GPI-21_NAVSEAOP5_VOLUME1.pdf

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Enclosure (1)

ABSTRACT OF SIGNIFICANT CHANGES

1. Revised paragraph 1-3.4.1 to reflect current DDESB Service-level Explosives Safety Management Program (ESMP) evaluation process reviews.

2. Expanded the list of Waiver and Exemption endorsers in Table 1-1.

3. Revised paragraph 5-5 to address expanded testing requirements for new primary and secondary ground girdles.

4. Added paragraphs 5-5.3.1A through 5-5.3.1A.3 to address criteria for Ordnance Shade Structures, including test parameters.

5. Revised paragraph 6-3.1 to allow evacuation from facilities not protected by a lightning protection system to public traffic route distance, based on overpressure only.

6. Revised paragraphs 7-7.4.1, 7-7.4.2.e, and G-8.5 to reflect new criteria for preventing second degree burns from exposure to thermal fluxes.

7. Revised paragraph 7-9.2.1.k and Table 7-13, requiring separation distances to be measured both ways between magazines and explosive operating facilities, unless the magazine is listed as a “service magazine”.

8. Added paragraph 7-13.3.1 to address Security Response Facilities that support DoD S-5210.41-M-V1 mission requirements for security of nuclear weapons.

9. Added paragraph 7-13.21 to address siting criteria for Renewable Energy Source Generation equipment (i.e., wind turbines, solar panels).

10. Revised paragraph 8-2.5.1.2.a to align the wording with DoDM 6055.09-M, allowing barricade placement anywhere between explosive and exposed sites.

11. Modified paragraphs 11-1.5 and 11-1.5.1 to clarify that Material Documented as Safe (MDAS) requirements apply to empty containers at the time of release, shipment, or issue, and applicable exceptions to the requirements.

12. Revised paragraphs 12-10.1.1.a and 12-10.1.1.b to reference paragraph 7-10.c, correcting a previous reference error.

13. Added sub-paragraph 13-3.2.2 for reduced arcs during the use of Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Water Disruption Tools, without the need for barricades.

14. Revised paragraph 13-15.1.3, stating that Material Potentially Presenting an Explosive Hazard (MPPEH) is considered to pose an explosive hazard and that written procedures must be developed and maintained for all MPPEH operations.

15. Revised paragraph 13-15.2, clarifying the DoD requirement that all MPPEH must be classified as MDAS or Material Documented as an Explosive Hazard (MDEH), prior to transfer within, or release from, DON control.

16. Revised paragraphs 13-15.5 and 13-15.8.4 to clarify that Traceable Type I/II seals can be used to prevent co-mingling of MPPEH, MDAS, and MDEH.

17. Revised paragraph 13-15.8.1.b to reflect DoDI 4140.62 signatory requirements for MDAS documentation, and proper MDAS certification requirement for material proposed by NOSSA- and DDESB-approved technical methods.

18. Modified paragraph 13-15.10.3 to address current Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) paperwork requirements for MDAS and to verify that DON and DLA MDAS certification requirements are now the same.

19. Revised paragraph 13-15.12 to include criteria for the safe movement of Munitions and Explosives of Concern (MEC) and MPPEH.

20. Revised paragraphs 13-15.12.2 and 14-8.1.2 to address correct references to “public traffic routes”.

21. Revised paragraph 13-15.14 to clarify that all empty containers transferred within, or released from, DON control must be certified as MDAS or MDEH, unless they are specifically exempted in paragraph 11-1.5.1.

22. Revised the definition in Appendix A for Explosives Hazardous Waste to be consistent with Resource, Conservation, and Recovery Act (RCRA) characteristics of reactivity criteria.

23. Revised Appendix D to include all web-based training options.

NAVSEA OP 5 VOLUME 1

0640-LP-102-8253 SEVENTH REVISION

AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES

SAFETY ASHORE

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT C

Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors;

administrative/operational use; 15 January 2001. Other requests for this document must be referred to the Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (NOSSA) (N5).

