6.2.9 Naval Ships' Technical Manual

NAVAL SHIPS’ TECHNICAL MANUAL

CHAPTER 074

VOLUME 3 - GAS FREE

ENGINEERING

THIS CHAPTER SUPERSEDES CHAPTER 074, VOLUME 3, DATED 30 SEPTEMBER

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT B: DISTRIBUTION AUTHORIZED TO U.S. GOVERNMENT

AGENCIES ONLY: ADMINISTRATIVE AND OPERATIONAL USE. (1 DECEMBER 1984)

OTHER REQUESTS FOR THIS DOCUMENT MUST BE REFERRED TO THE NAVAL SEA

SYSTEMS COMMAND (SEA-00T3).

WARNING: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS TECHNICAL DATA WHOSE EXPORT IS

RESTRICTED BY THE ARMS EXPORT CONTROL ACT (TITLE 22, U.S.C., SEC. 2751, ET

SEQ.) OR EXECUTIVE ORDER 12470. VIOLATIONS OF THESE EXPORT LAWS ARE

SUBJECT TO SEVERE CRIMINAL PENALTIES. DISSEMINATE IN ACCORDANCE WITH

PROVISIONS OF OPNAVINST 5510.161, REFERENCE (JJ).

DESTRUCTION NOTICE: DESTROY BY ANY METHOD THAT WILL PREVENT DISCLO-

SURE OF CONTENTS OR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DOCUMENT.

S9086-CH-STM-030/CH-074V3R3

REVISION 3

TITLE-1

@@FIpgtype@@TITLE@@!FIpgtype@@

PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF COMMANDER, NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND.

23 APR 1998

certification sheet

S9086-CH-STM-030/CH-074V3R3

TITLE-2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter/Paragraph Page

074 GAS FREE ENGINEERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-1

SECTION 18. GAS FREE ENGINEERING PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . 74-1

074-18.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-1

074-18.2 BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-1

074-18.3 APPLICABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-1

074-18.4 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-1

074-18.5 BASIC PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-1

074-18.6 STAFFING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-2

074-18.7 BASIC AND LEGAL PROVISIONS FOR GAS FREE ENGINEERING TRAINING

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-2

074-18.8 GAS FREE ENGINEERING PERSONNEL (GFEP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-3

074-18.9 GAS FREE ENGINEERING TRAINING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-4

074-18.10 PROGRAM EVALUATION AND RECERTIFICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-4

074-18.11 CERTIFICATION/RECERTIFICATION RECORDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-4

074-18.12 GFE PERSONNEL AUTHORITY LIMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-5 074-18.12.1 SHIPBOARD GFE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-5 074-18.12.2 NON-MARITIME SHORE ACTIVITY GFE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-5 074-18.12.3 MARITIME SHORE ACTIVITY GFE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-5

074-18.13 CONTRACTOR OPERATIONS INSIDE U.S. TERRITORIAL WATERS. . . . . . 74-5

074-18.14 CONTRACTOR OPERATIONS OUTSIDE U.S. TERRITORIAL WATERS. . . . . 74-6

074-18.15 NAVY GAS FREE CERTIFICATION AND TEST LOG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-6

074-18.16 RECORDS RETENTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-6

074-18.17 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF GFE PERSONNEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-6 074-18.17.1 GFE DUTIES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-6

074-18.17.2 GFEA DUTIES (NOT APPLICABLE TO SUBMARINES).. . . . . . . . . 74-7

074-18.17.3 GFEPO DUTIES (NOT APPLICABLE TO SUBMARINES).. . . . . . . . 74-7

074-18.17.4 POST-FIRE ATMOSPHERIC TESTS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-8

074-18.18 RESPONSIBILITIES FOR GAS FREE ENGINEERING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-8 i

TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued

074-18.18.1 NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND (NAVSEA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-8

074-18.18.2 CHIEF OF NAVAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING (CNET). . . . . . . . . 74-8

074-18.18.3 BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY (BUMED).. . . . . . . . . . . 74-8

074-18.18.4 COMMANDING OFFICER (CO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-8

074-18.18.5 DEPARTMENT HEADS, DIVISION OFFICERS AND PETTY OFFICERS.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-8

074-18.18.6 OFFICERS AND PETTY OFFICERS IN CHARGE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-8

074-18.18.7 OPERATING PERSONNEL.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-9

074-18.19 REPORTING OMISSIONS OR ERRORS IN MANUALS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-9

SECTION 19. GAS FREE ENGINEERING PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-9

074-19.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-9

074-19.2 NEED FOR GAS FREEING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-9

074-19.3 SOURCES OF CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-9

074-19.4 ENTRY AND WORK RESTRICTIONS FOR CONFINED SPACES. . . . . . . . . 74-10

074-19.5 WORKING ALONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-11

074-19.6 EXPOSURE LEVELS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-11

074-19.7 PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-12

074-19.8 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-12

074-19.9 BREATHABLE AIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-12

074-19.10 ACCESS TO HAZARDOUS SPACES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-12

074-19.11 TESTING PROCEDURES AND RESULTING RESTRICTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . 74-13

074-19.12 PERIODIC AND CONTINUOUS TESTING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-14

