6.2.4 Commandant Instruction

U.S. Department of Homeland Security United States Coast Guard

SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

HEALTH MANUAL

COMDTINST M5100.47

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COMDTNOTE 5100

20 DEC 2006

COMMANDANT NOTICE 5100 CANCELLED:

19 DEC 2007

Subj: CH-11 TO SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH MANUAL, COMDTINST M5100.47

1. PURPOSE. This Notice publishes CH-11 to the Safety and Environmental Health Manual, COMDTINST M5100.47. Intended users are all units which maintain the Manual.

2. ACTION. Area and district commanders, commanders of maintenance and logistics commands, commanding officers of integrated support commands, commanding officers of headquarters units, assistant commandants for directorates, Judge Advocate General and special staff offices at Headquarters shall ensure compliance with the provisions of this Notice. No paper distribution will be made of this Notice. Internet release is authorized.

3. DIRECTIVES AFFECTED. Shore Confined Space Entry, COMDTINST 5100.48A, is cancelled. The Safety and Environmental Health Manual, COMDTINST M5100.47, Chapter 6, “Confined Space Safety Requirements,” is added to Manual.

4. SUMMARY. Chapter 6, Confined Space Entry Requirements, was promulgated to create a centralized location for confined space doctrine within the Coast Guard. Chapter 6, Confined Space Entry Requirements, incorporates confined space policy from the following Coast Guard operational communities: Aircraft Fuel Cell and Tank Entry/Repair, Defender Class Boat Repair, Maritime Law Enforcement Inspections, Shore Based Confined Space Entry, Vessel Repair Dockside and Buoy Repair, Vessel Afloat Entry/Repair, and Marine Safety Merchant Vessel Inspections. Additionally, Chapter 6, Confined Space Entry Requirements, provides detailed guidance on Atmospheric Testing Requirements, Requirements for Contracts and Contractors, and Confined Space Training Requirements.

Commandant United States Coast Guard

2100 Second Street S.W.

Washington, DC 20593-0001 Staff Symbol: CG-1132 Phone: (202) 475-5204

FAX: (202) 475-5910

5. PROCEDURES. No paper distribution will be made of this Manual. Official distribution will be via the Coast Guard Directives System CD-ROM. An electronic version will be located on the Information and Technology, Commandant (CG-612), CGWEB and WWW website at:

http://CGCENTRAL.USCG.MIL/ (Once in CG Central, click on the “RESOURCES” Tab and then “DIRECTIVES”.) http://www.uscg.mil/ccs/cit/cim/directives/welcome.htm. Single chapters of this Manual will also be made available via the Commandant (CG-112) Publications and Directives website at: http://www.uscg.mil/hq/g-w/g-wk/wkh/pubs/index.htm. For personnel who keep a paper copy of the Manual, remove and insert the following pages:

a. Remove and insert the following pages:

Remove: Insert:

Table of Contents, p. i thru iv, CH-10 Table of Contents, p. i thru v, CH -11 Chapter 6, CH-11

6. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT AND IMPACT CONSIDERATIONS. Environmental considerations were examined in developing this Manual and are incorporated herein.

7. PUBLICATIONS AVAILABILITY. The Publications cited in this chapter are available at: http://www.uscg.mil/ccs/cit/cim/directives/welcome.htm, or on the OSHA website at:

http://www.osha.gov/.

8. FORMS/REPORTS. None.

PAUL J. HIGGINS/s/ Director of Health and Safety

Encl: (1) CH-11 to Safety and Environmental Health Manual, COMDTINST M5100.47

2100 2nd Street, SW

Staff Symbol: (GG-113) Phone: (202) 267-1883

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20 JUL 2005

COMMANDANT NOTICE 5100 CANCELLED:

19 JUL 2006

Subj: CH-10 TO SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH MANUAL, COMDTINST M5100.47

1. PURPOSE. This Notice publishes CH-10 to the Safety and Environmental Health Manual, COMDTINST M5100.47. Intended users of this directive are all units which maintain the Manual.

2. ACTION. Area and district commanders, commanders of maintenance and logistics commands, commanding officers of headquarters units, and assistant commandants for directorates, Judge Advocate General, and special staff offices at Headquarters shall ensure compliance with the provisions of this Notice. Internet release authorized.

3. SUMMARY OF CHANGES. Chapter 10, Traffic Safety, has been renamed to Motor Vehicle Safety, and has been completely revised. All information has been updated to reflect changes in safety practices that have occurred over the past 12 years. Specific changes include the addition of detailed maximum on-duty driving time provisions, and command requirements to ensure personnel operating all terrain vehicles (ATV), snowmobiles, trucks, trailers, vans and sport utility vehicles are properly trained to use, and have demonstrated their proficiency to operate, these vehicles. All military motorcycle operators are now required to complete training and wear prescribed personal protective equipment (PPE) while operating a motorcycle on- and off-duty. Also added is a requirement for all ATV operators on official business and onboard a Coast Guard facility to complete approved training and to wear prescribed PPE, and for all military ATV operators to wear prescribed PPE whenever operating an ATV.

