J2m FOTS-STD-061A.pdf

FAA-STD-061A

SUPERSEDING

FAA-STD-061

15 October 2003

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

INTERFACE STANDARD

AIRPORT FIBER OPTIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

(FOTS)

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

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FOREWORD

This standard is approved for use by all Departments of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). It establishes requirements for new implementations of fiber optic transmission system (FOTS) equipment used in the National Airspace System (NAS) and references government and non-government standards, orders, handbooks, and other pertinent documents.

This standard provides information to assist NAS project personnel in acquiring and installing new airport FOTS cables and equipment. This information includes types of fiber optic equipment recommended, guidance on outside cable plant installation, remote maintenance and monitoring, installation planning considerations, project management, network architecture, program management, and life cycle support. The standard also provides general instructions for selecting and tailoring this standard for use in FAA acquisitions, procurements and evaluations, as well as sources for government and non-government documents.

This standard consolidates and revises information contained in FAA-STD-061, Fiber Optic Transmission System and FAA-C-1391B, Installation and Splicing of Underground Cables (IN PART). This standard replaces and cancels FAA-STD-061 and FAA-C-1391B (IN PART).

Comments, suggestions, or questions on this document should be addressed to:

AJM-313, Air/Ground Voice Communications Orville Wright Bldg. (FOB-10A) FAA National Headquarters 800 Independence Ave. SW, Fifth Floor, Rm 509 Washington, D.C. 20591

Otherwise help can be found through:

Gia.Ngo@faa.gov

AJM-313, Air/Ground Voice Communications Team mailto:Gia.Ngo@faa.gov iii

Approved by:

AJM-31, Communications, Information & Network Program

Comments, suggestions, or questions on this document should be addressed to:

Federal Aviation Administration, AJM-313, Air/Ground Voice Communications Subteam, Voice Services, Orville Wright Bldg. (FOB-10A), FAA National Headquarters, 800 Independence Ave., SW, Fifth Floor, RM 509, Washington, D.C.

20591.

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Change History

1. Originator Name and Address AJM-313, Airport Cable Loop

2. Previous Document No.

FAA-STD-061

3. Proposed Document No.

This notice informs recipients that the standard identified by the number (and revision letter) shown in block 2 has been changed. The pages changed by this Document Change Notice (DCN) (being those furnished herewith) carry the same date as the DCN.

Summary - General: Date

a. Updates were included throughout the document to reflect current design standards based on current and planned standard FOTS Add/Drop Multiplexer and Channel Bank equipment installed at airport sites.

b. Requirements for non-electrical-line-distribution (non-ELD) systems deleted from FAA-C-1391C, including communications and telecommunications cables.

c. The document general format was updated to reflect recent formatting practices, as per FAA-STD-068, Preparation of Standards, including “Must” shall not be used to express a mandatory provision; use the term “shall.”

d. The grammatical errors and structure of the document was organized in a way that viewers can easily follow the flow of the document and comprehend the content.

e. The language within the document has been adjusted to reflect what is suggested versus what is mandated and, to provide clear and concise information.

f. Requirements for a Fiber Optics Transmission System were updated to match industry standards.

g. The need to recommend modern other equipment has been recognized and therefore documented herein.

7/25/2020 vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 SCOPE

Scope

Applicability

Overview

2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

General

Government Documents

2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks

2.2.2 Other Government documents, drawings, and publications

Non-Government documents

2.3.1 ANSI/TIA/EIA/IEEE

Order of precedence

3 DEFINITIONS

4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Airport FOTS configurations

Design criteria

4.2.1 Runway fiber loop

4.2.2 RTR and ASR

4.2.3 ATCT/TRACON

Fiber optic cable

Transmission equipment

4.4.1 Multiplexers

4.4.2 Channel banks

4.4.3 Point-to-point transmission equipment

Remote maintenance system (RMS)

Planning considerations

4.6.1 Bandwidth

4.6.2 Space

4.6.3 Power

4.6.4 Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)

Network architecture

4.7.1 Communications requirements

Quality control provisions

4.8.1 Fiber optic cable testing

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4.8.2 Equipment testing

5 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS

Airport FOTS

5.1.1 Underground duct bank systems

5.1.2 Fiber optic cabling

5.1.3 Fiber splices

5.1.4 Patch panels and cable terminations

5.1.5 Grounding requirements

Network architecture

5.2.1 Criticality levels of airport FOTS services

5.2.2 Redundancy

5.2.3 Communications path

Electrical and power cable standards

6 NOTES

Tailoring

6.1.1 General

6.1.2 Citing this standard

6.1.3 Deviations from this standard

6.1.4 Non-developmental items (NDI) and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS)

6.1.5 Authority to tailor

APPENDIX A. SERVICE INTERFACES

A.1 Typical service interfaces to ACLS

APPENDIX B. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR UNDERGROUND DUCT BANK SYSTEMS, DEB, AND

EXPOSED SURFACE INSTALLATIONS

B.1 Scope

B.2 Applicable documents

General

Government documents

Non-Government documents

Order of precedence

B.3 Safety

B.4 Airport Underground Duct Banks and Conduits

Description

Equipment and materials

Construction methods

B.5 Manholes and junction structures viii

Description

Equipment and materials

Construction methods

Precast Manholes and Handholes

Manhole accessories

Manhole installation

Handhole installatio

Manhole and handhole penetrations

Manhole markings

B.6 Cable enclosures at building entryway

B.7 Lightning and surge protection and grounding of fiber optic systems

Cable guard wires

Installation of ground rods

Grounding at equipment and equipment enclosures

Grounding and bonding connections at or within equipment enclosures

Grounding and bonding connections at manholes and at NEMA enclosure at building entryway