WARNING

This document contains technical data that is subject to the Arms Export

Control Act, 22 USC Sec. 2751 et. seq. and is protected from release by 10 USC Sec. 130.

Violations of these laws are subject to severe criminal penalties.

DESTRUCTION NOTICE

Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document.

THIS PUBLICATION SUPERSEDES NAVSEA OP 5 VOLUME 1 SIXTH REVISION

DATED 1 MARCH 1995

PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF COMMANDER, NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND

http://www.nossa.navsea.navy.mil

NAVSEA OP 5 VOLUME 1

0640-LP-110-7571 SEVENTH REVISION

AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES

SAFETY ASHORE

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT C

Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors;

administrative/operational use; 15 January 2001. Other requests for this document must be referred to the Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (NOSSA) (N5).

WARNING

This document contains technical data that is subject to the Arms Export

Control Act, 22 USC Sec. 2751 et. seq. and is protected from release by 10 USC Sec. 130.

Violations of these laws are subject to severe criminal penalties.

DESTRUCTION NOTICE

Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document.

THIS PUBLICATION SUPERSEDES NAVSEA OP 5 VOLUME 1 SIXTH REVISION

DATED 1 MARCH 1995

PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF COMMANDER, NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND

15 JANUARY 2001

Change 10 - 1 JULY 2011

NAVSEA OP 5 VOLUME 1 SEVENTH REVISION

Reproduction for nonmilitary use of the information or illustrations contained in this publication is not permitted. This does not preclude reproduction and use of any part of this manual by contracted agencies responsible for the training and instruction of personnel who handle and transport military ammunition, explosives, and related hazardous materials. The policy for military use reproduction is established for the Army in AR 380-5, for the Navy and Marine Corps in SECNAVINST 5510.36 (series), and for the Air Force in Air Force Regulations 205-1.

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FOREWORD

1. It is the policy of the Department of the Navy to maintain an effective and aggressive ordnance safety program throughout the Department. Adherence to the instructions and regulations contained in NAVSEA OP 5, “Ammunition and Explosives Safety Ashore” will provide a continuing, aggressive accident prevention program throughout all commands where military or civilian personnel are stationed or employed and ordnance equipment, ammunition, and explosives are used.

2. NAVSEA OP 5 consists of three volumes, as follows:

Volume 1 - Ammunition and Explosives Safety Ashore.

Volume 2 - Storage Data. (Replaced by NAVSEA SW020-AC-SAF-010)

Volume 3 - Ammunition and Explosives Safety Ashore for Contingencies, Combat Operations, Military Operations other than War and Associated Training.

3. The purpose of this volume is to acquaint personnel engaged in operations involving ammunition, explosives, and other hazardous materials, and to prescribe standardized safety regulations for the production, renovation, care, handling, storage, preparation for shipment, and disposal of these items.

4. The instructions and regulations prescribed in NAVSEA OP 5 for handling, storing, preparation for shipment, production, renovation, surveillance, and maintenance of ammunition and explosives are considered minimum criteria. The specific items, technical manuals, drawings, and specifications referenced in this publication should be consulted for additional, detailed requirements.

5. This publication is not intended to supersede, contravene, or modify any Federal, state, municipal, or local laws and their supplements. If any provision of this publication appears to conflict with any other published regulation, this fact should be reported in detail to the Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (NOSSA) (N5).

6. Changes to this manual will be issued as required. Comments or suggestions relative to material to be included in such changes should be forwarded as specified in chapter 1.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter/Paragraph Page Number LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx

LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxii

SAFETY SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv

1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1-1 Purpose of NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1-2 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1-2.1 Outside Continental United States (OCONUS).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 1-3 Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board (DDESB).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 1-3.1 Purpose.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 1-3.2 Authority. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 1-3.3 Responsibilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 1-3.4 Interaction with DDESB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 1-4 Responsibilities for Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 1-4.1 Commanding Officer, Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 1-4.2 Director, Safety Division HQMC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 1-4.3 Commanding Officer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 1-4.4 Safety Department or Office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7 1-4.5 Supervisory Personnel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 1-4.6 Operating Personnel.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11 1-5 Activity Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12 1-5.1 Mission.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12 1-5.2 Issuance of Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12 1-5.3 Accident Investigation and Reporting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12 1-6 Deviations from Explosives Safety Criteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13 1-6.1 Waivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16 1-6.2 Exemptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16 1-6.3 Request for Exemptions or Waivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16 1-6.4 Renewal of Waivers or Exemptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16 1-6.5 Event Waivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16 1-6.6 Request for Event Waivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17 1-6.7 Secretarial Certification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17 1-6.8 Request for Secretarial Certification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17 1-7 Intended Use of This Manual.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19 1-7.1 Applicability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19 1-7.2 Mandatory and Advisory Regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19 1-7.3 Supplementary Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19 1-7.4 Clarification of Regulations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19 1-8 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19 1-9 Reference Documents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20 1-10 Reporting Deficiencies in Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20 1-11 Date of Publication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20 Change 10 i

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Chapter/Paragraph Page Number

2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS, STANDARDS, AND PRACTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

2-1 General Safety Regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2-1.1 Written Operating Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2-1.2 Hazard Analysis and Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 2-1.3 Reporting Unsafe Conditions.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 2-1.4 Unauthorized Use of Ammunition.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 2-1.5 Housekeeping.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 2-1.6 Hunting and Fishing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 2-1.7 Aircraft Operations in the Vicinity of Ordnance Facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11 2-1.7A Surface Danger Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11 2-1.8 Privately Owned Vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11 2-1.9 Photography in Hazardous Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12 2-1.10 Radio/Radar Transmissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12 2-1.11 Fireworks Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12 2-1.12 Explosives Demonstrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13 2-1.13 Termination of Use of Potential Explosion Sites.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13 2-1.14 Decontamination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15 2-2 Security Regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23 2-2.1 Authority Entry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23 2-2.2 Restricted Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23 2-2.3 Port Emergency Signals.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24 2-2.4 Duties of Guards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24 2-2.5 Military Working Dogs Explosive Search Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24 2-3 Personnel Regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25 2-3.1 Medical Fitness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25 2-3.2 Qualification and Certification Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26 2-3.3 Safety Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26 2-3.4 Working Parties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27 2-3.5 Work Shift Changing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27 2-4 Personal Protective Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28 2-4.1 General.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28 2-4.2 Policy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28 2-4.3 Determining Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28 2-4.4 Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28 2-4.5 Maintenance.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29 2-4.6 Protective Clothing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29 2-4.7 Personal Protective Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31 2-4.8 Miscellaneous Personal Protective Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33 2-4.9 Prohibited Articles in Hazardous Areas.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-34 2-4.10 Hearing Aids and Pacemakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-35 2-4.11 Eating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-35 2-5 Ship Berthing and Handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-35 2-5.1 Berthing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-35 2-5.2 Handling.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39 ii Change 10

Chapter/Paragraph Page Number

3 CHARACTERISTICS OF AMMUNITION, EXPLOSIVES

AND RELATED HAZARDOUS MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3-1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3-2 Characteristics of Ammunition and Explosives.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3-2.1 Available Explosives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3-2.2 Composition of High Explosives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 3-2.3 Insensitive Munitions.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 3-2.4 Initiation and Detonation of an Explosive Main Charge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 3-2.5 Deliberate Detonation of an Explosive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 3-2.6 Detonation of a Fuel Air Explosive (FAE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 3-2.7 Inadvertent Detonation of an Explosive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 3-3 Test and Evaluation of Navy Explosives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 3-3.1 Tests to Determine the Properties of Navy Explosives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 3-3.2 Hazard Assessment Tests.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 3-3.3 Qualification of Navy Explosives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 3-3A Hazards Due to Triboelectric Charging of Gases, Vapors, Liquids, and Dusts. . . . . . . . . . 3-7 3-3A.1 Charge Accumulation and Charge Decay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 3-3A.2 Dangerous Charge Accumulation and Ignition of Flammable and

