TN NP GRSM 21(1) Pavement Report Addendum.pdf

PAVEMENT REPORT NUMBER FY22-02

Project NP-GRSM 21(1)

Rehabilitation of Cosby Entrance Road and Cosby Picnic Area Road Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Cocke County, Tennessee

Pavement Design Recommendations for Cosby Entrance Road and Cosby Picnic Area Road

September 2022

U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration

Eastern Federal Lands Highway Division 22001 Loudoun County Parkway

Building E-2, Suite 200 Ashburn, Virginia 20147

Mohammed.Elias Text Box Revised February 2024 kenneth.nguyen Sticky Note Accepted set by kenneth.nguyen

Page 1 of 4 Pages

Form FHWA-201 (Rev. 11-67)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION

Use this form in lieu of transmittal slips within Dept. of Trans. When message comment is to be retained as file material. Do not prepare carbons. Not to be used in lieu of Form FHWA-121 for informal correspondence. MINUTE-MEMO

SUBJECT: Project NP-GRSM 21(1) – Revised Pavement Recommendations

TO MESSAGE/COMMENT FROM/DATE

K.

Roman Project Manager

And:

A.

Feleke Highway Design Manager

This memorandum serves as an addendum to the Final Pavement Report Number FY22-02 dated September 14, 2022, and amends the pavement recommendations included in that report for project NP GRSM 21(1). The revisions to the pavement rehabilitation recommendations are based on National Park Service (NPS) input. The project TN NP GRSM 21(1) calls for the rehabilitation of multiple roads and parking areas within the Cosby Campground in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park located in Cocke County, Tennessee.

Project TN NP GRSM 21(1) consists of the rehabilitation of the following routes:

Cosby Entrance Road (GRSM-0021) is a 2.26 mile, 2-lane, 2-way, asphalt concrete (AC) roadway which begins at the intersection with Tennessee State Highway 32 at the Park boundary and loops around the Cosby Campground office before ending at the picnic area.

Cosby Picnic Area Road (GRSM-0207) is a 0.15 mile, 2-lane, 2-way, AC roadway.

Cosby Campground Road (GRSM-0234Z) is a 0.14 mile, 2-lane, AC roadway.

Cosby Government Quarters/Ranger Station Access Road (GRSM-0443) is a

0.13 mile, 2-lane, 2-way, AC roadway that both starts and terminates at the intersection with Cosby Entrance Road.

Cosby Hiker Parking A (GRSM-1169A) is a 4,779 square foot (SF) AC parking area adjacent to Cosby Entrance Road.

Cosby Picnic Area Parking B (GRSM-1170B) is a 4,224 SF AC parking area adjacent to Cosby Picnic Area Road.

Cosby Picnic Area Parking C (GRSM-1170C) is a 4,060 SF AC parking area adjacent to Cosby Picnic Area Road.

Cosby Dump Station (GRSM-1171) is a 5,177 SF AC parking area adjacent to Cosby Entrance Road.

Cosby Government Quarters Parking (GRSM-1174) is a 5,480 SF AC parking area off of Cosby Government Quarters/Ranger Station Access Road.

Cosby Maintenance Yard Parking (GRSM-1175) is a 20,537 SF AC parking area off of Cosby Entrance Road. This parking area was not included initially and has been added to the project scope as per request of the NPS.

As per the referenced Pavement Report for this project, Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) was the recommended treatment for Cosby Entrance Road and its adjacent parking areas.

Reconstruction was the recommendation for the first 80 feet of Cosby Government Quarters/Ranger Station Access Road.

On November 16, 2023, Eastern Federal Lands Highway Division (EFLHD) and the NPS had a meeting regarding altering the scope of work for project GRSM 21(1). NPS requested all routes receive a 2.0-inch mill and AC overlay or a 2.0-inch AC overlay. EFLHD construction and NPS personnel visited the campground on December 11, 2023, to obtain

K. Nguyen Pavement Engineer

Through:

M. Elias Pavements Team Leader

2/15/2024

Page 2 of 4 Pages

Use this form in lieu of transmittal slips within Dept. of Trans. When message patching quantities for routes in Cosby Campground and to verify the final treatments for Cosby Campground.

