Pre-Site Analysis Report I_Michael Maltzan Architecture.pdf

Hartford, CT New Federal Courthouse Contract No.: 47PB00024C0015

Fall 2024

PRE-SITE ANALYSIS

REPORT I

SLAM Collaborative

MICHAEL

MALTZAN

ARCHITECTURE, INC.

Michael Maltzan Architecture, Inc. | SLAM Collaborative General Services Administration2 / 3 /

PART 1: PROJECT BACKGROUND

PART 2: SITES ANALYSIS

PART 3: TEST FIT STUDIES

Allyn Site & Woodland Site Studies 64

PART 4: COST MODEL & TIMELINE

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B

Reference Pre-Site Analysis Report II

TABLE OF CONTENTS

This document is the property of the United States Government and is for official use only.

U.S. General Services Administration

Public Building Service

Developed by:

Michael Maltzan Architecture, Inc. [Prime Consultant, Design Architect] SLAM Collaborative [AOR]

Fall 2024

All drawings and diagrams included in this document have been produced as study materials in support of the pre-site analysis efforts. Images included outside of these materials have been credited in the Appendix of this report.

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PART 1: PROJECT PART 1: PROJECT

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

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The new U.S. courthouse in Hartford Connecticut will perform as a new civic landmark in the city, comprising courtrooms, offices, and secure holding facilities, across approximately 281,000 square feet.

The new courthouse will provide updated facilities in accordance with the General Services Administration’s (GSA’s) Guiding Principles of Federal Architecture and Design Excellence Program, capable of servicing the local community and enabling its tenants to carry out their respective objectives and responsibilities. The facility is intended to replace the existing Abraham A. Ribicoff Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse as the primary building for the U.S. Courts in Hartford, which was constructed in 1963.

This report is organized in support of the design and site-acquisition activities of the project and is intended to provide a high-level series of analysis criteria between the two shortlisted sites: 180 Allyn Street and 61 Woodland Street.

Additionally, this document will serve as a resource in support of the GSA and designated project Site Selection Committee (SSC) as they work through the requirements outlined by

AE Team:

• Prime Consultant, Design

Architect: Michael Maltzan Architecture, Inc.

• AOR: SLAM Collaborative

• Structural Engineer: Guy Nordenson and Associates

• Landscape Architect: Mikyoung Kim Designs

• Civil Engineer: Fuss & O’Neill

• MEP: Introba

• AV/IT, Data: Polysonics

• Security/Blast: Thornton Tomasetti

• Sustainability: Buro Happold

• Universal Design & Accessibility:

KMA

• Code/Fire-Life Safety & Systems:

Jensen Hughes

• Cost Estimating: Directional Logic the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) for this project.

Part 1, Project Background, establishes the sites-related contents of the new federal courthouse – outlining context around each shortlisted site, a brief history of Hartford, and a more detailed overview of the site selection process.

Part two, Site Analysis, takes an analytical approach to understanding the benefits and risks of each site as determined by criteria identified by the selected AE (Architecture and Engineering) team. The majority of the criteria studied has been dictated based on relevant disciplines that have been selected as integral for the current project phase.

Part 3, Test Fits, examines the allocated program distribution within high-level massing studies and begins to analyze site conditions around each. This series of studies investigates the ways in which each form may begin to directly respond to contextual conditions on each site. Part 4, Cost Model & Timeline, provides an overview of the overall project timelines and cost factors around each site given the outlined project phases and baseline assumptions/durations.

NEPA studies, as conducted by the Site Selection Committee, are running concurrently to the project development. The abridged cost model included in this report is limited to costs associated exclusively with sitework.

The Appendix includes a Geotechnical Desktop Study of each site, Historic Eligibility Assessment of 61 Woodland Street, and a Parking Feasibility study to supplement the baseline pre-site analysis contents.

Once a site determination has been reached for this project, further site analysis and massing studies will be conducted on the singular selected site.

Sketch of the city of Hartford from above the Connecticut River by Michael Maltzan.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Part 1: Project Background Executive Summary

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CONNECTICUT RIVER

I-84 FREEWAY

I-91 FREEWAY

ALLYN SITE

WOODLAND SITE

History of Hartford Hartford, CT, was founded in 1637 and has grown into a hub of commerce, governance, and culture.

With a population approximately 120,000, it is the capital of Connecticut and serves as the core of the Greater Hartford metropolitan area.1

The city’s historical significance is reflected in its landmarks, including the Connecticut State Capitol and the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, the country’s oldest public art museum.2 Many historic buildings were constructed using brownstone, sourced from nearby Portland, Connecticut, while brickwork commonly came from local kilns.3

Hartford was originally inhabited by the Tunxis, an Algonquian-speaking Indigenous people who lived there for generations, engaging in agriculture, fishing, and trade.4 Reverend Thomas Hooker later formally founded the city and it quickly became an important center of trade and governance due to its strategic location along the Connecticut River.5 As European settlers arrived, conflicts arose, resulting in the displacement of many Indigenous communities.

