TE 08 - Interior and Exterior Lighting Systems and Controls.pdf

UFC 3-530-01

01 April 2015

Change 3, 01 June 2016

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR

LIGHTING SYSTEMS AND

CONTROLS

Interior and Exterior Lighting Systems and Controls

Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use.

Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder.

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND (Preparing Activity)

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY

Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/)

Change No. Date Location 1 2/1/2016 Included Luminaire Conversion Kits 2-8.3.1, Included a

Navy ONLY Exemption for Linear Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps 2-8.4. Modified paragraphs 2-1.5, 2.2.3, 2- 2.4, 2-4.1.1, 2-4.2.1, 2-8, 2-8.2, 2-8.3, 3-2, 3-9.1, 5-2, 7- 2, 7-3.5.1, 6-2, 7-3.5, 7-5.5. Moved Section 7-3 to Chapter 6. Added reference in Appendix A

2 3/3/2016 Updated equipment section to include linear LED lamps in for Navy only projects 2-4.1.1.2. Updated References

3 6/1/2016 Update to allow Linear LED lamps for Air Force and Army projects. Update UL Standard. Update References

This UFC supersedes UFC 3-530-01, Change 2 dated 03 March 2016.

FOREWORD

The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD (AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DoD projects and work for other customers where appropriate. All construction outside of the United States is also governed by Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction Agreements (HNFA), and in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA.)

Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the more stringent of the UFC, the SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as applicable.

UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies should contact the preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of UFC is the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group. Recommended changes with supporting rationale should be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following electronic form: Criteria Change Request. The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed below.

UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following source:

• Whole Building Design Guide web site http://dod.wbdg.org/.

Refer to UFC 1-200-01, General Building Requirements, for implementation of new issuances on projects.

AUTHORIZED BY:

JAMES C. DALTON, P.E. JOSEPH E. GOTT, P.E.

Chief, Engineering and Construction Chief Engineer U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Naval Facilities Engineering Command

JOE SCIABICA, SES MICHAEL McANDREW Director Air Force Civil Engineer Center

Director, Facilities Investment and Management Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Energy, Installations, and Environment) http://www.wbdg.org/pdfs/ufc_implementation.pdf http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/browse_cat.php?o=29&c=4 http://dod.wbdg.org/

SUMMARY SHEET

Document: UFC 3-530-01, Interior and Exterior Lighting Systems and Controls, Change 3 Superseding: UFC 3-530-01, Design: Interior, Exterior Lighting and Controls, Change 2, 03 March 2016 Description: This UFC was developed to bring uniformity across the Department of Defense (DoD) Components and:

• Provide requirements for interior and exterior lighting equipment.

• Provide design requirements for many typical applications.

Reasons for Document: This document provides minimum unified requirements and coordinating guidance for planning, designing, constructing, renovating, and maintaining, high performance and sustainable lighting that will enhance DoD facilities by:

• Unified approach to lighting design.

• This UFC captured many of the technology advancements for interior and exterior lighting.

• This document incorporates lessons learned and is reformatted to conform to

UFC 1-300-01.

Impact: Improved mission capability through:

• Evaluation of solid state lighting (SSL) as recommended source. SSL may increase first cost, though implementation of controls will reduce overall life cycle cost because of reduced maintenance cycles and longer rated life times.

• Reduced maintenance through longer rated life sources, such as SSL.

• Improved energy efficiency.

• Enhanced facility and installation performance.

Unification Issues:

The Air Force has the following noted exceptions:

• Equipment and Life Cycle Cost Analysis. For LED applications, provide built in failure detection in the luminaire or include labor costs to measure light levels (baseline and 70% output - before the end of the warranty) in the LCCA.

• Airfields. Refer to ETL 11-29 for additional requirements. Use of LED luminaires for airfield ramp, apron, alert, airfield security lighting requires appropriate base level organization coordination

\3\/3/ i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1

1-1 BACKGROUND

1-2 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

1-3 APPLICABILITY

1-4 GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

1-5 REFERENCES

1-6 GLOSSARY

INTERIOR LIGHTING AND CONTROLS .................................................. 3 CHAPTER 2

2-1 PRIORITIES FOR LIGHTING SYSTEMS

Energy Reduction. ................................................................................. 3 2-1.1 Maintenance Reduction. ........................................................................ 3 2-1.2 Lighting Quality. ..................................................................................... 3 2-1.3 Life Cycle Cost. ...................................................................................... 4 2-1.4 Lighting System Efficiencies. ................................................................. 5 2-1.5

2-2 LIGHTING CONTROLS

Daylighting Control Requirements. ........................................................ 5 2-2.1 Means of Egress. ................................................................................... 6 2-2.2 Control Strategies. ................................................................................. 6 2-2.3 Network Certification. ............................................................................. 8 2-2.4

2-3 DAYLIGHTING

2-4 EQUIPMENT

Light Source Technology. ...................................................................... 8 2-4.1 Ballasts, Drivers, Generators, and Power Supplies. ............................ 10 2-4.2 Surge Protection Device (SPD). .......................................................... 10 2-4.3

2-5 ELECTRICAL ENERGY MONITORING

2-6 ELEVATORS

2-7 ILLUMINATION FOR MEANS OF EGRESS

Emergency Lighting. ............................................................................ 11 2-7.1 Exit Signs. ............................................................................................ 11 2-7.2