Cosby Entrance Road, Campground Road, Hiker Parking, Picnic Area Parking, and Dump Station Recommendations

The following routes listed will receive a 2.0-inch mill and AC overlay. The minimum requirements are presented in Table 1.

Cosby Entrance Road (GRSM-0021) Cosby Campground Road (GRSM-0234Z) Cosby Hiker Parking A (GRSM-1169A) Cosby Hiker Parking B (GRSM-1169B) Cosby Picnic Area Parking A (GRSM-1170A) Cosby Picnic Area Parking B (GRSM-1170B) Cosby Picnic Area Parking C (GRSM-1170C) Cosby Dump Station (GRSM-1171)

Table 1. 2.0-inch Mill and Overlay

Layer Minimum Thickness

(in)

Comments

Existing AC 2.0 AC Milling as per Section 413

AC Surface Course 2.0

Marshall Mix AC, as per Section 402, Class A, ½” Nominal Maximum Size

Aggregate (NMSA), Type I-B or Type IV Roughness*

Asphalt Tack Coat --- AC Tack Coat as per Section 412 *Cosby Entrance Road (GRSM-0021) will require Type I-B roughness, all other routes will require Type IV roughness

AC Removal and Replacement – Cosby Picnic Area Road (GRSM-0207) Based on the results from the subsurface investigation conducted in June 2021, the existing AC thickness is 2.75 inches on Cosby Picnic Area Road. Milling 2.0 inches will result in the remaining 0.75 inches AC deteriorating during paving, so removal and replacement of the entire AC pavement is recommended. Table 2 details the minimum requirements.

Page 3 of 4 Pages

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Table 2. AC Removal and Replacement – Cosby Picnic Area Road (GRSM-0207)

Minimum Thickness

Existing AC 2.75 AC Removal as per Section 203

Marshall Mix AC, as per Section 402, Class A, ½” Nominal Maximum Size

Aggregate (NMSA), Type IV Roughness

Ranger Station Access Road, Cosby Government Quarters Parking, and Cosby Maintenance Yard Parking Recommendations

The following routes will receive a 2.0-inch AC overlay.

Cosby Government Quarters/Ranger Station Access Road (GRSM-0443) Cosby Government Quarters Parking (GRSM-1174) Cosby Maintenance Yard Parking (GRSM-1175)

Heavy rehabilitation and/or reconstruction were initially recommended for the above listed routes based on existing pavement conditions, however as per Park request these routes are to receive a 2-inch overlay in addition crack sealing and filling. It must be noted that cracking will likely reflect through the AC overlay within several months to several years.

The minimum requirements are presented in Table 3.

Table 3. 2.0- inch AC Overlay

Minimum Thickness

Marshall Mix AC, as per Section 402, Class A, ½” Nominal Maximum Size

Aggregate (NMSA), Type IV Roughness

Asphalt Tack Coat --- AC Tack Coat as per Section 412

Page 4 of 4 Pages

Use this form in lieu of transmittal slips within Dept. of Trans. When message

Pre-Overlay Repairs

The following repairs must be performed as required prior to placing the ACP overlay:

Perform Full Depth Patching (Type 1) as necessary (in areas exhibiting fatigue cracking, settlement, rooting and/or potholes. Such areas should be identified by the CO. Patch areas should be performed in accordance with Section 418.

Perform Crack Sealing and Filling. Crack sealing (crack width ¼-inch to less than 1-inch) and filling (crack width greater than 1-inch) should be performed in accordance with Section 414.

Table 4 details the approximate quantities for crack sealing and patching in Cosby Campground.