Site Selection The site selection process is intended to analyze environmental, social, economic, political, historical, cultural and contextual elements around each of the shortlisted sites in order to ultimately make an informed site determination. Once a site determination has been reached, the project will enter into subsequent design-based phases, as well as more thorough site analysis focused around a singular site.

For the purposes of the Pre-Site Analysis Report, analysis criteria identified with the assistance of the SSC will be used to understand the context around each site, and potential impacts on the identified project program.

Throughout the 18th century, Hartford continued to grow as a key economic and political hub. The city became an active participant in the American Revolutionary War, providing supplies and troops to the Continental Army.6 Post-war, Hartford expanded as a commercial center, benefiting from its river access, which allowed for significant trade and shipbuilding industries.7 The city also became known for its cultural and intellectual contributions, as home to prominent figures such as author Mark Twain and abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe.8

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Hartford’s economy boomed, with its downtown bustling with commercial and industrial activity. The rise of the insurance industry cemented the city’s status as the “Insurance Capital of the World.”9 By the mid-20th century, however, Hartford faced significant challenges, including suburbanization, economic decline, and population loss.10 The construction of the I-91 freeway further separated the city from its waterfront.11 In the 21st century, Hartford remains a hub for finance, education, and culture.

PROJECT CONTEXT

Google Earth image of the two sites looking down past the Connecticut River and downtown Hartford.

Part 1: Project Background Project Context

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HIGH STREET

CHURCH S

TREET

ALLYN STREET

The Allyn Street site, located in Hartford’s urban core, is surrounded by major civic and cultural institutions, including the Connecticut State Capitol, Bushnell Park, and Union Train Station. It is also near Hartford City Hall, the Abraham A. Ribicoff courthouse, and Hartford Public Library. The site, currently a 2.19-acre parking lot, offers prominent visibility within the city’s dense urban fabric.

The location is also close to cultural attractions like the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art and various public sculptures, reinforcing its potential to enhance the city’s civic identity. Surrounded by dining, retail, and commercial establishments, the site benefits from convenient access and is well-connected via I-84, bus, and train lines. Traffic congestion may be a concern during peak periods, though city initiatives like the Complete Streets Plan, and the Bicycle Master Plan, aim to address these challenges and improve transportation flow.

180 Allyn Street:

Civic / NationalResidential Office / Commercial EducationPublic / Cultural / Institution

Google Earth Image of the Allyn Street Site, one of the sites selected by the site selection committee.

Part 1: Project Background 180 Allyn Street

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WOODLAND STREET A

S Y

LU

M

A V

E N

U E

The Woodland site, located just outside downtown Hartford, is proximate to cultural landmarks like the Mark Twain House and educational institutions such as the University of Connecticut School of Law. Spanning nearly 10 acres and bordered by the Park River to the northwest, the site transitions into nearby residential neighborhoods.

It houses two historically significant buildings, the Phoenix Insurance Company Building and the Perkins-Clark House Garage, and is surrounded by a rich array of amenities including hospitals, schools, and religious institutions.

The site’s semi-suburban setting offers a scenic contrast to a typical urban courthouse, with opportunities for a less visually competitive design that accounts for the beauty of the surrounding landscape. Its proximity to cultural and educational facilities makes it well-positioned for courthouse visitors and staff, though thoughtful design will be needed to enhance its visibility and presence in the broader area. Additionally, the lower density of surrounding buildings creates the potential for clear views toward downtown and a direct visual connection to Hartford’s urban core.

61 Woodland Street:

Medical / HealthResidential Office / Commercial EducationPublic / Cultural / Institution

Google Earth Image of the Woodland Street Site, one of the sites selected by the site selection committee.

Part 1: Project Background 61 Woodland Street

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PART 2: SITE ANALYSISPART 2: SITE ANALYSISPage Intentionally Left Bank

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The following analysis criteria points have been identified by choosing AE team disciplines in support of the Site Selection Committee’s site selection process.

Architecture

Infrastructure Proximities

Transportation, Circulation, Access to the Site)

Blast / Security

Sustainability

Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing

Landscape

Civil Engineering

• Site Utilities

Structural Engineering

SITE ANALYSIS

View above the Allyn site towards Bushnell Park and the Connecticut State Capitol.