074-19.13 CONDITIONS FOR CLASSIFYING CONFINED SPACES AS IDLH. . . . . . . . 74-15

074-19.14 IDLH SPACE ENTRY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-15

074-19.15 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ENTRY AND WORK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-19

SECTION 20. NAVY GAS FREE CERTIFICATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-21

074-20.1 NAVY GAS FREE CERTIFICATES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-21

074-20.2 SPACES INITIALLY CERTIFIED BY GFEPO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-21 ii

074-20.3 SPACES INITIALLY CERTIFIED BY GFE/GFEA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-21

074-20.4 SPACES DELEGATED BY GFE/GFEA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-21

074-20.5 CERTIFICATE ISSUANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-22

074-20.6 CERTIFICATION AND TEST LOG USAGE AND CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . 74-22

074-20.7 DEFINITIONS FOR EXISTING CONDITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-27

074-20.8 DISTRIBUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-28

074-20.9 RETESTING AND RECERTIFYING SPACES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-28

074-20.10 SIGNAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-29

SECTION 21. VENTILATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-29

074-21.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-29

074-21.2 BASIC VENTILATION OBJECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-29

074-21.3 VENTILATION BEFORE ENTRY OR WORK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-30

074-21.4 VENTILATION TYPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-30 074-21.4.1 GENERAL VENTILATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-30 074-21.4.2 CALCULATING GENERAL VENTILATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-30 074-21.4.3 LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-31 074-21.4.4 DILUTION VENTILATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-31

074-21.5 VENTILATING FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-31

074-21.6 VENTILATION SYSTEM COMPONENT PLACEMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-31 074-21.6.1 INLET LOCATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-32 074-21.6.2 EXHAUST OUTLET LOCATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-32

074-21.6.3 DUCT LOCATIONS FOR CONTAMINANTS LIGHTER OR HEAVIER

THAN AIR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-32 074-21.6.4 BLOWING VERSUS DRAWING AIR.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-32 074-21.6.5 FAN LOCATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-32 074-21.6.6 DUCTING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-34

074-21.7 VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIFIC OPERATIONS. . . . . . . . . 74-34

074-21.7.1 VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS FOR WELDING, CUTTING,

BURNING AND BRAZING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-34

074-21.7.2 LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-34 074-21.7.3 TOXIC METALS VENTILATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-34 074-21.7.4 DILUTION VENTILATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-35

074-21.7.4.1 Dilution Ventilation Volume Formula.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-35 iii

074-21.7.4.2 Dilution Ventilation Velocity Formula.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-35

074-21.7.5 VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS FOR PAINTING, COATINGS AND

USE OF SOLVENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-36

074-21.7.6 DILUTION FOR SPRAY PAINTING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-36

074-21.8 DILUTION TO LEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-37

074-21.9 DILUTION VENTILATION FLOW RATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-37

SECTION 22. HOT WORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-39

074-22.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-39

074-22.2 HOT WORK DEFINED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-39

074-22.3 CLEANING AND VENTILATING FOR HOT WORK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-40

074-22.4 FIRE WATCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-40

074-22.5 FIRE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-40

074-22.6 HOT WORK LOCATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-41 074-22.6.1 BOUNDARY SPACES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-41 074-22.6.2 PIPES, TUBES, COILS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-41

074-22.6.3 HOT WORK ON CLOSED CONTAINERS OR STRUCTURES.. . . . . . 74-41

074-22.6.4 HOT WORK NEAR PRESERVATIVE COATINGS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-41

074-22.6.5 HOT WORK NEAR DAMAGED SURFACES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-42

074-22.6.6 HOT WORK NEAR PRESSURIZED SYSTEMS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-42

074-22.6.7 HOT WORK NEAR INSULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-42

074-22.6.8 HOT WORK NEAR AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES. . . . . . . . . . 74-43

074-22.7 HAZARDOUS BY-PRODUCTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-43

074-22.8 GAS WELDING AND CUTTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-43 074-22.8.1 COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-43

074-22.8.2 GAS WELDING AND CUTTING EQUIPMENT.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-43

074-22.8.3 GAS SUPPLIES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-43

074-22.9 ELECTRIC ARC PROCESSES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-44 074-22.9.1 ELECTRIC ARC UNITS OR MACHINES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-44 074-22.9.2 ELECTRIC ARC EQUIPMENT.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-44 074-22.9.3 ELECTRODE HOLDERS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-44 074-22.9.4 INERT GAS WELDING PROCESSES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-44

SECTION 23. SPACE CLEANING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-44

074-23.1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-44 iv

074-23.2 COLD WORK DEFINED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-44

074-23.3 GAS FREE ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-44

074-23.4 GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-45

074-23.5 CLEANING METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-45

074-23.6 STEAM CLEANING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-45

SECTION 24. INERTING, PRESSING-UP AND STEAM BLANKETING . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-46

074-24.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-46

074-24.2 RESTRICTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-46

074-24.3 GAS INERTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-46 074-24.3.1 INERTING PRECAUTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-47 074-24.3.2 EXHAUST VENTILATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-47 074-24.3.3 GAS INERTING GENERAL PROCEDURES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-47

074-24.4 PRESSING-UP RESTRICTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-48

