(OLY) Seed TO 1 Matheny Creek Culvert Replacement_FRS 2100 MP 6.9_060123.pdf

Solicitation No:

Matheny Creek AOP Culvert Replacement Project - FSR 2100 MP 6.9

Table of Contents

PART I – THE SCHEDULE

SECTION A—PROJECT GENERAL INFORMATION

A.1 CONTACT INFORMATION:

A.2 THE GOVERNMENT REQUIRES PERFORMANCE OF THE WORK DESCRIBED

IN THESE DOCUMENTS

PART I—THE SCHEDULE

SECTION B--SUPPLIES OR SERVICES AND PRICES/COSTS

B.1 SCHEDULE OF ITEMS

B.2 SCHEDULE NOTES

SECTION C--DESCRIPTION/SPECIFICATIONS/STATEMENT OF WORK

C.1 SCOPE OF CONTRACT

C.2 PROJECT LOCATION

C.3 MAGNITUDE OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

C.4 AVAILABILITY OF SPECIFICATIONS OR PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONS NOT

LISTED IN THE GSA INDEX OF FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS (FAR

52.210-3) (APR 1984)

C.5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

C.6 ATTACHMENTS TO STATEMENT OF WORK/SPECIFICATIONS (AGAR 452.211-

73) (FEB 1988)

SECTION D--PACKAGING AND MARKING

SECTION E--INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE

SECTION F--DELIVERIES OR PERFORMANCE

F.1 CLAUSES

F.2 OTHER REQUIREMENTS

SECTION G--CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION DATA

G.1 CLAUSES

G.2 GOVERNMENT-FURNISHED PROPERTY

SECTION H--SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS

H.1 SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION

H.2 EMERGENCY CONTROL (USDA 452.236-77) (JUL 1985) MAINTENANCE OF

EXISTING FACILITIES

H.3 LANDSCAPE PRESERVATION EROSION CONTROL MEASURES

H.4 SPECIAL EQUIPMENT CLEANING REQUIREMENTS

H.14 USE OF PREMISES

PART II--CONTRACT CLAUSES

SECTION I--CONTRACT CLAUSES

I.1 CLAUSES ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

I-2 PHYSICAL DATA (FAR 52.236-4)(APR 1984)

PART III--LIST OF DOCUMENTS, EXHIBITS, AND OTHER ATTACHMENTS

SECTION J--LIST OF ATTACHMENTS

J.1 ATTACHMENTS

PART IV--REPRESENTATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS

SECTION K--REPRESENTATIONS, CERTIFICATIONS, AND

OTHER STATEMENTS OF OFFERORS OR RESPONDENTS

SECTION L--INSTRUCTIONS, CONDITIONS, AND NOTICES TO OFFERORS OR

RESPONDENTS

L-1 SITE VISIT (FAR 52.236-27)(CONSTRUCTION) (FEB 1995)

L.2 SOLICITATION IN ADVANCE OF FUNDING ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.

SECTION M--EVALUATION FACTORS FOR AWARD

M.1 PROPOSAL EVALUATION

PART I – THE SCHEDULE

SECTION A—PROJECT GENERAL INFORMATION

A.1 CONTACT INFORMATION:

Doug Bladek 509-684-7239

COR/Technical Contact Telephone No.

A.2 THE GOVERNMENT REQUIRES PERFORMANCE OF THE WORK DESCRIBED IN THESE

DOCUMENTS

FY23 NFSR 2100 MP 6.90 Culvert Replacement Pacific Ranger District Olympic National Forest Jefferson County