Part 2: Site Analysis Analysis Criteria

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CIVIC / CULTURAL RELATIONSHIPS

The Allyn Street site is located near a number of civic and cultural institutions in Hartford. As previously noted, the site is in the vicinity of civic landmarks like the Connecticut State Capitol building, Bushnell Park, Bushnell Performing Arts Center and the Union Train Station. The site is also near local civic institutions including Hartford City Hall, the existing Hartford courthouse at the Abraham A.

Ribicoff building, Hartford Public Library, and adjacent to the William R. Cotter Federal Building.

The site is near cultural landmarks, such as the Ancient Burial Ground, Carl Andre’s “Stone Field” sculpture, the Bushnell Plaza Sculpture Garden, and the historic Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art.

This location offers a chance to strengthen the city’s democratic character. It’s well connected to the neighborhood and has the potential to link the city’s current civic and cultural life with its future identity.

As seen with nearby buildings that serve a similar role, placing a public institution in a downtown area can help drive the city’s growth, especially with support from the local community.

The Woodland site is located on the edge of downtown Hartford, near cultural landmarks like the Mark Twain House and educational institutions such as the University of Connecticut School of Law.

Surrounded by greenery and bisected by the Park River to the northwest, the site transitions quickly into residential neighborhoods to the north and northwest. Spanning nearly 10 acres, it projects from the intersection of Asylum Avenue and Woodland Street. Two historically significant buildings occupy the site:

the Phoenix Insurance Company Building and the Perkins-Clark House Garage (see Historical Eligibility Assessment in the Appendix for details). To the west lies the Connecticut Museum of Culture and History, while the Mark Twain House is further south on Woodland Street. Nearby blocks also feature various religious institutions and educational facilities. The site’s proximity to history, art, education, and suburban neighborhoods fosters a strong sense of domesticity around the Woodland site.

180 Allyn Street: 61 Woodland Street:

The Hartford Civic Center/Coliseum (current: XL Center) shortly after its completion, c. 1979. The Sheraton hotel tower can be seen in the background.

Part 2: Site Analysis Architecture

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180 Allyn Street:

Pros:

• Central location allows for close proximity to cultural landmarks and community events.

• Historic and cultural institutions are located within walking distance including: the Bushnell Performing Arts Center, Hartford Stage, and Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art.

• Opportunities for year-round civic engagement are prompted by the central downtown neighborhood.

Cons:

• Public events and cultural activities create the potential for noise pollution during the day.

• Iconic presence falls to the background of an already busy and bustling downtown area.

• Direct street access to the site may be reduced during peak hours of activity at adjacent facilities, such as events at the XL Center.

61 Woodland Street:

Pros:

• Located in close proximity to academic and health institutions such as the University of Connecticut School of Law and St. Francis Hospital.

• Cultural institutions such as the Connecticut Museum of Culture and History are located within walking distance of the site.

• Location along the periphery of downtown Hartford and more residential neighborhoods provides “buffer” spaces around the site.

Cons:

• Reduced year-round community and civic engagement due to fewer adjacent publicly programmed institutions.

• Heavy reliance on nearby amenities for community integration and functional support.

• Fewer cultural adjacencies between neighboring facilities.

Part 2: Site Analysis Architecture

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AMENITIES / PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PROXIMITIES

180 Allyn Street:

The site is surrounded by a diverse range of amenities including dining, retail and commercial establishments that are available to the courthouse tenants and visitors throughout the day. The site’s urban setting provides access to these amenities via various modes of transportation, including walking, cycling, and driving.

This proximity enhances the daily convenience for those who work at or visit the site.

The XL Center, located across Ann Ucello Street from the site, is a multi-purpose arena which operates as a convention center and sports/ concert venue for Hartford and the surrounding region. Along the Main Street corridor and across the I-84 highway is Dunkin Park where people can enjoy Hartford Yard Goats games.

Public infrastructure includes Bushnell Park, which provides large walkable green space and space for public programming. The park is home to the Connecticut State Capitol building and the historic Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Arch.

61 Woodland Street:

The Woodland site is set in a semi-suburban area that supports a wide range of amenities including hospitals, dental offices, art and educational facilities, and religious institutions.

Across Asylum Avenue is Classical High School and a series of healthcare facilities such as St. Francis Hospital, Day Hospital, and Trinity Health of New England. Opposite the site towards the south is the Connecticut Technical Education High School, Woodland Women’s Health Associates, and Hartford Dental Group. Towards the west across Park River is the University of Connecticut School of Law and directly adjacent to the south is the Hartford International University for Religion and Peace and the Hartford Institute for Religion Research. Directly across Woodland Street is an art center, county club, performance theater, and two churches at opposite ends of the block.