Table 4. Full Depth Patching and Crack Sealing/Filling Quantities

Route Full Depth

Patch Type 1 (Square Yards)

Crack Sealing/Filling (Linear Feet)

GRSM-0021 925 -

GRSM-1170C 95 -

GRSM-0443 - 1500

GRSM-1174 - 70

GRSM-1175 - 1000

NP-GRSM 21(1) Pavement Report No. FY22-02 Rehabilitation of Cosby Entrance Road and Cosby Picnic Area Road

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION

1. GENERAL

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3. PROJECT PURPOSE-AND-NEED

II. PROCEDURES AND RESULTS

1. PAVEMENT AND SUBSURFACE CONDITION ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES

1.1 Existing Pavement Conditions

1.2. Subsurface Conditions

III. ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS

IV. RECOMMENDATIONS

APPENDICES

Appendix A - Project Location Map Appendix B - Photographs Appendix C - Pavement Coring Log Appendix D - Soil Boring Logs Appendix E - Laboratory Test Results

Appendix F - Pavement Design Analysis

Note: Design changes, made subsequent to distribution of this report and prior to project advertisement, will be documented by a memo inserted after the title page

PAVEMENT REPORT NUMBER FY22-02

Project NP-GRSM 21(1)

Cosby Entrance Road and Cosby Picnic Area Road Cocke County, Tennessee

I. INTRODUCTION

1. General

This report presents the findings and recommendations for Project NP-GRSM 21(1) for the rehabilitation of several roads and parking areas within Cosby Campground located in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, in Cocke County, Tennessee. A Project Location Map is presented in Appendix A.

2. Project Description

Project NP-GRSM 21(1) consists of the rehabilitation of the following roads and parking areas:

Cosby Entrance Road (NPS Route GRSM-0021) is a 2-lane, 2.26-mile, asphalt concrete (AC) roadway which begins at the intersection with Tennessee State Highway 32 at the Park boundary and loops around the campground office before ending at the picnic area.

Cosby Picnic Area Road (NPS Route GRSM-0207) is a 2-lane, 0.15-mile, AC roadway.

Cosby Campground Road (NPS Route GRSM-0234Z) is a a 2-lane, 0.14-mile, AC roadway.

Cosby Government Quarters/Ranger Station Access Road (NPS Route GRSM- 0443) is a 2-lane, 0.13-mile, AC roadway.

Cosby Hiker Parking A (NPS Route GRSM-1169A) is a 4,779 square-foot (SF) AC parking area adjacent to Cosby Entrance Road.

Cosby Hiker Parking B (NPS Route GRSM-1169B) is a 6,070 SF AC parking area adjacent to Cosby Entrance Road.

Cosby Picnic Area Parking A (NPS Route GRSM-1170A) is a 3,788 SF AC parking area adjacent to Cosby Picnic Area Road.

Cosby Picnic Area Parking B (NPS Route GRSM-1170B) is a 4,224 SF AC parking area adjacent to Cosby Picnic Area Road.

Cosby Picnic Area Parking C (NPS Route GRSM-1170C) is a 4,060 SF AC parking area adjacent to Cosby Picnic Area Road.

Cosby Dump Station (NPS Route GRSM-1171) is a 5,177 SF AC parking area adjacent to Cosby Entrance Road.

Cosby Government Quarters Parking (NPS Route GRSM-1174) is a 5,480 SF AC parking area off of Cosby Government Quarters/Ranger Station Access Road.

Cosby Maintenance Yard Parking (NPS Route GRSM-1175) is a 20,537 SF AC parking area off of Cosby Entrance Road. This parking area was not included initially, and has been added to the scope as per Park’s request.

3. Project Purpose-and-Need

The general Purpose-and-Need for this project is to rehabilitate the roadways and parking areas within the scope of work.

II. PROCEDURES AND RESULTS

1. Pavement and Subsurface Condition Assessment Procedures

In May 2021, Eastern Federal Lands Highway Division (EFLHD) Road Inventory Program (RIP) collected data on routes within Cosby Campground during Cycle 6 (C6) with the Data Collection Vehicle (DCV). Pavement Condition Ratings (PCRs) were determined based on the collected data. The existing pavement conditions were also assessed during the scoping visit on May 20th, 2021. Pavement cores and soil borings were performed between June 4th and June 10th, 2021, to determine the composition of the existing pavement structure and the subsurface characteristics.