4. PROCEDURES. No paper distribution will be made of this Notice. Official distribution will be made via Coast Guard Directives System CD-ROM and website at: http://cgweb.uscg.mil/g-c/g-ccs/g-cit/g-cim/directives/welcome.htm or http://www.uscg.mil/ccs/cit/cim/directives/welcome.htm. Message notification will announce changes and effective dates.

G H

NON-STANDARD DISTRIBUTION:

http://cgweb.uscg.mil/g-c/g-ccs/g-cit/g-cim/directives/welcome.htm http://cgweb.uscg.mil/g-c/g-ccs/g-cit/g-cim/directives/welcome.htm http://www.uscg.mil/ccs/cit/cim/directives/welcome.htm

a. Remove and insert the following pages:

Remove: Insert:

Table of Contents p. i thru iv, CH-9 Table of Contents p. i thru iv, CH-10 Chapter 10 Chapter 10, CH-10

PAUL J. HIGGINS /s/

Encl: (1) CH-10 to Safety and Environmental Health Manual, COMDTINST M5100.47

Staff Symbol: G-WKS Phone: (202) 267-1883

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08 SEP 2003

COMMANDANT NOTICE 5100 CANCELLED:

08 SEP 2004

Subj: CH-9 TO SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH MANUAL, COMDTINST M5100.47

1. PURPOSE. This Notice publishes CH-9 to the Safety and Environmental Health Manual, COMDTINST M5100.47. Intended users of this directive are all units which maintain the Manual.

2. ACTION. Area and district commanders, commanders of maintenance and logistics commands, commanding officers of headquarters units, and assistant commandants for directorates, Chief Counsel, and special staff offices at Headquarters shall ensure compliance with the provisions of this Notice.

Internet release authorized.

3. DIRECTIVES AFFECTED. Public Pool Guide, COMDTINST M6200.7, is cancelled.

4. SUMMARY OF CHANGES. Chapter 4, Occupational Health, was completely updated. Changes include updates to the Occupational Medical Surveillance and Evaluation Program to reflect the current program and additional guidance on industrial hygiene and thermal stress. Chapter 5, Environmental Health, was completely updated and is a combination of the old chapters on pest management and sanitation practices. This chapter updates policies on pesticide use and provides additional guidance on habitability and swimming pools, spas, wading pools, and training tanks. Enclosure 3, Medical Officer’s Report, was updated with current forms to be used during a mishap investigation.

5. PROCEDURES. No paper distribution will be made of this Notice. Official distribution will be made via Coast Guard Directives System CD-ROM and website at: http://cgweb.uscg.mil/g-c/g-ccs/g-cit/g-cim/directives/welcome.htm or http://www.uscg.mil/ccs/cit/cim/directives/welcome.htm. Message notification will announce changes and effective dates.

D 3 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 E 1 1 1 1 F 1 1 G H

NON-STANDARD DISTRIBUTION:

http://cgweb.uscg.mil/g-c/g-ccs/g-cit/g-cim/directives/welcome.htm http://cgweb.uscg.mil/g-c/g-ccs/g-cit/g-cim/directives/welcome.htm http://www.uscg.mil/ccs/cit/cim/directives/welcome.htm

a. Remove and insert the following pages:

Remove: Insert:

Table of Contents p. i thru v Table of Contents p. i thru iv, CH-9 Chapter 4 Chapter 4, CH-9 Chapters 5 and 6 Chapter 5, CH-9 Enclosure 3 Enclosure 3, CH-9

/s/

JOYCE M. JOHNSON

Encl: (1) CH-9 to Safety and Environmental Health Manual, COMDTINST M5100.47

2100 Second Street, SW

Staff Symbol: G-WKS-4 Phone: (202) 267-6863 Fax: (202) 267-4355

26 NOV 2002

COMMANDANT NOTICE 5100 CANCELLED: 25 NOV 2003

Subj: CHANGE-8 TO SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH MANUAL, COMDTINST

M5100.47

1. PURPOSE. This Notice publishes revisions to the Safety and Environmental Health Manual, COMDTINST M5100.47. Intended users of this directive are all units which maintain the manual.

2. ACTION. Area and district commanders, commanders of maintenance and logistics commands, commanding officers of headquarters units, and assistant commandants for directorates and special staff offices at Headquarters shall ensure compliance with the provisions of this Notice. Internet release authorized.

3. SUMMARY OF CHANGES. These changes incorporate the new E-Mishap System into the Manual, eliminates the requirement to report off duty class D mishaps, and modifies mishap classifications in order to allow the E-Mishap System to automatically calculate the appropriate mishap classification.