Combustible Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 3-3A.3 Process Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 3-3A.4 Prevention of Hazards Due to Triboelectric Charging of Process Ingredients. . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 3-3A.5 Requirement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 3-4 Characteristics of Propellants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 3-4.1 Solid Propellants (Cast or Pellets). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 3-4.2 Energetic Liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 3-4.3 Hybrid Propellants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 3-4.4 Propellants for Insensitive Munitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 3-5 Characteristics of Pyrotechnics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3-5.1 Signaling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3-5.2 Smoke Screening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3-5.3 Simulators and Decoys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3-5.4 Illuminating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3-5.5 Dye Marker Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 3-5.6 Chemiluminescent Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 3-5.7 Weather Modification Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 3-5.8 Pyrotechnics for Insensitive Munitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 3-6 Characteristics of Chemical Agents.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 3-6.1 Chemical Group A: Lethal -Toxic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 3-6.2 Chemical Group B: Riot Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 3-6.3 Chemical Group C: Smoke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 3-6.4 Chemical Group D: Incendiary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 3-7 Generic Classes of Mishaps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 3-7.1 Rough Handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 Change 10 iii

Chapter/Paragraph Page Number 3-7.2 Improper Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 3-7.3 Excess Exposure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 3-7.4 Natural Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 3-7.5 Byproducts or Residue.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 3-8 Hazard Classification of Ammunition and Explosives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 3-8.1 Class/Divisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16 3-8.2 Minimum Separation Distance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16 3-8.3 Assigning Hazard C/D’s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16 3-9 Storage Compatibility Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17 3-9.1 Criteria for Assigning Compatibility Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17 3-9.2 Compatibility Group Descriptions.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18 3-9.3 Relationship Between Class, Division and Compatibility Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21 3-9.4 Chemical Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21

4 FIRE PREVENTION, PROTECTION, AND EMERGENCY PLANNING . . . . . . . . 4-1

4-1 Fire Prevention.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4-1.1 Personnel Indoctrination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4-1.2 Fireguard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4-1.3 Fire Inspections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 4-1.4 Pre-Operation Pier and Wharf Fire Inspections and Tests.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 4-1.5 Fire Protection Equipment Inspections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 4-1.6 Smoking Regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 4-1.7 Housekeeping.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 4-1.8 Floor Cleaning and Protecting Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 4-1.9 Trash Burning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7 4-1.10 Firebreaks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7 4-1.11 Open Burn/Open Detonation Treatment Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 4-1.12 Boilers and Heating Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 4-1.13 Powered Industrial Materials Handling Equipment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 4-1.14 Illuminating Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 4-1.15 Heat or Spark-Producing Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 4-1.16 Welding and Cutting Operations On Ships. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10 4-1.17 Open Flames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11 4-1.18 Electrical Equipment and Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 4-1.19 Electrical Service and Wiring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 4-1.20 Spray Painting and Finishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 4-1.21 Defective Machinery, Equipment, and Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 4-1.22 Defective Transmission Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 4-1.23 Motor Vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 4-1.24 Refueling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 4-1.25 Locomotive and Self-Propelled Rail Vehicles.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 4-1.26 Dunnage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 4-1.27 Open Storage of Combustibles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 iv Change 10

Chapter/Paragraph Page Number 4-1.28 Fires Caused by Ammunition, Explosives, and Hazardous Materials.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 4-2 Emergency Planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16 4-3 Fire Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17 4-3.1 Fire Bills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17 4-3.2 Fire Map.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18 4-3.3 Fire Alarm and Detection Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18 4-3.4 Fire Drills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19 4-3.5 Fire Department. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19 4-3.6 Portable Fire Extinguishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20 4-3.7 Water Supply Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22 4-3.8 Water Distribution Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24 4-3.9 Sprinkler Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-26 4-3.10 Other Fire Protection Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29 4-3.11 Standby Tugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31 4-3.12 Fire Rate Assemblies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-33 4-4 Firefighting Hazard Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34 4-4.1 Fire Divisions.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34 4-4.2 Fire Hazard Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34 4-5 Firefighting Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-42 4-5.1 Safety Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-42 4-5.2 Use of Available Cover. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-45 4-5.3 Approaching Fires. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-45 4-5.4 Using Hazard Symbol Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-45 4-5.5 Special Firefighting Procedures.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-45