2-8 LIGHTING SYSTEM ALTERATIONS

LIGHTING SYSTEM ALTERATION PRIORITIES. .............................. 12 2-8.1

REDESIGN. ......................................................................................... 12 2-8.2 ii

LUMINAIRE REPLACEMENT AND CONVERSION. ........................... 12 2-8.3

LIGHT SOURCE RETROFIT. .............................................................. 14 2-8.4

INTERIOR APPLICATIONS .................................................................... 17 CHAPTER 3

3-1 INTRODUCTION

3-2 LIGHTING CALCULATIONS

3-3 GENERAL BUILDING SPACES

Corridors. ............................................................................................. 18 3-3.1 Stairways. ............................................................................................ 20 3-3.2 Lounge Areas. ..................................................................................... 21 3-3.3 Storage Rooms. ................................................................................... 23 3-3.4 Mechanical Rooms. ............................................................................. 24 3-3.5 Restrooms. .......................................................................................... 25 3-3.6 Telecommunication Room. .................................................................. 26 3-3.7

3-4 ADMINISTRATIVE SPACES

Large Lobbies. ..................................................................................... 27 3-4.1 Individual Offices. ................................................................................ 29 3-4.2 Individual Offices (Alternate Scheme). ................................................. 31 3-4.3 Open Offices. ....................................................................................... 34 3-4.4 Open Offices (Alternate Scheme). ....................................................... 36 3-4.5 Waiting Areas. ..................................................................................... 38 3-4.6 Conference Rooms. ............................................................................. 40 3-4.7 Boardrooms / Large Conference Rooms. ............................................ 42 3-4.8 Ceremonial Areas. ............................................................................... 44 3-4.9

Office Support Areas. .......................................................................... 46 3-4.10

3-5 EDUCATIONAL SPACES

Classroom/Training Room. .................................................................. 48 3-5.1 Auditoriums. ......................................................................................... 50 3-5.2

3-6 HEALTHCARE SPACES

Waiting Rooms. ................................................................................... 52 3-6.1 Pharmacy. ............................................................................................ 54 3-6.2

3-7 FOOD SERVICE SPACES

Kitchens. .............................................................................................. 56 3-7.1 Cafeterias. ........................................................................................... 58 3-7.2 iii

Enlisted Dining Rooms. ....................................................................... 60 3-7.3 Officer Dining Rooms. .......................................................................... 62 3-7.4

3-8 RECREATIONAL SPACES

Indoor Swimming Pools. ...................................................................... 64 3-8.1 Indoor Tennis Courts. .......................................................................... 66 3-8.2 Indoor Basketball Courts...................................................................... 68 3-8.3 Locker Rooms. ..................................................................................... 70 3-8.4

3-9 MAINTENANCE SPACES

Vehicle Maintenance Areas. ................................................................ 71 3-9.1 Aircraft Hangers and Shelters. ............................................................. 73 3-9.2 Motorpools. .......................................................................................... 75 3-9.3 Warehouses. ........................................................................................ 77 3-9.4

3-10 RESIDENTIAL HOUSING

Bedrooms. ........................................................................................... 79 3-10.1 Hallways. ............................................................................................. 80 3-10.2 Laundry Rooms. .................................................................................. 81 3-10.3 Kitchens. .............................................................................................. 82 3-10.4 Dining Room. ....................................................................................... 84 3-10.5 Living Rooms. ...................................................................................... 85 3-10.6 Rec Rooms. ......................................................................................... 87 3-10.7 Bathrooms. .......................................................................................... 88 3-10.8 Garages. .............................................................................................. 89 3-10.9

3-11 HOUSING

Bachelors Quarters (Barracks). ........................................................... 90 3-11.1

3-12 CHILDCARE SPACES

Daycare Indoor Play Areas. ................................................................. 91 3-12.1 Daycare Indoor Rest Areas. ................................................................. 92 3-12.2

3-13 PARKING

Parking Structures. .............................................................................. 93 3-13.1 EXTERIOR LIGHTING AND CONTROLS ............................................... 95 CHAPTER 4

4-1 PRIORITIES FOR LIGHTING SYSTEMS

Energy Reduction. ............................................................................... 95 4-1.1 Maintenance Reduction. ...................................................................... 95 4-1.2 iv

Lighting Quality. ................................................................................... 95 4-1.3 Life Cycle Cost. .................................................................................... 96 4-1.4

4-2 LIGHTING ZONES

4-3 LIGHTING CONTROLS

Control Strategies. ............................................................................... 99 4-3.1 Network Certification. ......................................................................... 100 4-3.2

4-4 EQUIPMENT

Multi-Pin Receptacle. ......................................................................... 100 4-4.1 Light Source Technology. .................................................................. 101 4-4.2 Ballasts, Drivers, Generators, and Power Supplies. .......................... 102 4-4.3 Surge Protection Device (SPD). ........................................................ 103 4-4.4 Over Current Protection Device. ........................................................ 103 4-4.5

4-5 ELECTRICAL ENERGY MONITORING

4-6 SOLAR LIGHTS

4-7 REPLACING EXISTING SYSTEMS

Redesign. ........................................................................................... 104 4-7.1 One for One Luminaire Replacement. ............................................... 104 4-7.2 Light Source Retrofit. ......................................................................... 105 4-7.3

