TO 42B1-1-1.pdf

TO 42B1-1-1

TECHNICAL MANUAL

FUELS FOR USAF

PISTON AND TURBINE SUPPORT EQUIPMENT

AND

ADMINISTRATIVE VEHICLES

(ATOS)

F41608-80-D-A006

F41608-87-D-A288

Prepared By: TRI-COR Industries, Inc.

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Requests for this document must be referred to HQ AFPET/AFTT, 2430 C Street, Bldg 70, Area B, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7632. PA Case Number AFMC 04-409. Submit recommended changes or problems with this Technical Order to HQ AFPET/AFTT.

Published Under Authority of the Secretary of the Air Force

14 JULY 2006 CHANGE 1 - 22 DECEMBER 2006

INSERT LATEST CHANGED PAGES. DESTROY SUPERSEDED PAGES.

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

NOTE: The portion of the text affected by the changes is indicated by a vertical line in the outer margins of the page. Changes to illustrations are indicated by miniature pointing hands.

Changes to wiring diagrams are indicated by shaded areas.

Dates of issue for original and changed pages are:

Original . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 July 2006 Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . 22 December 2006

TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES IN THIS MANUAL IS 20, CONSISTING OF THE FOLLOWING:

Page *Change Page *Change Page *Change No. No. No. No. No. No.

Title A i - iii iv Blank 1-1 - 1-2 1-3 - 1-4 1-4.1 Added 1-4.2 Blank 1-5 - 1-8 2-1 - 2-3 2-4 Blank

*Zero in this column indicates an original page

A Change 1 USAF

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Page Chapter Page

LIST OF TABLES.......................................................ii 1.2 Fuels for Support Equipment and Vehicles with Other Engine Types ......................................................1-5

INTRODUCTION.......................................................iii 1.2.1 Flexible Fuel Vehicles................................1-5

1.3 Fuels For Gas Turbine-Powered

Support Equipment ................................1-6 1 FUEL REQUIREMENTS.........................................1-1 1.3.1 Gas Turbine Engines ..................................1-6

1.1 Fuels for Gasoline and Diesel 2 FUEL PREFERENCE ..............................................2-1 Engine Support Equipment and Vehicles...........................................1-1 2.1 Fuel Preference ...........................................2-1

1.1.1 Spark-Ignition Engines ...............................1-1

1.1.2 Automotive Diesel and Compres-

sion-Ignition Engines.............................1-2

Change 1 i

LIST OF TABLES

Number Title Page Number Title Page

1-1 Summary of DFAMS Product Codes for 1-7 Physical Properties of Marine Diesel Fu- MOGAS .................................................... 1-1 el, MIL-PRF-16884 (NATO/ASIC

1-2 Summary of DFAMS Product Codes for Symbol F76) ............................................. 1-5 Gasohol ..................................................... 1-2 1-8 Summary of DFAMS Product Codes for

1-3 Summary of DFAMS Product Codes for E85 Ethanol/Gasoline Blend .................... 1-5 AVGAS ..................................................... 1-2 1-9 Approved APC Ground Use Limits for

1-4 Physical Characteristics of Diesel Fuel ....... 1-3 TS1 ............................................................ 1-6 1-5 Summary of DFAMS Product Codes for 1-10 Summary of DFAMS Product Codes for

Diesel Fuel ................................................ 1-3 TS1 ............................................................ 1-7 1-6 Summary of DFAMS Product Codes for 1-11 Physical Properties of Gas Turbine En-

B20 Biodiesel Blend ................................. 1-3 gine Fuels .................................................. 1-8 2-1 Fuel Preference .............................................. 2-2 ii Change 1

INTRODUCTION

c. Administrative Vehicles (AV) − personnel in1. PURPOSE.

charge of operating Administrative Vehicles are responsible for determining that the correct fuel isThe purpose of this technical manual is to designate the used and assuring that this fuel is serviced to thegrades of fuels to be used in all U.S. Air Force compres-vehicle. If the fuel used is other than the primarysion-ignition (i.e., diesel), spark-ignition (i.e., gasoline), fuel, responsibility will extend to assuring thatand turbine engine-powered support equipment and admin-mechanical and operating adjustments are made asistrative vehicles. Equipment manuals should be consulted necessary in accordance with procedures pre-for additional information regarding specific fuel require-scribed in equipment manuals.ments and fuel substitutions. In the event of any conflicts between this manual and the equipment manuals, contact

4. DEFINITIONS.HQ AFPET/AFTT, 2430 C St, Bldg 70, Area B, Wright-

Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7632, DSN 785-8050.

a. Primary Fuel − the fuel or fuels used during tests to demonstrate system performance (contract2. SCOPE.

compliance).

This manual will reference the specifications used to iden-

b. Alternate Fuel − a fuel that can be used in place oftify the various types and grades of fuel. Acceptable fuel the primary fuel with a possible loss of efficiency.substitutions are presented as Alternate and Emergency fuel Engine adjustments may be necessary. The use ofselections.

an alternate fuel may result in a change of mainte-nance or overhaul cost.