1.1 Existing Pavement Conditions

A summary of PCRs and pavement conditions based on the condition survey conducted in May 2021 are included in Table 1.

Table 1. Existing Pavement Conditions

Roadway Name

PCR

(2021) Pavement Condition

(condition survey – May 2021) Cosby Entrance Road

(GRSM-0021)

(fair)

Moderate to high severity fatigue cracking, transverse cracking, longitudinal cracking, delamination, edge cracking and raveling.

Cosby Picnic Area Road

(GRSM-0207)

(fair)

Moderate severity block cracking, transverse cracking, longitudinal cracking, raveling, edge cracking and raveling.

Cosby Campground Road

(GRSM-0234Z)

(fair)

Low severity longitudinal and transverse cracking.

Cosby Government Quarters/Ranger Station Access Road (GRSM-0443)

(fair)

High severity fatigue cracking and block cracking.

Cosby Hiker Parking A

(GRSM-1169A)

(good)

Low severity longitudinal and transverse cracking.

Cosby Hiker Parking B

(GRSM-1169B)

(poor)

Low severity longitudinal cracking.

Cosby Picnic Area Parking A

(GRSM-1170A)

(fair)

Low severity longitudinal and transverse cracking.

Cosby Picnic Area Parking B

(GRSM-1170B)

(poor)

Low severity longitudinal cracking.

Cosby Picnic Area Parking C

(GRSM-1170C)

(poor)

Low severity longitudinal and transverse cracking.

Cosby Dump Station

(GRSM-1171)

(excellent)

Low severity longitudinal cracking.

Cosby Government Quarters Parking (GRSM-1174)

(poor)

Moderate to high severity transverse cracking, longitudinal cracking, block cracking and raveling. Grass was observed coming through the pavement at certain locations.

Cosby Maintenance Yard Parking (GRSM-1175)

(poor)

Moderate to high severity transverse cracking, longitudinal cracking, block cracking and fatigue cracking. Asphalt pavement missing and grass was observed coming through the pavement at certain locations.

Photographs showing typical pavement conditions are included in Appendix B.

1.2. Subsurface Conditions

In June 2021, the EFLHD’s Subsurface Exploration Team collected a total of 9 pavement cores from Cosby Entrance Road, Cosby Picnic Area Road, Cosby Government Quarters/Ranger Station Access Road, Cosby Government Quarters Parking and Cosby Maintenance Yard Parking. Table 2 summarizes the asphalt concrete pavement (ACP) thickness information determined from the collected pavement cores. Pavement Coring Logs are included in Appendix C.

Table 2. Pavement Cores Data

Roadway Name

Number of

Pavement Cores

ACP

Thickness

Range (inches)

ACP

Thickness Average (inches)

Pavement Cores Conditions

Cosby Entrance Road

(GRSM-0021)

4 4.0-4.75 4.3

Loss of bond/delamination between AC layers observed in 2 cores (at depths of 2.75 and 3 inches)

Cosby Picnic Area Road

(GRSM-0207)

1 N/A 2.75 Intact

Cosby Government Quarters/Ranger Station Access Road (GRSM-0443)

2 3.75-4.0 3.9 Loss of bond/delamination between AC layers observed in 1 core (at depth of 0.75-inch)

Cosby Government Quarters Parking (GRSM-1174)

1 N/A 5.5 Intact

Cosby Maintenance Yard Parking (GRSM-1175)

1 N/A 3.5 Intact

The EFLHD Subsurface Exploration Team also drilled a total of 3 soil borings in June 2021 (two borings at Cosby Entrance Road and one boring at Cosby Government Quarters/Ranger Station Access Road). Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) were performed using a 3 ¾-inch (outer diameter) split-spoon sampler in accordance with AASHTO T-206. SPT soil samples were recovered by driving the split spoon sampler a distance of 24 inches, or until refusal, into the undisturbed soil under the action of a 140-pound automatic hammer free-falling 30 inches. The number of hammer blows required to advance the split-spoon sampler the middle 12 inches of the 24-inch sample interval is designated as the “Standard Penetration Resistance” or N-value. The N-values and the number of blows required to advance the sampler through each 6-inch interval was recorded on field boring logs. Representative portions of the SPT soil samples were placed into glass jars, labeled, and transported to the EFLHD Materials Testing Laboratory in Sevierville, TN for testing and storage. Laboratory testing of selected soil samples included gradation analysis by sieve (AASHTO T-11), Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and moisture content of soils (AASHTO T-89, AASHTO T-90, and AASHTO T-265), California Bearing Ratio (AASHTO T-193), and standard proctor (AASHTO T-99). Table 3 summarizes the laboratory results for the subgrade soil. Borings logs and laboratory testing results are included in Appendix D and Appendix E, respectively.