4-8 SITE DESIGN COORDINATION

4-9 AIRFIELDS

EXTERIOR APPLICATIONS. ................................................................ 107 CHAPTER 5

5-1 INTRODUCTION

5-2 CALCULATIONS OF LIGHTING FOR EXTERIOR AREAS

5-3 PARKING FACILITIES

Parking Lots. ...................................................................................... 108 5-3.1

5-4 BUILDING LIGHTING

Entrances. .......................................................................................... 110 5-4.1 Exits. .................................................................................................. 111 5-4.2 Housing Areas. .................................................................................. 114 5-4.3

5-5 PEDESTRIAN AREAS

Walkways. .......................................................................................... 116 5-5.1 Plazas. ............................................................................................... 118 5-5.2

5-6 VEHICLE TRAFFIC AREAS

v

Roadways and Streets. ...................................................................... 120 5-6.1 Driveways. ......................................................................................... 121 5-6.2

5-7 MARINAS

5-8 EXTERIOR RECREATIONAL AREAS

Baseball and Softball Fields. .............................................................. 124 5-8.1 Tennis Courts. ................................................................................... 126 5-8.2 Basketball Courts. .............................................................................. 127 5-8.3 Football Fields. .................................................................................. 128 5-8.4 Playgrounds. ...................................................................................... 130 5-8.5

5-9 OTHER AREAS

Airfields (Hangar). .............................................................................. 131 5-9.1 Airfields (Apron). ................................................................................ 132 5-9.2

SECURITY LIGHTING ........................................................................... 133 CHAPTER 6

6-1 INTRODUCTION

6-2 PHYSICAL SECURITY

Physical Security System................................................................... 133 6-2.1 Security Lighting Overview. ............................................................... 133 6-2.2 Deterrent Value. ................................................................................. 133 6-2.3 Defining Requirements. ..................................................................... 134 6-2.4 Security Lighting Design. ................................................................... 134 6-2.5 Controlled Lighting. ............................................................................ 135 6-2.6 Security Lighting Criteria. ................................................................... 137 6-2.7

6-3 SECURITY LIGHTING APPLICATIONS

Building Entrances and Exits. ............................................................ 138 6-3.1 Building Exterior. ................................................................................ 138 6-3.2 Perimeter Lighting. ............................................................................. 139 6-3.3 Entry Control Facilities. ...................................................................... 139 6-3.4 Waterfront. ......................................................................................... 140 6-3.5 CCTV camera. ................................................................................... 142 6-3.6

6-4 ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS

Generators ......................................................................................... 144 6-4.1 Uninterrupted Power Supply .............................................................. 144 6-4.2 Flywheels ........................................................................................... 144 6-4.3 vi

Battery Backup .................................................................................. 144 6-4.4 Partial Back-up Systems. ................................................................... 144 6-4.5 Circuiting Techniques. ....................................................................... 145 6-4.6 Controls. ............................................................................................ 145 6-4.7

SECURITY LIGHTING APPLICATIONS ............................................... 147 CHAPTER 7

7-1 INTRODUCTION

7-2 CALCULATIONS FOR SECURITY LIGHTING

7-3 ENTRY CONTROL FACILITY

Access Control Points – Approach Zone. .......................................... 148 7-3.1 Access Control Points – Access Zone. .............................................. 149 7-3.2 Access Control Points – Access Zone. .............................................. 150 7-3.3 Access Control Points – Pedestrian Entry. ........................................ 151 7-3.4 Access Control Points – Response Zone........................................... 152 7-3.5

7-4 OTHER AREAS

Under Vehicle Inspection. .................................................................. 153 7-4.1 Controlled Perimeters - Single Fence Line. ....................................... 154 7-4.2 Restricted Area. ................................................................................. 156 7-4.3 Magazines. ........................................................................................ 157 7-4.4 Piers. ................................................................................................. 158 7-4.5