The proximity of these programs to the Woodland site should be considered as key components to how the courthouse tenants and visitors will use the amenities provided by the surrounding context, and identify any gaps that the courthouse may need to fill.

Bushnell Park and the State Capitol Building.

Part 2: Site Analysis Architecture

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Pros:

• Robust public infrastructure including utilities and safety measures.

• Diverse adjacent programming improves the quality of life of courthouse tenants and visitors.

• Ongoing city-led initiatives for re-investment cycles for downtown initiatives including the development of the XL Corridor, Main Street Corridor and Pratt Street Corridor.

Cons:

• Potential overcrowding brought upon by surrounding amenities during cultural/public events.

• Limited space for future expansions of amenities located immediately on the site.

KEY:

61 Woodland Street:

Pros:

• Direct access and close proximity to a variety of large public green/ open spaces.

• Increased opportunities to expand programs for future planning on the site.

Cons:

• Lower variety of amenities around the site that cater to courthouse tenants and visitors.

• Fewer infrastructural developments around the site, and lower potential for public programming investments.

• Setback from Woodland Street created a reduced street-front presence in the city.

KEY:

Retail

Dining

Education

Hotel

Bank / ATM

Medical / Health

Retail

Dining

Education

Hotel

Bank / ATM

Medical / Health

Part 2: Site Analysis Architecture

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VIEWS & VISIBILITY

180 Allyn Street:

The Allyn site is prominently visible within Hartford’s dense urban core and is enhanced by its proximity to major landmarks and public spaces. Southward views from the site overlooking Bushnell Park toward the Connecticut State Capitol visually link the site to legislative activities. The site is positioned among high-rises and an active urban environment. Strategic architectural solutions will be necessary to preserve clear lines of sight and ensure a distinct presence in the cityscape.

At street level, the site is visible from various vantage points. There are also points of visibility to and from Bushnell Park. From the site, the inevitable height of the prospective courthouse will have a significant presence in downtown. Relationships between heights of neighboring buildings will have to be carefully considered during the design process.

61 Woodland Street:

The Woodland site offers views that contrast with the typical urban courthouse setting. The lower-density environment reduces visual competition, which poses the potential to enhance the site’s scenic appeal. The peripheral location may impact the site’s immediate recognizability and a strategic design will be needed to maintain visibility while ensuring the site establishes a noticeable presence within the broader landscape. Furthermore, there is an opportunity to use a larger portion of the property around the site and develop a design that does not appear to preside over the adjacent buildings. The design strategies of this site will be less driven by the surrounding context as it would be in downtown.

Additionally, the lower buildings east of Woodland provide a less obstructed view towards downtown and a potential opportunity to visually link the urban core to the periphery site.

View of the city of Hartford city skyline from the eastern side of the Connecticut River.

Part 2: Site Analysis Architecture

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Pros:

• Central location that provides the site with an iconic downtown presence, and visibility from several points around the city.

• Offers views of significant city landmarks around the site, including the Connecticut State Capitol building, Union Train Station and the XL Center.

• Increased lines of sight to the site support its presence as a democratic icon within the city.

Cons:

• Potential overshadowing by adjacent high-rise towers.

• Surrounding dense urban development may restrict views to and from the site.

• A higher level of urban light pollution can negatively impact visibility at night.

61 Woodland Street:

Pros:

• Variety of views to green spaces adjacent to the site from all vantage points around the site.

• Potential for the building to have a stand-out presence within its context on this site.

Cons:

• No direct visible connections to or from other civic buildings in Hartford and has visual isolation from the surrounding landscape.

• Views to and from the site will be less connected from the surrounding context, and more driven by existing elements in and around the site.

CITY

PLACE I

CITY

PLACE I

UNION

STATION

UNION STATION

LIAM E. MCGEE

MEMORIAL

PARK

CATHEDRAL OF

ST. JOSEPH

GOODWIN

SQUARE

GOODWIN

SQUARE

GOLDWIN

SQUARE

ALLYN

SITE

ALLYN

SITE

SOLDIERS&

SAILORS

MEMORIAL

ARCH

SOLDIERS&

SAILORS

MEMORIAL

ARCH

CT STATE

CAPITOL

CT STATE

CAPITOL

CLASSICAL

HIGH SCHOOL

DAY HOSPITAL

CLASSICAL

HIGH SCHOOLCLASSICAL

HIGH SCHOOL

CT MUSEUM

OF CULTURE &

HISTORY

CT WOMEN’S

HEALTH CENTER

DOWNTOWN

HARTFORD

WOODLAND

SITE WOODLAND

SITE

WOODLAND

SITE

I84 and Church St. - Facing East Capitol Hill - Facing North

South on the site, facing the Capitol - 10th Floor West Facing Woodland - 10th Floor