PART I—THE SCHEDULE

SECTION B--SUPPLIES OR SERVICES AND PRICES/COSTS

B.1 SCHEDULE OF ITEMS

ITEM

NO. ITEM DESCRIPTION

MEASUREMENT

QTY UNIT

PRICE TOTAL COST

METHOD UNIT

15101 Mobilization LSQ Lump Sum All $ $

15211 Construction Survey and Staking, Method 1, Tolerance A LSQ Lump

Sum All $ $

15401 Contractor Testing LSQ Lump Sum All $ $

15713 Soil Erosion & Pollution Control LSQ Lump Sum All $ $

20301 Removal Of Existing Corrugated Steel Culvert, Disposal Method (A)

LSQ Lump Sum ALL $ $

20302 Removal Of Existing Jersey Barriers LSQ Lump

Sum All $ $

20304 Removal Of Existing Asphalt Concrete Pavement, Disposal Method (A)

CQ Square Yard 1040 $ $

20803 Culvert Backfill, Compaction Method 1 (Contractor Furnished) CQ Cubic

Yard 600 $ $

20858 Structure Excavation LSQ Lump Sum All $ $

25101 Placed Riprap, Class 2, Method A (Contractor Furnished) CQ Cubic

Yard 100 $ $

26105 Stabilization Geogrid CQ Square Yard 1040 $ $

27201 Geocell Footing Stabilization, 6" Depth CQ Square

Yard 142 $ $

30209

3/4" Minus Crushed Aggregate, Base, Compaction Method 2 (Contractor Furnished)

CQ

Ton

210 $ $

30210

2-1/2" Minus Crushed Aggregate, Subbase, Compaction Method 1 (Contractor

Ton

440 $ $

40301 Asphalt Concrete, Type 1 CQ Ton 165 $ $

55217 Precast Concrete Member, Culvert Footing AQ Linear

Foot 194 $ $

62201 Equipment Rental, Hydraulic Excavator with Thumb CQ Hour 16 $ $

62202 Equipment Rental, Large Dump Truck CQ Hour 16 $ $

60303 16'-0" Span X 8'-4" Rise Corrugated Steel Structural Plate Arch, 0.140" Thickness

AQ Linear Foot 96 $ $

62504 Seeding, Dry Method LSQ Lump Sum All $ $

63401 Pavement Markings, 4" Wide Single Line, White Epoxy CQ Linear

Foot 720 $ $

64801

Placed Streambed Simulation Material Bed Class 4, Method A (Contractor Furnished)

Cubic Yard

60 $ $

64803

Placed Channel Rock for Bank Margins, Class Cr-1, Method A (Contractor

Cubic Yard

110 $ $

64805 Placed Channel Rock Structures, Class Cr- 1, Method A (Contractor Furnished)

CQ Cubic Yard 25 $ $

TOTAL COST $

B.2 SCHEDULE NOTE

1. AQ = Actual Quantities, CQ = Design (Contract) Quantities, LSQ = Lump Sum Quantities

2. Road construction equipment must be cleaned prior to entering the work area. Cleaning of this equipment is incidental to pay item 15101.

3. Payment for bond premiums in accordance with Clause 52.232-5, Payments under Fixed-Price

Construction Contracts, shall not be in addition to the contract price. Include bond payments under

151.01 Mobilization.

4. Payments will be made on actual work performed as described in FP-14 109.01 unless otherwise noted.

SECTION C--DESCRIPTION/SPECIFICATIONS/STATEMENT OF WORK

C.1 SCOPE OF CONTRACT

Matheny Ck AOP Culvert Replacement, FSR 2100 mp 6.9, consists of the following major items of work: clearing and grubbing, asphalt removal, removal of a roadway fill and existing culvert, installing a new 16'-0" span X 8'-4" rise corrugated steel structural plate arch, 0.140" thickness (including all bedding material), suitable borrow screening and sorting, constructing a new roadway fill with a riprap headwall, rock stabilized slope, supplying & installing new roadway surfacing asphalt, compaction testing, haul of excavated material & borrow and seeding and mulching.

C.2 PROJECT LOCATION

The site, a tributary to Matheny Creek, is located on NFSR 2100 milepost 6.9, in the Olympic National Forest, approximately 17 miles west and north of Amanda Park, WA near Lake Quinault, see map at end of document. 47.563579°, -124.038627°

C.3 MAGNITUDE OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

The Government’s estimate is between $500,000 and $1,000,000.