B.8 Product options and substitutions

B.9 Mandrel requirements

B.10 Installation of cables

Separation of cable systems

Cable pulling

Cable installation in manholes

Splices

B.11 Direct earth burial (DEB) cables and exposed surface cables

DEB cables

Exposed surface cables

B.12 Post-installation survey requirements

Recording of data

Survey points

B.13 Acceptance and inspection procedures

APPENDIX C. ACRONYM LIST

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1. Typical airport cable loop diagram FIGURE 2. Typical fiber optic patch panel FIGURE 3. Typical 4-node fiber assignment detail FIGURE 4. SONET runway loop configuration FIGURE 5. ASR configuration FIGURE 6. RTR configuration FIGURE 7. ATCT/TRACON configuration

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE I. Optical Carrier (OC) hierarchy TABLE II. NAS requirements related to the FOTS design TABLE III. Minimum availability and restoration requirements TABLE IV. Classification of services TABLE V. Communications robustness TABLE VI. Criticality levels of airport services TABLE A-I. Airport facilities and services TABLE A-II. ATCT services

1 SCOPE

Scope

This design standard establishes the minimum requirements when implementing new and replacement fiber optic transmission systems (FOTS) installations and equipment to support air traffic control facilities in an airport or terminal environment within the NAS.

This standard provides building block information as well as an extensive list of technical documentation that shall be used in selecting and procuring fiber optics systems and equipment. It provides guidelines that the FOTS project manager shall follow in order to meet the standard airport fiber optics architecture in the most efficient manner. The ultimate goal of this standard is to develop a scalable and universally applicable architecture within the NAS that is reliable and maintainable.

It is understood that new installations shall use single-mode fiber optic cable in accordance with this design standard. However, previous implementations of FOTS may have used multimode fiber optic cables in accordance with FAA-STD-061 (previous version of this design standard). The previous version of FAA-STD-061 shall be used as technical reference for existing installations until they are replaced with new FOTS equipment and single-mode fiber optic cables in accordance with this design standard (FAA-STD-061A).

Applicability

This standard applies to all new fiber optic transmission systems and equipment designed, developed, procured, installed, operated, or maintained by or on behalf of the FAA to support air traffic control services at the airport and terminal environment with the exception of NAS systems deployed with their separate integrated fiber optic design.

Supported applications include airport fiber optic cable loops and point-to-point links. Facilities installed prior to the approval of this document are not required to comply with this standard unless a determination is made that they do not meet the safety, security or supportability requirements of the NAS.

Overview

The Airport Cable Loop System (ACLS) is a system of cables as well as communications, monitoring, and auxiliary equipment designed to provide a survivable communications infrastructure for critical services and facilities at airports. FOTS is an ACLS implementation using fiber optic cables as the primary transmission medium.

The primary transmission medium for the ACLS is fiber optic cables. The requirements section of this document identifies the various types of cables for various applications. Short runs of copper cable shall be used to extend a communications interface to user equipment. FAA-E-2072 and FAA-E-2042 define FAA specifications for copper cabling.

FOTS equipment is strategically interconnected and located throughout the airport to convert electrical signals to optical signals while providing a survivable communications network. FOTS equipment is able to achieve this goal by taking advantage of diverse fiber cable installations and the use of self-mending communications protocol to automatically recover from catastrophic cable or equipment failures. FOTS equipment provides connectivity to either channel bank equipment or directly to FAA equipment. When required, FOTS channel bank equipment provides legacy end-user interfaces to FAA equipment.

Ancillary equipment includes the cables, demarcation equipment, connectors, adapters, patch panels, racks, and external power supplies. The Remote Maintenance System (RMS) is a centrally located computer system used to monitor and manage the FOTS.

2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

General

The documents listed in this section are specified in sections 3, 4, or 5 of this standard. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this standard or recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet all specified requirements of documents cited in sections 3, 4, or 5 of this standard, whether or not they are listed.

Documents listed below for reference are assumed to be the most current version in effect.

Government Documents

2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks

The following specifications, standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein.

Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.

2.2.1.1 FEDERAL STANDARDS

FAA-STD-019 Lightning and Surge Protection, Grounding, Bonding, and Shielding Requirements for Facilities and Electronic Equipment

FAA-STD-024 Preparation of Test and Evaluation Documents

2.2.1.2 FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS

FAA-E-2761 Cable, Fiber Optic, Single-Mode, Multi-fiber FAA-P-2978 Product Description (PD) Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) MSP FAA-C-1217 Electrical Work, Premises Wiring FAA-C-1391 Installation, Termination, Splicing, And Transient/Surge Protection of

Underground Electrical Distribution System Power Cables

2.2.1.3 FEDERAL HANDBOOKS

FAA-HDBK-006 Reliability, Maintainability, and Availability (RMA) HANDBOOK

2.2.2 Other Government documents, drawings, and publications

The following other Government documents, drawings, and publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.