APPENDIX A REFERENCES

APPENDIX B BEST PRACTICES: INTERIOR

B-1 MAINTENANCE

B-1.1 Visibility

B-1.2 Glare

B-1.3 Uniformity

B-1.4 Illuminance

B-1.5 Surface Brightness

B-2 LIGHT SOURCES

B-2.1 Technical Characteristics

B-2.2 Light Source Efficacy

B-2.3 Material Issues

B-2.4 Recycling

B-3 EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE

vii

B-3.1 Flicker

B-3.2 Noise

B-3.3 Interference

B-3.4 Effects of Temperature

B-3.5 Life

B-4 CONTROL APPROACHES

B-4.1 Occupancy Based Controls

B-4.2 Bi-Level and Multi-Level Switching

B-4.3 Light Level Tuning

B-4.4 Scene Based Dimming

B-4.5 Manual Switching

B-4.6 Time Clocks

B-4.7 Personal Control

B-4.8 Network Control Systems

B-4.9 Interior Controls Summary

B-5 CONTROL EQUIPMENT

B-5.1 Sensors

B-5.2 Manual

B-5.3 Time Controls

B-6 NETWORK CONTROL SYSTEM

B-7 EMERGENCY AND EXIT LIGHTING

B-7.1 Testing of Emergency Lighting Equipment

B-8 REPLACEMENT OF LUMINAIRES

B-8.1 Recessed Troffers

B-8.2 Incandescent Downlights

B-8.3 Fluorescent Industrial Luminaires, Wraparound, and Strip Lights

B-8.4 HID, Floodlights, Downlights and Other Luminaires

B-8.5 Exit Signs

B-8.6 Lighting Control System

APPENDIX C BEST PRACTICES: DAYLIGHTING

C-1 INTRODUCTION

C-2 SYSTEM INTEGRATION

C-3 CONTROLS

viii

C-3.1 Daylight Sensor Technologies

C-3.2 Automatic Lighting Controls

C-3.3 Task Dominant Areas

C-3.4 Non-Task Dominant Areas

C-3.5 Control Strategies

C-4 AUTOMATED SHADING

APPENDIX D BEST PRACTICES: EXTERIOR

D-1 LIGHTING QUALITY

D-1.1 Luminance

D-1.2 Light Pollution

D-1.3 Light Trespass

D-2 LUMINAIRE CLASSIFICATION

D-2.1 BUG Rating System

D-3 LIGHTING ZONES

D-3.1 LZ0 No Ambient Lighting

D-3.2 LZ1 Low Ambient Lighting

D-3.3 LZ2 Moderate Ambient Lighting

D-3.4 LZ3 Moderately High Ambient Lighting

D-3.5 LZ4 High Ambient Lighting

D-3.6 Considerations to Classify an Area at a Lower Lighting Zone

D-3.7 Considerations to Classify an Area at a Higher Lighting Zone

D-4 CONTROL APPROACHES

D-4.1 Manual Switching

D-4.2 Photocontrol

D-4.3 Occupancy Based Controls

D-4.4 Adaptive Lighting

D-5 CONTROL EQUIPMENT

D-5.1 Sensors

D-5.2 Time Clock

D-5.3 Network Control Systems

APPENDIX E LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS

E-1 ANALYSIS METRICS

E-1.1 Net Present Value (NPV) ix

E-1.2 Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

E-1.3 Payback

E-2 MAINTENANCE

APPENDIX F GLOSSARY

FIGURES

Figure 4-1. Example Lighting Zones on a Sample Installation Figure 6-1. Example of controlled lighting: single fence line Figure 6-2. Example of controlled lighting: double fence line Figure 6-3. Example of glare projection: single fence line Figure 6-4. Example of glare projection: double fence line Figure 6-5. CCTV camera’s view of scene with excessive glare Figure B-1. Examples of direct glare Figure B-2. Uniform ceiling brightness Figure B-3. Uniform illuminance Figure B-4. A change in furniture configuration affects the task plane illuminance uniformity Figure B-5. Downlighting only results in spaces feeling dark and “cave-like”. Lighting surfaces improves the feel of the space Figure B-6. Example of the same space with downlighting only (left) and then with improved surface brightness (right) Figure B-7. Coverage Pattern of PIR Sensor Figure B-8. Coverage Pattern of Ultrasonic Sensor Figure B-9. Coverage Pattern of Dual Technology Sensor Figure B-10, Typical Exit Sign Figure C-1. Daylight Control Zones Figure C-2. Daylight Control Zones with Obstructions (Upper Floors) Figure C-3. Daylight Control Zones with Obstructions (Lower Floors) Figure D-1. Los Angeles, 1908 (left), Los Angeles, 2002 (right) Figure D-2. Unshielded and non-cutoff luminaires lead to light pollution Figure D-3. Examples of IES fully shielded luminaires Figure D-4. Uncontrolled light source Figure D-5. Fully shielded or IES fully shielded luminaires (left) are recommended. Do not use unshielded floodlights (right) Figure D-6. Exterior Luminaire BUG Classification x

TABLES

Table 2-1. Interior Control Strategies Table 4-1. Lighting Zones and DoD Applications Table 4-2. Exterior Control Strategies Table 6-1. Minimum Lighting Criteria for Unaided Guard Visual Assessment Table B-1. Summary of Control Strategies and Their Application Table B-2. Recommended Control Devices for Different Building Applications Table B-3. Lighting Control Energy Savings Examples by Application and Control Type

Table B-4. Guide for Using Sensors Table C-1. Summary of Daylight Sensors Table D-1. Exterior Luminaire Distribution Classification Table D-2. NEMA Field Angle Classifications Table D-3. Correlation between BUG Ratings and Cutoff Classifications Table D-4: Exterior Luminaire BUG Classification Key Table E-1: Life Cycle Cost Analysis Example

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1

1-1 BACKGROUND.

Consistent with UFC program requirements, this document integrates unique DOD requirements with Federal mandates and industry standards for high performance lighting, both interior and exterior.

1-2 PURPOSE AND SCOPE.

This UFC provides requirements for the design of interior and exterior lighting systems and controls based on the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America’s (IES) Lighting Handbook Reference and Application, 10th Edition (hereafter called IES Lighting Handbook), Energy Policy Act of 2005, and current recommended practices.

This UFC meets the current IES standard of practice and addresses general lighting requirements for Department of Defense (DoD) facilities.

1-3 APPLICABILITY.

This document applies to all service elements and contractors designing interior or exterior lighting systems for construction, repair, and maintenance projects. This UFC establishes the baseline requirement for:

• Energy Efficiency

• Control strategy

• Lighting level

If not included in this document or facility type criteria, refer to the IES Lighting Handbook.

1-4 GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS.

Comply with UFC 1-200-01, General Building Requirements. UFC 1-200-01 provides applicability of model building codes and government-unique criteria for typical design disciplines and building systems, as well as for accessibility, antiterrorism, security, sustainability, and safety. Use this UFC in addition to UFC 1-200-01 and the UFCs and government criteria referenced therein.