C.4 AVAILABILITY OF SPECIFICATIONS OR PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONS NOT LISTED IN

THE GSA INDEX OF FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS

(FAR 52.210-3) (APR 1984)

Specifications or product descriptions cited herein, but not attached to this solicitation nor listed in the General Services Administration Index of Federal Specifications and Standards (GSAIFSS), may be obtained from:

Specification Address Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects FP-14 U.S. Customary Units

Research & Technology Product Distribution Center Report.center@dot.gov 814-239-1160 https://highways.dot.gov/federal-lands/specs

ASTM Standards American Society for Testing and Materials P.O. Box C700 100 Bar Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 (610) 832-9585 http://www.astm.org AASHTO Standards American Association of State Highway and

Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street, NW Suite 249 Washington, D.C., 20001

(206) 624- 5800 http://www.aashto.org

C.5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

(a) Applicable Specifications References to Standard Specifications in the contract refer to the Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects FP-14 U.S. Customary Units.

Specifications not on the list but referenced by other Standard Specifications, shall also be applicable to this document.

The Forest Service Supplemental Specifications to the FP-14 are also given on the Specification List and are physically attached in Section J. All requirements contained on the Specification List are hereby made a part of this solicitation and any resultant contract.

(b) Product Substitution

Any modification of other items, designs, materials, products, or equipment (including Government-Furnished Property), made necessary because of a substitution, will be the responsibility of the Contractor without adjustment in contract price or time. The Contracting Officer's approval of any substitute will not affect the Contractor's responsibility for such modification. Any and all substitutions shall be requested by the Contractor only after award of the contract has been made. No approvals will be made prior to award.

mailto:Report.center@dot.gov http://www.astm.org/ http://www.aashto.org/

(c) Shop Drawings Submittals The following shop drawings shall be submitted on this project (4 sets unless noted):

Title Referenced by Specification No.

Time Allowed for Govt.

Review After Submittal

16'-0" span X 8'-4" rise corrugated steel structural plate arch, including precast concrete structures

60210 15 days

(d) Material Certification, Testing Reports and Submittals

All submittals are listed in Forest Service Supplemental Specification 153 Contractor Quality Controls

(e) General Guidelines for Submittals

Submittals are required by their corresponding specifications (basic reference & detailed requirement). Work covered on requiring submittals shall not begin until submittals have been approved.

Submittals shall include the following:

• Date and Revision Dates.

• Project Name and Contract Number.

• Names of Contractor, Subcontractor, Supplier, and Manufacturers.

• Field Dimensions and Relation to Adjacent Structures.

• Contractor's stamp, initialed or signed, certifying review of submittal, verification of field measurement and compliance with contract documents.

Samples:

Physical samples shall illustrate materials, equipment, or workmanship, and establish standards by which completed work shall be judged. Samples shall be of sufficient size and quantity to illustrate the functional characteristics of product or material, with integrally related parts and devices.

Manufacturer's requirements:

Supply manufacturer's catalog sheets or brochures with diagrams, schedules, or performance charts.

Illustrations shall be clearly marked to identify pertinent materials or models, dimensions, and clearances required. Supplement standard drawings to provide information unique to this project.

Approval or Rejection Time Allowance:

Submittals will be reviewed and either approved or rejected within 14, calendar days of their receipt by the Contracting Officer or COR.

C.6 ATTACHMENTS TO STATEMENT OF WORK/SPECIFICATIONS (AGAR 452.211-73)

(FEB 1988)

The attachments to the Statement of Work/Specifications, listed in Section J, are hereby made part of this solicitation and any resultant contract.

SECTION D--PACKAGING AND MARKING

(Refer to Base IDIQ for Applicable Clauses and Terms)

SECTION E--INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE

SECTION F--DELIVERIES OR PERFORMANCE

F.1 CLAUSES

52.211-10 Commencement, Prosecution, and Completion of Work (APR 1984) The Contractor shall be required to (a) commence work under this contract within _30__ calendar days after the date the Contractor receives the notice to proceed, (b) prosecute the work diligently, and (c) complete the entire work ready for use not later than _120 days_. The time stated for completion shall include final cleanup of the premises.