East on the site, Facing Downtown - 10th Floor Asylum Ave - Facing East

Woodland Facing North Woodland St. Facing South

Part 2: Site Analysis Architecture

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The Allyn site is accessible by local streets, and is bordered by Union Train Station, I-84, and the Main Street corridor. The site can be accessed directly by I-84 and several modes of public transportation including bus and train lines. These modes of transportation enhance the site’s connectivity for both local and regional visitors, and support a multi-modal transit-oriented lifestyle that promotes frequent use of shared infrastructure. However, the intersection of these transit options in conjunction with adjacent programs surrounding the site create potential for the facility to likely face traffic congestion during peak activity periods. The city has put several initiatives into place to mitigate congestion including the Complete Streets Plan and the Bicycle Master Plan; continued strategic planning will be needed to mitigate the long-term effects.

Please reference the Pre-Site Analysis Report II: Parking Needs Assessment for information regarding parking capacities on and around each site.

SITE ACCESS

61 Woodland Street:

The Woodland site is accessible by local streets via I-84; local bus services help manage congestion alongside pedestrian and cycling traffic. Unlike a more centrally located urban site, this site does not support direct highway access, and may necessitate infrastructural enhancements to effectively address potential increased traffic volumes (particularly during project construction). Increased traffic activity has the potential to impact immediate communities, including tenants, residents, students and patients. Ongoing city initiatives, including the North Branch Park River Watershed Management Plan, intend to improve public accessibility to the area and reconfigure designated parking zones away from the river which would assist in mitigating the adverse effects of a new courthouse.

View of the Connecticut River, Buckley Bridge to the right, Hartford sculpture walk in the center; downtown Hartford fills the background.

Part 2: Site Analysis Architecture

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Pros:

• Proximate to major transportation infrastructure, including interstate highways and public transportation options allows the site to be well connected to the city.

• High walkability score and provides pedestrian access to amenities within the 5- and 10-minute walking distance.

• High ease of access to local and regional transportation connections.

Cons:

• High potential for traffic and parking congestion during cultural events.

• Limited transportation schedules may impact regular access to the site for visitors and tenants using public transportation.

KEY:

61 Woodland Street:

Pros:

• Increased space for multi-modal means of transportation provide potential for future-planning efforts.

• High likelihood for increased on-site parking for courthouse visitors and tenants.

Cons:

• Limited interstate highway access for non-local visitors.

• Current access to parking relies heavily on adjacent public and private parking facilities and other businesses.

• Likelihood of increased traffic congestion from adjacent high-traffic areas, including St.

Francis hospital.

KEY:

Direct Points Of Access Vehicular Access

Public Transportation Transportation Infrastructure

Direct Points Of Access Vehicular Access

Public Transportation Transportation Infrastructure

Part 2: Site Analysis Architecture

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SECURITY / SAFETY

180 Allyn Street:

The Allyn site benefits from its adjacency to other secured facilities;

however, it may limit the opportunity to develop a “fenced-in” campus environment and available standoff distances. Due to the limited site area and adjacent buildings, screening operations may need to be placed below-grade. Additionally, events in adjacent facilities, such as the XL Center, with fluctuations in high-traffic populations, may impact traffic and access to and immediately around the site.

61 Woodland Street:

The larger projected building footprint on the Woodland site allows for the ability to increase standoff distances around the facility. There are increased opportunities to create a fenced-in campus including additional surface parking. Additionally, the immediate proximity to medical facilities may be beneficial during an emergency situation.

There are draw backs, however, to a larger site. Costs associated with surveillance, cameras, fencing, landscaping due to a larger perimeter will be significant. This site is located within both the 100-year and 500-year floodplains, with the eastern half of the site elevated above the floodplain. The site abuts a freshwater and riverine wetland located to the west. The portion of the site that is located within the floodplains may present design challenges and introduce the risk of flooding despite the building not being physically located on the floodplain.

Secure parking and loading dock entrance with CSO post at the Los Angeles Federal Courthouse.

Part 2: Site Analysis Blast/Security

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KEY: KEY:

180 Allyn Street:

Pros:

• Adjacent to other secured facilities, including the Cotter Federal Building at the catty-corner of Church Street and High Street.

• Located above the 100-year and 500-year floodplains.

Cons:

• Smaller projected building footprint may limit the available standoff distances around the site.

• Screen operations may need to be placed below-grade

• Traffic may be affected due to events in adjacent facilities.

• Urban setting may attract increased opportunity for low level crime activity and points of congregation for protest.

• More vulnerable to high angled attacks due to surrounding tall building structures (i.e. ranged ballistic attacks).