Lighting systems must meet ASHRAE 90.1. Refer to UFC 1-200-02 for publication year of ASHRAE. Note that the requirements of this UFC refer to ASHRAE 90.1-2010. When UFC 1-200-02 adopts a newer publication year of ASHRAE 90.1 it will have precedence over these UFC requirements.

1-5 REFERENCES.

Appendix A contains a list of references used in this document. The publication date of the code or standard is not included in this document. In general, the latest available issuance of the reference is used.

1-6 GLOSSARY.

Appendix F contains acronyms, abbreviations, and terms.

INTERIOR LIGHTING AND CONTROLS CHAPTER 2

2-1 PRIORITIES FOR LIGHTING SYSTEMS.

Design interior lighting systems to reduce energy consumption, reduce maintenance costs, improve lighting quality, at the lowest life cycle cost in DoD facilities.

Energy Reduction. 2-1.1

Reduce energy consumption by using energy efficient technologies, effective illuminance levels, and implementing control strategies.

Maintenance Reduction. 2-1.2

Reduce maintenance by technology selection, reducing equipment quantities, and implementing controls strategies.

Select light sources, power supplies, and controls that are rated and warranted for long useful lives to increase the amount of time between maintenance cycles. Minimize light source types on an individual project. Locate luminaires in locations to improve access for regular servicing such as light source replacement.

Lighting Quality. 2-1.3

Apply the following to ensure the priority of lighting quality is achieved.

2-1.3.1 Direct Glare.

Shield light sources in the luminaires with louvers, perforations, or lenses to avoid a view of the light sources and the resultant direct glare.

2-1.3.2 Reflected Glare.

Avoid reflected glare caused by using bright luminaire components such as visible light sources or bright lenses where they can reflect in the surface of tasks with glossy or specular finishes.

2-1.3.3 Luminances of Room Surfaces.

Illuminate surfaces to control the contrast between the occupant’s task and the surrounding surface in that person’s field of view. Avoid dark backgrounds when a person views a bright computer screen in the foreground. Control high luminance ratios for daylight fenestrations when direct sun is allowed to penetrate.

2-1.3.4 Uniformity.

Uniformly illuminate the task plane as well as room surfaces, to avoid shadows or distracting patterns of light.

2-1.3.5 Shadowing.

Minimize contrast with ambient and task lighting to fill in harsh shadows, especially for work surfaces where people are performing detail oriented tasks.

2-1.3.6 Color Appearance.

Accurately render the color of accent walls, architectural features, and artwork. Use LED, fluorescent, or ceramic metal halide light sources with a high color-rendering index

(CRI).

2-1.3.7 Point(s) of Interest.

Focus attention and provide wayfinding with accent lighting. Create visual interest in special spaces as well as guidance through transitional areas with lighting and accenting signs.

2-1.3.8 Modeling of Faces or Objects.

Include indirect lighting from multiple directions and angles for ambient lighting. Use multiple systems such as sconces, pendants, and wall washers to ensure the proper appearance of three dimensional forms.

2-1.3.9 Source/Task Eye Geometry.

Locate luminaires in response to task areas to avoid shadows and direct and reflected glare.

2-1.3.10 Appearance of Space and Luminaires.

Use creative lighting with aesthetic appearance of the space and of the luminaires for public building areas.

2-1.3.11 Surface Characteristics.

Coordinate with the interior designer to select surface finishes that complement the lighting design.

Life Cycle Cost. 2-1.4

Refer to APPENDIX E for an example of a life cycle cost analysis (LCCA). The LCCA must provide a comparison to LED technology for applications where LED is a viable option. Exclude maintenance costs in all retrofit life cycle cost analyses that cannot be verified.

Select lighting systems on the total ownership cost accounting for the following variables:

• Initial Cost

• Energy Cost

• Demand Cost

• Utility Inflation Rate

• Maintenance (Equipment) Cost

• Maintenance (Labor) Cost (including cleaning of luminaire)

• Maintenance Inflation Rate

• Replacement Cost

• Disposal/Recycling Cost

• Annual Hours of Operation

• Lifetime (all systems must be capitalized twice in the analysis period but not to exceed 40 years.)

Note: For AF projects, For LED applications that do not have built-in failure detection in the luminaire, include labor costs to measure light levels (baseline and 70% output – before the end of the warranty) in the LCCA.

Lighting System Efficiencies. 2-1.5

Increases in Solid State Lighting (SSL)/Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting system efficiencies are \1\ surpassing the /1/ efficiencies of linear fluorescent systems. Analyze the use of LED for interior applications.

2-2 LIGHTING CONTROLS.

Lighting control requirements must meet ASHRAE 90.1, ASHRAE 189.1 and this UFC.

Refer to UFC 1-200-02 for publication year of ASHRAE. Refer to Chapter 3 (Interior Applications) for control requirements. Provide commissioning per ASHRAE requirements. Refer to IES DG-29 for commission guidance for specific applications.

Daylighting Control Requirements. 2-2.1

Control the electric lighting in response to daylight.

• Continuously dim electric light in task oriented areas such as offices, conference rooms, classrooms, or turning it off in non-task areas such as circulation and lounge areas.

• Control primary and secondary daylight zones separately. Refer to APPENDIX C Daylighting Best Practices for additional information.

2-2.1.1 Automated Shading.

When automated shading is provided to control glare and unwanted heat gain from daylighting, coordinate daylighting controls with automated shading controls.