F.2 OTHER REQUIREMENTS

MAXIMUM WORKWEEK – CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE (AGAR 452.236-75)

(NOV 1996)

(a) Within 14 working days after receipt of the notice to proceed, the Contractor must submit the preliminary progress schedule (as required by FAR clause 52.236-15, Schedules for Construction Contracts)in writing for approval. The progress schedule shall show the sequence in which the contractor proposes to perform the work, and the dates on which the contractor plans to start and finish major portions of the work, including dates for shop drawings and other submittals, and for acquiring materials and equipment.

The scheduling of construction is the responsibility of the Contractor and is included in the contract to assure adequate planning and execution of the work. The schedule will be used to evaluate progress of the work for payment. The schedule shall show the Contractor’s planned order and interdependence of activities, and sequence of work.

Contractor shall utilize and comply with the Progress Schedule. As directed by the CO, Contractor shall submit an updated Progress Schedule at its own expense indicating actual progress. If, in the opinion of the CO, Contractor is not in conformance with the Progress Schedule, Contractor shall take such steps as are necessary to bring the actual completion dates of its work activities into conformance with the Progress Schedule, and if directed by the CO, Contractor shall submit a corrective action plan or revise the Progress Schedule to reconcile with the actual progress of the work.

(b) The hours (including the daily starting and stopping times) and days of the week the Contractor proposed to carry out the work.

The maximum workweek that will be approved for daytime work is Monday through Friday, 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.; with 30-minute delays and a minimum open period of no less than 10 minutes.

Any proposed nighttime work can be done with a full, and continuous, road closure from 9:00 p.m.

to 4:00 a.m. on Sunday night, Monday night, Tuesday night, Wednesday night or Thursday night.

The road must be open, and unrestricted in both directions, from Friday night through Sunday evening.

SECTION G--CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION DATA

G.1 CLAUSES

452.215-73 Post Award Conference (NOV 1996) A post award conference with the successful offeror is required. It will be scheduled and held within _15___days after the date of contract award. The conference will be held via Microsoft Teams.

G.2 GOVERNMENT-FURNISHED PROPERTY

Property to be Furnished Delivery Point Time of Delivery None None None

SECTION H--SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS

H.1 SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION

CULVERT DESIGN

The Contractor shall provide for review and comment, complete designs to the C.O. in accordance with Part II Section C.4. Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that all materials and procedures used during construction comply with the design.

DISPOSAL OF EXISTING STRUCTURES

Existing structures found within the excavation limits shall become the property of the Contractor and Disposed of off-site in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations.

H.2 EMERGENCY CONTROL (USDA 452.236-77) (JUL 1985) MAINTENANCE OF EXISTING

FACILITIES

The Contractor shall conduct his operations to minimize disruptions to the Government employees and public using the existing facilities.

H.3 LANDSCAPE PRESERVATION EROSION CONTROL MEASURES

(a) Contractor shall minimize sediment laden water from entering the stream. Install check dams and sediment fences as necessary to minimize the entry of silt-laden water into streams or other water bodies.

(b) Dewater any live streams prior to culvert removal or other in stream work.

(c) Mulch all disturbed areas within 7 days of completing the project.

LANDSCAPE PRESERVATION

(a) The Contractor shall confine operations to within the clearing limits or other areas designated in contract documents, and prevent the depositing of rocks, excavated materials, stumps, or other debris outside of these limits. Material which falls outside of these limits shall be retrieved, disposed of, or incorporated in the work as directed by the Contracting Officer, and damage to vegetation or structures outside the clearing limits shall be repaired as directed by the Contracting Officer.

(b) The Contractor shall receive written approval from the CO prior to removing any conifer tree larger than 18 inches in dimeter at breast height (measured 4.5 feet above the adjacent ground surface).

(c) Operations shall be scheduled and conducted to minimize erosion of soils and to prevent silting and muddying of streams, rivers, irrigation systems, and impoundments (lakes, reservoirs, etc.).

(d) Pollutants such as fuels, lubricants, bitumen, raw sewage, and other harmful materials shall not be discharged into or near rivers, streams, and impoundments or into natural or manmade channels leading thereto. Wash water or waste from concrete or aggregate operations shall not be allowed to enter live steams prior to treatment by filtration, settling, or other means sufficient to reduce the sediment content to not more than that of the stream into which it is discharged.