• Limited passive surveillance during off-peak hours for the facility/site.

61 Woodland Street:

Pros:

• A larger building footprint can offer greater standoff distances.

better accommodated due to increased available area around the site.

• Greater potential for a fenced-in campus including additional surface parking.

• Proximity to medical facilities during a potential emergency situation is beneficial.

• Residential surroundings may offer passive surveillance during off-peak hours.

Cons:

• Significant costs and risks associated with adding parking on-site.

• Costs associated with surveillance due to a larger perimeter will be significant.

• Adjacent high school may pose traffic issues along Asylum Avenue and Woodland Street.

• Site boundary is located within both the 100-year and 500-year floodplains, with the eastern half of the site elevated above the floodplain. Legal Street Parking

High-Risk Facility / Area Adjacent Facility

Legal Street Parking

High-Risk Facility / Area Adjacent Facility

Part 2: Site Analysis Blast/Security

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The Allyn site is located within an urban infill context that offers opportunities for material reuse and reducing overall embodied carbon emissions. Additionally the site’s location would support long term resiliency by minimizing damage and costs associated with flood risk.

Currently the site is a large paved lot, providing the opportunity to support the ecosystem through habitat restoration. However, there are disadvantages to choosing the smaller downtown location including limited space for solar, rainwater collection and green/open space for employees and visitors.

SUSTAINABILITY

61 Woodland Street:

The Woodland site is located in a residential neighborhood near St.

Francis Hospital and Connecticut Historical Society on approximately 10-acres. It includes a large building structure as well as developed, landscaped and wooded areas. The large site poses opportunities to provide many benefits including open and green space availability and potential for solar capture and rainwater collection. However, there are disadvantages related to increased climate risk and extensive deconstruction/demolition and upgrades.

Landscaped plaza including birch tree canopy, sculptures and amphitheater outside the main entry of the Seattle Federal Courthouse.

Part 2: Site Analysis Sustainability

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Pros:

• Paving materials can be reused through the grinding and mixing of old asphalt and crushed concrete to produce aggregate for new materials, ultimately reducing overall costs.

• Lower floor risk according to the FEMA National Flood Hazard map.

• Opportunities for habitat restoration through the purposeful restoration of the site through removal of selected paved surfaces, planting of native and pollinator plants and implementing green roofs and gardens.

Cons:

• Less space to retain stormwater onsite for irrigation purposes and reduction of water consumption.

• Reduced space for onsite ground mount solar with limited opportunity for car port and rooftop solar installation.

61 Woodland Street: .

Pros:

• Ample space which could allow for occupant connectivity with nature, natural lighting and biophilic design.

• Abundant space for onsite water treatment including collection, storage and treatment of stormwater and gray/blackwater onsite.

• Space on the site provides increased opportunities for on-site solar generation including ground mounted solar, car ports and roof top solar options.

Cons:

• Existing building structure would require extensive deconstruction and removal of construction and demolition waste.

• Utilities to the current structure will require significant upgrades in the event of major renovation and new construction.

• Located on 100- and 500-year floodplains at risk of damage during flooding and storms.

Part 2: Site Analysis Sustainability

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GSA Requirements & Green Initiatives LEED Requirements

• Location & Transportation (Electric

Vehicles)

• Sustainable Sites (Rainwater

Management)

• Energy & Atmosphere (Optimize

Energy Performance, Green Power and Carbon Offsets)

• Materials & Resources (Building Lifecycle Impact Reduction)

• Construction & Demolition Waste Management

Site Analysis Allyn Site LEED Opportunities

• Locations and Transportation

(Density and Diverse Uses, Access to Quality Transit)

• Regional Priority Credits (Access to Quality Transit, Surrounding Density, Optimize Energy Performance, Sourcing of Raw Materials)

Woodland Site LEED Opportunities

• Sustainable Sites (Protect or

Restore Habitat)

• Energy and Atmosphere

(Renewable Energy)

• Indoor Environmental Quality

(Daylight, Quality Views)

• Regional Priority Credits (Optimize

Energy Performance, Sourcing of Raw Materials)

P oi nt s

GSA p100 baseline requirements 33 Points

LEED Platinum 80-85 Points

LEED Gold 60-79 Points

Allyn Site 58 Points

Woodland Site 51 Points

Minimum required points

LEED Platinum

LEED Gold

LEED Silver

LEED Certified

Base Requirement Description LEED Credit Overlap

LEED and SITES Certification LEED Gold and SITES Silver baseline

Energy Efficiency Net Zero Energy Ready Energy + Atmosphere

Net Zero Energy Ready Pursue Building Electrification Strategy Energy + Atmosphere