4. DISTRIBUTION. No paper distribution will be made of changes to this Manual. Official distribution will be made via Coast Guard Directives System CD-ROM and the Department of Transportation website at: http://isddc.dot.gov/. An updated electronic version of the entire Manual, changes, and announcement of ALCOASTs are available via the Commandant (G-WK) Publications and Directives website at: http://www.uscg.mil/hq/G-W/g-wk/g-wkh/g-wkh-1/Pubs/Pubs.Direct.htm.

Message notification will announce changes and effective dates.

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NON-STANDARD DISTRIBUTION:

http://isddc.dot.gov/ http://www.uscg.mil/hq/G-W/g-wk/g-wkh/g-wkh-1/Pubs/Pubs.Direct.htm

5. PROCEDURES. Remove and insert the following pages:

Remove Insert Chapter 3, CH-7 Chapter 3, CH-8 Encl (6), CH-5 Encl (6), CH-8 Encl (9), CH-5 Encl (9), CH-8 Encl (15) Encl (15), CH-8

/s/

W. J. WILKINSON

Acting Director of Health and Safety

Encl: (1) CHANGE-8 to Safety and Environmental Health Manual, COMDTINST M5100.47

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NON-STANDARD DISTRIBUTION:

Staff Symbol: G-WKS Phone: (202) 267-1883

FEBRUARY 28, 2002

COMMANDANT NOTICE 5100 CANCELLED:

FEBRUARY 27, 2003

Subj: CH-6 TO SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH MANUAL, COMDTINST M5100.47

1. PURPOSE. This Notice publishes revisions to the Safety and Environmental Health Manual, COMDTINST M5100.47. Intended users of this directive are all units that maintain the manual.

2. APPLICATION. The policies and procedures in this manual apply to all Coast Guard facilities and personnel. This manual promulgates internal guidance intended to promote efficiency and consistency in public service above and beyond the requirements of law or regulation. Any obligations discussed flow only to the Coast Guard. Coast Guard personnel are expected to exercise good judgment in performing the functions discussed. The Coast Guard retains the discretion to deviate from or change this guidance without notice. This Manual creates no duties, standards of care, or obligations to the public and should not be relied upon as a representation by the Coast Guard as to the manner of proper performance in any particular case outside of the Coast Guard.

3. ACTION. Area and district commanders, commanders of maintenance and logistics commands, commanding officers of headquarters units, and assistant commandants for directorates and special staff offices at Headquarters shall ensure compliance with the provisions of this Notice.

4. SUMMARY OF CHANGES. These documents are substantially revised and must be completely reviewed. The Table of Contents has been updated to reflect this change. CH-6 has been bar-marked.

The following is a summary of major change areas:

a. The Safety and Environmental Health Manual, COMDTINST M5100.47 Chapter 1 “Safety and Environmental Health Program” shifts the paradigm for the Coast Guard’s safety and environmental health program from one primarily rooted in compliance to one that emphasizes the concept of managing risks before mishaps occur. Other improvements in this change include uniform methods of categorizing risks and using safety checklists, implementation of a process for identifying service-wide safety priorities, and improved descriptions of information resource and training responsibilities.

b. Chapter 2, “Aviation Safety Program,” has been completely rewritten to reflect changes in both the Coast Guard Aviation Safety Program and the Coast Guard Safety And Environmental Health

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

CHAPTER 1 - COAST GUARD SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

HEALTH PROGRAM

Section B - Purpose 1-1 Section C - Scope 1-1 Section D - Authority 1-1 Section E - Definitions 1-3 Section F - Responsibilities 1-4 Section G - Appointment of Safety Officers and Unit Safety Supervisors 1-11 Section H - Audits/Inspections 1-12 Section I - Hazard Identification and Reporting 1-14 Section J - Mishap Investigation and Reporting 1-14 Section K - Safety and Environmental Health Standards and Requirements 1-14 Section L - Safety and Environmental Health Data Systems 1-17 Section M - Personnel Reprisal Protection and Appeal Rights 1-18 Section N - Interaction with Other Federal Agencies 1-19

CHAPTER 2 - AVIATION SAFETY PROGRAM

Section A - Policy 2-1 Section B - Goal 2-1 Section C - Scope 2-1 Section D - Commitment to Safety 2-1 Section E - Risk Management 2-1 Section F - Organization and Responsibilities 2-2 Section G - Audits and Inspections 2-12 Section H - Unit Training 2-12 Section I - Flight Safety Officer (FSO) Selection/Assignment 2-16 Section J - Accident Investigation Specialist (AIS) 2-17 Section K - Mishap Cockpit Voice and Data Recorders 2-17 Section L - Near Midair Collisions and Midair Collisions 2-18 Section M - Aviation Mishap Class C, D and E Investigation and Reporting 2-19 Section N - Hosting the MAB and Mishap Site Safeguarding 2-22 Section O - Other Reports and Requirements Associated with Mishaps 2-22 Section P - Investigating Potential Criminal Acts (Including Sabotage) 2-23