(e) Mechanized equipment shall not be operated in live streams without written approval by the Contracting Officer.

(f) Prevention of Oil Spills – If the Contractor maintains storage facilities for oil or oil products on project Area, appropriate preventive measures shall be taken to ensure that any spill of such oil or oil products does not enter any stream or other waters of the United States or any of the individual states.

(g) If the total oil or oil products storage exceeds 1,320 gallons or if any single container exceeds a capacity of 660 gallons, the Contractor shall prepare a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) Plan. Such plan shall meet applicable EPA requirements (40 CFR 112) including certification by a registered professional engineer.

H.4 SPECIAL EQUIPMENT CLEANING REQUIREMENTS

CLEANING OF EQUIPMENT CLEANING OF OFF-ROAD EQUIPMENT

Cleaning of all off-road equipment used by the Contractor for contract work shall be conducted outside the boundary of any National Forest Service land prior to moving each piece of equipment onto the project. The Contractor shall notify the Forest Service prior to moving each piece of equipment onto the project. Upon request from the Forest Service, arrangement shall be made for Forest Service to inspect each piece of equipment prior to it being placed into service. The Contractor shall use cleaning methods necessary to ensure equipment is free of all attached mud, dirt, and plant parts. If noxious weeds are present at a project site, cleaning may also be required before moving between locations within the same project. These measures will assist to prevent the introduction/spread of the seeds of noxious weeds onto National Forest land. The Contractor shall certify in writing, compliance with the above requirements.

“Off-road Equipment” includes all machinery other than lowboys, chip vans, pickup trucks or vehicles used to transport personnel on a daily basis.

H.14 USE OF PREMISES

(a) Camping Forest Service Regulations for Use of Campground prohibits occupancy of developed recreation sites for other than primarily recreation purposes. One camp unit will be allowed at the project site for use by a watchman.

(b) Storage A storage site will be permitted at a designated site within the project area. The Forest Service assumes no liability for materials stored within the storage site. The Contractor will be allowed to erect a temporary fence to secure materials and equipment; however, the fence shall be removed, and the site restored prior to final acceptance of the contract.

(c) Temporary Electrical When the Contractor’s operations require a temporary electrical power distribution system, the system shall comply with the National Electrical Code, applicable local codes and utility regulations.

The Contractor shall make all arrangements with the serving utility for temporary power and shall pay the serving utility for all applicable fees and power consumed.

(d) Sanitary Facilities Potable water and sanitary facilities are not available for use during construction.

(e) Authorized Roads

The Contractor is authorized to use roads that are part of the construction project and those Forest Service Roads designated below for performance of work under this contract.

*Federal regulations contained in 36 CFR 261.12. These regulations prohibit use of vehicles or equipment in excess of State legal highway loads or posted limits without valid State and Forest Service overload permits, damaging a road while using it, and blocking a road open to use by others, except as may be otherwise provided in the contract.

Load Limits - All vehicles and equipment shall not exceed State legal highway loads and widths or posted limits without valid State and Forest Service overload permits. Forest Service overload permit application forms for this project may be obtained from the COR. Submit an overload permit application for approval 30 days prior to the planned activity.

PART II--CONTRACT CLAUSES

SECTION I--CONTRACT CLAUSES

I-2 PHYSICAL DATA (FAR 52.236-4)(APR 1984)

Data and information furnished or referred to below is for the Contractor's information. The Government shall not be responsible for any interpretation of, or conclusion drawn from the data or information by the Contractor.

a) Existing Conditions The indications of existing conditions on the drawings and specifications are the result of on-site facilities inspections, and reviews of incomplete construction and maintenance records.

b) Weather Conditions Weather conditions suitable for ground excavation are normally expected in July through November.

Rain, sometimes heavy, is normal throughout the winter, with periods of light to moderate snowfall.