Means of Egress. 2-2.2

Comply with NFPA 101 for the lighting and controls in Means of Egress.

Control Strategies. 2-2.3

Indicate in the contract documents the control strategy for each space in accordance with narrative descriptions in Table 2-1. Refer to Chapter 3 (Interior Applications) for additional information. In normally occupied spaces, control strategies must include a means for the occupant to manually turn the lights on and off.

Do not use occupancy sensors, vacancy sensors, or timers to control luminaires that provide illumination of the work space around electrical service equipment such as switchboards, panelboards, or motor control centers. To reduce energy consumption, luminaires in the adjacent space that do not provide illumination of the work space must be dimmable and controlled by an integrated or separate vacancy sensor. For this application, the luminaires can be dimmed a maximum of 50 percent of full light output and the \1\ dimming /1/ cannot be stepped.

Table 2-1. Interior Control Strategies.

Control Strategy Name Control Strategy Description Manual On/Manual Off Occupant manually turns the lights on upon entering the space and occupant manually turns the lights off when exiting. This approach can only be used when other control strategies cannot be implemented due to operational requirements.

Manual On/Vacancy to 50% Off Occupant manually turns the lights on upon entering the space and upon sensing vacancy, switch or dim luminaires to 50% of full light output.

Manual On/Vacancy Off Occupant manually turns the lights on upon entering the space and upon sensing vacancy, the lights turn off.

Occupancy On/Vacancy Off Occupant enters space and lights automatically turn on to 100% of full light output. Upon sensing vacancy, the lights turn off.

Occupancy 50% On/Manual Adjust/Vacancy Off

Occupant enters space and lights automatically turn on to 50% of full light output. Occupant can manually dim or switch the lights to a higher percentage of full light output. Upon sensing vacancy, the lights turn off.

Occupancy On/Daylight Adjust/Vacancy Off

Occupant enters space and lights automatically turn on to 100% of full light output. When sufficient daylight is available, lights switch or dim to a lower output. Upon sensing vacancy, the lights turn off.

Occupancy 50% On/Daylight Adjust/Vacancy Off

Occupant enters space and lights automatically turn to 50% of full light output. Occupant can manually dim or switch the lights to a higher percentage of full light output. When sufficient daylight is available, lights switch or dim to a lower output. Upon sensing vacancy, the lights turn off.

Timer On/Scene Adjust/Timer Off Lights automatically turn on at a preset time of day. Personnel can manually adjust preset scenes. Lights automatically turn off at a preset time of day.

Timer On/Daylight Adjust/Timer Off Lights automatically turn on at a preset time of day. When sufficient daylight is available, lights switch or dim to a lower output. Lights automatically turn off at a preset time of day.

* Regardless of control strategy, the controls and illumination for the means of egress components must comply with the requirements of NFPA 101.

Network Certification. 2-2.4

\1\ Network /1/ control systems (including systems separate from an energy management control system) must be planned, designed, acquired, executed, and maintained in accordance with DoD Instruction 8500.01 and DoD Instruction 8510.01, and as required by individual Service Implementation Policy. Coordinate wireless networks with base spectrum manager prior to specification in case of restrictions for wireless usage within the installation.

Note: For AF projects, refer to ETL 11-1 for additional requirements.

2-3 DAYLIGHTING.

Refer to UFC 1-200-02 for Daylighting requirements. Coordinate architectural daylight design and lighting contribution into electrical lighting design and control.

Refer to APPENDIX C in this UFC for daylighting best practices.

2-4 EQUIPMENT.

Light Source Technology. 2-4.1

Use a correlated color temperature (CCT) of no greater than 4100K as stated on the manufacturer’s cutsheet for all interior spaces. Do not mix source CCTs within a single building with the purpose of minimizing maintenance staff from having to keep track of specific CCTs. The different CCTs will cause visual confusion. Maintain one CCT source. Use a color rendering index (CRI) of no less than 80 for interior applications.

Note, per ANSI C78.377-2011 standard, nominal CCT of 4000K is 3985K +/-275K for SSL products.

2-4.1.1 Solid State Lighting.

• LED luminaires must be dimmable or capable of multi-level control according to the control strategy.

• \1\ SSL dimmers must be NEMA SSL 7A1 compliant to ensure that the electrical infrastructure is adequate to dim the lamps without flicker or drop outs in dimming range. /1/

• LED light source replacements (screw base) are only permitted for the replacement of incandescent or compact fluorescent light sources.

• IES LM-79, LM-80, and TM-21 testing reports must be supplied from manufacturer and include all relevant information.

1 Department of Energy. Dimming LEDs with Phase-Cut Dimmers: The Specifier’s Process for Maximizing Success.

October 2013.

• Consistent with industry standard, all LED luminaires require a 10-year warranty.

Note: For AF projects, For LED applications, provide built in failure detection in the luminaire or include labor costs to measure light levels (baseline and 70% output -before the end of the warranty) in the LCCA. \2\

2-4.1.1.2 Linear LED Lamps

• \3\/3/

• Do not use linear LED lamps with luminaire conversion kits.

• \3\/3/. /2/ 2-4.1.2 Compact Fluorescent Light (CFL).

• Do not use CFL sources less than 13 watts.

• Do not use u-bent fluorescent light sources.

• Do not use in cold temperature environments (colder than 50 degrees Fahrenheit), except where alternatives such as SSL are unavailable.