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CHAPTER 3 - MISHAP RESPONSE, INVESTIGATION AND

REPORTING

Section A - Scope 3-1 Section B - Mishap Definition 3-1 Section C - Policy 3-1 Section D - Mishap Response Flow Chart 3-1 Section E - Pre - Mishap Plan 3-1 Section F - Mishap Events 3-4 Section G - Non Reportable Mishap Events 3-8 Section H - Mishap Classifications 3-9 Section I - Mishap Investigation Boards 3-13 Section J - Mishap Reporting 3-16 Section K - Limitations on the Use and Disclosure of Mishap Investigations and Reports 3-20 Section L - Personnel Casualty Reporting 3-20

CHAPTER 4 - OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Section A - Policy 4-1 Section B - Background 4-1 Section C - Responsibilities 4-1 Section D - Occupational Health Standards 4-2

CHAPTER 5 - ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

Section A - Scope 5-1 Section B - Background 5-1 Section C - Responsibilities 5-1 Section D - Applicability and Scope 5-2

CHAPTER 6 - CONFINED SPACE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

Section A - Purpose 6-1 Section B - Scope 6-1 Section C - Authority 6-1 Section D - Definitions 6-1 Section E - Background 6-5 Section F - Roles and Responsibilities 6-5 Section G - General Requirements 6-6

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CHAPTER 6 - CONFINED SPACE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS (Cont’d)

Section G.1 - Requirements for Contracts and Contractors 6-6 Section G.2 - Atmospheric Testing Requirements 6-8 Section G.3 - Aircraft Fuel Cell and Tank Repair 6-9 Section G.4 - Defender Class Boat Repair 6-11 Section G.5 - Maritime Law Enforcement Inspections 6-13 Section G.6 - Shore Based confined Space Entry 6-14 Section G.7 - Vessel Repair Dockside and Buoy Repair 6-15 Section G.8 - Vessel Repair Entry/Repair 6-17 Section G.9 - Marine Safety Merchant Vessel Inspections 6-20 Section H - Training 6-21

CHAPTER 7 - COAST GUARD RADIOLOGICAL HEALTH

PROGRAM

Section A - Purpose 7-1 Section B - Policy 7-1 Section C - Authority 7-1 Section D - Definitions 7-2 Section E - Responsibilities 7-4 Section F - Personnel Dosimeter Program 7-7 Section G - Privacy 7-8

CHAPTER 8 - VESSEL SAFETY PROGRAM

Section A - Policy 8-1 Section B - Goal 8-1 Section C - Scope 8-1 Section D - Authority 8-1 Section E - Standards 8-1 Section F - Organization 8-1 Section G - Safety and Environmental Health Audits 8-5 Section H - Training 8-7 Section I - Pre-Mishap Plan 8-8

CHAPTER 9 - SHORE FACILITY FIRE SAFETY

Section A - Policy 9-1 Section B - Purpose 9-1 Section C - Scope 9-1 Section D - Authority 9-1

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Section E - Definitions 9-3 Section F - Responsibilities 9-6 Section G - Pre-Fire Plan 9-9

CHAPTER 9 - SHORE FACILITY FIRE SAFETY (Cont’d)

Section H - Notification of Fire 9-10 Section I - Inspections 9-10 Section J - Fire Detection and Alarm Systems 9-11 Section K - Reporting 9-11 Section L - Alternative Fire Protection Options 9-11 Section M - Emergency Medical Service Response 9-12 Section N - Personnel Training and Physical Fitness 9-13 Section O - Personal Protective Equipment 9-14 Section P - Standardization of Fire Apparatus 9-16

CHAPTER 10 - TRAFFIC SAFETY

Section A - Purpose 10-1 Section B - Scope 10-1 Section C - Definitions 10-1 Section D - Authority 10-1 Section E - Regulations and Directives 10-2 Section F - Background 10-2 Section G - Motor Vehicle Requirements 10-2 Section H - Pedestrian Safety 10-4 Section I - Bicycle Safety 10-5 Section J - Training 10-6 Section K - Awareness and Promotional Campaigns 10-8 Section L - Responsibilities 10-9 Section M - Governor's Highway Safety Representatives 10-11 Section N - State Motorcycle Safety Administrators 10-16

ENCLOSURES

(1) Employee Hazard Reporting, Hazard Identification and Abatement

(2) Mishap Analysis Report Format

(3) Medical Officers' Report

(4) Mishap Board Procedures

(5) Format for Coast Guard Aviation Mishap Message

(6) Format for Vessel Underway Operational Mishaps

(7) Sound Level Survey Report Instructions (RCN-5100-3)

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(8) Workplace Monitoring Report Instructions (RCN 5100-2)

(9) Format for Vessel Non-Operational and Shore Mishap Message

(10) Limitations of the Use and Disclosure of Mishap Investigations and Reports

(11) Personnel Dosimeter Program Requirements

(12) Prenatal Radiation Health Risk

(13) Determining the Cost of Property Damage

(14) Optional Format for MAB Progress Message

(15) Sample Pre-Mishap Plan

(16) Sample Mishap Analysis Kit

(17) Sample MOU Between USCG and Local Fire Department

CH-11 v

1-1 CH-6

CHAPTER 1 SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM

A. Policy.

1. The Coast Guard's policy is to provide Coast Guard personnel and their families safe, healthful places to work and live and to comply with applicable safety and health laws, regulations and directives. Individuals have a responsibility for their own safety and health. Commands are responsible for the safety and health of assigned members, dependants in Coast Guard housing, all persons aboard their facility and those who may be affected by their operations. Maintenance and Logistics Commands provide safety and health support to all commands in their areas of responsibility.