Electrification and Net Zero Emissions

100% Carbon Pollution Free Electricity Energy + Atmosphere

Electric Vehicle Chargers Provide Charging stations for Government and personally owned EVs

Location + Transportation

Embodied Carbon Whole Buildings Sustainable Design Checklist

Materials + Resources

Guiding Principals Federal Buildings Sustainable Design Checklist

Green Proving Ground Evaluate and Incorporate an innovative building technology

Operational Excellence Consider accessibility, durability, reliability, maintainability and cleanability for planned spaces

Indoor Air Quality

Climate Risk Management Climate Risk Analysis Innovation Credits

Reduce Waste and Pollution Divert non-hazardous C&D waste from landfills

Materials + Resources

Stormwater Management Manage precipitation Water Efficiency, Sustainable Sites

Community Planning Align strategy to local economic, sustainability, and livability goals and advance environmental justice

Environmental Justice Ensure residents and businesses have opportunities to provide meaningful input. Avoid negative impacts on disadvantages communities.

Project LEED Standing and pathways to achieving LEED Gold.

Part 2: Site Analysis Sustainability

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Location & Transportation

Site Conditions

• (1/1) Sensitive Land Protection

• On previously developed Land

Walkability

• (5/5) Surrounding Density +

Diverse Uses

• Refer to analysis

Transportation

• (1/1) Bicycle Facilities

• Bike lanes present along Allyn Street

GSA requirement

Sustainable Sites

The following points address LEED Sustainable Sites for the Allyn Site approach:

• General Contractor to implement construction pollution prevent plan

• Project team will evaluate sustainable options and inform related decisions about site design

500-year floodplain

• Team to evaluate the feasibility of heat island reduction strategies in design

• Project to meet the P100 requirements for light pollution reduction

Water Efficiency

Outdoor Water Use

• (1/2) Outdoor Water Use

Reduction

• Minimal irrigation likely

Indoor Water Use

• (2/6) Indoor Water Use

Reduction

Water Management

• (0/2) Optimize Process Water

Use

• (1/1) Water Metering

• Track water consumption

Energy & Atmosphere

Building Performance

• (15/18) Optimize Energy

Performance

• (0/1) Enhanced Refrigerant Mgt

Metering & Commissioning

Renewable Energy

Carbon Offsets

Materials & Resources

Materials

• (1/5) Building Life Cycle Impact

Reduction

• Must complete LCA

• (1/2) Environmental Product Declarations

Waste

• (2/2) Construction and

Demolition Waste

Indoor Environmental Quality

Air Quality

• (0/2) Enhanced Indoor Air

Quality Strategies

Quality Assessment

• (2/2) Indoor Air Quality

Assessment

Thermal Comfort

• Limited viewing angles, overshadowed

• (0/1) Acoustic Performance

Innovation/Regional Priority

Building Performance

• (3/5) Innovation Credits

LEED Professional

• (1/1)LEED Accredited

Professional

Regional Priority (zip 06103)

Performance

Quality

13/16 Points 4/11 Points 5/13 Points 6/16 Points 8/10 Points

The Allyn site is adjacent to amenities and existing infrastructure that the new building can use. Access to multiple public, green, open spaces is within a reasonable walking distance.

LEED Gold CertificationSITES Silver Certification

20/33 Points

Part 2: Site Analysis Sustainability

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Location & Transportation

Site Conditions

• (1/1) Sensitive Land Protection

• On previously developed Land

Walkability

• (1/5) Surrounding Density +

Diverse Uses

• Refer to analysis

Transportation

• (1/1) Bicycle Facilities

• Bike lanes present along Woodland Street

GSA requirement

Water Efficiency

Outdoor Water Use

• (1/2) Outdoor Water Use

Reduction

• Minimal irrigation likely

Indoor Water Use

• (1/6) Indoor Water Use

Reduction

Water Management

• (0/2) Optimize Process Water

Use

• (1/1) Water Metering

• Track water consumption

Energy & Atmosphere

Building Performance

• (15/18) Optimize Energy

Performance

• (0/1) Enhanced Refrigerant Mgt

Metering & Commissioning

Renewable Energy

Carbon Offsets

Materials & Resources

Materials

• (1/5) Building Life Cycle Impact

Reduction

• Must complete LCA

• (1/2) Environmental Product Declarations

Waste

• (2/2) Construction and

Demolition Waste

Indoor Environmental Quality

Air Quality

• (0/2) Enhanced Indoor Air

Quality Strategies

Quality Assessment

• (2/2) Indoor Air Quality

Assessment

Thermal Comfort

Innovation/Regional Priority

Building Performance

• (3/5) Innovation Credits

LEED Professional

• (1/1)LEED Accredited

Professional

Regional Priority (zip 06103)

Performance

Quality

LEED Gold CertificationSITES Silver CertificationThe Woodland site is considered to be a vulnerable location, despite being located in an area with more green/open space.