2-4.1.3 Linear Fluorescents.

• Do not use T12 light sources.

• Do not use in cold temperature environments (colder than 50 degrees Fahrenheit), except where alternatives such as SSL are unavailable.

2-4.1.4 Induction (Electrodeless Fluorescent).

• All induction light sources must be dimmable.

2-4.1.5 Metal Halide.

• No restrictions.

2-4.1.6 Mercury Vapor.

• Do not use mercury vapor light sources.

2-4.1.7 High and Low Pressure Sodium.

• Do not use for interior applications.

2-4.1.8 Incandescent and Tungsten Halogen.

• Do not use incandescent or tungsten halogen light sources, except where alternatives such as SSL are unavailable.

Ballasts, Drivers, Generators, and Power Supplies. 2-4.2

2-4.2.1 Solid State.

• Total current harmonic distortion (THD) less than or equal to 20% \1\ at full and 50% output. /1/

• Power factor (PF) greater than or equal to 0.9 \1\ at full and 50% output. /1/.

• For current and future dimming requirements (i.e. smart grid, curfew, adaptive), use dimmable or bi-level drivers compatible with standard dimming control circuit of 0-10V. Other dimming protocols must comply with Network Certification requirements.

2-4.2.2 Linear Fluorescent.

• Provide dimmable or bi-level ballasts in spaces.

• Use programmed start ballasts with end of life protection.

• NEMA premium electronic ballasts must be specified where applicable.

• Do not use instant start ballasts.

2-4.2.3 Compact Fluorescent.

• Provide dimmable ballasts.

• Provide programmed start ballasts for compact fluorescent light sources that include end of life protection.

2-4.2.4 High Intensity Discharge.

• Power factor (PF) greater than or equal to 0.9.

• Provide electronic ballasts for all available wattages.

Surge Protection Device (SPD). 2-4.3

• Provide metal oxide varistor (MOV) type SPDs at panel boards for all circuits feeding interior lighting systems.

2-5 ELECTRICAL ENERGY MONITORING.

For new construction of buildings greater than 25,000 SF (2,322 m2), terminate lighting branch circuits in dedicated lighting panelboards.

2-6 ELEVATORS.

Provide lighting for elevators in accordance with ASME A17.1 or ASME A17.3 as applicable.

2-7 ILLUMINATION FOR MEANS OF EGRESS.

Provide in accordance with NFPA 101.

Emergency Lighting. 2-7.1

• Emergency lighting units must be LED for new construction. It is not life cycle cost effective to replace existing units.

• Install emergency lighting equipment in conspicuous and accessible locations to facilitate the periodic testing requirements.

Exit Signs. 2-7.2

• Internally illuminated signs must be LED type and comply with UFC 3-600-01.

\1\

2-8 LIGHTING SYSTEM ALTERATIONS.

Lighting system alterations must meet AHSRAE 90.1 and this UFC. ASHRAE 90.1 states that the alteration of lighting systems in any building space or exterior area must comply with the lighting power density (LPD) requirements applicable to that space or area and the automatic shutoff requirements. Such alterations include all luminaires that are added, replaced or removed. This requirement must also be met for alterations that involve only the replacement of lamps plus ballasts.

Most spaces require less illuminance with modern tasks than were required when the existing lighting systems were installed. Therefore, to maximize long term energy and sustainment savings and to improve the lighting quality in existing spaces, designers must first consider a redesign before luminaire replacement, conversion or retrofit. This includes the implementation of controls which will provide long term energy and sustainment savings. Refer to LEM-3 IES Guidelines for Upgrading Lighting Systems in Commercial and Institutional Spaces for additional information. All lighting systems alterations must be supported by a Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) in accordance with

UFC 1-200-02.

LIGHTING SYSTEM ALTERATION PRIORITIES. 2-8.1

Lighting system alteration priorities are the same as a new system:

1. Reduce energy through technology selection, providing appropriate illuminance levels and implementing control strategies.

2. Reduce maintenance through reduction in equipment quantities (luminaires), technology selection and implementing control strategies.

3. Improve lighting quality through technology selection, improved photometric distribution, and glare reduction. /1/

REDESIGN. 2-8.2

Redesign includes new luminaires, circuits, and controls designed to meet current lighting criteria \1\/1/. The design must ensure reduced energy consumption, reduced maintenance, and improved lighting quality at the lowest life cycle cost. \1\/1/ Redesign lighting systems when the existing:

• Illuminance levels are too low or too high

• Lighting produces \1\ excessive /1/ glare

• Lighting does not illuminate perimeter surfaces (in offices) or shelving (in warehouses and storage)

• Luminaire layout produces uneven illumination

• Luminaire spacing is too wide, or partition height obstructs light distribution

• Luminaires (or luminaire layout) is not appropriate because the tasks or physical layout of the space has changed

• Luminaires are in poor condition

• Hazards are present

\1\

LUMINAIRE REPLACEMENT AND CONVERSION. 2-8.3

Luminaire replacement or conversion may only extend the life of deficient or substandard systems. Therefore, a luminaire replacement or conversion is only acceptable when the resulting illuminance level, glare, distribution and controls meet the current criteria, is supported by the LCCA, and complies with the following:

1. Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) of not greater than 4100K as stated on the manufacturer’s data sheet

2. Color Rendering Index (CRI) of not less than 80

3. Total current Harmonic Distortion (THD) less than or equal to 20% at full and 50% output

4. Power Factor (PF) greater than or equal to 0.9 at full and 50% output

5. Inrush current meets NEMA 410

6. Compatible with NEMA SSL 7A dimmers and dimming systems

7. If existing luminaires are on a dimmer or dimming system, provide a compatible dimmer or dimmer system. Dimmer or dimming systems must be NEMA SSL 7A compliant to ensure that the electrical infrastructure is adequate to dim the light source without flicker or drop outs within the dimming range.