3. RESPONSIBILITIES.

c. Emergency Fuel − a fuel that can be used when the

a. The Weapon Systems Support Branch HQ primary and alternate fuels are not available. This AFPET/AFTT, is responsible for maintaining this fuel is not for use on a continuing basis, but is to be document. Where provisions of this TO conflict employed only when the primary and/or alternate with provisions contained in fuel and equipment fuels are unobtainable and operation is mission manuals, the provisions in this TO will take prece- essential.

dence except as noted in this manual. Conditions or circumstances that prevent conformance to this 5. REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS.

technical order and cannot be resolved locally shall be reported. TO 00-5-1 outlines procedures for The user should be aware that U.S. military specifications, recommending changes to technical orders. including Commercial Item Descriptions (CID), standards, and specifications (including performance and detail), canb. Support Equipment (SE) − personnel in charge of be obtained electronically from the ASSIST QuickSearchoperating/maintaining Support Equipment are website (URL: http://assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/).responsible for determining that the correct fuel is ASTM documents are not available through ASSISTused and assuring that this fuel is serviced to the QuickSearch but can be purchased through the ATM Inter-equipment. If the fuel used is other than the pri-national website (URL: http://www.astm.org) or anmary fuel, responsibility will extend to assuring approved subscription service for specifications.that mechanical and operating adjustments are made as necessary in accordance with procedures prescribed in equipment manuals.

Change 1 iii/(iv blank) http://assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/ http://www.astm.org

CHAPTER 1

FUEL REQUIREMENTS

c. Premium grade (DFAMS product code MUP) is au-1.1 FUELS FOR GASOLINE AND DIESEL ENGINE thorized only when recommended by the engine man-

SUPPORT EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLES. ufacturer or specified by this manual. Premium grades of gasoline have an AKI of 91.

1.1.1 Spark-Ignition Engines. Fuels for equipment

d. Leaded gasoline is intended for most vehicles thatpowered by spark-ignition (i.e., gasoline) engines are iden-were designed to operate on leaded fuel. The DFAMStified by the following specifications.

Product Codes for leaded gasoline are MGR (AKI 86)

1.1.1.1 Motor Gasoline (MOGAS). Specification and MGP (AKI 91).

ASTM D4814 covers requirements for motor gasoline for

e. Reformulated Gasoline (RFG) is a Federally-mandateduse in all automotive vehicles and support equipment unleaded gasoline that is specially processed andspark-ignition engines. The grades are:

blended to reduce toxic emissions including hydrocar-bons, nitrogen oxides, benzene, total aromatics, anda. Regular grade (Defense Full Automated Management Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in addition toSystem (DFAMS) product code MUR) will be used in evaporative VOC emissions. When compared to typi-all spark-ignition engines designated to operate on cal gasoline, RFG reduces hydrocarbon emissions bygasoline with this antiknock quality or when required at least 15%, according to EPA estimates. RFG is theby equipment manufacturer’s recommendations. This only gasoline which may be sold after January 1,grade may be required in 1971 or earlier model vehi- 1995, in selected metropolitan areas that are classifiedcles that have antiknock requirements which exceed as ozone non-attainment areas. RFG is required tothose of special grade. Regular grades of gasoline contain an average of 2.1% oxygen by weight. Oxy-have an Antiknock Index (AKI) of 87.

genates (that is, organic combustible liquids contain-

b. Midgrade (DFAMS product code MUM) is an unlead- ing oxygen) that can be added to gasoline to achieve ed gasoline that satisfies vehicles with somewhat the required oxygen content in RFG includes ethanol.

higher antiknock requirements than regular grade gas-

See Table 1-1 for a summary of the Defense Fuel Auto-oline. Midgrade gasoline’s have an AKI of 89.

mated Management System (DFAMS) Product Codes for

MOGAS.

Table 1-1. Summary of DFAMS Product Codes for MOGAS

Unleaded MOGAS Leaded MOGAS Regular AKI 87 (AKI 86 for leaded) MUR MGR NSN (Bulk) 9130-00-148-7103 9130-00-264-6218