5 ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

5-1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 5-2 Hazardous (Classified) Locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 5-2.1 Class I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 5-2.2 Class II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 5-2.3 Class III. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 5-2.4 Change of Classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 5-2.5 Multiple Classifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 5-3 Static Electricity.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 5-3.1 General.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 5-3.2 Sources of Static Electricity.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 5-3.3 Hazards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 5-3.4 Materials Sensitive to Static Spark Discharge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 5-3.5 Dissipation of Static Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7 5-4 Lightning Protection Grounding System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7 5-4.1 Resistance of System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 5-4.2 Bonding of Electrodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9 5-5 Secondary Grounding System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9 Change 10 v

Chapter/Paragraph Page Number 5-5.1 Power System Ground. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10 5-5.2 Instrumentation Ground. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11 5-5.3 Static Grounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11 5-5.4 Ordnance Ground.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20 5-5.5 Structural Grounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24 5-5.6 Ground Loops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24 5-6 Bonding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24 5-6.1 Direct Bonding Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25 5-6.2 Indirect Bonding Techniques.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27 5-7 Miscellaneous Grounding Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28 5-7.1 Machinery and Equipment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28 5-7.2 Spray Painting Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28 5-8 Test and Inspection of Ground Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28 5-8.1 Grounding System Test Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28 5-8.2 Electrical Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34 5-8.3 Visual Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-40 5-9 Operational Grounding Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-42 5-9.1 Grounding Weapons During Checkout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-43 5-9.2 Grounding of Nuclear Weapons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-43 5-9.3 Aircraft Grounding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-43 5-9.4 Grounding of Permanent Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-43 5-9.5 Identification of Miscellaneous Conductive Items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-43 5-9.6 Grounding of Items Awaiting Processing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-44 5-9.7 Grounding Cables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-44 5-10 Electrical Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45 5-10.1 Power Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45 5-10.2 Uninterruptible Power Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-46 5-10.3 Ground Fault Interrupters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-47 5-10.4 Electrical Service Equipment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-47

6 LIGHTNING PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6-1 General.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 6-2 Storm Warning Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 6-2.1 Pre-Strike Warning Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 6-2.2 Spherics Warning Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 6-2.3 Implementations of Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 6-3 Policy for Lightning Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3 6-3.1 Exceptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 6-4 Lightning Protection Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 6-4.1 Air Termination Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 6-4.2 Down Conductors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7 6-5 Grounding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8 6-5.1 Lightning Protection Grounding System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8 vi Change 10

Chapter/Paragraph Page Number 6-5.2 Secondary Grounding System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9 6-5.3 Interconnection of Grounding Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9 6-6 Bonding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 6-6.1 Direct Bonding Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 6-6.2 Indirect Bonding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 6-6.3 Interconnection of Conductive Bodies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 6-6.4 Sideflash Distance Calculations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12 6-7 Surge Suppression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13 6-7.1 General Theory of Lightning Arresters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13 6-7.2 Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14 6-8 Specific Lightning Protection Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14 6-8.1 Explosives Operating Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14 6-8.2 Storage Facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14 6-9 Test and Inspection of Lightning Protection Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16 6-9.1 Test Plans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16 6-9.2 Electrical Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17 6-9.3 Visual Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17 6-10 Operations During Electrical Storms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17 6-10.1 Magazines and Open Storage Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18 6-10.2 Explosives Operating Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18 6-10.3 Railcars and Motor Vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18 6-10.4 Piers and Wharves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19 6-10.5 Disposal and Explosives Test Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19 6-10.6 Aircraft.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19

7 QUANTITY-DISTANCE REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7-1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . .