI values

Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers 2-0 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 13

(f) Sprinklers having different linear and/or area spacing requirements (e.g., extended-coverage and non-extended-coverage sprinklers)

Exception No. 1: Install individual sprinklers having a higher temperature rating as needed based on ambient temperature conditions (such as near unit heater outlets). Ensure the higher-temperature sprinklers are of the same make, model, type, K-Factor, RTI, and orientation as the lower-temperature sprinklers.

Exception No. 2: An upright sprinkler may be substituted for an obstructed pendent sprinkler provided it has the same K-factor, nominal temperature rating, nominal RTI, and recommended sprinkler spacing as the pendent sprinkler and is compatible for the occupancy hazard.

Exception No. 3: Sprinklers installed under lower ceilings are not considered “on the same system.” See recommendations in Section 2.1.1.4 if the lower ceiling is open-grid, or Section 2.1.1.5 if the lower ceiling is solid.

Exception No. 4: When two different occupancy hazards are adjacent to each other and are not separated by a wall or draft curtain, extend the design of the sprinkler system protecting the higher-hazard occupancy a minimum of 20 ft (6.0 m) in all directions beyond the perimeter of the higher-hazard occupancy area.

2.1.3.1.4 Return Bends for Sprinklers

Provide individual return bends for all K11.2 (K160) or smaller pendent sprinklers that are supplied from a raw water source, mill pond, or from open-top reservoirs. The size of the return bend can be either the same size of the branchline that feeds the return bend or one pipe diameter size smaller, but not less than 1 in.

(25 mm).

Exception No. 1: Return bends are not necessary on sprinkler systems equipped with an FM Approved strainer.

Exception No. 2: Return bends are not necessary for deluge systems.

Exception No. 3: Return bends are not necessary where dry pendent sprinklers are used.

2.1.3.1.5 Protection of Sprinklers from Damage

Provide protection for sprinklers that are subject to mechanical damage. Ensure the protection does not degrade the performance of the sprinkler.

2.1.3.1.6 Sprinklers Having a K-Factor Value Less Than 2.8 (40)

Install an FM Approved strainer upstream of any sprinklers having a K-Factor value less than 2.8 (40).

Fig. 2. Return bends for Nonstorage sprinklers.

2-0 Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers Page 14 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

2.1.3.1.7 Spare Sprinklers

Maintain a supply of spare sprinklers on site for each type of sprinkler installed, as well as any equipment required for installing them. Base the minimum number of spare sprinklers required of each type on their largest demand area.

Example: A facility has two types of sprinklers; a Nonstorage sprinkler for the manufacturing area, and a Storage sprinkler for the warehouse area. The largest sprinkler system demand area for the manufacturing area is 25 sprinklers, and for the warehouse area it is 15 sprinklers. Therefore, the minimum number of spare sprinklers is 25 Nonstorage sprinklers and 15 Storage sprinklers.

2.1.3.2 Upright and Pendent Nonstorage Sprinklers; Not Including Sidewall Sprinklers

2.1.3.2.1 General

See the relevant occupancy-specific data sheet or the Approval Guide to ensure the construction type (obstructed or unobstructed) is compatible with the sprinkler.

Install upright Nonstorage sprinklers so their frame arms are parallel to the branchline.

Install upright and pendent Nonstorage sprinklers so their deflector is parallel to the floor.

Exception: The deflector of the sprinkler may be installed parallel to the ceiling if the ceiling slope is 5° or less.

2.1.3.2.2 Linear and Area Spacing of Nonstorage Sprinklers

Install upright and pendent Nonstorage sprinklers under unobstructed ceiling construction in accordance with the minimum and maximum linear and area spacing recommendations listed in Tables 3, 4 or 5, unless indicated otherwise in the relevant occupancy-specific data sheet.

Install upright and pendent Nonstorage sprinklers under obstructed ceiling construction in accordance with the minimum and maximum linear and area spacing recommendations listed in Tables 3, 4 or 5 as well as those in Section 2.1.3.2.4.2 of this document, unless indicated otherwise in the relevant occupancy-specific data sheet.

See the relevant occupancy-specific data sheet for the definitions of Hazard Category numbers 1, 2, and 3, and to determine which Hazard Category Number is appropriate for the area to be protected.

Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers 2-0 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 15

Table 3. Spacing of Ceiling-Level Pendent and Upright Nonstorage Sprinklers for Hazard Category No. 1

Ceiling Height, ft (m) Ceiling Type K-Factor Orientation Response

Linear Spacing, ft (m) Area Spacing, ft2 (m2) Min. Max. Min. Max.