Midgrade AKI 89 MUM —NSN (Bulk) 9130-01-272-0983

Premium AKI 91 MUP MGP NSN (Bulk) 9130-00-148-7104 9130-00-264-4538

Reformulated AKI 87 MRR —NSN (Bulk) 9130-01-388-4080

Reformulated AKI 89 MMR —NSN (Bulk) 9130-01-388-4513

Reformulated AKI 91 MPR —NSN (Bulk) 9130-01-388-4524

1-1

Table 1-2. Summary of DFAMS Product Codes for Gasohol

Product Codes for Gasohol Regular AKI 87 GUR NSN (Bulk) 9130-01-090-1093

Midgrade AKI 89 GUM NSN (Bulk) 9130-01-355-2393

Premium AKI 91 GUP NSN (Bulk) 9130-01-090-1094

Table 1-3. Summary of DFAMS Product Codes for AVGAS

Specification and Grade ASTM D 910, Grade 100LL

Color Blue

DFAMS Product Code 130

NSNs

1. 55-gallon, 16-gage drum 9130-00-221-0677

2. 55-gallon, 18-gage drum 9130-00-221-0678

3. Bulk 9130-00-179-1122

1.1.1.2 Gasohol. Gasohol is a homogenous blend of generators. The four diesel fuel grades are low sulfur diesel fuel, Grades 1 and 2 (LS1 and LS2, respectively) and ultra-10% denatured anhydrous ethanol (from agricultural or low sulfur diesel fuel, Grades 1 and 2 (DS1 and DS2,forestry sources) and 90% unleaded gasoline. Gasohol is respectively). These fuels differ in the maximum allowableapproved for use in commercial and administrative vehicles sulfur content. Low sulfur diesel fuels, LS1 and LS2, canequipped with lower compression ratio spark-ignition have up to either 0.05% weight or 500 parts per millionengines designed to operate on unleaded gasoline. Specifi- (ppm) sulfur whereas ultra-low sulfur fuels, DS1 and DS2,cation A-A-52530 outlines the requirements and uses of can have up to either 0.0015% weight or 15 ppm sulfur.gasohol for use in spark-ignition motor vehicles. There are Low sulfur diesel fuels are referred to as S500 diesel fuelsthree grades for gasohol, all unleaded. The DFAMS Prod- (where ‘‘S’’ corresponds to sulfur and ‘‘500’’ correspondsuct Codes for gasohol are GUR (AKI 87), GUM (AKI 89), to the maximum sulfur concentration in ppm allowance)and GUP (AKI 91). Table 1-2 is a summary of DFAMS whereas ultra-low sulfur diesel fuels are referred to as S15Product Codes for gasohol.

diesel fuels (where ‘‘15’’ corresponds to the maximum

1.1.1.3 Aviation Gasoline (AVGAS). One grade of sulfur concentration in ppm allowance).

commercial AVGAS, ASTM D 910, Grade 100 Low Lead

1.1.2.1.2 Commercial Item Description(LL), is intended for use in aircraft reciprocating engines A-A-52557. Commercial Item Description A-A-52557but may be used in support equipment powered by spark-covers the same low sulfur S500 grades as ASTM D 975.ignition engines. ASTM D 910, 100LL is dyed blue for The DFAMS Product Codes for the low sulfur S500 dieselidentification. The color identifies the difference for those fuel grades covered by A-A-52557 are DL1 (for Grade 1)engines that have a low tolerance to lead. Table 1-3 is a and DL2 (for Grade 2). The primary difference betweensummary of DFAMS Product Codes for AVGAS.

both specifications is that A-A-52557 has a particulate

1.1.2 Automotive Diesel and Compression-Ignition content requirement (10 mg/L maximum when tested as per Engines. Fuels for vehicles and equipment powered by ASTM D 6217 gravimetric filtration (similar to the bottle filtration method)) while ASTM D 975 does not. Theseautomotive diesel and compression-ignition engines are fuels are acceptable under all climatic conditions. Theidentified by the following specifications.

physical characteristics and other pertinent data for diesel

1.1.2.1 Diesel Fuel. fuel are provided in Table 1-4. The temperature spans for diesel fuel are given in TO 42B-1-1 (Quality Control of

1.1.2.1.1 Specification ASTM D 975. Specification Fuels and Lubricants), Table 6-2 (10th Percentile Minimum Temperatures, °F). Table 1-5 is a summary of the DFAMSASTM D 975 covers four grades of diesel fuel for use in Product Codes for diesel fuel.automotive diesel and/or compression-ignition engines and gas turbine engines utilized in mobile electrical power

1-2

Table 1-4. Physical Characteristics of Diesel Fuel

Requirements

Grade 2Properties Grade 1

CONUS OCONUS 1

Cetane Number, min 40 40 49

Flash Point, °C (°F), min 38 (100) 52 (126) 56 (133)

Cloud Point (Operating Temperature Range), 2 2 −10 (14)°C (°F), max

CFPP, °C (°F), max N/A N/A −20 (−4)

Kinematic Viscosity, mm2/s, 40°C (104°F) 3 1.3 to 2.4 1.9 to 4.1 1.50 to 4.50

Sulfur, Mass Percent (ppm), max See Table 1-5 See Table 1-5 0.0050 (50)

Lubricity (HFRR) 4, wear scar diameter in µm, 520 520 460max 1 NATO Code F54 diesel fuel.

2 As specified by Table 6-2 (10th Percentile Minimum Temperatures, °F) in TO 42B-1-1.

3 The unit for kinematic viscosity, millimeters squared per second (mm2/s), is equivalent to the old unit centistokes

(cSt).

4 HFRR, the test method to measure lubricity, stands for High Frequency Reciprocating Rig Test and it is defined by

ASTM D 6079.