Table 3. Results of Laboratory Testing

Boring

ID

Sample

ID

Depth (ft)

Moisture content

PL

LL

PI

AASHTO

Classification

Description CBR

BH-01 J-1 1-3 16.6 13 31 18 A-2-6(1)

Clayey Gravel with Sand

BH-01 Bucket 1-5 N/A NP 17 NP A-2-4(0) Silty Gravel with

Sand

BH-02 J-1 1-3 13.3 NP 22 NP A-1-b Silty Gravel with

Sand

BH-02 Bucket 1-5 N/A NP 18 NP A-1-b Silty Gravel with

Sand

BH-03 J-1 1-3 17.4 NP 24 NP A-1-b Silty Gravel with

Sand

BH-03 Bucket 1-5 N/A 31 24 7 A-2-4(0) Silty, Clayey

Sand with Gravel

N/A – not available NP – non plastic

The borings drilled on Cosby Entrance Road (BH-01 and BH-02) encountered silty GRAVEL with sand and clayey GRAVEL with Sand based on lab testing results. N-values recorded in the sand layers in boring BH-01 range from 8 to 15 blows per foot (bpf) indicating loose to medium relative density. No SPT testing was conducted during the drilling of boring BH-02. The soil strength was tested from two samples. The California Bearing Ratios (CBR) were 5% and 12% which correspond to Resilient Moduli (Mr) of 7,500 psi to 12,509 psi. The boring drilled on Cosby Government Quarters/Ranger Station Access Road (BH-03) encountered silty GRAVEL with sand and silty/clayey SAND with gravel based on lab testing results. N-values recorded in the sand layers range from 9 to 10 bpf indicating loose to medium relative density. The CBR was tested to be 3% which correspond to Resilient Moduli (Mr) of 4,500 psi. For pavement design purposes, a Mr of 4,500 psi was used.

III. ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS

The design for the new flexible AC pavement was performed in accordance with the 1993 AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, AASHTOWare DARWin software (version 3.1) and the Federal Lands Highway Project Development and Design Manual (PDDM). An Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) of 135 vehicles and a Seasonally Adjusted AADT (SADT) of 205 vehicles were obtained from 2023 traffic projections for Cosby Entrance Road (source: National Park Service). This traffic data results in an estimated equivalent single axle load (ESAL) of approximately 32,500. For pavement design purposes, 50,000 ESAL (i.e., the minimum per the PDDM guidance) was used in the structural analysis. The effective roadbed soil resilient modulus (Mr) was assumed to be 4,500 psi (CBR = 3%). Other parameters specified in the analysis included a reliability of 75 percent, an overall standard deviation of 0.49, an initial serviceability index of 4.2, and a terminal serviceability index of 2.0 in accordance with the PDDM. The results of the analysis are presented in Appendix F.

IV. RECOMMENDATIONS

The following pavement recommendations are based on the existing pavement conditions at the time of the field investigation and the pavement cores. The recommendations included here reference the FP-14, “Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects” (FP-14 Specifications).

Cosby Entrance Road (GRSM-0021), Cosby Picnic Area Road (GRSM-0207), Cosby Campground Road (GRSM-0234Z), Cosby Hiker Parking A (GRSM-1169A), Cosby Hiker Parking B (GRSM-1169B), Cosby Picnic Area Parking A (GRSM-1170A), Cosby Picnic Area Parking B (GRSM-1170B), and Cosby Picnic Area Parking C (GRSM-1170C)

Based on the existing pavement conditions observed Full-Depth Reclamation (FDR) with cement (Table 4) is recommended for Cosby Entrance Road, Cosby Picnic Area Road, Cosby Campground Road and Cosby Government Quarters/Ranger Station Access Road.

