Utility Assessment Report prepared by Fuss ONeill August 2024.pdf

Project No. 20200710.A10

Utility Assessment Report

Hartford Federal Courthouse Allyn Street Site Woodland Street Site Hartford, Connecticut

August 23, 2024

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Table of Contents

Utility Assessment Report Hartford, Connecticut

1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose and Scope

1.2 Project Description

2 Allyn Street Site Utility Assessment

2.1 Water Supply

2.1.1 Existing Water System

2.1.2 Projected Public Water Supply Requirements

2.1.3 Water Supply Conclusion ............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2 Sanitary Sewers

2.2.1 Existing Sanitary Sewer Facilities

2.2.2 Projected Sanitary Sewer Flows from Proposed Project

2.2.3 Sanitary Sewer Conclusion ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3 Stormwater Drainage

2.3.1 Existing Stormwater Drainage Conditions

2.3.2 Proposed Stormwater Management

2.4 Other Utilities

2.4.1 Gas Supply

2.4.2 Electrical Power

2.4.3 Communications

3 61 Woodland Street Site Utility Assessment

3.1 Water Supply

3.1.1 Existing Water System

3.1.2 Projected Public Water Supply Requirements

3.1.3 Water Supply Conclusion ............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2 Sanitary Sewers

3.2.1 Existing Sanitary Sewer Facilities

3.2.2 Projected Sanitary Sewer Flows from Proposed Project

3.2.3 Sanitary Sewer Conclusion ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.3 Stormwater Drainage

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3.3.1 Existing Stormwater Drainage Conditions

3.3.2 Proposed Stormwater Management

3.4 Other Utilities

3.4.1 Gas Supply

3.4.2 Electrical Power

3.4.3 Communications

Figures

1 Site Location Map

2 Existing Conditions Documents

Appendices

A Allyn Street Water Service Documents

B Allyn Street Sanitary Sewer Documents

C Allyn Street Stormwater Drainage Documents

D Allyn Street Natural Gas Supply Documents

E Allyn Street Electrical Service Documents

F Allyn Street Communications Service Documents

G Woodland Street Water Service Documents

H Woodland Street Sanitary Sewer Documents

I Woodland Street Stormwater Drainage Documents

J Woodland Street Natural Gas Supply Documents

K Woodland Street Electrical Service Documents

L Woodland Street Communications Service Documents

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1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose and Scope

This Utility Assessment Report has been prepared to define, in general, the availability of utilities, and the projected impact the proposed Hartford Federal Courthouse development will have on the

City of Hartford’s existing utility infrastructure, with a particular emphasis on:

1. Water supply

2. Sanitary sewers

3. Stormwater drainage

4. Gas, electric, and telecommunications

1.2 Project Description

The proposed redevelopment for the subject parcels depicts redeveloping 2 potential sites. These include a site on Allyn Street and another located at 61 Woodland Street, both located within the City of Hartford. The Allyn Street site consists of approximately 2.2 acres in the area bound by Allyn

Street, Church Street, High Street, and existing commercial and religious buildings along Ann Street.

The property is currently zoned as DT-2. The project site is bounded to the west by High St, to the north by Church Street, to the east by the St. Patrick-St. Anthony Roman Catholic Church and a commercial property, and to the south by Allyn Street.

The Woodland Street site consists of approximately 10.2 acres located at 61 Woodland Street. The property is currently zoned as MX-2. The project site is bounded by Classical High School to the north, Trinity Health properties to the northeast and east, other Connecticut State education facilities to the south, and Connecticut State and University of Connecticut buildings to the west.

The Allyn Street site is comprised of a surface parking lot. On-site existing topographic elevations range from 35 to 51 feet. Wetlands areas, watercourses or their upland review areas are unlikely to be located on the site.

The Woodland Street site is comprised of the former State of Connecticut Hartford Community

College building and parking lots. On-site existing topographic elevations range from 74 to 40 feet.

The Park River runs through the rear of the property, and associated wetlands and upland review areas are present on the site.