074-24.5 STEAM BLANKETING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-49

074-24.6 STEAM BLANKETING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-49

SECTION 25. EMERGENCY RESCUE PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-50

074-25.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-50

074-25.2 RESPONSIBILITIES OF RESCUE PERSONNEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-50

074-25.3 EQUIPMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-51

074-25.4 ENTRY PROCEDURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-52

074-25.5 RESCUE PROCEDURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-53

074-25.6 ATTENDING TO VICTIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-54

074-25.7 RESCUE PERSONNEL TRAINING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-55

SECTION 26. POST-FIRE ATMOSPHERIC TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-56

074-26.1 POST-FIRE ATMOSPHERIC TESTING ON SURFACE SHIPS. . . . . . . . . . . . 74-56

074-26.2 POST-FIRE ATMOSPHERIC TESTING ON SUBMARINES. . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-56 v

074-26.3 LOCATIONS FOR ATMOSPHERIC TESTING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-57 074-26.3.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-57 074-26.3.2 SMALL FIRES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-58 074-26.3.3 GROWING FIRES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-58 074-26.3.4 LARGE FIRES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-58

SECTION 27. NAVY GAS FREE INSTRUMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-58

074-27.1 APPROVED INSTRUMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-58

074-27.2 INSTRUMENT LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-59

074-27.3 CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-59

074-27.4 FOUR GAS ANALYZER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-60

074-27.5 EXCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-60

074-27.6 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-60

074-27.7 FOUR GAS ANALYZER KIT COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-62 074-27.7.1 ANALYZER UNIT (INSTRUMENT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-62

074-27.7.2 REMOTE SAMPLING EQUIPMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-62

074-27.7.3 BATTERY CHARGER.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-62

074-27.7.4 SPECIAL TOOLS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-62

074-27.7.5 PROTECTIVE SHEATH AND MOUNTS.. . . . . . . . . . . . 74-62

074-27.7.6 MANUFACTURER’S COMMERCIAL TECHNICAL

MANUAL (REFERENCE MANUAL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-62

074-27.7.7 FOUR GAS ANALYZER KIT CARRYING CASE. . . . . . . . 74-62

074-27.8 CALIBRATION KIT COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-62

074-27.9 USE OF THE FOUR GAS ANALYZER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-63 074-27.9.1 PRE-CHECK.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-63

074-27.9.2 TURN ON/OFF.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-63 074-27.9.3 OPERATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-63

074-27.9.4 METHODS OF SAMPLING.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-63

074-27.10 ACCURACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-63

074-27.11 RANGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-63

074-27.12 ALARM CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-64

074-27.13 CALIBRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-64

074-27.14 MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-64 vi

A. GAS FREE ENGINEERING INFORMATION SOURCES (SHIPBOARD) . . . A-1

B. INTRODUCTION TO SHIPBOARD GAS FREE ENGINEERING . . . . . . . . B-1

C. SAMPLE GAS FREE ENGINEERING NOTEBOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

074-C.1 PURPOSE OF NOTEBOOK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

074-C.2 NOTEBOOK CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

D. NAVY GAS FREE CERTIFICATION AND TEST LOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1

Appendix E (NEW) SHIPBOARD HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERES AND

COMPARTMENTS IDENTIFICATION TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1

F. HOW TO READ MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-1

G. PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1

H. GAS FREE ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT REFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . H-1

I. APPROVED GFE SIGNAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1

J. METRIC CONVERSION CHART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-1

K. PORTABLE GAS FREE INSTRUMENT CERTIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . K-1

074-K.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-1

074-K.2 CLASS I LOCATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-1

074-K.3 CLASS I, DIVISION 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-1

074-K.4 GROUPS A - D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-1

074-K.5 NRTLs CERTIFIED BY OSHA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-2

074-K.6 GAS FREE INSTRUMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-3

074-K.7 AUTHORIZED GAS FREE INSTRUMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-3

074-K.8 PARTS MANUFACTURERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-3

L. CHEMICAL DETECTION TUBES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L-1

074-L.1 PURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L-1

074-L.2 SYSTEM COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L-1 vii

074-L.2.1 DETECTOR TUBE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L-1 074-L.2.2 PUMP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L-2

074-L.2.3 CALIBRATED SCALES AND COLOR STANDARDS. . . . . . . . . . . . L-3

074-L.2.4 LONG-TERM DETECTOR TUBE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L-3

074-L.3 THE TESTING PROCESS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L-3

074-L.4 CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF DETECTOR TUBE SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . L-4

074-L.5 PAPERLESS ORDERING PLACEMENT SYSTEM (POPS). . . . . . . . . . . . . L-4

074-L.6 PROPER DISPOSAL OF DETECTOR TUBES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L-5

M. INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M-1 viii

LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

074-19-1. ANSI REQUIREMENTS FOR BREATHABLE AIR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-12

074-26-1. TOXIC GAS EXPOSURE LIMITS FROM THE SUBMARINE ATMOSPHERE

CONTROL MANUAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-57

074-E-1. HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE IDENTIFICATION TABLE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1

074-E-2. SHIPBOARD COMPARTMENT HAZARDOUS IDENTIFICATION TABLE. . . . E-2

074-J-1. METRIC CONVERSION CHART. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-1 ix

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure Title Page

074-19-1 Gas Free Engineering Flow Chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-20

074-20-1. Navy Gas Free Certification and Test Log. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-23

074-21-1. Ventilation Component Placement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-33

074-21-2. Duct Diameter Opening Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-36

074-21-3. LELs/Vapor Volume of Some Commonly Used Solvents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-38

074-D-1. NAVY GAS FREE CERTIFICATION AND TEST LOG (Sheet 1 of 2). . . . . . . D-2

074-D-1. NAVY GAS FREE CERTIFICATION AND TEST LOG (Sheet 2 of 2). . . . . . . D-3

074-F-1. DOD Hazardous Materials Information System (Sheet 1 of 5). . . . . . . . . . . . . F-3

074-F-1. DOD Hazardous Materials Information System (Sheet 2 of 5). . . . . . . . . . . . . F-4

074-F-1. DOD Hazardous Materials Information System (Sheet 3 of 5). . . . . . . . . . . . . F-5

074-F-1. DOD Hazardous Materials Information System (Sheet 4 of 5). . . . . . . . . . . . . F-6

074-F-1. DOD Hazardous Materials Information System (Sheet 5 of 5). . . . . . . . . . . . . F-7

074-I-1. Shipboard Compartment Identified IDLH by GFE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-2

074-I-2. Shipboard Compartment Requires GFE Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-3

074-I-3. Shipboard Compartment Cleared by GFE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-1

074-K-1. UL Trademarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-4

074-K-2. Factory Mutual Trademarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-5

074-K-3. Gas Free Instruments in the Stock System (Sheet 1 of 4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-6

074-K-3. Gas Free Instruments in the Stock System (Sheet 2 of 4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-7

074-K-3. Gas Free Instruments in the Stock System (Sheet 3 of 4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-8

074-K-3. Gas Free Instruments in the Stock System (Sheet 4 of 4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-9

074-K-4. Gas Free Engineering Instrument Manufacturers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L-1

074-L-1. Chemical Detector Tube. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L-2

074-L-2. Rapid Opening Time Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L-5

074-L-3. 30 Minute Leak Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L-6

074-L-4. Toxic Vapor Detection Tubes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .L-7 x

CHAPTER 74

GAS FREE ENGINEERING

SECTION 18.

GAS FREE ENGINEERING PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS

074-18.1 INTRODUCTION

Entry into, or work in or on confined spaces may cause fires, explosions, injury, illness or death. Hazards result from flammable or explosive materials or atmospheres, toxic materials or atmospheres, or oxygen-depleted or -enriched atmospheres. If not normally inhabited, such confined spaces shall be considered unsafe for entry or work until they have been tested and issued the required Navy Gas Free Certification and Test Log (seeNSTM Chapter 074, Volume 3, Section 20). Definitions necessary for usingNSTM Chapter 074, Volume 3 , are in the Glossary.

074-18.2 BACKGROUND

The U.S. Navy has long practiced the science of gas free engineering (GFE) to protect life and U.S. govern-ment property. In 1970, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, PL 91-596, was signed into law to establish regulations and standards which govern occupational safety and health matters including gas free engineering.

These regulations and standards are specified in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 29 for many aspects of gas free engineering. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducts research and prepares recommendations for safety and health standards in support of OSHA. Department of Defense Occupational Safety and Health Program Instruction, DOD 6055.1 and Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual Instruction, OPNAVINST 5100.19 (series), provide overall guidance to con-duct gas free engineering programs. Additional sources of written information are listed inAppendix A, Gas Free Engineering Information Sources (Shipboard).

074-18.3 APPLICABILITY

The information and procedures in this volume apply to all Naval surface ships and submarines. For shore operations (including ship overhaul and repair at Naval Shore Facilities) NAVSEA S6470-AA-SAF-010,U.S.

Navy Gas Free Engineering Programis the applicable volume. AlthoughNSTM Chapter 074, Volume 3does not apply directly to diving operations (which are conducted in accordance with NAVSEA 0994-LP-0021-9010 and -9020,Navy Diving Manual ), the intent of this gas free engineering program shall be implemented inso-far as practicable.

074-18.4 SCOPE

This manual provides policy, information, guidance and the minimum requirements for gas free engineering aboard Naval ships afloat. However, it cannot cover all conceivable operations and conditions. All personnel involved, therefore, shall understand the underlying intent and principles so that in unusual circumstances, appro-priate procedures to protect personnel and the ship can be followed.

074-18.5 BASIC PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS

A gas free engineering program shall, at a minimum, include:

74-1

a. Observance and enforcement of the procedures specified herein for all applicable confined space entry or work.

b. Staffing of the gas free engineering program with sufficient trained, qualified and certified personnel.

c. Procedures for contacting and utilizing gas free services personnel.

d. Inspection of operations for compliance with this volume.

e. Equipping the gas free engineering program with sufficient operable calibrated test instruments.

f. Training of ship’s force to recognize hazards and safety precautions for confined spaces. Training shall include procedures for requesting gas free services and procedures for helping shipmates in an emergency.

g. Documentation by required records and logs.