Night freezing is common throughout the winter and several periods of weeklong freezes are likely.

c) Operating Season Inclusive dates during which operations are permissible are as follows:

Activity Start Date

End Date Restrictions

Construction Season 06/01 09/30 All construction activities must be completed by 09/30/2024

Hand Tools 06/01 09/30 Power Tools / 2 Chainsaws 06/01 09/30 Machinery / Car Traffic 06/01 09/30 Heavy Machinery 06/01 09/30

Time of Day Restriction

06/01

09/30

Operations restricted to between 2 hours after sunrise and 2 hours before sunset

In-Stream Work Dates 06/15 09/30

INDUSTRIAL FIRE PRECAUTION LEVELS

The Contractor shall comply with the operations restrictions in accordance with the Washington State Industrial Fire Precaution Level (IFPL) system as defined by Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 332-24-301. The IFPL system is used to help prevent wildfires by regulating work in the woods during the summer fire season. Contractor shall also comply with applicable spark emitting equipment requirements detailed in WAC 332-24-405.

The US Forest Service and the Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR) use the four-level industrial regulation system.

IFPL Precaution Levels:

Level I Closed Fire Season Fire equipment and fire watch service is required.

Level II Partial Hoot Owl Limits certain activities to between the hours of

8 p.m. and 1 p.m.

Level III Partial Shutdown Prohibits some activities altogether and limits other activities to between the hours of 8 p.m. and 1 p.m.

Level IV General Shutdown All operations prohibited.

Operation: Power Saws:

Precaution Level Landing Tractor/Skidder Other Woods Saws I. Closed Season Fire Watch Fire Watch Fire Watch II. Partial Hoot Owl Fire Watch Hoot Owl Hoot Owl III. Partial Shutdown Hoot Owl Hoot Owl Prohibited IV. General Shutdown Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited

Other Operations Precaution Level Loading Blasting Welding I. Closed Season Fire Watch Fire Watch Fire Watch II. Partial Hoot Owl Fire Watch Hoot Owl Hoot Owl III. Partial Shutdown Hoot Owl Hoot Owl Hoot Owl IV. General Shutdown Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited

PART III--LIST OF DOCUMENTS, EXHIBITS, AND OTHER

ATTACHMENTS

SECTION J--LIST OF ATTACHMENTS

J.1 ATTACHMENTS

Title Pages

1. FSR 2100 MP 6.9 Standard Specifications 83

2. NFSR 2100 6.90 Maps, Plans/Drawings 15

3. Fire Plan - Industrial Fire Precautions Schedule/Level (IFPL) 7

4. DOL Wage Determination WA20230001 MOD 02032023 47

PART IV--REPRESENTATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS

SECTION K--REPRESENTATIONS, CERTIFICATIONS, AND

OTHER STATEMENTS OF OFFERORS OR RESPONDENTS

SECTION L--INSTRUCTIONS, CONDITIONS, AND NOTICES TO OFFERORS

OR RESPONDENTS

(The Below Clauses and Terms are Supplemental to the Base IDIQ)

L-1 SITE VISIT (FAR 52.236-27)(CONSTRUCTION) (FEB 1995)

(a) The clauses at 52.236-2, Differing Site Conditions, and 52.236-3, Site Investigations and

Conditions Affecting the Work, will be included in any contract awarded as a result of this solicitation. Accordingly, offerors or quoters are urged and expected to inspect the site where the work will be performed.

(b) No pre-bid or site visit is planned. Site visits may be arranged during normal duty hours by contacting COR (Doug Bladek).

SECTION M--EVALUATION FACTORS FOR AWARD

M.1 PROPOSAL EVALUATION

Evaluation will be conducted in accordance with FAR 15.305 Proposal Evaluation as supplemented by information in this solicitation. The government will evaluate proposals and assess their relative qualities solely on the evaluation factors specified in this solicitation.

This solicitation serves as a seed task order in conjunction with the 2023 Road Construction Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) contract. Due to the technical evaluations being accomplished at the IDIQ level, the sole evaluation criteria for this solicitation is price.

Factor 1. Price

The proposed price will be evaluated for reasonableness in accordance with FAR 15.404-1(b).

Note: All offerors must be able to meet the bonding requirements.