FAA NAS SE Manual FAA National Airspace System Systems Engineering Manual

(Copies of this document are available online from the FAA at https://sep.faa.gov/file/get/2974)

FAA Order 6000.36 Communications Diversity FAA Order 6650.10 Maintenance of Fiber Optic Communications Equipment FAA Order 6750.24 Instrument Landing System and Ancillary Electronic Component Configuration and Performance Requirements

(Copies of these documents are available online from https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/orders_notices/)

NAS-RD-2013 National Airspace System Requirements Document

(Copies of this document are available online from https://sep.faa.gov/file/get/2718)

TI 6650.70 Technical Instruction Book

(Copies of this document are available online from http://nasdigitallibrary.amc.faa.gov/)

Non-Government documents

The following documents form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.

2.3.1 ANSI/TIA/EIA/IEEE

TIA/EIA-232 Interface between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit- Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange

TIA/EIA-422 Electrical Characteristics of Balanced Voltage Digital Interface Circuits

TIA/EIA-485 Electrical Characteristics of Generators and Receivers for Use in Balanced Digital Multipoint Systems

TIA/EIA-530 High-Speed 25-Position Interface for Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment (DCE)

IEEE 802.3 Physical layer and data link layer's media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet

Order of precedence

In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.

3 DEFINITIONS

Channel Banks. Multiplexers designed for telephone circuit applications with inputs (channels) of either electrical voice signals or digital signals (DS) up to 64 kbps – designated as DS-0. The channel bank multiplexes 24 channels (along with control overhead) onto an electrical T-1 data stream (1.544 Mbps) – designated as DS-1.

Circuit diversity. A 25-feet minimum separation between paths that carry the same traffic, reducing the risk of site outages. Circuit diversity shall be in accordance with FAA Order 6000.36.

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet. A wired Local Area Network (LAN) technology that was first standardized in 1983 and has since been refined to support higher bit rates over longer link distances.

Multi-service Platform (MSP). The MSP supports a SONET OC and is equipped with electrical interfaces that connect to end-user traffic at interface rates such as DS-0, DS-1 or Ethernet. MSP equipment has all the capabilities of legacy ADM equipment, but also includes cross-connect functionality to manage multiple fiber loops in a single chassis. These devices replace multiple legacy ADM units and often allow connections directly from Ethernet LANs to the optical backbone. The MSP equipment has the capability to convert optical signals to electrical signals and vice versa. In this document, the acronym ADM is used to indicate add/drop multiplexer functionality – with cross-connect functionality indicated separately, when applicable – even when these functionalities reside within a single chassis.

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). An Internet-standard protocol for managing network devices, SNMP consists of a set of standards for network management, including an application layer protocol, a database schema, and a set of data objects.

Synchronous Optical Network (SONET). A hierarchical set of standards for high speed data transport utilizing fiber optic media. The SONET digital rates use the designation Optical Carrier (OC). TABLE I provides the data rates for the OC hierarchy relevant to this standard. SONET is a US standard. SONET was originally defined by Bellcore and later developed as an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard.

TABLE I. Optical Carrier (OC) hierarchy

Electrical Designation

Optical Designation

Line Rate (Mbps)

STS-3 OC-3 155.52

STS-12 OC-12 622.08

STS-48 OC-48 2844.32

SONET Add/Drop Multiplexers (ADM). The SONET ADM supports a SONET OC and is equipped with electrical interfaces that connect to channel banks and end-user traffic at interface rates such as DS-0, DS-1 or Ethernet. The ADM equipment has the capability to convert optical signals to electrical signals and vice versa.

Transmission Equipment. Equipment that converts received signals into a format that is compatible with the transport media. Examples of transmission equipment can be as simple as a telephone handset which converts audio signals to electrical, or a more complex one such as a digital fiber optic multiplexer which converts multiple electrical signals into an optical one.

Telephone Circuits. Standard phone lines (twisted pair copper) use an electrical analog signal in the voice frequency range (up to 4 kHz).

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM). A method of transmitting and receiving independent signals over a common signal path using synchronized switches at each end of the transmission line. Each signal appears on the line for a limited period of time to enable line sharing among multiple signals. Channel bank and Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM) equipment use TDM.

Unidirectional Path Switch Ring (UPSR). A type of standardized Automatic Protection Switching (APS) scheme within SONET, UPSR sends a copy of protected operational traffic in each direction around a ring. A selector at the destination node determines which of the two received copies has the highest quality, and uses that copy, thus effectively mitigating the impact of a fiber cut, equipment failure or other deteriorating condition.

4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Airport FOTS configurations

Critical airport services shall be placed on dedicated network fibers to maintain service traffic segregation at the fiber level. A typical FOTS layout of an airport with only one runway is shown in FIGURE 1, FIGURE 2 and

FIGURE 3.

The current architecture for FOTS implementation is SONET UPSR with plans in the future to provide Ethernet based services. The configuration shall be in accordance with FAA Order 6000.36 to provide diverse fiber optic cable route in order to reduce the vulnerability of critical services to single points of failure. In the target architecture, the RTR and ASR facilities shall have dedicated redundant equipment and fiber connections to the ATCT over diverse fiber optic cable routes.

At airports with multiple runways, the networks for each runway navigational aid (NAVAID) shall be isolated from other NAVAIDS in order to reduce the risk of having multiple runways impacted by a single failure.

CAT II/III runways require a FOTS configuration that includes fiber optic cable circuit diversity or Instrument Landing Systems (ILS) State Persistence

Network specific fibers shall be provided for each of the three networks depicted. The fibers shall be provided in one or more cables.

Runway

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*All other fibers are pass-through (for fiber detail example see Figure 1b)

Airport Surveillance

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Design criteria

The airport FOTS design shall:

Satisfy operational requirements for various types of interfaces at airport sites.

Ensure the system provides continuous and reliable service.

Be in accordance with NAS-RD-2013 and contribute to the NAS requirements provided in TABLE II.

TABLE II. NAS requirements related to the FOTS design

Object Number Requirement Description from NAS-RD-2013, Appendix B

3.1.3.2.0-1.0-2 The NAS shall record operational system information.

3.1.3.3.0-1 The NAS shall monitor service status.

3.1.3.3.0-1.0-5 The NAS shall detect failures.

3.3.2.0-1 The NAS shall provide air-ground communications within the NAS.

3.3.2.0-2 The NAS shall provide ground-to-ground communications.

3.3.2.0-5.0-1 The NAS shall have a voice communication delay between users and specialists with a mean less than or equal to 250 ms

3.3.2.0-5.0-2 The NAS shall have a voice communication delay between users and specialists less than or equal to 300 ms (99th percentile).

3.3.2.0-5.0-3 The NAS shall have a voice communication delay between users and specialists within a maximum of 350 ms

3.3.2.0-8 The NAS shall assure the data integrity of ground-to-ground data communications within the NAS.

4.2.1 Runway fiber loop

The runway fiber loop shall consist of dedicated fibers routed to each facility. Each facility will connect to two fibers in the loop. Fibers that are not required at a facility will pass through. See FIGURE 4 for the target implementation of a runway loop.

FIGURE 4. SONET runway loop configuration

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4.2.2 RTR and ASR

Due to the criticality of the RTR and ASR services, redundant equipment and diverse fiber backbones shall be installed at a minimum (see FIGURE 5 and FIGURE 6). In the ASR configuration, redundancy switching equipment is added to ensure survivability of service even with catastrophic failure of one path. Redundancy switching is not used in the RTR configuration because the design takes advantage of the switching capability within the Voice Switch.

Survivability of the RTR configuration is further ensured through the segregation of the MAIN and STANDBY radios using separate redundant fiber networks. In the instance that the RTR and ASR are collocated, services shall not be combined using a UPSR SONET loop. To maintain segregation of the MAIN and STANDBY radios and redundancy for the ASR, dual SONET multiplexers shall be required for the RTR and ASR collocated configuration.

FIGURE 5. ASR configuration

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4.2.3 ATCT/TRACON

If the FOTS is extended to the ATCT Cab or the TRACON, it shall be connected through separate cable loops. See FIGURE 7 for an example.

FIGURE 7. ATCT/TRACON configuration

Fiber optic cable

Selection of fiber optic cables shall be in accordance with FAA-E-2761.

Transmission equipment

An FAA product description (PD) shall be created for each type of transmission equipment. Equipment meeting the specifications shall be qualified and selected. Warranty and other support required to resolve technical performance problems traced to this equipment shall be established under the contract.

4.4.1 Multiplexers

Multiplexers shall support the target airport backbone architecture. SONET transmission equipment operating over single-mode fiber optic cable shall provide an interface to the channel bank equipment and/or end-user traffic at the DS-1 rate and above. Traditional TDM circuits shall be mapped into the SONET payload for transmission. All traffic on SONET backbone links shall be aggregated to a minimum OC-3. As an alternate, if the equipment is capable, an Ethernet based backbone can also be used. Switching time requirements for all services shall continue to be met when using SONET/Ethernet multiplexer equipment.

Multiplexers shall provide:

Ethernet services An SNMP interface to the RMS Output component failure alarms to indicate a major equipment alarm, (i.e., loss of signal, clock failure) An ability to indicate other alarms such as Remote Alarm or Component Failure

4.4.2 Channel banks

Channel banks shall provide low-speed data and audio interfaces.

Channel banks shall provide:

An SNMP interface to the RMS Output component failure alarms to indicate a major equipment alarm, (i.e., Loss of Signal, Clock

Failure) An ability to indicate other alarms such as Remote Alarm or Component Failure

4.4.3 Point-to-point transmission equipment

Point-to-point transmission equipment shall provide interfaces not readily adaptable to DS-1, Ethernet or SONET multiplexers.

Remote maintenance system (RMS)

Based on local needs, an RMS shall be installed to provide local Airway Transportation Systems Specialist (ATSS) personnel with the capability to monitor the status of the FOTS.

The RMS shall also be able to perform the following:

Provide a graphical representation of the network.

Display system status.

Identify equipment shelf at fault.

Identify loss of facility power.

Provide visual alarms.

Planning considerations

4.6.1 Bandwidth

When designing any fiber project, determine present and future bandwidth requirements. Use good engineering judgment in deciding between additional bandwidth costs versus the risk of having to re-design the backbone in the future.

4.6.2 Space

Sufficient space shall be planned for racks (if any), power supplies, redundant equipment, wall space, cable bridge, and room for the installation team and their equipment. In most airport installations, the old cable system remains operational while the new system is being installed and tested.

4.6.3 Power

Power requirements for the FOTS shall remain the same as that of the facility where it is being installed.

4.6.4 Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)

HVAC requirements for the FOTS shall remain the same as that of the facility where it is being installed.

Network architecture

4.7.1 Communications requirements

To meet NAS-RD-2013 requirements, the minimum availability and restoration time for relevant levels of services are listed in TABLE III. The definition for terms pertinent to this design standard such as safety-critical, efficiency-critical, essential and routine are provided in NAS-RD-2013 and in this section for ease of reference.

TABLE III. Minimum availability and restoration requirements

Level Minimum

Availability Restoration Time

Safety-Critical .99999 See Note Efficiency-Critical .9999 6 seconds

Essential .999 10 minutes Routine .99 72 hours

Note: Safety-Critical Service threads shall be accomplished by greater than or equal to two service threads

Safety-Critical. A key service in the protection of human life. Loss of a Safety-Critical service increases the risk in the loss of human life.

Efficiency-Critical. A key service that is used in present operation of the NAS. Loss of an Efficiency- Critical Service has a major impact in the present operational capacity.

Essential. A service that if lost would significantly raise the risk associated with providing safe and efficient NAS operations.

Routine. A service which, if lost, would have a minor impact on the risk associated with providing safe and efficient NAS operations.

The stated availability requirements are for end-to-end performance of the covered functions or services.

The FOTS architecture shall meet the communications requirements of the services that utilize the system.

FOTS architecture and components shall provide diverse paths to meet service requirements.

Several levels of communications robustness are identified to support communications requirements for the FOTS, as described in TABLE IV.

TABLE IV. Classification of services

Service Service Class Circuit Diversity

FOTS Equipment Redundancy

RTR Critical Yes Yes ASR Critical Yes Yes

CAT II / III NAVAIDS

w/o State Persistence Critical Yes Yes

CAT II / III NAVAIDS

w/ State Persistence Critical Yes No

CAT I NAVAIDS Essential Yes if economically viable, otherwise path redundancy is sufficient

No

Communications robustness requirements for end-to-end performance of the covered functions or services are described in TABLE V:

TABLE V. Communications robustness

Level Availability Continuity (MTBO) Redundancy Reporting

Safety-Critical .99999 100,000 hours Diverse fiber and equipment Degraded Modes

Efficiency-Critical .9999 10,000 hours Diverse fiber Degraded Mode Essential .999 1,000 hours N/A N/A Routine .99 100 hours N/A N/A

Availability is stated in terms of operational availability objectives Continuity is stated in terms of the mean-time-between-outages (MTBO) caused by a failure of communications FOTS equipment redundancy requirements are stated in terms of the level of redundancy required to support these types of services Reporting requirements are stated where the loss of redundancy shall be identified operationally

Quality control provisions

All initial tests shall be performed by the implementation organization. If the implementation is accomplished by a non-FAA organization, the tests shall be witnessed by the FAA. If FAA witnessing is waived, the implementation team shall provide certified test data.

4.8.1 Fiber optic cable testing

Fiber optic cable testing shall be performed in accordance with FAA-E-2761 and FAA Order 6650.10.

4.8.2 Equipment testing

Functional and operational testing shall be conducted in accordance with FAA Order 6650.10.

5 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS

Airport FOTS

Airport FOTS consist of: fiber optic cabling, fiber optic patch panels, underground duct bank systems and grounding systems.

5.1.1 Underground duct bank systems

Underground duct bank systems shall be used, unless direct earth burial (DEB) of fiber optic cables has been pre-authorized per drawing set and construction specifications. Cable runs between nodes shall be installed in underground duct bank systems to increase protection. Exceptions only apply where environmental limitations or construction costs dictate other solutions. Minimum requirements for underground duct bank systems provided in APPENDIX B shall be met.

5.1.2 Fiber optic cabling

Fiber optic cables shall be selected in accordance with FAA-E-2761. The cable fiber count shall be a minimum of 24 strands. Based upon the number of facilities and the size of the airport, cables with more than 24 strands can be utilized.

5.1.3 Fiber splices

Fiber optic cable shall be installed without splices between facilities. When a continuous cable is not possible, permanent splicing shall be accomplished using the fusion splice method. Splicing shall be done only in manholes.

Splices shall be secured inside splice trays, and then protected by using a waterproof enclosure. Mechanical splices shall only be used in emergency situations and be temporary. Optical fiber splices shall not exceed a maximum of

0.3 dB insertion loss.

5.1.4 Patch panels and cable terminations

Optical fibers shall be terminated in wall or rack mounted patch panels using Subscriber Connector (SC) connectors.

Optical fiber terminations shall not exceed an insertion loss of 0.50 dB. Patch panels shall have enough connections to accommodate all of the strands used in the cable.

5.1.5 Grounding requirements

For underground duct bank systems designed to be shared with other cable systems, grounding systems shall be used to protect the cables, as required in APPENDIX B, “Lightning and surge protection and grounding of fiber optic systems”. Single-purpose duct bank systems specifically designed for all-dielectric cabling systems on an exclusive basis shall be in accordance with FAA-STD-019 requirements for fiber optic cables.

Network architecture

5.2.1 Criticality levels of airport FOTS services

NAS-RD-2013 contains requirements that are currently funded by the NAS, and are enforceable by the FAA.

NAS-RD-2013 defines the operational requirements; is the approved document for operational requirements for the NAS; and serves as a source document for system specification preparation.

A methodology for allocating NAS service level Reliability, Maintainability and Availability (RMA) requirements as defined in NAS-RD-2013 to the system level is provided in the RMA Handbook

(FAA-HDBK-006). Guidance for determining how availability requirements (0.99999, 0.999 or other) are applied to FAA systems is provided in FAA-HDBK-006.

Systems Engineering (SE) methods to adequately identify, define and manage all system requirements in a balanced manner shall be applied throughout the design process, as described in FAA NAS SE Manual.

Based on the definition of criticality levels provided in NAS-RD-2013 and the list of system criticality in FAA Order 6000.36, criticality levels for relevant airport services are listed in TABLE VI.

TABLE VI. Criticality levels of airport services

Airport Services Criticality

Terminal Radar (ASR-7/8/9/11) to TRACON Safety-Critical

Terminal Radar (ASR-7/8/9/11) to ATCT Safety-Critical

RTR to ATCT/TRACON Safety-Critical

ILS, RVR, ALSF supporting Category II/III Operations to ATCT Navigational Aids (ILS, VOR, MALSR, etc.) Safety-Critical

ILS LOC, GS, Marker Beacons, RVR, ALSF supporting Category II/III operations – per runway loop

Efficiency- Critical

Visual Aids (PAPI, VASI, etc.) Essential

Navigational Aids (ILS, VOR, MALSR, etc.)

Supporting Category 1 or lesser operations- per runway loop.

Essential

DBRITE (Video and Control) Essential

Administrative LAN, Telephone, Remote Maintenance and Monitor (RMM) Routine

5.2.2 Redundancy

Any system that relies on a single interface will always have a single point of failure. Hence, the tradeoff on where to place the single point of failure requires a good knowledge of the operation of the system and sound engineering judgment. This decision shall be based on the inherent capability of the communications system as compared to the increased cost due to additional equipment and connectivity. Because of the criticality of the ASR and the RTR, a redundant FOTS loop shall be implemented for these systems. Refer to TABLE IV for configuration options, which address criticality at CAT II/III sites. Airport FOTS equipment providing connectivity to critical services shall have redundant configuration. Standby equipment shall automatically take over the function upon failure of primary equipment. As previously described in TABLE IV and V, Safety-Critical Service threads shall be accomplished by greater than or equal to two service threads.

5.2.3 Communications path

Airport FOTS equipment on a SONET loop shall be inter-connected using the UPSR architecture, which supports:

Automatic detection of transmission errors and path failures Self-healing capabilities

Electrical and power cable standards

All exterior electrical work shall be in accordance with FAA-C-1391. All interior electrical work shall be in accordance with FAA-C-1217.

6 NOTES

(This section contains information of a general or explanatory nature that may be helpful, but is not mandatory.)

Tailoring

6.1.1 General

Tailoring is the process of selecting applicable portions of the standard for citation in other documents, (e.g., acquisition documents, specifications, statement of work). Tailoring shall occur at the major section, subsection, or paragraph level, and shall consist of elimination, modification, or substitution of requirements that are not applicable to the implementation project.

6.1.2 Citing this standard

This Standard for Airport Fiber Optic Transmission Systems shall be cited in its entirety if communications interfaces are not known in advance, or have yet to be determined through system planning, engineering, and analysis. Citing the standard in its entirety does not preclude the contractor from requesting tailoring later in the program.

6.1.3 Deviations from this standard

The contractor may request or recommend tailoring at any time during acquisition, update, or modification of contracts, or during advanced development or research contracts. The contractor may also request waivers and offer alternatives for the applicable design criteria and guidelines.

6.1.4 Non-developmental items (NDI) and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS)

For COTS and NDI items, the FAA may provide a tailored checklist to the contractor, who shall in turn submit equipment bids or use the tailored checklist as part of a subcontractor/equipment selection process.

6.1.5 Authority to tailor

Tailoring shall be authorized only by the FAA.

(END OF DOCUMENT)

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX A. SERVICE INTERFACES

This Appendix is not a mandatory part of the standard. The information contained herein is intended for guidance.

A.1 Typical service interfaces to ACLS

Typical service interfaces for remote facilities are listed in TABLE A-I. Typical service interfaces for ATCT facilities are listed in TABLE A-II. Data circuit requirements are listed in the following order: Interface type, synchronization type, rate, data bits, stop bits, and parity i.e. 232, A, 2.4k, 1, Y.

Detailed requirements are located in TI 6650.70 for the equipment.

TABLE A-I. Airport facilities and services

SERVICE BASIC REQUIREMENT

Airport Surface Detection Equipment X

(ASDE-X)

Data (DDS)

Airport Surface Detection Equipment 3

(ASDE-3)

RS-232

Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR) Data/Analog/ Ethernet (ASR-11)

Approach Lighting System (ALS/ALSF) 2W Analog/Contact Closure Digital BRITE (DBRITE ) Data Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) 2W Analog/Contact Closure Doppler VHF Omni-Directional Range

(VOR)

4W (Data)/ 2W POTS (Maint) Analog

Far Field Monitor (FFM) 4W Analog Glide Slope (GS) 2W Analog/Contact Closure Inner Marker (IM) 2W Analog/Contact Closure Local Area Network (LAN) Data (Ethernet) Localizer (LOC) 2W Analog/Contact Closure Medium Intensity Approach Lighting System with Runway Indicator Lights (MALSR)

2W Analog/Contact Closure

Microwave Landing System (MLS) 2W Analog Middle Marker (MM) 2W Analog/Contact Closure Outer Marker (OM) 2W Analog/Contact Closure Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) RS-232(RMM)/2W Analog/

Contact Closure Remote Maintenance and Monitor (RMM) Data (DDC)/RS-232/2W Analog Runway Light Intensity Monitor (RLIM) 2W Remote Transmitter-Receiver (RT/R) 4W E&M Analog/Contact

Runway Alignment Indicator Lights (RAIL) 2W Analog/Contact Closure Runway End Identification Lights (REIL) 2W Analog/Contact Closure Runway Visual Range (RVR) / RLIM 2W Analog Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) 2W Analog/Contact Closure Wide Area Network (WAN) Data (DS-1) Weather Systems Processor (WSP) 530, S, 128k Telephone Line Modulator/Demodulator (Modem) (CODEX brand) 4W Terminal (Wyse brand) 4W Environmental Remote Monitoring System

(ERMS) 4W

Engine Generator Start Contact Closure

TABLE A-II. ATCT services

SERVICE BASIC REQUIREMENT

Airport Movement Area Safety System (AMASS) Terminal Automation Interface Unit

(TAIU)

4W

Airport Resource Management Tool (ARMT) Ethernet

Airport Surface Detection Equipment 3

(ASDE-3)

RS-232

Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE) Remote Maintenance Monitoring (RMM)

232, A, 2.4, 8, 1, N

Airport Surface Detection Equipment X

(ASDE-X)

Data (DDS)

Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR/RVCS 2000) Data/Analog /Video

Approach Lighting System (ALS/ALSF) 2W Analog/Contact Closure

ASOS Controller System - Integrated Display System (ACE-IDS)

Ethernet

Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) 232, A, 2.4, 8, 1, N

Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) Audio and Key

4W

Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) Dial Line

2W

Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) Monitor

4W

Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) Record

4W

Center TRACON Automation System (CTAS) Ethernet

Climatronics 232, A, 9.6, 8, 1, N

Digital Altimeter Setting Indicator (DASI) 2W

Digital Audio Legal Recorder (DALR) Alarm 2W

Digital Audio Legal Recorder (DALR) Workstation

Ethernet

Digital BRITE (DBRITE ) Data/Video

Digital Voice Communication System (DVCS) DS-1

Digital Voice Recorder System Replacement (DVRS) Clock

4W

Digital Voice Recording System Series (DVR) Ethernet

Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) Monitor

2W

Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) Key 2W

Electronic Flight Strip Transfer System (EFSTS) Keypad/Scanner LC

530, A 9.6, 7, 1, Y

Electronic Flight Strip Transfer System(EFSTS) Scanner

530, A 9.6, 7, 1, Y

FDIO flight strip printer (FSP) 530, A, 2.4, 8, 1, Y

Flight Data Input/Output (FDIO) Printer 530, A, 2.4, 8, 1, Y

Glide Slope LCU 2W

Glide Slope RCSU 2W

Information Dissemination and Display System Model 4 (IDS-4)

530, S

TABLE A-II. ATCT services - Continued

SERVICE BASIC REQUIREMENT

Inner Marker LCU 2W

Inner Marker RCSU 2W

Instrument Landing Systems (ILS) 2W Analog

Integrated Control and Monitor System (ICMS) Ethernet

Integrated Terminal Weather System (ITWS) Ethernet

Inter-Range Instrumentation Group (IRIG) B 2W

Link Control Unit (LCU) Airport Remote Monitoring System (ARMS)

232, S

Localizer LCU 2W

Localizer RCSU 2W

Low Level Wind Shear Alert System (LLWAS) 232, S

Low Level Wind Shear Alert System (LLWAS) 232, S

Medium Intensity Approach Lighting System (MALSR) Control

4W

Notice to Airmen (NOTAMS) Ethernet

Operator Maintenance Terminal (OMT) Ethernet

Preferential Arrival and Departure Route System (PDARS)

Ethernet

Rapid Deployment Voice Switch (RDVS) DS-1

RCIS 232, A, 9.6, 8, 1, N

REC/ENAB 2W/Contact Closure

Remote ARTS Color Display ( RACD) 530

Remote Transmitter-Receiver (RT/R) 4W E&M Analog/Contact Closure

Required Communication Performance (RCP) 232, A, 9.6, 8, 1, N

Runway End Identification Lights (REIL) Contact Closure

Runway Visual Range (RVR) 232, A, 9.6, 8, 1, N

Runway Visual Range (RVR) ARMS 232, S

Runway Visual Range (RVR) Display 530, S

Runway Visual Range (RVR) FSK Signaling 2W Analog

SMC Ethernet

System Atlanta Information Display System

(SAIDS)

232, A, 2.4, 8, 1, Y

TDLS FDIO Replacement Alpha Numeric Keyboard (RANK)

530, A, 2.4, 8, 1, Y

TDLS FDIO cathode ray tube (CRT) 530, A, 2.4, 8, 1, Y

TDLS FDIO Pre Departure Clearance (PDC) 232, A, 2.4, 8, 1, Y

TDLS National Airspace Data Interchange Network (NADIN)