074-18.6 STAFFING

All Navy surface ships shall be adequately staffed with personnel trained, qualified and certified in accor-dance withparagraph 074-18.9to perform gas free engineering services. At a minimum, each ship shall have:

a. One person properly trained, qualified, and certified as a shipboard (afloat) gas free engineer (GFE).

b. When specified by the commanding officer (CO), one person trained, qualified, and certified as a gas free engineer assistant (GFEA) to perform duties as specified by the GFE; and

c. A sufficient number of gas free engineering petty officers (GFEPOs), trained, qualified, and certified to meet the workload requirements of the particular ship, to include at a minimum, one GFEPO per ship’s inport/at sea fire party.

In addition to the GFE staff, the fire marshal(s) (FM[s]) is assigned specific hot work duties. These respon-sibilities are set forth in NWP 3-20.31 (formerly NWP 62-1).

On submarines, the medical department representative (MDR) serves as the GFE and shall be trained and qualified in accordance withparagraph 074-18.9to perform gas free engineering services. The MDR’s GFE ser-vices are strictly limited to underway periods. In port GFE services must be obtained from the supporting inter-mediate maintenance activity (IMA). If in port without a supporting IMA, the MDR may check spaces gas free only for submarine personnel. The MDR shall not, under any circumstances, provide gas free services to DOD or contractor civilian personnel in port. IMA GFE personnel may provide GFE services for DOD personnel as outlined inparagraph 074-18.12.1.

074-18.7 BASIC AND LEGAL PROVISIONS FOR GAS FREE ENGINEERING TRAINING

The training and qualification requirements for gas free engineering personnel are the result of careful evalu-ation of the following factors:

a. Normal extent of confined space entry and work aboard surface ships

b. Knowledge, experience and capabilities required to recognize and control gas free engineering hazards

c. Requirements of Public Law 91-596, Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHAct) of 1970.

d. Full understanding of the operation, precautions and limitations of equipment to be worn or used in the space, including:

1 Personnel protective equipment (PPE)

2 Safety equipment

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3 Confined spaces understanding

Shore activity gas free engineering personnel qualification requirements are contained in NAVSEA S6470- AA-SAF-010, U.S. Navy Gas Free Engineering Program. Gas free engineering personnel shall be utilized only for the category for which they have been certified except as authorized herein. An introduction to gas free engi-neering is included asAppendix B. This appendix may be made into view graphs for use with training courses.

074-18.8 GAS FREE ENGINEERING PERSONNEL (GFEP)

GFEP are defined as the GFE, the GFEA and GFEPO(s). The GFE is responsible for establishing and admin-istering the overall shipboard GFE program consistent with the requirements of this volume and with other per-tinent safety, health and fire protection standards.

The GFEA and GFEPOs shall perform the duties and responsibilities specified herein as assigned by the shipboard GFE. Detailed duties and responsibilities of the GFE, GFEA, and GFEPO are set forth inparagraph 074-18.17. The FM has specific hot work duties, set forth inSection 19andSection 22of this volume. The full responsibilities of the FM are set forth in NWP 3-20.31.

The categories of shipboard GFEP, with required qualifications for certification, are as follows:

a. GFE, shipboard (surface afloat). The GFE shall be a chief petty officer or above and shall have satisfactorily completed the formal gas free engineering (afloat) training course specified inparagraph 074-18.9.a or paragraph 074-18.9.d. The GFE will also complete 40 hours of practical on-the-job training (OJT) under the supervision of an official GFE aboard ship or at a maritime shore activity. The GFE shall be certified by the CO, by means of a written letter of certification placed in the member’s service record following the success-ful completion of training and practical requirements.

NOTE

The CO may waive the 40-hour OJT requirement provided the candidate has graduated from an approved GFE training site within the last 36 months and the unit does not have a qualified GFE on board. This waiver must be in writing.

b. GFEA, shipboard (surface afloat). The GFEA shall be an E-6 or above, shall have satisfactorily completed the formal GFE (afloat) training course specified inparagraph 074-18.9.a orparagraph 074-18.9.c, and have writ-ten authorization from the ship’s CO to perform gas free engineering functions.

c. GFEPO (surface afloat). The GFEPO shall be an E-5 or above and shall have satisfactorily completed the for-mal training course specified inparagraph 074-18.9.a. Upon finishing the course, the GFEPO shall complete the applicable gas free engineering sections of the current Personnel Qualifications Statement (PQS) for Dam-age Control Watches, NAVEDTRA 43119-4 (series), under the supervision of the shipboard GFE. GFEPO(s) shall have written authorization from the ship’s CO to perform gas free engineering functions.

d. FM(s). The FM(s) shall have completed the applicable portions of current emergency party PQS, Damage Control Watches, NAVEDTRA 43119-4 (series), and have written authorization from the ship’s CO to perform duties.

e. GFE (subsurface afloat). The GFE (subsurface afloat) shall meet the requirements for acceptance into and sat-isfactorily complete, the Naval Undersea Medical Institute (NUMI) Nuclear Submarine Medicine Course specified inparagraph 074-18.9.b.

All GFEP shall be trained in emergency rescue procedures and gas free engineering procedures and tech-niques, as outlined inSection 25and in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) per the requirements of the Ameri-can Heart or American Red Cross Associations.