2. The Coast Guard’s fundamental safety and environmental health principle, applicable at every level in the organization and for every mission or activity, is to continually manage the safety and environmental health risks confronting Coast Guard personnel in their professional and private lives to acceptable levels and never to accept unnecessary risks. This principle will be applied by identifying hazards, assessing their risk and controlling risks to acceptable levels, consistent with the mission or activity being performed. Reducing risks will benefit individual members and all levels of the Coast Guard organization by preserving mission readiness and by reducing fatalities, the incidence of injury and disease, and the loss of property.

B. Mission. The mission of the safety and environmental health support program is to ensure the safety and health of Coast Guard personnel, to preserve Coast Guard material resources, and to protect public lives and property from endangerment by Coast Guard operations. The program will accomplish these goals by establishing safety and environmental health policies, enforcing those policies, and providing certain resources necessary for implementing those policies.

C. Purpose. The purpose of this Manual is to promulgate safety and environmental health policies, standards and guidelines and define safety and environmental health responsibilities.

D. Scope. Safety and environmental health policies, standards and guidelines in this Manual apply to:

1. Coast Guard active duty military personnel, on and off-duty.

2. Coast Guard appropriated and non-appropriated fund civilian personnel, on-duty and/or on Coast Guard property.

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3. Coast Guard Reserve personnel on active duty, active duty for training or inactive duty for training.

4. All Coast Guard afloat and ashore facilities and aircraft.

5. Coast Guard Auxiliary personnel and facilities under orders.

6. Dependents of Coast Guard military personnel on Coast Guard owned or leased property.

7. Non-appropriated fund activities and facilities.

8. Contractors performing Coast Guard work on government facilities. Although contractors are primarily responsible for providing safe working conditions for their employees and ensuring compliance with OSHA regulations, the Coast Guard has overall administrative responsibility for its facilities and is responsible, under Executive Order 12196 (EO 12196) and in accord with the Occupational Safety and Health Act, to take reasonable steps to correct, or to require the correction of, hazards of which it could reasonably be expected to be aware.

E. Authority.

1. EO 12196, Occupational Safety and Health Programs for Federal Employees, requires the Coast Guard to maintain a safety and occupational health program in accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 for civilian employees (Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 29 CFR 1960 Basic Program Elements for Federal Employees). Although Coast Guard military personnel and uniquely military equipment, systems, and operations are not covered by the Executive Order and OSHA, military personnel performing operations and activities not uniquely military, e.g., industrial activities, are included in the program by direction of the Commandant as provided in this Manual. (See also 1.G for futher explanation of OSHA’s relationship.)

2. The Coast Guard and Coast Guard personnel are subject to Executive Orders;

Federal laws, regulations and directives; and certain state and local laws and ordinances.

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F. General Program Description.

1. The fundamental safety and environmental health risk management process is a subset of the Coast Guard’s overall risk management policy described in Operational Risk Management, COMDTINST 3500.3. It focuses on the identification of hazards to Coast Guard lives, health, missions and property;

evaluation, categorization and determination of confidence level of identified risks; and the control or abatement of the risks to an acceptable level, consistent with the mission. Risk management is a continual process and is primarily an individual and unit responsibility, facilitated, where necessary, and monitored by safety and environmental health professionals. The three primary steps of the safety and environmental health risk management process are:

a. Identification of Hazards. The essential first step of the safety and environmental health risk management process is the identification of all hazards that threaten personnel, mission and property under a unit’s cognizance. Hazards may be identified by observation at the unit or similar unit or by analysis of prior performance.

b. Risk Assessment. Risk assessment is a two-part process:

(1) Risk Evaluation. Risks may be evaluated by measurement, estimation by experienced personnel or comparison to historical data. Risk evaluation determines the probability a hazard may precipitate a mishap and the mishap’s likely severity in terms of injuries, health effects and property damage.

(2) Risk Categorization.

(a) Unabated risks shall be categorized with a risk assessment code (RAC) that reflects a combination of the probability and likely severity of a mishap determined during the risk evaluation process. There shall be five levels of risk, described by RACs One through Five, with RAC One being the highest risk category and RAC Five being the lowest:

1. RAC One. An immediate and serious hazard that is likely to result in death or permanent total disability if not controlled. RAC One risks demand immediate cessation of the operation and abatement of the hazard.