232. S, TDLS OPIP Ethernet

Terminal Doppler Weather RADAR (TDWR) 232, A, 9.6, 8, 1, Y

Time Code Display (TCD) 4W

TABLE A-II. ATCT services - Continued

SERVICE BASIC REQUIREMENT

Tower Data Link Services (TDLS) Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) OID

232, A, 9.6, 8, 1, N

Tower Data Link System (TDLS) National Airspace Data Interchange Network (NADIN)

232, S

Video Display Control Unit (VDCU) DDS, 64K

Voice Switch Bypass (VSBP) 4W/Contact Closure

Weather System Processors (WSP) Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS)

530 S, Weather Systems Processor Ethernet

APPENDIX B

APPENDIX B. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR UNDERGROUND DUCT

BANK SYSTEMS, DEB, AND EXPOSED SURFACE INSTALLATIONS

This Appendix is a mandatory part of the standard. The information contained herein is intended for compliance.

B.1 Scope

APPENDIX B covers the minimum requirements for communication cables (fiber optic and copper) in underground duct bank systems, DEB, or exposed surface installations. It also covers the acceptability of trenching, boring, installation, splicing or other joining of cables, and testing of cables.

This appendix applies to telecommunication and control cabling and does not apply to electrical line distribution (ELD) cabling and systems. For standards pertaining to these ELD cabling and systems, consult the appropriate Office of Primary Responsibility (OPR) for requirements or guidance. This appendix is intended to ensure that minimum FAA requirements are met based on current commercial practices relating to safety, reliability, and restorability of FAA FOTS and applicable copper cabling, and systems.

B.2 Applicable documents

General

The documents listed in this section are specified in Appendix B of this standard. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this standard or recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet all specified requirements of documents cited in Appendix B of this standard, whether or not they are listed.

Government documents

Specifications, standards, and handbooks

The following specifications, standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein.

Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.

Other Government documents, drawings, and publications

The following other Government documents, drawings, and publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.

AC 150/5320-6F Airport Pavement Design and Evaluation AC 150/5370-10G Standards for Specifying Construction of Airports

(Copies of this document are available online from https://www.faa.gov/airports/resources/advisory_circulars/)

FAA Order JO 3900.57A Environmental and Occupational Safety and Health (EOSH) Requirements in the Planning and Execution of Construction and Maintenance Activities at National Airspace System (NAS) Facilities

(Copies of these documents are available online from https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/orders_notices/)

OSHA Standards Safety and Health Regulations for Construction Part 1926 https://www.faa.gov/airports/resources/advisory_circulars/ https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/orders_notices/

(Copies of this document are available online from https://www.osha.gov/law-regs.html)

Non-Government documents

The following documents form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.

AASHTO HB-17 Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges ANSI C80.1 Electrical Rigid Steel Conduit (ERSC) ANSI/NEMA FB1 Fittings, Cast Metal Boxes, and Conduit Bodies for Conduit, Electrical Metallic

Tubing, and Cable ASTM 1962-11 Standard Guide for Use of Maxi-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of Polyethylene Pipe or Conduit under Obstacles, Including River Crossings ASTM F2160-10 Standard Specification for Solid Wall High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

Conduit Based on Controlled Outside Diameter (OD) NEMA RN 1 PVC Externally Coated Galvanized Rigid Steel Conduit and Intermediate Metal

Conduit NEMA TC 2 Electrical Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Conduit NEMA TC 3 PVC Fittings for Use with Rigid PVC Conduit and Tubing NEMA TC 7 Smooth-Wall Coilable Electrical Polyethylene Conduit UL1242 Electrical Intermediate Metal Conduit Steel UL514B Conduit, Tubing, and Cable Fittings UL514C Nonmetallic Outlet Boxes, Flush-Device Boxes, and Covers UL6 Electrical Rigid Metal Conduit – Steel UL651 Schedule 40, 80, Type EB and A Rigid PVC Conduit and Fittings UL651A Type EB and A Rigid PVC Conduit and HDPE Conduit

Order of precedence

In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.

B.3 Safety

All underground duct bank construction shall be in accordance with OSHA Standards Part 1926 and FAA Order JO 3900.57A.

B.4 Airport Underground Duct Banks and Conduits

Description

This section consists of underground duct bank (concrete-encased), direct-buried conduit (not concrete-encased) and directionally bored conduit installed per this specification at the locations and per the dimensions, designs, and details shown on the plans. This section includes material specifications and requirements installing of all underground conduits and individual and multiple duct banks. It also includes all turfing trenching, backfilling, removal, and restoration of any paved or turfed areas; concrete encasement, mandrelling, pulling lines, duct markers, plugging of conduits, and the testing of the installation as a completed system ready for installation of cables per the plans and specifications.

https://www.osha.gov/law-regs.html

Equipment and materials

Conduits shall be one of the following types:

a. Steel conduit

a. Rigid galvanized steel (RGS)

b. PVC coated RGS

b. Plastic conduit

a. Rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (Schedule 40 or 80)

b. High density polyethylene (HDPE)

Conduits shall be installed in one of the following methods:

a. Duct bank (concrete-encased)

b. Direct-buried (not concrete-encased)

c. Directional boring

Refer to TABLE B-I for acceptable installation methods for each type of conduit.

Table B-I. Conduit types and acceptable installation methods

Acceptable installation methods

Conduit Type Duct bank (concrete-encased)

Direct-buried (not concrete-encased)

Directional boring

RGS Yes…