Table 1-5. Summary of DFAMS Product Codes for Diesel Fuel

Diesel Fuel Diesel Fuel with up to with up to

500 ppm Sulfur 15 ppm Sulfur (S500) (S15)

Specification Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 1 Grade 2

ASTM D 975 LS1 LS2 DS1 DS2

NSN (Bulk) 9140-01-398-1130 9140-01-398-0697 9140-01-524-5174 9140-01-524-0139

A-A-52557 DL1 DL2 — — NSN (Bulk) 9140-00-000-0185 9140-00-000-0184

Table 1-6. Summary of DFAMS Product Codes for B20 Biodiesel Blend

Specification A-A-59693

DFAMS Product Code BDI

NSN (Bulk) 9140-01-470-4520

Change 1 1-3

1.1.2.2 B20 Biodiesel Blend. B20 is a fuel blend con- (1) B20 may be used in deployable assets. Prior to deployment, however, all B20 will be drainedsisting of 20-volume percent biodiesel and 80-volume from the vehicle/equipment and all fuel filterspercent diesel fuel (Grades DL1/DL2 or LS1/DS1/ will be changed.LS2/DS2) that can be used in lieu of diesel fuel in compres-sion-ignition engines. Specification A-A-59693 covers B20

(2) B20 may be used in emergency vehi-requirements. As per the 1998 Energy Conservation and cles/equipment (such as ambulances, fire trucks,Reauthorization Act (ECRA), the use of B20 is allowed to etc.) where the vehicles are used on a consistentmeet up to 50% of the requirements of the Energy Policy basis and use a full tank of fuel on at least aAct (EPAct) of 1992. One energy credit can be obtained by monthly basis. The user/operator must be con-the use of 2,250 gallons of B20 in diesel vehicles weighing scious of the potential cold weather operabilitymore than 8,500 pounds. B20 can also be used to meet the and storage stability problems of B20 and thus20-volume percent petroleum fuels reduction requirement keep emergency vehicles/equipment always inin Executive Order 13149 (Greening the Government operation.through Federal Fleet and Transportation Efficiency). B20 properties are similar to those of Grade 2 diesel fuel (either (3) B20 may be used in seasonal equipment (such DL1/DL2 or LS1/DS1/LS2/DS2). In cold weather, B20 can as snow removal equipment) during the operat-be purchased using the same 10th Percentile Minimum ing season only. The user / operator should take Temperature Figures in ASTM D 975, Appendix X4 (see extra precaution with water removal and filter also TO 42B-1-1, Chapter 6). The following guidance is change outs. Recommend all B20 be drained provided for areas/bases that currently use B20 or will be from seasonal equipment and fuel filters be using B20 in the future. changed at the end of the operating season and filled with the appropriate diesel fuel until starta. B20 may clean a vehicle/equipment fueling system up of the next operating season.of existing deposits. Vehicle/equipment mainte-nance should be prepared to change fuel filters (4) It is not recommended to use B20 in:

more frequently upon initial use (dependent on the condition of the vehicle/equipment fuel tank when 1. Aerospace Ground Equipment (AGE).

the B20 was introduced). Vehicle/equipment fuel Since AGE may not typically consume tanks should be inspected, drained, and/or cleaned the complete B20 tank contents within in accordance with (IAW) vehicle/equipment Tech- six months, it is not recommended to nical Order (TO) as necessary, prior to using B20. use B20 in AGE. However, B20 may be used in AGE provided the B20 fuel NOTE can be completely consumed within six months. If doubt exists that the product All vehicles using B20 should be allowed to can be fully consumed within 6 months, run nearly empty before they are refilled. This B20 is not recommended for AGE use.

will aid in allowing the majority of the B20 to

2. Standby Generators (as per Air Forcebe used before it is allowed to settle and cloud Instruction (AFI) 32-1062)up in the tank. This procedure shall be used for the service station storage tank as well.

d. Whenever there is a suspected vehicle or equip-ment fuel tank contamination problem when usingb. Air Force recommended use of B20 biodiesel blend B20, a one-gallon sample from the vehicle or itemis limited to replacement use of diesel fuel in diesel of equipment and a one-gallon sample from thevehicles and equipment. Users/Operators are bottom of the service station tank where the vehicleresponsible to ensure B20 is regularly turned over or item of equipment received B20 fuel, shall bein fuel tanks completely and not used in equipment forwarded to the Wright-Patterson Aerospace Fuelsor vehicles that are used as backups or spares. B20 Laboratory immediately for analysis. A failurein vehicles, equipment, and storage tanks must be report must also be reported to VEMSOused within six months from the delivery date to via the HAF AFELM/VEMSO website,the installation. Vehicles and equipment that will https://www.vemso.hq.af.mil/Vehicles/B20/B20.cfm.not consume the complete B20 contents from indi- See Table 1-6 for the DFAMS Product Code andvidual vehicle tanks within six months from the NSN for B20.delivery date shall either use a DL1/DL2 or

LS1/DS1/LS2/DS2 diesel fuel instead. B20 shall

1.1.2.3 Marine Diesel Fuel. Specification MIL-PRF-not be provided for power production equipment 16884 (product code F76) describes one grade of marinesince the six-month product turnover period cannot diesel fuel. It should be noted that marine diesel fuel shouldbe guaranteed. The Air Force defines tactical vehi-not be used as direct replacements for automotive dieselcles/equipment as deployable assets.

fuel (either ASTM D 975 or A-A-52557) as it is a heavier

c. Guidance on use of B20 in vehicles/equipment.