Since Cosby Hiker Parking (A and B) and Cosby Picnic Area Parking (A, B, and C) are relatively small parking areas adjacent to roadways mentioned above, we recommend the same pavement rehabilitation approach for constructability purposes. FDR (with cement) consists of pulverizing and stabilizing with cement the existing ACP, aggregate base and possibly a portion of the subgrade to form 6 inches of a new stabilized base. Micro-cracking and curing of the FDR (water method or prime coat method) will be required prior to placing a 4-inch ACP. Excess material must be removed to maintain roadway profile.

Table 4. FDR with cement

Minimum Thickness

Marshall Mix ACP as per Section 402, Class A, ½” Nominal Maximum Size

Aggregate (NMSA), Type III-B roughness Asphalt Tack Coat --- AC Tack Coat as per Section 412

AC Base Course 2.0 Marshall Mix ACP as per Section 402, Class A, 1/2” NMSA FDR (cement) 6.0 FDR as per Section 305

Cosby Government Quarters/Ranger Station Access Road (GRSM-0443), Cosby Dump Station (GRSM-1171), Cosby Government Quarters Parking (GRSM-1174) and Cosby Maintenance Yard Parking (GRSM-1175)

Based on the existing pavement conditions observed, a 2-inch ACP overlay (Table 5) is recommended for Cosby Dump Station (NPS Route GRSM-1171). A tack coat will be applied on top of the milled surface prior to placing ta 2-inch ACP overlay. This approach will raise the existing profile by at least 2 inches.

Table 5. ACP Overlay (2-inch)

Layer Minimum Thickness

(in)

Comments

AC Surface Course 2.0 Marshall Mix ACP as per Section 402, Class A, ½” NMSA, Type I-B roughness Asphalt Tack Coat --- AC Tack Coat as per Section 412

Heavy rehabilitation or reconstruction were initially recommended for Cosby Government Quarters/Ranger Station Access Road (GRSM-0443, Full-Depth Reconstruction), Cosby Government Quarters Parking (GRSM-1174, FDR with cement) and Cosby Maintenance Yard Parking (GRSM-1175, FDR with cement) based on the existing pavement conditions.

However, as per Park’s request these routes will receive a light rehabilitation (2-inch ACP overlay). It must be noted that cracking will most likely reflect through the ACP overlay within 5 years.

The following repairs must be performed as required prior to placing the ACP overlay:

Perform ACP Patch (Type 1 or 2) as necessary (estimated 3% of the total route area), in areas exhibiting fatigue cracking, settlement, rooting and/or potholes. Such areas should be identified by the CO. Patch areas should be performed in accordance with Section 418.

Perform Crack Sealing and Filling. Crack sealing (crack width ¼-inch to less than 1-inch) and filling (crack width greater than 1-inch) should be performed in accordance with Section 414.

Full-Depth Reconstruction (Table 6) is recommended for approximately 80 feet at the entrance of Cosby Government Quarters/Ranger Station Access Road (GRSM-0443). The extent of the full-depth reconstruction must be confirmed in the field. This approach consists of removing the existing pavement structure including the ACP and aggregate base layers by excavating approximately 12 inches. A separation geotextile will be placed on the existing subgrade prior to placing 8 inches of aggregate base and a 4-inch ACP. This alternative will maintain the existing profile.

Table 6. Full-Depth Reconstruction

Minimum Thickness

Marshall Mix ACP as per Section 402, Class A, ½” NMSA, Type III-B roughness Asphalt Tack Coat --- AC Tack Coat as per Section 412

AC Base Course 2.0 Marshall Mix ACP as per Section 402, Class A, ½” NMSA Aggregate Base

Course 8.0

Aggregate Base Course, Grading C or D as per Section 301

Geotextile --- Geotextile, Class 2, Type E as per Section

V. DISCLAIMER/LIMITATIONS CLAUSE

The subsurface explorations and tests described in the section on Procedures and Results have been conducted in accordance with standard practices and procedures (except as specifically noted). The results of these explorations and tests represent conditions at the specific locations indicated. Subsurface and conditions between these locations may vary.

The Design Analysis section and the Recommendations section in this report include interpretations and recommendations developed by the Government in the process of preparing the design. These interpretations are not intended as a substitute for the personal investigation, independent interpretation, and judgment of the Contractor.

Prepared by:

Maria Chiara Guercio Pavement Engineer

Reviewed by:

Mohammed Elias Pavement Team Leader

APPENDIX A – Project Location Map

Rte 0443

Rte 0008A

Rte 1175

Rte 1177

Rte 1179

Rte 1180

Rte 1178Rte 1176

Rte 1174

Copyright: © 2013 National Geographic Society

4-26

0.85 0 0.850.425

Miles

Great Smoky Mountains National Park Route Location Map

Area 15

Unique colors used to differentiate routes

Routes Collected in Previous Cycle

15A

Rte 0234ZZ

Rte 0207

Rte 1169B Rte 1171

Rte 1169A

Rte 1170A

Rte 1172

Rte 1170B Rte 1170C

Rte 1173

Copyright: © 2013 National Geographic Society

4-27

0.15 0 0.150.075

Miles

Great Smoky Mountains National Park Route Location Map

Area 15A

Unique colors used to differentiate routes

Routes Collected in Previous Cycle

APPENDIX B – Photographs

Project NP GRSM 21(1) APPENDIX B Photographs

Figure 1. Cosby Entrance Road (GRSM-0021) – Block Cracking and Delamination

Figure 2. Cosby Entrance Road (GRSM-0021) – Fatigue Cracking

Figure 3. Cosby Picnic Area Road (GRSM-0207) – Block Cracking

Figure 4. Cosby Picnic Area Road (GRSM-0207) – Edge Cracking

Figure 5. Cosby Government Quarters/Ranger Station Access Road (GRSM-0443) – Fatigue Cracking

Figure 6. Cosby Hiker Parking A (GRSM-1169A) – Longitudinal Cracking

Figure 7. Cosby Hiker Parking B (GRSM-1169B) – Longitudinal Cracking

Figure 8. Cosby Picnic Area Parking A (GRSM-1170A) – Transverse and Longitudinal Cracking

Figure 9. Cosby Picnic Area Parking B (GRSM-1170B) – Longitudinal Cracking

Figure 10. Cosby Picnic Area Parking C (GRSM-1170C) – Longitudinal Cracking

Figure 11. Cosby Dump Station (GRSM-1171) – Longitudinal Cracking

Figure 12. Cosby Government Quarters Parking (GRSM-1174) – Longitudinal Cracking and Grass Growing Through Pavement

Figure 13. Cosby Maintenance Yard Parking (GRSM-1175) – Longitudinal and Transverse Cracking and Grass Growing Through Pavement

Figure 14. Cosby Maintenance Yard Parking (GRSM-1175) – Cracking, Missing Pavement and Grass Growing Through Pavement

APPENDIX C – Pavement Coring Log

Pavement Coring Log APPENDIX C Project:

Report

Notes:

1. Photographed cores show top of core on left-hand side, unless otherwise noted.

Core No. Core Photograph / Side View

PV21-01

6/4/21

Core Description Location 4.5” Asphalt Concrete Intact.

Location: Cosby Entrance Road, Northbound Lane. Cosby, TN

GPS: 35.781214°, -83.216613°

Core No. Core Photograph / Side View

PV21-02

6/4/21

Core Description Location 4.0” Asphalt Concrete

Loss of bond depth of 2.75”.

Location: Cosby Entrance Road, Southbound Lane.