8. Submittals must contain:

a. Product Data

i. IESNA LM-79, Approved Method for the Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid-State Lighting Products. Test report must include a picture of the fixture tested.

ii. IESNA LM-80, Approved Method for Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources Test Report

iii. IESNA TM-21, Projecting Long Term Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources calculation based on the IESNA LM-80 data.

iv. Certification from the manufacturer indicating compliance with

NEMA 410.

v. Photometric Plan: Computer generated photometric analysis of the designed-to values for the “end of useful life” of the lighting system based on IESNA LM-79 data.

2-8.3.1 Luminaire Conversion Kit.

Luminaire conversion kit is a system that replaces the existing luminaire components to include the ballast, lamp, reflector, wiring and the diffusers when required. Direct replacement of an incandescent, fluorescent, induction, or HID lamp to LED lamp, without any electrical or mechanical changes, is not considered to be a luminaire conversion. In addition, luminaire conversion kits must meet the following:

1. UL 1598C Standard for Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Retrofit Luminaire Conversion Kits. UL1598 kits are intended to replace existing light sources and systems in previously installed luminaires that comply with the requirements in the Standard for Luminaires, UL 1598. UL 1598C kits are intended for use on:

a. Luminaires where specific luminaire model or part numbers are identified in the kit installation instructions; or

b. One or more generic type luminaires that meet specific criteria identified in the installation kit instructions

2. Minimum efficacy of 120 lumens per watt

3. Lumen depreciation greater than or equal to L70 at 50,000 hours

4. Resulting system must produce light levels equivalent to the existing system or meet the lighting levels required in the current criteria

5. Additional submittals that must be provided:

a. Product Data:

i. IESNA LM-79, Approved Method for the Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid-State Lighting Products Test report for each existing fixture type to be converted with the luminaire conversion kit to be provided. Test report must include a picture of the fixture tested.

b. Warranty:

i. Written five year unconditional warranty for material. Material warranty shall include replacement when more than 10% of LED sources are defective or non-starting, when the light output of the lamp drops below 70% of the initial lumens, or when there is a noticeable color shift.

LIGHT SOURCE RETROFIT. 2-8.4

Light source retrofit; sometimes referred to as a direct replacement, is a system designed in the same form factor as the existing light source intended to replace the existing light source within the luminaire. An example is a linear LED lamp, sometimes referred to as tubular LED (TLED) that is a direct replacement for a linear fluorescent lamp.

As with luminaire replacement or conversion, a light source retrofit may only extend the life of deficient or substandard system. Do not use LED retrofit light sources or LED lighting modules that have been designed and constructed to be installed in existing HID or mercury vapor luminaire enclosures. LED retrofits are approved for replacement of CFL or incandescent sources (A-Type lamp replacements with Edison bases).

Warning: inserting a LED retrofit in an existing luminaire may void the luminaire’s warranty. \3\ Linear LED lamp retrofits are allowed /3/ with the following criteria:

1. Underwriters Laboratories (UL) \3\ 1993 /3/ Type A Certification.

a. Type A is designed to operate with the existing fluorescent ballast and does not require mechanical or electrical changes to the fixture. Dual Mode Lamps (UL Type A/Type B) designed to operate off the existing fluorescent ballast and line voltage are not acceptable.

2. Compatible with existing ballast type. Do not bypass or remove the ballast of the existing luminaire. \3\ If the linear LED lamps are not compatible with the existing ballast, the existing ballast may be replaced with a compatible fluorescent lamp ballast suitable for ASHRAE 90.1 compliant lighting controls. /3/

3. Be manufactured within one year of installation

4. Dimmable

5. Frosted or diffuse-optic with a minimum beam angle of 180 degrees

6. Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) of not greater than 4100K as stated on the manufacturer’s data sheet

7. Color Rendering Index (CRI) of not less than 80

8. Total current Harmonic Distortion (THD) less than or equal to 20% at full and 50% output

9. Power Factor (PF) greater than or equal to 0.9 at full and 50% output

10. Minimum efficacy of 100 lumens per watt

11. Lumen depreciation greater than or equal to L70 at 40,000 hours

12. Resulting system must produce light levels equivalent to the existing system or meet the lighting levels required in the current criteria.

13. Additional submittals that must be provided:

a. Product Data:

i. IESNA LM-79, Approved Method for the Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid-State Lighting Products Test report for each existing fixture type being retrofitted with the linear LED lamp to be provided. Test report must include a picture of the fixture tested.

b. Warranty:

i. Written five year unconditional warranty for material. Material warranty shall include replacement when more than 10% of LED sources are defective or non-starting, when the light output of the lamp drops below 70% of the initial lumens, or when there is a noticeable color shift. /1/

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INTERIOR APPLICATIONS CHAPTER 3

3-1 INTRODUCTION.

This chapter identifies typical interior facility applications. Each application details a conceptual lighting design example. The requirements for each application are for general ambient lighting. Coordinate accent and specialty lighting with architect and interior designer.