1-4 Change 1 https://www.vemso.hq.af.mil/Vehicles/B20/B20.cfm fuel cut with higher acid number and sulfur content allow- fuel, and emulsifier additive (less than 1 mass percent). The ance. F76 is thus not recommended for use as replacement driving force behind the use of ethanol/diesel blends is to ASTM D 975 (or A-A-52557) diesel fuel unless abso- environmental (specifically emissions reduction). At pre-lutely necessary. Fuel property requirements are provided sent, ethanol/diesel blends are neither registered with the in Table 1-7. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for on-road use nor designated as EPAct alternative fuels by Depart-

1.1.2.4 Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol)/Diesel Fuel ment of Energy (DOE). Ethanol/diesel blends can be used Blends. In recent years, ethanol/diesel blends, also either for off-road use or for vehicle/equipment demonstra-tions where data is being gathered. Thus, ethanol/dieselknown as either oxygenated diesel, diesohol, or e-diesel, blends are currently not approved for Air Force use (neitherhave gained visibility as potential alternative fuels for for U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) use).compression-ignition engines. Ethanol/diesel blends typi-cally consist of ethanol (less than 10 mass percent), diesel

Change 1 1-4.1/(1-4.2 blank) alcohol, it is NOT RECOMMENDED FOR USE in con-1.2 FUELS FOR SUPPORT EQUIPMENT AND ventional gasoline spark-ignition engines, as there will be

VEHICLES WITH OTHER ENGINE TYPES. material compatibility problems with the alcohol. Instead, E85 can be used in flexible fuel vehicles that can use either

1.2.1 Flexible Fuel Vehicles. Flexible Fuel Vehicles E85 or gasoline as primary fuel. As for the E85 handling, it (FFVs) have modified spark-ignition engines that can run should be handled like gasoline and care must be taken to on either motor gasoline or E85 fuel. keep water out as E85 cannot tolerate more than one percent by volume of water before alcohol separation

1.2.1.1 E85. E85 is a fuel blend nominally consisting of occurs. For any additional guidance, contact HQ 70- to 85-volume percent denatured ethanol and the rest AFPET/AFTT, Wright-Patterson AFB OH, DSN 785-8070.

gasoline. As per Specification ASTM D 5798, Standard See Table 1-8 for the DFAMS Product Code and NSN for Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive E85.

Spark-Ignition Engines, there are three E85 vapor pressure

1.2.1.2 Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) andclasses. The vapor pressure classes are, Class 1 (alcohol volume is 79-volume percent minimum), Class 2 (alcohol Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). CNG and LNG are alter-volume is 74-volume percent minimum), and Class 3 native fuels that can only be used in natural gas vehicles (alcohol volume is 70-volume percent minimum). The and dual-fuel (gasoline and CNG/LNG) vehicles. See Spec-vapor pressure class of E85 fuel to be used depends upon ification ASTM D 1835 (Standard Specification for Lique-geographical location and time of the year when the fuel is fied Petroleum (LP) Gases) for those products commonly to be used. Refer to table in Appendix A of Handbook for referred to as liquefied petroleum gases. The four basic Handling, Storing, and Dispensing E85 available from the types of liquefied petroleum gases that are approved for use U.S. DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and the most common used applications are covered in the (EERE) website (http://www.eere.energy.gov/). The hand- specification. Additional information on alternative fuels book summarizes each E85 class to be used per location and alternative fuel vehicles (including natural gas vehi-and per month. E85 has been designated as EPAct alterna- cles) can be found at the DOE EERE Alternative Fuels tive fuel by DOE and can be used to meet the 20-volume Data Center (AFDC) webpage (current webpage URL is percent petroleum fuels reduction requirement in Executive http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/).

Order 13149. As E85 contains a very high volume of

Table 1-7. Physical Properties of Marine Diesel Fuel, MIL-PRF-16884 (NATO/ASIC Symbol F76)

Properties Requirements Cetane Number, min 42

Cloud Point, °C (°F), max −1.0 (30)

Pour Point, °C (°F), max −6.0 (20)

Flash Point, °C (°F), min 60 (140)

Viscosity, mm2/s at 40°C (104°F) 1.7 to 4.3

Sulfur, Mass Percent, max 1.0

Acid Number, mg KOH/g, max 1.0

Table 1-8. Summary of DFAMS Product Codes for E85 Ethanol/Gasoline Blend

Specification ASTM D 5798

DFAMS Product Code E85

NSN (Bulk) 9130-01-470-2024

Change 1 1-5 http://www.eere.energy.gov/ http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/

Table 1-11. For ground purposes, only TS1 addi-1.3 FUELS FOR GAS TURBINE-POWERED tized with DoD approved fuel additives is approved

SUPPORT EQUIPMENT. for use. Of the three DoD approved fuel additives, the most important one for TS1 is MIL-PRF-25017

1.3.1 Gas Turbine Engines. Fuels for equipment pow- Corrosion Inhibitor/Lubricity Improver (CI) addi-ered by gas turbine engines are identified by the following tive because of the inherent low kinematic viscos-specifications. ity and low lubricity of TS1. It is recommended that TS1 be additized with 250 parts per million CI.