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2. RAC Two. A hazard requiring immediate control through the use of engineering controls, administrative procedures/work practices, or personal protective equipment (PPE). If feasible or practical, the hazards should be abated as soon as possible or within six months.

3. RAC Three. A hazard requiring control through the use of engineering controls, administrative procedures/work practices, or PPE. If feasible or practical, the hazards should be abated within the normal unit work cycle or engineering cycle.

4. RAC Four. A lesser risk requiring continuing surveillance to ensure the risk does not increase.

Abatement is not required unless conditions change and require re-evaluation.

5. RAC Five. A negligible risk. Abatement or surveillance not required.

(b) RACs are determined using the criteria and charts contained in Enclosure (18) of this Manual. The estimated probability of a hazard leading to a mishap is determined using Charts 1 or 2 and the estimated severity of that mishap is determined using Chart 3.

The risk assessment code is then found at the intersection of the probability and severity levels on Chart 4.

c. Risk Control. Risk control is the process of developing and implementing measures to control each risk. The preferred priority is

(1) engineering controls; (2) administrative procedures/work practices (e.g. training, procedures, signs); (3) the use of personal protective equipment or combinations of these measures. Interim controls may have to be implemented and maintained to control risk until more permanent controls can be established and the risk abated. Risk control is the overall goal of the safety and environmental health risk management process.

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2. Safety and Environmental Health Risk Management Tools and Processes.

Safety and environmental health risk management is an on-going process and principles that should become part of the organizational culture. However, there are certain formal tools available for use by units to manage risks and for superiors in the chain of command to oversee risk management activities.

They include:

a. Unit Profile. A unit profile is a description of a unit’s physical environment, its personnel, its activities and its operations, prepared to facilitate support and oversight of the unit’s safety and environmental health risk management processes. Unit profiles are prepared, maintained and updated by the supporting MLC. The profile shall include:

(1) Names and telephone numbers of key safety personnel.

(2) Description of physical plant.

(3) Description of all processes and operations involving recognized hazards.

(4) Operations, Evolutions and Functions Matrix (if available).

b. Coarse Risk Analysis. A coarse risk analysis is a tool for assessing the risks associated with a specific operation, process, item of equipment, or facility, using specialized software, trained risk assessors and experienced subject matter experts. Coarse risk analyses will normally be conducted on special risks identified by Headquarters program managers, safety and environmental health professionals or units and as designated by the Safety and Environmental Health Coordinating Board (SEHCB) or MLC (k)s. MLC personnel shall conduct the coarse risk with the assistance of subject matter experts from the field and/or higher echelons. The coarse risk analysis will categorize the risks associated with the operation being analyzed by assigning a risk assessment code, and it will determine a confidence level for the risk assessment categorization. It will suggest methods to control each risk, e.g., training, engineering controls, personal protective equipment, and administrative controls. Commandant (G-WKS) may specify a standard process and/or tools for conducting coarse risk analyses.

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c. Detailed Risk Analysis. Detailed risk analysis is a careful investigation of a specific and often unique operation, process or facility that requires in-depth analysis to assess risks, e.g., a particular industrial process. Industrial hygienists, safety and occupational health specialists and managers or environmental health officers will conduct detailed risk analyses.

d. Unit Safety and Environmental Health Committees. Unit Safety and Environmental Health Committees are established to assist the Safety Officer in managing unit risks by identifying hazards, assessing risks and controlling risks. All units, except those units subordinate to a Group or MSO, shall have a unit safety and environmental health committee. Group or MSO subordinate unit representatives shall be included in Group or MSO safety and environmental health committees or shall, with permission of the Group or MSO, conduct unit-level safety and environmental health committees and forward minutes to the Group or MSO. Note: It is essential that parent and subordinate commands communicate and coordinate in policy and committee actions.

e. Unit Inspections. See section 1.F.3.a. of this Manual.

f. Special Emphasis Programs. Commandant (G-WKS) may direct measures to identify, assess or control specific risks including but not limited to:

(1) Aviation.

(2) Afloat Units.

(3) Environmental Health.

(4) Marine Safety

(5) Traffic.

(6) Firearms.

(7) Fire.

(8) Human Factors.

(9) Occupational Exposures.

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g. Operational Risk Management (ORM). Although ORM describes a decision-making process that is primarily geared for tactical operations, its processes are general enough for use by personnel involved in all Coast Guard activities, on and off duty. It contains some simple, easy-to-use risk assessment tools that may be applicable for non-operational safety and environmental health activities.

h. Safety and Environmental Health Checklists. Checklists designed for use by unit personnel are available via the intranet on the MLC (kse) websites to assist units in identifying safety and environmental health hazards and program deficiencies. Separate checklists are designed for afloat and shore-based units. They are divided into sections, all of which may not be applicable for a particular unit. Most checklist items are self-explanatory and do not require access to reference material or extraneous documentation. The checklists form an excellent foundation for annual and semiannual formal inspections or anytime a unit may wish to evaluate its safety and environmental health programs.

i. Employee Hazard Reporting. Employees, being the most familiar with their workplaces and processes, are often the most knowledgeable of their associated hazards. To take advantage of this intimate knowledge to identify hazards and, ultimately, control risks, employees are encouraged to report hazards and are protected from any retaliation that may arise as a consequence. Coast Guard units shall provide ample work time to report hazards and no Coast Guard member, employee, or contractor shall take adverse action against any person for reporting perceived hazards. Though employees are first encouraged to resolve the issue through the chain of command, reports of hazards may be made verbally, in writing or electronically via e-mail or a reporting template at either MLC’s website

3. Program Oversight and Monitoring.

a. Unit Inspections. Safety and environmental health are individual and unit responsibilities. The individual member and unit, therefore, are both responsible for identifying hazards, and the unit is primarily responsible for monitoring compliance with safe practices. Unit inspections are one of the tools the unit shall use to perform these functions. There are two types of unit inspections:

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(1) Routine Inspection. Supervisory personnel may conduct routine inspections in conjunction with material inspections or other normal workplace inspections. The objective is to identify physical hazards, such as missing guards, blocked exits, damaged electrical cords, etc. and take corrective actions.

(2) Formal Unit Safety Inspection. Formal unit safety inspections are comprehensive, detailed inspections of a unit’s safety and environmental health risk assessment processes as well as its spaces and equipment. The formal unit safety inspection shall be conducted at least once each year for all workplaces or more frequently at the discretion of the commanding officer or officer in charge. More frequent inspections shall be conducted in workplaces where high hazard operations and equipment may cause an increased risk of mishap, injury or occupational illness due to the nature of the work performed.

(a) Performed by unit personnel qualified to recognize hazards, evaluate risks and recommend general abatement procedures, e.g., trained Unit Safety Coordinator, Safety Petty Officer or Safety Officer.

Units with no personnel trained to perform inspections may request assistance from cognizant MLC (k).

(b) Detailed inspection of machinery, spaces, procedures, and unit programs.

(c) Compliance-based inspection using appropriate sections of the unit safety and environmental health checklists promulgated by Commandant (G-WKS).

(d) Includes all spaces assigned to the unit and all processes conducted by the unit. Office spaces, shops, Coast Guard owned housing, vessels, aircraft, grounds, remote detachments, etc., of every unit shall be inspected.

(e) Formal inspections may be done in small components or in conjunction with other inspections over time as long as they are identified as SEH inspections (or findings having SEH implications); corrective action is taken; and the results are documented.

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b. Unit Safety and Environmental Health Risk Assessment Survey.

Responsible MLCs shall periodically audit unit level safety and environmental health programs. A major objective of MLC (kse) unit visits shall be implementation and support of risk management processes in all unit operations. Unit safety and environmental health surveys shall include the following items, if appropriate to the unit’s mission and facilities:

(1) Review and update of unit profile.

(2) Review of unit mishap history, outstanding hazard reports, hazardous condition notifications, and reports of previous safety and environmental health surveys.

(3) Review of unit’s report of most recent completion of standard safety and environmental health checklists.

(4) Review of effectiveness of unit’s safety and environmental health risk management program.

(5) Review of targeted program effectiveness, e.g., operational risk management (ORM), hazard communication program, respiratory protection program, etc.

(6) Assessment of unit’s extent of integrating ORM concepts into key daily activities and processes and into the unit safety and environmental health program, including a review of compliance with requirements of Team Coordination Training, COMDTINST 1541.1.

(7) Assessment of effectiveness of previously identified safeguards.

(8) Assistance to unit with problems revealed by checklists, mishaps, etc.

(9) Assistance with training.

(10) Detailed risk analyses, if required.

(11) Spot or targeted inspections to determine overall program effectiveness.

(12) Assignment of risk assessment codes for all identified risks.

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(13) Preparation of a written report of findings and recommendations within 30 days to be provided to the Commanding Officer, with copies to the next higher level in the chain of command to Commandant (G-WKS) and to other commands that may be responsible for controlling or eliminating identified risks.

c. Headquarters MLC Safety and Environmental Health Program

Evaluation. Commandant (G-WKS) shall evaluate MLC safety and environmental health support programs every two years. The program evaluation shall include but not be limited to:

(1) Compliance with the requirements of this Manual.

(2) Fundamental framework for providing safety and environmental health risk management support and oversight to units in their areas of responsibility.

(3) Unit safety and environmental health risk assessment surveys.

(4) Safety and environmental health data management systems.

(5) Safety and occupational health analyses for planning proposals and engineering designs.

(6) Incident response support.

(7) Special emphasis programs.