The proposed redevelopment includes the construction of an approximate 281,000 square foot

Federal Courthouse building along with the construction of parking, access drives, walkways, utilities, and landscaping. The site located at 61 Woodland Street will include the demolition of the existing building. Parking lots and driveways will be reconfigured to better serve the redevelopment.

A Site Location Map can be found as Figure 1 and existing conditions plans for both sites as Figure

2.

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2 Allyn Street Site Utility Assessment

2.1 Water Supply

2.1.1 Existing Water System

The existing water system is owned and operated by the Metropolitan District Commission (“The

MDC”). According to mapping obtained from The MDC, there is an existing 12-inch water main in

Allyn Street, an existing 16-inch water main in Church Street, and an existing 24-inch water main in

High Street, as well as a 6-inch domestic service in Church Street. The MDC mapping also shows fire hydrants located in the City right-of-way along all of Allyn, Church, and High Streets. Existing water service mapping is provided within Appendix A.

We recommend the water utility or MEP consultant perform a fire flow test to verify flow and pressure capacities are adequate to support the proposed improvements.

2.1.2 Projected Public Water Supply

Requirements

Coordination with The MDC will be required to determine whether there is adequate capacity in the line(s) to provide fire protection. Additional measures may be required to provide adequate fire flows such as water storage tanks or pumps.

The existing 6-inch water main services are likely adequate to support the projected domestic water requirement. Once domestic and fire water demands are finalized the design team can submit an

Availability and Capacity Request Form to The MDC in order for them to determine if there is in fact adequate capacity to serve the development.

2.2 Sanitary Sewers

2.2.1 Existing Sanitary Sewer Facilities

The sanitary sewer system is owned and operated by The MDC. According to mapping obtained from The MDC, there is an existing 18-inch combined stormwater/sanitary sewer main in Allyn

Street, an existing 72-inch combined stormwater/sanitary sewer main in Church Street, and an existing 24-inch combined stormwater/sanitary sewer main in High Street. An existing 18” sanitary sewer lateral and easement in favor of The MDC runs through the proposed site, connecting the St.

Patrick-St. Anthony Roman Catholic Church and adjacent facilities to the combined stormwater/sanitary line in Allyn Street. The MDC sanitary sewer service mapping is provided within

Appendix B.

2.2.2 Projected Sanitary Sewer Flows from

Proposed Project

Coordination with The MDC will be required to determine whether there is adequate capacity in the mains to support the proposed improvements. Once sanitary sewer flows are finalized, the design

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2.3 Stormwater Drainage

2.3.1 Existing Stormwater Drainage Conditions

Stormwater runoff generated by the Allyn Street site flows overland in the southeasterly direction towards the lowest area of the site.. It is believed that all the stormwater runoff is collected by catch basins on the southern and eastern edges of the parking lot which is then conveyed to catch basins located in Allyn Street. These catch basins convey stormwater to a combined stormwater/sanitary sewer main in Allyn Street. Existing stormwater drainage mapping is provided in Appendix C.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) mapping shows that the Allyn Street site does not lie within the 100-year or the 500-year flood plain.

Publicly available mapping maintained by the United States Department of Agriculture Natural

Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) provides an approximate evaluation of soils likely found on the sites. NRCS predicts on site soils will be entirely urban land at the Allyn Street site. Urban land is part of the Type “D” Hydrologic Soil Group and are considered to have” a very slow infiltration rate

(high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet.” The NRCS report of anticipated soil conditions is provided in Appendix C.

2.3.2 Proposed Stormwater Management

Detailed stormwater management evaluation and design will be prepared using stormwater planning guidelines established by the Technical Guidance on implementing the Stormwater Runoff

Requirements for Federal Projects under Section 438 of the Energy Independence and Security Act, the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (CTDEEP), as well as the City of Hartford Stormwater Management Plan. In addition, the design will try to incorporate measures to meet the criteria of the Connecticut Stormwater Quality Manual, and the 2024 Guidelines for Soil

Erosion and Sedimentation Control, as well as City of Hartford requirements as closely as possible while still complying with Section 438. Based on our experience, research, and data, it is our professional opinion that stormwater generated in this project can be managed using Low Impact

Development design techniques and BMPs, which will maintain the existing stormwater runoff to adjacent stormwater management systems.