Up to 30 (9.0)

Noncombustible Unobstructed, Noncombustible Obstructed, or Combustible Unobstructed

5.6 (80),

8.0 (115), or 11.2 (160), Pendent or Upright

Quick or Standard

7 (2.1) 15 (4.6) 70 (6.5) 225 (20.9)

14.0 (200),

16.8 (240),

19.6 (280),

22.4 (320) or 25.2 (360)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 7 (2.1) 15 (4.6) 64 (6.0) 225 (20.9)

Pendent Standard 7 (2.1) 15 (4.6) 64 (6.0) 225 (20.9) Upright Standard 7 (2.1) 15 (4.6) 70 (6.5) 225 (20.9)

*5.6EC

(80EC),

8.0EC

(115EC),

11.2EC

(160EC),

or 14.0EC

(200EC)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 10 (3.0) 20 (6.1) 100 (9.0) 400 (37.2)

*25.2EC

(360EC)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 10 (3.0) 14 (4.3) 100 (9.0) 196 (18.2)

Combustible Obstructed

5.6 (80),

8.0 (115),

11.2 (160)

Pendent or Upright

Quick or Standard

7 (2.1) 15 (4.6) 70 (6.5) 169 (15.7)

14.0 (200),

16.8 (240),

19.6 (280),

22.4 (320) or 25.2 (360)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 7 (2.1) 15 (4.6) 64 (6.0) 169 (15.7)

Pendent Standard 7 (2.1) 15 (4.6) 64 (6.0) 169 (15.7) Upright Standard 7 (2.1) 15 (4.6) 70 (6.5) 169 (15.7)

*5.6EC

(80EC),

8.0EC

(115EC),

11.2EC

(160EC),

or 14.0EC

(200EC)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 10 (3.0) 20 (6.1) 100 (9.0) 400 (37.2)

*25.2EC

(360EC)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 10 (3.0) 14 (4.3) 100 (9.0) 196 (18.2)

2-0 Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers Page 16 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

Table 3. Spacing of Ceiling-Level Pendent and Upright Nonstorage Sprinklers for Hazard Category No. 1 (continued)

Height, ft (m) Ceiling Type K-Factor Orientation Response

Linear Spacing, ft (m) Area Spacing, ft2 (m2) Min. Max. Min. Max.

Over 30 (9.0) and up to 45

(13.5)

Noncombustible Unobstructed

8.0 (115)

11.2 (160)

Pendent or Upright

Quick or Standard

8 (2.4) 12 (3.7) 80 (7.5) 120 (11.1)

14.0 (200),

16.8 (240),

19.6 (280),

22.4 (320), or 25.2 (360)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 8 (2.4) 12 (3.7) 64 (6.0) 120 (11.1)

Pendent or Upright

Standard 8 (2.4) 12 (3.7) 80 (7.5) 120 (11.1)

11.2EC

(160EC) or

14.0EC

(200EC)

Upright Quick 10 (3.0) 20 (6.1) 100 (9.0) 400 (37.2)

25.2EC

(360EC)

Upright or Pendent

Quick 10 (3.0) 14 (4.3) 100 (9.0) 196 (18.2)

Over 45 (13.5)

Noncombustible Unobstructed

8.0 (115) or 11.2 (160)

Pendent or Upright

Quick or Standard

8 (2.4) 12 (3.7) 80 (7.5) 120 (11.1)

14.0 (200),

16.8 (240),

19.6 (280),

22.4 (320), or 25.2 (360)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 8 (2.4) 12 (3.7) 64 (6.0) 120 (11.1)

Pendent or Upright

Standard 8 (2.4) 12 (3.7) 80 (7.5) 120 (11.1)

11.2EC

(160EC) or

14.0EC

(200EC)

Upright Quick 10 (3.0) 16 (4.9) 100 (9.0) 256 (23.8)

25.2EC

(360EC)

Upright or Pendent

Quick 10 (3.0) 14 (4.3) 100 (9.0) 196 (18.2)

*Applies where extended coverage sprinklers are acceptable in the presence of obstructed type construction. Such construction may require the sprinklers be installed in every channel formed by the obstructed ceiling construction.

Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers 2-0 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 17

Table 4. Spacing of Ceiling-Level Pendent and Upright Nonstorage Sprinklers for Hazard Category No. 2

Height, ft (m) K-Factor Orientation Response

Linear Spacing, ft (m) Area Spacing, ft2 (m2) Min. Max. Min. Max.