74-3

074-18.9 GAS FREE ENGINEERING TRAINING

All ship’s personnel shall receive GFE familiarization during shipboard indoctrination and annually thereaf-ter. Division officers shall arrange with the gas free engineer for personnel and training aids to conduct this train-ing. Appendix Bof NSTM Chapter 074, Volume 3may be used. Records of such training shall be maintained by the division officer. Three official training courses have been established for gas free engineering personnel.

a. Course title -″Gas Free Engineer and Gas Free Engineering Petty Officer for Surface (Afloat) Operations″, Course K-495-0051.

b. Course title -″Submarine Force Independent Duty Corpsman″, NUMI course at Naval Submarine Base, New London, Groton, CT.

c. Course title -″Damage Control Assistant″, Course A-4G-0020, Surface Warfare Officers School Command, Newport, RI. (An integral part of this training course is instruction for certification as a GFE).

d. Course title -″Senior Enlisted Damage Control School″, Course A-495-2055, Fleet Training Center, San Diego, CA. (An integral part of this training course is instruction for certification as a GFE/GFEA).

NOTE

Refer to the CANTRAC for specific course availability dates and locations of schools.

074-18.10 PROGRAM EVALUATION AND RECERTIFICATION

The CO shall require the safety officer to evaluate the gas free engineering program at least annually. The evaluation shall include recertification of GFE personnel. The checklist inAppendix B 8-A of OPNAVINST

5100.19 (series) may be used. Both the safety officer and the GFE shall maintain copies of the annual evaluation.

The safety officer shall not be the GFE. Prior to recertification, GFE personnel shall meet the following require-ments:

a. GFEP to be recertified shall demonstrate that they have satisfactorily engaged in gas free engineering during the year (issue at least 10 certificates).

b. Before recertification, personnel who have not actively engaged in gas free engineering (as defined above) shall complete a minimum of five gas-free evolutions OJT to refresh their gas free engineering skills under the direct supervision of a certified GFE.

c. If the foregoing recertification methods are not feasible, GFEP may be recertified based on a practical and oral or written examination, both of which sufficiently demonstrate capability.

d. Prior to rectification, all GFEP shall complete refresher training in emergency rescue procedures.

e. Periodicity of CPR refresher training shall be in accordance with the requirements of the American Heart or American Red Cross Associations. The safety officer shall ensure that this program is evaluated for compli-ance and effectiveness annually.

074-18.11 CERTIFICATION/RECERTIFICATION RECORDS

074-18.11.1 Certification/recertification letters for assigned GFEP shall be recorded in the individual’s military service record and copies maintained in the GFE’s notebook defined inAppendix C.

74-4

074-18.12 GFE PERSONNEL AUTHORITY LIMITS

The following restrictions shall apply when assigning GFEP for operations which include Navy personnel:

074-18.12.1 SHIPBOARD GFE. Shipboard GFEs are authorized to conduct gas free services, including cold and hot work for military personnel aboard ship. GFEs are authorized to conduct only cold work gas free ser-vices for DOD civilian personnel aboard ship. The only exceptions to this are certain situations concerning civil-ian contractors outside U.S. territorial waters, addressed inparagraph 074-18.14. A shipboard GFE may be assigned as a gas free technician (GFT) at a Naval shipyard or Naval repair facility (i.e., shore intermediate maintenance activity (SIMA)) under the supervision of the shipyard or ship repair facility GFE. Shipboard GFE operations are to be limited to U.S. Naval vessels.

074-18.12.2 NON-MARITIME SHORE ACTIVITY GFE. A non-maritime shore activity GFE shall not be assigned GFE duties aboard ship (afloat) operations or environments, except where specifically trained for such operations or in an emergency.

074-18.12.3 MARITIME SHORE ACTIVITY GFE. A non-maritime shore activity GFE shall not be assigned GFE duties aboard ship (afloat) operations or environments, except where specifically trained for such operations or in an emergency.

074-18.13 CONTRACTOR OPERATIONS INSIDE U.S. TERRITORIAL WATERS

Contractor operations which involve confined space entry or work are governed by 29 CFR 1915 for mari-time operations. When contractor personnel perform work aboard Navy ships, the following provisions shall be observed:

a. When performing maritime operations, the contractor shall provide a National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) -certified marine chemist, certified industrial hygienist or other qualified or competent person, as appropriate, under the provisions of 29 CFR 1915. If a marine chemist is not reasonably available, the contractor may pro-vide a qualified alternate person as recommended by the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, U.S. Coast Guard, under the provisions of 29 CFR 1915.

b. When in U.S. territorial waters, there are no legal provisions for Navy GFEP to perform GFE services for contractor operations. Therefore, Navy GFEP shall not certify spaces for contractor operations or personnel, except where failure to do so would create an extreme emergency for personnel and property and increase potential liability. All such cases must be authorized by the CO and the service to be performed personally conducted or supervised by the GFE.

c. To protect Navy personnel, ships and facilities, the CO shall, in all cases of contractor operations aboard Navy ships, ensure that the contracting officer invokes or has invoked requirements for contractor gas free person-nel and operations which shall meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1915.