1.3.1.1 Military Turbine Fuels. Three specifications The user must keep in mind that most diesel Fuel cover the requirements for military turbine fuels. Injection Equipment (FIE) and Original Equipment

Manufacturers (OEM) do not recommend using a

a. Specification MIL-DTL-83133 covers the require- ground fuel in diesel engines having a kinematic ments for Grade JP-8, the primary fuel for most viscosity below 1.3 mm2/s, a flash point below USAF turbine engine operated equipment and a 38°C (100°F), and cetane quality below 40. In high kerosene fuel. ambient temperatures, using a ground fuel with a flash point below 38°C (100°F) can cause safety

b. Specification MIL-DTL-5624 covers the require- problems. As per DESC Instruction DESC-I-11, ments for two grades of turbine fuel. Grade JP-4 is Standard Operating Procedures for Defense Work-a low flash point, wide-cut type fuel. Grade JP-5 is ing Capitol Fund (DWCF) Owned Fuel at Defense a high flash point, kerosene-type fuel. Fuel Supply Points in Afghanistan.

NOTE (1) TS1 is a Russian aviation specification product.

Russian additives are not approved for use in

Some of the typical TS1 fuel properties do not US aircraft and equipment. DESC procured TS1 meet the fuel requirements for JP-8. The non- is procured as NEAT (containing no additives).

conforming requirements include flash point DFSPs shall inject US F-34 (i.e., JP-8) specifi- (minimum 28°C (82°F) requirement vs 38°C cation additives creating TS1 additized product.

(100°F) for JP-8) and fuel kinematic viscosity

(2) US Army Petroleum Center (APC) has author-(it is expected that TS1 would have a fuel ized the use of TS1 with additives (CI, FSII,kinematic viscosity and fuel lubricity lower SDA) for ground use if the TS1 meets thethan that for JP-8).

additional use limits that are identified below.

c. Specification GOST 10227 covers the requirements TS1 use limit testing is required for all batches for TS1, a kerosene fuel found primarily in Russia of product considered for ground use. The and neighboring countries such as Afghanistan. approved APC ground use limits for TS1 are Use limits for TS1 used as ground fuel are pro- shown in Table 1-9.

vided in Table 1-9. For reference purposes, specifi-cation requirements for TS1 are provided in

Table 1-9. Approved APC Ground Use Limits for TS1

Tests Ground Use Limits Flash Point, Degrees C 32 min

Kinematic Viscosity, mm2/s at 40°C 1 1.0 (minimum)

4.1 (maximum) 1 Extrapolation of GOST 10227 kinematic viscosity data points at -40°C and +20°C, shall be used to determine the kinematic viscosity value at +40°C. The kinematic viscosity +40°C value must fall within the APC ground limits above to be acceptable for ground use.

1-6 Change 1

(3) TS1 Regrades: Additized TS1 meeting MIL- will remain additized TS1. The additized TS1 DTL-83133 (JP-8) specification can be regraded may be issued for aviation use providing it and issued for all JP-8 applications. A regrade meets the minimum use limits for TS1 aviation transaction will be documented on a DD form fuel. Additionally, the additized TS1 can be 1348-8 and will be annotated with the document issued for ground fuel use as well if it meets the number assigned by the FES and the amount requirements outlined in Step (2) above. The regraded. The Responsible officer will sign the DFAMS product code and NSN for TS1 is in DD Form 1348-8 verifying the date and quan- Table 1-10. The specification requirements for tity. The DD Form 1348-8 will be retained on vapor pressure, viscosity, freezing point and file for the current fiscal year plus two previous flash point of JP-4, JP-5, JP-8, and TS1 are fiscal years. If the additized TS1 does not meet provided in Table 1-11.

the MIL-DTL-83133 specification for JP-8, it

Table 1-10. Summary of DFAMS Product Codes for TS1

Specification GOST 10227

DFAMS Product Code TS1

NSN (Bulk) 9130-01-491-2201

1.3.1.2 Commercial Turbine Fuels. Three types of nor JP-4 are recommended for use in compression-ignition (diesel) engines as severe engine damagecommercial turbine fuels can serve as alternate fuels for may occur.military applications. Commercial fuels may not have the recommended FSII, CI, and SDA fuel additives.