The proposed design will need to meet the intent and the performance requirements of EISA Section

438 by implementing measures to reduce volume of stormwater discharge as well as rate of discharge. Section 438 outlines two options in order to achieve the design criteria goals of the section. Option 1 is to provide full retention of the 95th percentile storm event on site. If option 1 cannot be obtained due to site constraints, Option 2 can be used as an alternate. Option 2 requires a 10% or more reduction in stormwater peak runoff rates leaving the site post-construction as compared to pre-construction.

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Infiltration of stormwater should be used where geologic conditions permit. Most of the site is classified by NRCS as Type D, however, test pits in the locations of proposed BMPs can confirm native soil horizons and seasonal high groundwater depth. If favorable soil types and groundwater depths were to be encountered, soil testing to evaluate the infiltration rates throughout the site can be performed as part of the stormwater management evaluation during design development.

If poor infiltration rates are observed on site, providing subsurface detention or cisterns for water reuse will be necessary. Due to site size constraints, concrete detention structures will be evaluated to support this design requirement.

2.4 Other Utilities

2.4.1 Gas Supply

Currently the Connecticut Natural Gas Corporation has 6-inch gas main lines in Allyn and High

Streets, as well as a 4-inch gas main line in Church Street, to service the Allyn Street site. Projected gas demands were calculated at approximately 13,000 cubic feet per hour, providing heat and hot water fixtures, are likely to be accommodated by the Connecticut Natural Gas Corporation. Existing natural gas service mapping is provided in Appendix D.

2.4.2 Electrical Power

Existing three-phase electrical distribution lines, maintained by Eversource Energy, are located underground along Allyn Street, Church Street, and High Street. Correspondence with Eversource as well as existing electrical service mapping is provided in Appendix E.

2.4.3 Communications

Verizon has communications utilities that run underground in Church Street. Xfinity has communications utilities that run underground in Allyn and Church Streets. Frontier Communications has communications utilities that run underground along Allyn Street, Church Street, and High

Street. Mapping confirming communications service to the existing neighborhood is provided in

Appendix F.

3 61 Woodland Street Site Utility Assessment

3.1 Water Supply

3.1.1 Existing Water System

The existing water system is owned and operated by the The MDC. The existing water mapping depicts an existing 12-inch water main in Woodland Street with a 6-inch service laterals to the site, as well as a 36-inch water main in Asylum Avenue. Mapping also shows fire hydrants located in the city right-of-way along Woodland street and at the corner of Woodland and Asylum. Existing water service mapping is provided within Appendix G.

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We recommend the water utility or MEP consultant perform a fire flow test to verify flow and pressure capacities are adequate to support the proposed improvements.

3.1.2 Projected Public Water Supply

Requirements

Coordination with The MDC will be required to determine whether there is adequate capacity in the line(s) to provide fire protection. Additional measures may be required to provide adequate fire flows such as water storage tanks or pumps.

The existing 6-inch services are likely adequate to support the projected domestic water requirement. Once domestic and fire water demands are finalized the design team can submit an

Availability and Capacity Request Form to The MDC in order for them to determine if there is in fact adequate capacity to serve the development.

3.2 Sanitary Sewers

3.2.1 Existing Sanitary Sewer Facilities

The existing sanitary sewer system is owned and operated by The MDC. According to mapping obtained from The MDC, there is an existing 24” sanitary sewer main in Asylum Street and an existing 8” combined stormwater/sanitary sewer line in Woodland Street adjacent to the property.

Existing sanitary sewer service mapping is provided within Appendix H.

3.2.2 Projected Sanitary Sewer Flows from

Proposed Project

Coordination with The MDC will be required to determine whether there is adequate capacity in the mains to support the proposed improvements. Once sanitary sewer flows are finalized The MDC can review an Availability and Capacity application and issue a will-serve letter.

3.3 Stormwater Drainage

3.3.1 Existing Stormwater Drainage Conditions

A majority of the stormwater generated by 61 Woodland Street sheet flows to or is collected by catch basins and conveyed to the storm mains in Asylum and the combined line in Woodland Stret.