d. Supervisor of Shipbuilding, Conversion and Repair and ship’s force personnel may occupy spaces concur-rently with contractor personnel for the purpose of monitoring contract performance or inspections based solely upon appropriate contractor representative declaration that the space is gas free. In such cases, Navy gas free engineering services (to declare the space gas free perparagraph 074-18.13.e, below) are not required but may be provided at the discretion of the CO. All other concurrent Navy and contractor work in the space must comply with the provision ofparagraph 074-18.13.e.

e. When Navy and contractor personnel are to conduct work in a space at the same time, both the Navy GFE and the appropriate contractor representative shall declare the space gas free in accordance with applicable

74-5 requirements. The contractor shall be informed of the Navy GFE’s findings. However, despite such gas free-ing and subsequent notification by Navy personnel, the contractor shall be informed that the contractor retains legal obligation for inspections and tests and for safety of contractor personnel.

074-18.14 CONTRACTOR OPERATIONS OUTSIDE U.S. TERRITORIAL WATERS

When outside U.S. territorial waters, Navy GFE personnel may perform services and certify compartments on U.S. Navy ships commensurate with their qualifications (i.e., GFE/GFEA/GFEPO) for the following catego-ries of contractor personnel:

a. U.S. contractor personnel when at sea or in port outside U.S. territorial waters, provided that the contractor’s competent person is not reasonably available.

b. Non-U.S. contractor personnel when at sea or in port outside U.S. territorial waters, provided that the host nation’s competent person or alternate qualified person is not reasonably available and provided that doing so does not violate the host nation’s laws, regulations, treaty agreements or contract provisions.

074-18.15 NAVY GAS FREE CERTIFICATION AND TEST LOG

The Navy Gas Free Certification and Test Log, as required bySection 20, NSTM Chapter 074, Volume 3, and illustrated inAppendix D, shall be issued and maintained for each confined space that is inspected or tested.

074-18.16 RECORDS RETENTION

All Navy Gas Free Certification and Test Log forms shall be maintained by the ship for a period of twelve months from completion date of the specific job for which they were generated. In addition, a Gas Free Engi-neering Notebook shall be maintained in accordance withAppendix C.

074-18.17 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF GFE PERSONNEL

GFE personnel shall perform those functions set forth below.

074-18.17.1 GFE DUTIES. The GFE shall be responsible for establishing and administering the gas free engi-neering program (paragraph 074-18.5) to include the following:

a. Ensure that required instruments, in sufficient quantity to meet the requirements of ship gas free operations, are procured, maintained and calibrated.

b. Ensure that all shipboard GFE personnel are properly trained, PQS qualified and certified by the CO in the following:

1 Proper gas free engineering procedures

2 Proper use and field calibration of instruments

3 Selection, issue and maintenance of personnel protective equipment (PPE)

4 Selection, issue and maintenance of respiratory protection equipment from the respiratory protection officer

(RPO)

5 Applicable emergency procedures for the specific ship.

c. Ensure that personnel and training aids are available to the division officers to conduct shipboard gas free engineering training and understand confined spaces.

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d. Provide for:

1 Evaluation and testing of confined spaces

2 Preparation, issuance and posting of gas free engineering certificates which indicate the conditions in con-fined spaces

3 Control measures required for the specific space and operation

e. Establish requirements for cleaning, ventilating, inerting, pressing-up or other treatments which may be required for confined spaces.

f. Ensure that proper procedures are followed before, during and after hot work in, on or adjoining confined spaces.

g. Observe, as needed, operations to verify that personnel do not work alone (paragraph 074-19.5).

h. Review emergency rescue procedures and ensure that appropriate personnel know how to perform such pro-cedures.

i. Ensure that work is stopped and all personnel are removed from a space if an unsafe condition is detected or suspected.

j. Notify the CO (or the appropriate department head or division officer) when any hazardous situation has been confirmed, including any cases of work stoppage or personnel evacuation.

k. Maintain gas free documentation as required, including the Navy Gas Free Certification and Test Log, Form OPNAV 5100/16(5-91) (Appendix D).

l. Develop and maintain a gas free engineering notebook. SeeAppendix Cfor guidance.

m. Conduct tests of confined spaces as required herein.

n. Conduct tests for shipboard compartments that are involved with hazardous environments caused as a result of a casualty.

074-18.17.2 GFEA DUTIES (NOT APPLICABLE TO SUBMARINES). When assigned, the GFEA shall per-form the same duties as the GFE, and as detailed inparagraph 074-18.17.1.

074-18.17.3 GFEPO DUTIES (NOT APPLICABLE TO SUBMARINES). GFEPOs shall:

a. Conduct tests of confined spaces as required by this manual and as prescribed and directed by the GFE.

b. Ensure that gas free engineering certificates are correctly issued, posted, maintained and updated and that all requirements are properly observed.

c. Stop all work and require all personnel to evacuate a confined space when an unsafe condition is detected or suspected; immediately notify the GFE and the officer or petty officer in charge of the operation.

d. Maintain, field calibrate and properly utilize required test instruments.

e. Provide emergency support as required.

f. Provide personnel briefings before entry or work as directed by the GFE/GFEA.

g. Ensure that personnel do not enter or work alone or unobserved in hazardous operations or environments in confined spaces.

h. Make log entries and perform other record-keeping duties as prescribed by the GFE.

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074-18.17.4 POST-FIRE ATMOSPHERIC TESTS. Shipboard personnel authorized to conduct post-fire atmo-spheric tests for the purpose of certifying the space safe for personnel are the GFE, the GFEAs or the GFEPOs.

Post-fire atmospheric testing is covered inSection 26.

074-18.18 RESPONSIBILITIES FOR GAS FREE ENGINEERING

The following is a description of supervisory responsibilities for GFE personnel.

074-18.18.1 NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND (NAVSEA). NAVSEA, under the direction of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), exercises general supervision over, and provides technical support for, the Navy GFE program for Naval ships afloat.

074-18.18.2 CHIEF OF NAVAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING (CNET). CNET establishes the curriculum for afloat GFE courses. Curricula shall meet the requirements ofNSTM Chapter 074, Volume 3.

074-18.18.3 BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY (BUMED). Provides assistance and concurrent authority in the administration of policy, procedures and curricula developed within the scope of submarine gas free engineering.

074-18.18.4 COMMANDING OFFICER (CO). The CO, consistent with U.S. Navy regulations and directives from higher authority, is solely responsible for the safety and health of personnel and the protection of property within his command. The CO must establish and be responsible for a comprehensive gas free engineering pro-gram which meets the intent and specific requirements of this volume. It is also the CO’s responsibility to require that other participating agencies (including contractors) conduct their operations in accordance with applicable laws and standards. The absence of a requirement in this volume or the cited reference does not necessarily indi-cate that no safeguards are required. If no existing standard or regulation applies or if interpretation is necessary, the CO shall submit to Commander, NAVSEA 03, full details while taking necessary action to control the iden-tified or suspected hazard.

074-18.18.5 DEPARTMENT HEADS, DIVISION OFFICERS AND PETTY OFFICERS. Department heads, division officers, petty officers and others who control spaces, operations or personnel covered herein shall ensure that:

a. The provisions, procedures and requirements contained in this volume are fully met.

b. GFE personnel perform prescribed inspections and tests, apply all required controls and certify spaces safe or unsafe for entry and proposed operations.

074-18.18.6 OFFICERS AND PETTY OFFICERS IN CHARGE. Officers and petty officers in charge of entry, work in or on confined spaces shall be familiar with the applicable provisions of this volume. They shall act upon potential hazards in areas and operations under their control and shall:

a. Explain to all personnel under their immediate supervision possible hazards and necessary precautions for proposed operations.

b. Strictly enforce the safety, health and fire protection requirements of this volume and pertinent referenced standards and regulations.

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c. Report promptly to their immediate superiors any unsafe conditions or procedures and, if necessary, cease all operations until the situation has been corrected.

074-18.18.7 OPERATING PERSONNEL. All personnel entering or working in or on confined spaces are responsible for understanding and observing the applicable safety, health and fire protection regulations. Further, all personnel shall:

a. Report any unsafe condition, procedure or equipment to their immediate supervisors.

b. Warn personnel who are endangered by improper operating procedures.

c. Report to their superior any injury or health problem occurring in the course of duty or affecting the safe per-formance of duties.

074-18.19 REPORTING OMISSIONS OR ERRORS IN MANUALS

Report all errors, omissions, discrepancies and suggestions for improvements to NAVSEA technical manuals to the Naval Sea Data Support Activity (NSDSA), Naval Ship Weapon Systems Engineering Station (Code 5700), Port Hueneme, CA 93043, on NAVSEA Technical Manual Deficiency/Evaluation Report, Form NAVSEA 4160/1.

Three copies of the form are included at the end of this volume. All comments will be thoroughly investigated and originators will be advised of the resulting action. Additional copies of Form NAVSEA 4160/1 may be req-uisitioned from Naval Publications and Form Center (NAVPUBFORMCEN), Philadelphia, PA 19120.

SECTION 19.

GAS FREE ENGINEERING PROCEDURES

074-19.1 INTRODUCTION

Section 19contains information and requirements for the conduct of gas free engineering procedures. Nec-essary definitions are included in the Glossary. For additional guidance, a sample gas free engineering notebook with example checklists is provided inAppendix C.

074-19.2 NEED FOR GAS FREEING

Personnel entering, or working in or on confined spaces may encounter hazards, including:

a. Lack of sufficient oxygen to support life

b. Excessive levels of oxygen which increase the danger of fire or explosions

c. Presence of flammable or explosive atmospheres or materials; and

d. Presence of toxic atmospheres or materials

Because hazards are not always readily apparent, nor detectable by odor or sight, it is imperative to test for hazardous conditions prior to entering confined spaces.

074-19.3 SOURCES OF CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS

Many factors need to be evaluated before entry into, or work in or on confined spaces. Such evaluations shall include, at a minimum:

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a. Whether present or previous contents have introduced flammables, toxicants or oxygen-depletion or -enrichment. For example:

1 Spaces containing organic materials such as fruits, vegetables, natural lines or standing sea water will potentially deplete the oxygen and further deteriorate into hydrogen sulfide and, potentially, methane.

2 Rust is a good indicator of potential oxygen deficiencies and hydrogen gas buildup.

3 Spaces which have been painted and…