GPS: 35.776016°, -83.213322°

Report

Notes:

1. Photographed cores show top of core on left-hand side, unless otherwise noted.

Core No. Core Photograph / Side View

PV21-03

6/4/21

Core Description Location 4.75” Asphalt Concrete Loss of bond at depth of 3.0”

Location: Cosby Entrance Road, Northbound Lane. Cosby, TN

GPS: 35.767699°, -83.212351°

Core No. Core Photograph / Side View

PV21-04

6/4/21

Core Description Location 4.0” Asphalt Concrete

Intact.

Location: Cosby Entrance Road, Southbound Lane. Cosby, TN.

GPS: 35.755836°,-83.208331°

Report

Notes:

1. Photographed cores show top of core on left-hand side, unless otherwise noted.

Core No. Core Photograph / Side View

PV21-05

6/4/21

Core Description Location 2.75” Asphalt Concrete Intact.

Location: Cosby Picnic Area Road, Northbound Lane. Cosby, TN

GPS: 35.756982°, -83.208527°

Core No. Core Photograph / Side View

PV21-06

6/4/21

Core Description Location 4.0” Asphalt Concrete

Loss of bond at depths of 0.75” and 2.75”.

Location: Cosby Government Quarters, Ranger Station Access Road Cosby, TN.

GPS: 35.778354°,-83.214221°

Report

Notes:

1. Photographed cores show top of core on left-hand side, unless otherwise noted.

Core No. Core Photograph / Side View

PV21-07

6/4/21

Core Description Location 3.75” Asphalt Concrete Intact.

Location: Cosby Government Quarters, Ranger Station Access Road, Cosby, TN.

GPS: 35.777967°, -83.214145°

Core No. Core Photograph / Side View

PV21-08

6/4/21

Core Description Location 5.5” Asphalt Concrete

Intact.

Location: Cosby Government Quarters Parking

GPS: 35.778719°,-83.214192°

Report

Notes:

1. Photographed cores show top of core on left-hand side, unless otherwise noted.

Core No. Core Photograph / Side View

PV21-09

6/4/21

Core Description Location 3.5” Asphalt Concrete Intact.

Location: Cosby Maintenance Yard Parking

GPS: 35.779031°, -83.214909°

APPENDIX D – Soil Boring Logs

APPENDIX E – Laboratory Test Results

APPENDIX F – Pavement Design Analysis

1993 AASHTO Pavement Design

DARWin Pavement Design and Analysis System

A Proprietary AASHTOWare Computer Software Product

Flexible Structural Design Module

Full-Depth Reclamation (FDR) with cement

Flexible Structural Design

18-kip ESALs Over Initial Performance Period 50,000 Initial Serviceability 4.2 Terminal Serviceability 2 Reliability Level 75 % Overall Standard Deviation 0.49 Roadbed Soil Resilient Modulus 4,500 psi Stage Construction 1

Calculated Design Structural Number 2.30 in

Specified Layer Design

Material Description

Struct Coef.

(Ai)

Drain Coef.

(Mi)

Thickness (Di)(in)

Width

(ft)

Calculated

SN (in) 1 AC Surface 0.44 1 2 12 0.88 2 AC Base 0.44 1 2 12 0.88

3 FDR 0.15 1 6 12 0.90

Total - - - 10.00 - 2.66

1993 AASHTO Pavement Design

DARWin Pavement Design and Analysis System

A Proprietary AASHTOWare Computer Software Product

Flexible Structural Design Module

Full-Depth Reconstruction

Flexible Structural Design

18-kip ESALs Over Initial Performance Period 50,000 Initial Serviceability 4.2 Terminal Serviceability 2 Reliability Level 75 % Overall Standard Deviation 0.49 Roadbed Soil Resilient Modulus 4,500 psi Stage Construction 1

Calculated Design Structural Number 2.30 in

Specified Layer Design

Material Description

Struct Coef.

(Ai)

Drain Coef.

(Mi)

Thickness (Di)(in)

Width

(ft)

Calculated

SN (in) 1 AC Surface 0.44 1 2 12 0.88 2 AC Base 0.44 1 2 12 0.88 3 Graded Agrgregate Base 0.12 1 8 12 0.96

Total - - - 12.00 - 2.72

Pages from TN NP GRSM 21(1) Pavement Report Addendum.pdf