Stormwater from the eastern parking lots sheet flow to or are collected by catch basins and conveyed into the Park River, which runs through the rear of the development property. Stormwater from the building’s roof is collected by a series of gutters and downspouts that empty into the stormwater mains in Asylum and the combined stormwater/sanitary sewer main in Woodland Street.

Stormwater north and east of the existing building flows by overland flow towards the Asylum

Avenue or Woodland Street right-of-way’s and is then collected by The MDC’s stormwater management system in Asylum Avenue and the combined stormwater/sanitary sewer system in

Woodland Street. Existing stormwater drainage mapping is provided in Appendix C.

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Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) mapping shows that the Woodland Street site includes an area which lie within the 100-year and 500-year flood plain.

Publicly available mapping maintained by the United States Department of Agriculture Natural

Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) provides an approximate evaluation of soils likely found on the sites. NRCS predicts on site soils will be majority urban land. The site located at 61 Woodland

Street will also include Udorthents-Urban land complex and Saco silt loam. Urban land is part of the

Type “D” Hydrologic Soil Group and are considered to have” a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet.” Saco silt loam soils are also considered Type “D” soils. The

Udorthents-Urban land complex soils are part of the Type “B” Hydrologic Soil Group and are considered to be “moderately deep, moderately well drained to well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture.” The NRCS report of anticipated soil conditions is provided in Appendix I.

3.3.2 Proposed Stormwater Management

Detailed stormwater management evaluation and design will be prepared using stormwater planning guidelines established by the Technical Guidance on implementing the Stormwater Runoff

Requirements for Federal Projects under Section 438 of the Energy Independence and Security Act, the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (CTDEEP), as well as the City of Hartford Stormwater Management Plan. In addition, the design will try to incorporate measures to meet the criteria of the Connecticut Stormwater Quality Manual, and the 2024 Guidelines for Soil

Erosion and Sedimentation Control, as well as City of Hartford requirements as closely as possible while still complying with Section 438. Based on our experience, research, and data, it is our professional opinion that stormwater generated in this project can be managed using Low Impact

Development design techniques and BMPs, which will maintain the existing stormwater runoff to adjacent stormwater management systems.

The proposed design will need to meet the intent and the performance requirements of EISA Section

438 by implementing measures to reduce volume of stormwater discharge as well as rate of discharge. Section 438 outlines two options in order to achieve the design criteria goals of the section. Option 1 is to provide full retention of the 95th percentile storm event on site. If option 1 cannot be obtained due to site constraints, Option 2 can be used as an alternate. Option 2 requires a 10% or more reduction in stormwater peak runoff rates leaving the site post-construction as compared to pre-construction.

Infiltration of stormwater should be used where geologic conditions permit. Most of the site is classified by NRCS as Type D, however, test pits in the locations of proposed BMPs can confirm native soil horizons and seasonal high groundwater depth. A portion of the site contains Udorthents-

Urban land complex soils and are part of the Type “B” Hydrologic Soil Group. These are considered to be “moderately deep, moderately well drained to well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture.” The NRCS report of anticipated soil conditions is provided in

Appendix I. If favorable soil types and groundwater depths were to be encountered, soil testing to evaluate the infiltration rates throughout the site can be performed as part of the stormwater management evaluation during design development.

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If poor infiltration rates are observed on site, providing subsurface detention or cisterns for water reuse will be necessary. The Woodland Street site are is large and could provide space for additional green infrastructure and natural ways of mitigating peak stormwater runoff and water quality. At grade basins, water quality swales, and rain gardens are some of the typical design techniques used and should be evaluated prior to exploring subsurface detention structures.

3.4 Other Utilities

3.4.1 Gas Supply

Currently the Connecticut Natural Gas Corporation has 12-inch gas main lines in Woodland Street and Asylum Avenue. 61 Woodland Street is currently connected to the gas main in Woodland Street.

Projected gas demands were calculated at approximately 13,000 cubic feet per hour, providing heat and hot water fixtures, are likely to be accommodated by the Connecticut Natural Gas Corporation.

Existing natural gas service mapping is provided in Appendix J.