NOTE

a. Types Jet A and Jet A-1 are kerosene fuels resem-bling JP-8 and can serve as alternate fuels. When using a fuel other than JP-8, it may be necessary to manually adjust fuel controls of

b. Type Jet B is a mixture of gasoline and kerosene. It turbine engines to avoid exceeding engine is very similar to JP-4 (it may not be additized with operating limits, particularly RPM and FSII, CI, and SDA) and may be employed as an temperature.

emergency fuel for turbine engines. Neither Jet B

Change 1 1-7

1-8 Change 1

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M

IL

-D T

L

A S

T M

D G

O S

T A

S T

M P ro p er ty

M

IL

-D T

L -5

A

S T

M D

D

JP

-4

JP

-5

JP

-8

JE

T A

JE

T

A -1

JE

T

B T

S

0/

0L

L D en si ty kg /L

5° C m in 0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

D en si ty kg

/L

5°

C m ax

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

D en si ty ty pi ca l)

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

kg /L

5° C

D en si ty

Po un ds

/G al lo n, ty pi ca l)

6.

6.

6.

6.

6.

6.

6.

6.

Fl as h Po in t, °C

°F m in

−2

)3

0)

0)

0)

0) −2

)3

−3

)3

V ap or P re ss ur e, p si ra ng e)

2.

3.

2.

3.

5.

7.

Fr ee zi ng

P oi nt

°C

°F m ax

−5

−4

−4

−4

−4

−5

−5

−5

K in em at ic V is co si ty

°C

−4

°F m m

2 / s

8.

8.

8.

8.

−4 0°

C

°F

K in em at ic V is co si ty

0.

1.

1.

1.

1.

0.

1.

°C

2 (

4° F) m m 2 / s

B T

U p er g al m in

)5

5, 0, 9, 9, 9, 5, 3, 9, B T

U p er l b (m in

,4

,3

,4

,4

,4

,4

,4

,7

Fu el

S ys te m

I ci ng I nh ib ito r, w ith

D oD

0.

.1

0.

.1

0.

.1

Pr ef er re d O pt io na l

V ol um e

Pe rc en t

(r an ge ad di tiv e

C or ro si on I nh ib ito r w ith

D oD

Y es

Y es

Y es

Pr ef er re d O pt io na l ad di tiv e

C on du ct iv ity

A dd iti ve pS

/m w ith D oD

N o

Pr ef er re d

N o ad di tiv e

A nt io xi da nt s, m g/ L w he n ne ed ed

.2

.2

.2

O pt io na l

Y es

M et al D ea ct iv at or m g/

L m ax

5.

5.

5.

O pt io na l

N o

(w he n ne ed ed

1 S pe ci fi c gr av ity r eq ui re m en t fo r

T S1 i s at

0° C

°F

2 T yp ic al a ve ra ge f or f ue ls p ro cu re d si nc e i n co nt in en ta l U

SA

3 T yp ic al ly m ea su re d va lu es no s pe ci fi ca tio n re qu ir em en t st at ed

4 T hi s is t he k in em at ic v is co si ty a t

°C

°F sp ec if ic at io n re qu ir em en t fo r T

S1

5 V al ue b as ed o n m in im um f ue l sp ec if ic g ra vi ty f ro m s pe ci fi ca tio n an d re po rt ed t o th re e si gn if ic an t fi gu re s.

6 V al ue b as ed o n ty pi ca l fu el s pe ci fi c gr av ity

7 O nl y th e

U .S

D oD f ue l ad di tiv es

FS

II

C I, a nd

S D

A ar e ap pr ov ed f or u se

CHAPTER 2

FUEL PREFERENCE

with the order of preference being A (B20), B (COMMER-2.1 FUEL PREFERENCE.

CIAL JET A, COMMERCIAL JET A-1, JP-5 OR JP-8), C

(FUEL OIL 1 and 2, DFM, and TS1 (with U.S. DoD fuelThe primary, alternate, and emergency fuels for spark-additives)), and D (JP-4 OR COMMERCIAL JET Bignition, compression-ignition and gas turbine engines are blended as EMERGENCY ONLY).designated in Table 2-1. The alternate or emergency fuels in a given category are listed in order of preference indicated by alphabetical letters. Using DIESEL VEHI- CLES as an example, primary fuels are DIESEL and B20

2-1

2-2

T ab le

-1

F ue l P re fe re nc e

JP

-4

D ie se l

D ie se l

S u p p o rt

S u p p o rt

P o w er

U n le ad ed H ea ti n g

F u el F le x-

N at u ra l D u al

E q u ip

E q u ip

G en er a-

D ie se l

M O

G A

S M

O G

A S

P la n t ib le

G as

F u el F u el m en t m en t ti o n V eh ic le s

V eh ic le s V eh ic le s

B o ile rs

V eh ic le s V eh ic le s

V eh ic le s

JP

-4 o r C om

Pr im ar y

D 1, D

1, D 1, m er ci al J et B

JP

-5

Pr im ar y

B

B

B

A

JP

-8

Pr im ar y

B

B

B

A

T S-

(w ith U

.S

D oD f u-

Pr im ar y

C C

C el a dd iti ve s)