Up to 30 (9.0)

5.6 (80), 8.0 (115), or 11.2

(160)

Pendent or Upright

Quick or Standard

7 (2.1) 12 (3.7) 70 (6.5) 130 (12.1)

14.0 (200),

16.8 (240),

19.6 (280),

22.4 (320), or 25.2 (360)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 7 (2.1) 12 (3.7) 64 (6.0) 130 (12.1)

Pendent Standard 7 (2.1) 12 (3.7) 64 (6.0) 130 (12.1) Upright Standard 7 (2.1) 12 (3.7) 70 (6.5) 130 (12.1)

*11.2EC

(160EC) or

14.0EC

(200EC)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 10 (3.0) 20 (6.1) 100 (9.0) 400 (37.1)

*25.2EC

(360EC)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 10 (3.0) 14 (4.3) 100 (9.0) 196 (18.2)

Over 30 (9.0)

8.0 (115), or

11.2 (160)

Pendent or Upright

Quick or Standard

8 (2.4) 10 (3.0) 80 (7.5) 100 (9.0)

14.0 (200),

16.8 (240),

19.6 (280),

22.4 (320), or 25.2 (360)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 8 (2.4) 10 (3.0) 64 (6.0) 100 (9.0)

Pendent or Upright

Standard 8 (2.4) 10 (3.0) 80 (7.5) 100 (9.0)

*11.2EC

(160EC) or

14.0EC

(200EC)

Upright Quick 10 (3.0) 16 (4.9) 100 (9.0) 256 (23.8)

*25.2EC

(360EC)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 10 (3.0) 14 (4.3) 100 (9.0) 196 (18.2)

*Applies where extended coverage sprinklers are acceptable in the presence of obstructed type construction. Such construction may require the sprinklers be installed in every channel formed by the obstructed ceiling construction.

2-0 Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers Page 18 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

Table 5. Spacing of Ceiling-Level Pendent and Upright Nonstorage Sprinklers for Hazard Category No. 3

Height ft (m) K-Factor Orientation Response

Linear Spacing, ft (m) Area Spacing, ft2 (m2) Min. Max. Min. Max.

Up to 30 (9.0)

5.6 (80), 8.0 (115), 11.2

(160)

Pendent or Upright

Quick or Standard

8 (2.4) 12 (3.7) 80 (7.5) 120 (11.1)

14.0 (200),

16.8 (240),

19.6 (280),

22.4 (320),

25.2 (360)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 8 (2.4) 12 (3.7) 64 (6.0) 120 (11.1)

Pendent Standard 8 (2.4) 12 (3.7) 64 (6.0) 120 (11.1) Upright Standard 8 (2.4) 12 (3.7) 80 (7.5) 120 (11.1)

*11.2EC

(160EC)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 10 (3.0) 16 (4.9) 100 (9.0) 256 (23.8)

*14.0EC

(200EC)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 10 (3.0) 20 (6.1) 100 (9.0) 400 (37.2)

*25.2EC

(360EC)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 10 (3.0) 14 (4.3) 100 (9.0) 196 (18.2)

Over 30 (9.0)

11.2 (160) Pendent or Upright

Quick or Standard

8 (2.4) 10 (3.0) 80 (7.5) 100 (9.0)

14.0 (200),

16.8 (240),

19.6 (280),

22.4 (320),

25.2 (360)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 8 (2.4) 10 (3.0) 64 (6.0) 100 (9.0)

Pendent or Upright

Standard 8 (2.4) 10 (3.0) 80 (7.5) 100 (9.0)

*11.2EC

(160EC) or

*14.0EC

(200EC)

Upright Quick 10 (3.0) 16 (4.9) 100 (9.0) 256 (23.8)

*25.2EC

(360EC)

Pendent or Upright

Quick 10 (3.0) 14 (4.3) 100 (9.0) 196 (18.2)

*Applies where extended coverage sprinklers are acceptable in the presence of obstructed type construction. Such construction may require the sprinklers be installed in every channel formed by the obstructed ceiling construction.

Exception: When sprinklers are provided in every channel bay formed by obstructed construction, the minimum linear and area spacing recommendations listed in Tables 3, 4 and 5 do not apply to the sprinklers located in adjacent channel bays. See Figure 3 for a diagram of this arrangement.

Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers 2-0 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 19

The maximum linear and area spacing of a Nonstorage sprinkler can be increased by 1 ft (0.3 m) and 20 ft2 (2 m2) respectively to avoid obstructing sprinkler discharge as outlined in Section 2.1.3.2.5.

Note that the extension in Nonstorage sprinkler spacing applies only to a maximum of two adjacent sprinklers on the same branchline or to two adjacent branchlines. See Figure 4 for a diagram of this arrangement.

2.1.3.2.3 Horizontal Distance from Walls to Nonstorage Sprinklers

Unless indicated otherwise in either the relevant occupancy-specific data sheet or the Approval Guide, install pendent and upright Nonstorage sprinklers horizontally from walls, measured perpendicular to the wall, as follows:

• Minimum horizontal distance: 4 in. (100 mm)

• Maximum horizontal distance

Fig. 3. Spacing of Nonstorage sprinklers when installed in every bay channel formed by solid structural members

2-0 Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinklers Page 20 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

(a) Wall angle greater than or equal to 90°: 50% of the recommended maximum linear spacing of the sprinkler as outlined in the relevant occupancy-specific data sheet.

(b) Wall angle…