3.4.2 Electrical Power

Existing three-phase electrical distribution lines, maintained by Eversource Energy, are located underground along Woodland Street and Asylum Avenue. Correspondence with Eversource and existing electrical service mapping is provided in Appendix K.

3.4.3 Communications

Verizon and Xfinity have communications utilities that run underground in Woodland Street. Frontier

Communications have communications utilities that run underground along Woodland Street and

Asylum Avenue. Mapping confirming communications service to the existing neighborhood is provided in Appendix L.

Figure 1

Site Location Map

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FIGURE 1

20200710.A10

JULY 2024HARTFORD FEDERAL COURTHOUSE

SITE LOCATION MAP

ALLYN STREET

61 WOODLAND STREET

HARTFORD CONNECTICUTGRAPHIC SCALE

CUSTOM SCALE

1000' 2000'

146 HARTFORD ROAD

MANCHESTER, CT 06040

860.646.2469 www.fando.com

Figure 2

Existing Conditions Documents

Appendix A

Allyn Street Water Service Documents

Appendix B

Allyn Street Sanitary Sewer Documents

Appendix C

Allyn Street Stormwater Drainage Documents

United States Department of Agriculture

A product of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local participants

Custom Soil Resource Report for State of Connecticut, Western Part

Natural Resources Conservation Service

June 27, 2024

Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.

They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.

Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.

The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/ portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?

cid=nrcs142p2_053951).

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/ http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/ https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?cid=nrcs142p2_053951 alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Contents Preface How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil Map

Soil Map Legend Map Unit Legend Map Unit Descriptions

State of Connecticut, Western Part 307—Urban land

Soil Information for All Uses Soil Properties and Qualities

Soil Qualities and Features Hydrologic Soil Group (Allyn Street)

References

How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.

Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).

Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research.

The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.

The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded.

These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.

Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management.

Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and

Custom Soil Resource Report identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.

Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.

Soil Map

692800 692820 692840 692860 692880 692900 692920 692940 692960 692980 693000 693020

692800 692820 692840 692860 692880 692900 692920 692940 692960 692980 693000 693020

41° 46' 10'' N

0'

0' ' W

41° 46' 10'' N

0'

9' ' W

41° 46' 5'' N

0'

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41° 46' 5'' N

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N

Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 18N WGS84 0 50 100 200 300

Feet 0 15 30 60 90

Meters Map Scale: 1:1,100 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet.

Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.

MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION

Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI)

Soils Soil Map Unit Polygons

Soil Map Unit Lines

Soil Map Unit Points

Special Point Features Blowout

Borrow Pit

Clay Spot

Closed Depression

Gravel Pit

Gravelly Spot

Landfill

Lava Flow

Marsh or swamp

Mine or Quarry

Miscellaneous Water

Perennial Water

Rock Outcrop

Saline Spot

Sandy Spot

Severely Eroded Spot

Sinkhole

Slide or Slip

Sodic Spot

Spoil Area

Stony Spot

Very Stony Spot

Wet Spot

Other

Special Line Features

Water Features Streams and Canals

Transportation Rails

Interstate Highways

US Routes

Major Roads

Local Roads

Background Aerial Photography

The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:12,000.

Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.

Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale.

Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements.

Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL:

Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)

Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required.

This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below.

Soil Survey Area: State of Connecticut, Western Part Survey Area Data: Version 1, Sep 15, 2023

Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger.

Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jun 14, 2022—Oct 6, The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.

Map Unit Legend

Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI

307 Urban land 5.6 100.0%

Totals for Area of Interest 5.6 100.0%

Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.

Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.

Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.

These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.

A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.

The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.

An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.

An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.

Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.

State of Connecticut, Western Part

307—Urban land

Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9lmh Elevation: 0 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 43 to 56 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 185 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit Composition Urban land: 80 percent Minor components: 20 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Urban Land

Typical profile H - 0 to 6 inches: material

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Hydric soil rating: Unranked

Minor Components

Unnamed, undisturbed soils Percent of map unit: 10 percent Hydric soil rating: No

Udorthents, wet substratum Percent of map unit: 10 percent Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Linear Hydric soil rating: No

Soil Information for All Uses

Soil Properties and Qualities The Soil Properties and Qualities section includes various soil properties and qualities displayed as thematic maps with a summary table for the soil map units in the selected area of interest. A single value or rating for each map unit is generated by aggregating the interpretive ratings of individual map unit components. This aggregation process is defined for each property or quality.