A V

G A

S B le nd ed C

C 1, (1

/1

B le nd

L ea de d

B le nd ed

Pr im ar y

M O

G A

S C

1, U nl ea de d B le nd ed

A 1, 7, Pr im ar y

Pr im ar y

Pr im ar y

M O

G A

S B

1, Fu el

O il

G ra de s

C C

C

Pr im ar y an d

D ie se l

Fu el

M ar in e

B 1, C

A C

A

(D

FM

C om m er ci al

Pr im ar y

B

B

B

A

Je t

A

C om m er ci al

Pr im ar y

B

B

B

A

Je t

A -1

D ie se l

L ow

A 1, Pr im ar y Pr im ar y Pr im ar y

A

Su lf ur

-D

D ie se l

L ow

A 1, Pr im ar y Pr im ar y Pr im ar y

A

Su lf ur

-D

2-3/(2-4 blank)

T ab le

-1

F ue l P re fe re nc e

C on ti nu ed

JP

-4

D ie se l

D ie se l

S u p p o rt

S u p p o rt

P o w er

U n le ad ed H ea ti n g

F u el F le x-

N at u ra l D u al

E q u ip

E q u ip

G en er a-

D ie se l

M O

G A

S M

O G

A S

P la n t ib le

G as

F u el F u el m en t m en t ti o n V eh ic le s

V eh ic le s V eh ic le s

B o ile rs

V eh ic le s V eh ic le s

V eh ic le s G as oh ol B lim it-

Pr im ar y ed

)1

7, B

A

B

A

B

E

Pr im ar y

N at ur al

G as

Pr im ar y

Pr im ar y

(C N

G

L N

G

E

M E

R G

E N

C Y

O N

L Y

B le nd ed w ith

0% D ie se l (D

F-on ly by v ol um e.

A vi at io n Fu el G ra de

J P-

(o r Je t B sh ou ld b e us ed o nl y w he n no o th er f ue ls a re a va ila bl e.

J P-

(o r Je t B an d m ix tu re s of J

P-

(o r

Je t

B an d ot he r fu el s ar e da ng er ou s du e to t he e xt re m el y lo w f la sh p oi nt o f th e

JP

-4 or

J et

B

W he n th is f ue l or f ue l m ix tu re s m us t be u se d in D

A Y

T A

N K

S or o pe ra tin g ta nk s lo ca te d in si de b ui ld in gs o r st ru ct ur es ev er y pr ec au tio n m us t be t ak en t o pr ot ec t th e pr od uc t fr om a ny ig ni tio n so ur ce

B as e

G ro un d

Sa fe ty P er so nn el m us t be c on su lte d pr io r to i m pl em en tin g us e of J

P-in d ie se l en gi ne s.

T an ks c on ta in in g th is m ix tu re s ho ul d be t em po ra ri ly m ar ke d:

B

L E

N D

E D

F U

E L

I N

U

SE

D

A N

G E

R

So m e un its p ow er ed b y di es el f ue ls a re a ut ho ri ze d to o pe ra te o n

JP

-5 /J

P-as a p ri m ar y or a lte rn at e fu el

R ef er t o th e ap pl ic ab le e qu ip m en t m an ua l fo r in st ru ct io ns

B le nd in g an d bu rn in g al te rn at e fu el s w ith c on ve nt io na l bo ile r fu el m us t be c oo rd in at ed w ith c iv il en gi ne er in g at c om m an d le ve l.

Fo r de ta ile d en gi ne er in g da ta o n bl en di ng co nt ac t A

FC

E

SA

/C

E

SM

B ar ne s D ri ve

Su ite

T yn da ll A

FB

FL

-5

9;

C

O M

M

(8

3-

D

SN

3-

B le nd ed

0/ w ith

J P-

4.

U nd er n o ci rc um st an ce s sh ou ld t hi s bl en d be p re m ix ed a nd s to re d.

E qu ip m en t ut ili zi ng t hi s bl en d sh ou ld b e ta gg ed

B

L E

N D

E D

FU

E

L I

N U

SE

A

V G

A S

(1

/1 o nl

y) f or u se a s M

O G

A S m us t be b le nd ed

0/ w ith M

O G

A S.

T hi s m ix tu re s ho ul d be u se d on ly i n ex tr em e em er ge nc ie s w he n no o th er ty pe o f

M O

G A

S is a va ila bl e an d re qu ir em en t is m is si on e ss en tia l.

Fu el s ac ce pt ab le f or u se a s an a lte rn at e fu el u nt il th e pr im ar y fu el i s av ai la bl e, u nl es s sp ec if ic al ly d en ie d by t he a pp lic ab le T ec hn ic al

O rd er

E xt en de d us e in v eh ic le s no t sp ec if ic al ly d es ig ne d fo r un le ad ed f ue l w ill r es ul t in r ap id v al ve w ea r.

C on su lt ap pl ic ab le e qu ip m en t T ec hn ic al

O rd er

So m e m ob ile e le ct ri c po w er u ni ts a re a ut ho ri ze d to o pe ra te o n di es el f ue ls a s an a lte rn at e fu el

R ef er t o th e ap pl ic ab le e qu ip m en t m an ua l fo r cl ar if ic at io n.

C on ta ct t he a pp lic ab le

A

FM

C t ec hn ic al o ff ic e if f ur th er c la ri fi ca tio n is r eq ui re d.