The site is located within a flood zone, which ultimately will result in more costly and complicated building design despite the building not being built on the floodplain.

Sustainable Sites

The following points address LEED Sustainable Sites for the Woodland Site approach:

• General Contractor to implement construction pollution prevent plan

• Project team will evaluate sustainable options and inform related decisions about site design

• Limited space to restore habitat

• Greater availability of open/ green space

• Located above the 100- and 500-year floodplain

• Team to evaluate the feasibility of heat island reduction strategies in design

• Project to meet the P100 requirements for light pollution reduction

6/16 Points 22/33 Points3/11 Points 5/13 Points 6/16 Points 5/10 Points

Part 2: Site Analysis Sustainability

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The Allyn site is situated in a downtown neighborhood on a compact site. There are several benefits to more urban projects such as accessibility to major utilities;

however, there are also several disadvantages such as less flexibility in form.

Building energy models have been constructed to examine the differential effects of building form and orientation on energy efficiency, Energy Use Intensity (EUI), and daylight accessibility. The models use a commonly assumed all-electric central plant option and envelope glazing and insulation assumptions.

These models have been used to establish preliminary equipment sizes to generate test fits of the main roof mounted equipment for each building form.

SYSTEMS

61 Woodland Street:

The Woodland site is situated in a semi-suburban neighborhood on a site comprising a mix of developed, landscape and wooded areas. There are benefits to large sites such as this, including flexibility of building siting and form; however, there are possible disadvantages related to access to required major utility infrastructure.

Curtain wall system at the Los Angeles Federal Courthouse.

Part 2: Site Analysis Systems

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Pros:

• Building orientation can be optimized for solar loading and daylight optimization.

Cons:

• A more compact site will limit the roof area for HVAC heat rejection equipment (air source heat pumps, cooling towers, etc.), which may restrict system options and performance.

• The building roof space will be predominantly filled with equipment leaving little space for the installation of optimal placement for building mounted renewables.

• A limited site area leaves little space for site mounted renewables.

• The air quality in an urban setting is compromised by surrounding street traffic and freeways.

61 Woodland Street:

Pros:

• A flexible site allows building orientation to be optimized for solar loading and daylight optimization resulting in lower

EUI.

• The potential for a larger roof footprint allows space for roof mounted equipment and renewables.

• A larger available site area can accommodate site mounted renewables.

• A larger site and soil conditions provide options for the use of building integrated and site integrated geothermal energy use.

Cons:

• Possible restriction of major utility access requiring upgrades beyond the site boundary; this remains to be confirmed.

• The impacts of the building MEP scale on the neighbors may be negative.

Solar Study Site North - March 3pm

Solar Study True North - March 3pm EUI Capacity Table

Square Massing Mechanical Roof Plan (NTS) -- Major Equipment

Solar Study Site North - March 3pm

Solar Study True North - March 3pmEUI Capacity Table

Square Massing Mechanical Roof Plan (NTS) -- Major Equipment

Part 2: Site Analysis Systems

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Michael Maltzan Architecture, Inc. | SLAM Collaborative General Services Administration52 / 53 / heat island effects of the site. The design will also need to take wind tunnel effects into consideration. Plants will be chosen based on species native to the region to ensure that average rainfall can support their growth.

Vegetation Existing vegetation on the site is largely limited to the trees, lawn, and small shrubs at the perimeter of the parking lot. There are also several small trees in the central parking island. Most trees on the site are deciduous locust trees, with the exception of three (3) large evergreen pines on the northern edge of the site.

Trees along adjacent sidewalks will be surveyed and appraised for their suitability for preservation. Future landscape design should increase biodiversity and the volume of plant material on site.

Soils It is likely that site soils have been contaminated through previous developments and will require amendment or import of new soils to support new plantings. Further soil exploration is recommended to understand the existing soil conditions and the need for new soils to support plant growth.

180 Allyn Street:

Topography The site has an overall grade change of sixteen feet, transitioning from thirty-five feet in elevation at the southeast corner of the site, to fifty-one feet in elevation at the northwest corner of the site. The current parking lot has a maximum slope of 4.8%. The northwest corner of the site currently has a concrete stair to address the steepest slope on the site.

Hydrology The site is not in a flood hazard zone.

However, the southeast corner of the site was inundated by the 1936 Connecticut River Flood, a 500-year flood event. Current drainage patterns drain stormwater to the southeast corner of the site where stormwater is intercepted by existing drainage structures along the property…