Soil Qualities and Features

Soil qualities are behavior and performance attributes that are not directly measured, but are inferred from observations of dynamic conditions and from soil properties. Example soil qualities include natural drainage, and frost action. Soil features are attributes that are not directly part of the soil. Example soil features include slope and depth to restrictive layer. These features can greatly impact the use and management of the soil.

Hydrologic Soil Group (Allyn Street)

Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four groups according to the rate of water infiltration when the soils are not protected by vegetation, are thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from long-duration storms.

The soils in the United States are assigned to four groups (A, B, C, and D) and three dual classes (A/D, B/D, and C/D). The groups are defined as follows:

Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission.

Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture. These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission.

Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water transmission.

Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material.

These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission.

If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D, B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for drained areas and the second is for undrained areas. Only the soils that in their natural condition are in group D are assigned to dual classes.

Map—Hydrologic Soil Group (Allyn Street)

692800 692820 692840 692860 692880 692900 692920 692940 692960 692980 693000 693020

692800 692820 692840 692860 692880 692900 692920 692940 692960 692980 693000 693020

41° 46' 10'' N

0'

0' ' W

41° 46' 10'' N

0'

9' ' W

41° 46' 5'' N

0'

0' ' W

41° 46' 5'' N

0'

9' ' W

N

Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 18N WGS84 0 50 100 200 300

Feet 0 15 30 60 90

Meters Map Scale: 1:1,100 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet.

Area of Interest (AOI)

Soils Soil Rating Polygons

A

A/D

B

B/D

C

C/D

D

Not rated or not available

Soil Rating Lines A

A/D

B

B/D

C

C/D

D

Not rated or not available

Soil Rating Points A

A/D

B

B/D

C

C/D

D

Not rated or not available

Water Features Streams and Canals

Transportation Rails

Interstate Highways

US Routes

Major Roads

Local Roads

Background Aerial Photography

The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:12,000.

Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.

Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale.

Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements.

Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL:

Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)

Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required.

This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below.

Soil Survey Area: State of Connecticut, Western Part Survey Area Data: Version 1, Sep 15, 2023

Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger.

Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jun 14, 2022—Oct 6, The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.

Table—Hydrologic Soil Group (Allyn Street)

Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI

307 Urban land D 5.6 100.0%

Totals for Area of Interest 5.6 100.0%

Rating Options—Hydrologic Soil Group (Allyn Street)

Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition

Aggregation is the process by which a set of component attribute values is reduced to a single value that represents the map unit as a whole.

A map unit is typically composed of one or more "components". A component is either some type of soil or some nonsoil entity, e.g., rock outcrop. For the attribute being aggregated, the first step of the aggregation process is to derive one attribute value for each of a map unit's components. From this set of component attributes, the next step of the aggregation process derives a single value that represents the map unit as a whole. Once a single value for each map unit is derived, a thematic map for soil map units can be rendered. Aggregation must be done because, on any soil map, map units are delineated but components are not.

For each of a map unit's components, a corresponding percent composition is recorded. A percent composition of 60 indicates that the corresponding component typically makes up approximately 60% of the map unit. Percent composition is a critical factor in some, but not all, aggregation methods.

The aggregation method "Dominant Condition" first groups like attribute values for the components in a map unit. For each group, percent composition is set to the sum of the percent composition of all components participating in that group. These groups now represent "conditions" rather than components. The attribute value associated with the group with the highest cumulative percent composition is returned. If more than one group shares the highest cumulative percent composition, the corresponding "tie-break" rule determines which value should be returned. The "tie-break" rule indicates whether the lower or higher group value should be returned in the case of a percent composition tie. The result returned by this aggregation method represents the dominant condition throughout the map unit only when no tie has occurred.

Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified

Components whose percent composition is below the cutoff value will not be considered. If no cutoff value is specified, all components in the database will be considered.