(8) Ad hoc assistance to field units.

d. Safety and Environmental Health Coordinating Board. The Safety and

Environmental Health Coordination Board shall be comprised of the Chief, Office of Safety and Environmental Health (G-WKS); the Chief, Aviation Safety Division (G-WKS-1); the Chief, Shore Safety and Environmental Health Division (G-WKS-2); the Chief, Human Factors Division (G-WKS-3); the Chief, Afloat Safety Division (G-WKS-4); the Chiefs, Safety, Environmental Health, and Food Service Branches, MLC Atlantic and Pacific. The Chief, Office of Safety and Environmental Health shall chair the Coordinating Board.

The Board will discuss and evaluate matters of safety and environmental health interest, charter committees to study specific issues and prioritize safety and environmental health issues.

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G. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

1. Executive Order 12196 (followed by 29 CFR 1960 Basic Program Elements for Federal Employees) apply to Coast Guard civilian employees and to operations, equipment and systems that are comparable to those of industry in the private sector such as vessel, aircraft and vehicle repair, overhaul, and modification; construction; supply services; civil engineering; medical services and office work. They apply to all working conditions of Coast Guard civilian employees except those involving uniquely military equipment, systems, and operations. Uniquely military workplaces include cutters and aircraft. Uniquely military operations include activities such as search and rescue and the operation of cutters and aircraft. Although exempted from OSHA standards by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 and Executive Order 12196, Coast Guard military personnel, except where engaged in uniquely military operations, shall also comply with and units shall enforce OSHA standards where practicable or utilize alternate occupational safety and health standards that are as stringent as OSHA standards. OSHA shall be authorized to conduct announced or unannounced inspections and evaluations at Coast Guard sites employing civilian personnel engaged in other than uniquely military activities. Except for uniquely military workplaces and operations or those where only military personnel are employed, OSHA’s inspectors and evaluators are authorized to:

a. Enter, without delay, during regular work hours, any building, installation, facility construction site, or other area, workplace or environment where work is performed by Coast Guard civilian employees or contract employees.

b. Inspect and investigate, during regular working hours and at other reasonable times, all pertinent conditions, structures, machines, devices, equipment and materials.

c. Privately question any civilian employee, any supervisory employee and/or any official in charge.

d. Formally report on unsafe conditions encountered by civilian employees.

2. Employee Rights. The Occupational Safety and Health Act guarantees civilian employees and employee representatives the following rights:

a. Access to copies of Coast Guard standards, procedures and injury and illness statistics.

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b. Right to report unsafe or unhealthful working conditions to appropriate officials and to have their name kept confidential, if requested.

c. Right to assist in conducting safety and health inspections.

d. Right to request, anonymously if desired, inspection of any work area alleged to possess unsafe of unhealthful conditions.

e. Right to appeal, through the chain of command to Commandant (G-WK) and ultimately to Commandant (G-CCS) if they disagree with the disposition of unsafe or unhealthful conditions.

f. Right to appeal to the Office of Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20210, if all means of resolving an alleged unsafe or unhealthful condition within the Coast Guard have been exhausted.

Note: Agency safety and health programs must have provisions for responding to employees reports of unsafe or unhealthful working conditions and the Secretary of Labor encourages employees to use agency procedures as the most expeditious means of achieving abatement of hazardous conditions. It is recognized, however, that employee reports may be received directly by the Secretary.

g. Right to be protected from discrimination, restraint, interference, coercion, or reprisal as a result of participation in risk management processes.

H. Safety and Environmental Health Risk Management Standards.

1. Coast Guard Instructions and Directives. Coast Guard safety and environmental health instructions and directives shall prescribe Coast Guard safety and environmental health risk management processes, activities and standards and shall have precedence over all other standards. Coast Guard instructions may incorporate nationally recognized consensus standards as well as standards or instructions from other agencies, e.g., Department of Defense, by reference.

Note: For civilian employees, the more stringent of Coast Guard or OSHA standards will apply.

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2. Federal Laws and Regulations. Federal laws and regulations, where applicable, govern the Coast Guard. Coast Guard instructions and directives shall meet or exceed compliance with Federal laws and regulations. Although military personnel and uniquely military operations are exempted from OSHA jurisdiction by Executive Order 12196, OSHA standards contained in Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations shall apply to Coast Guard operations and functions and to all personnel, where practicable, including operations, equipment and systems that are comparable to those of industry in the private sector such as vessel, aircraft and vehicle repair, overhaul, and modification;

construction; supply services; civil engineering; medical services and office work.

3. Consensus Standards. Numerous associations, institutes and organizations publish consensus standards and codes designed to codify safe practices or designs within an industry or field of employment. Examples of these organizations include the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), NSF International, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and others. The National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (Public Law 104-113) requires Federal agencies to adopt consensus standards where practicable. Consensus standards may be made mandatory by reference in a Coast Guard directive or, in the event no Coast Guard directive or standard exists, shall be used as guidelines and standards of good practice.

4. Specific Service-wide Standards. The following standards are adopted for service-wide use:

a. Exposure Limits. Threshold limit values (TLV) refer to airborne concentrations of substances or to energy intensities to which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed 8 hours per day, 40 hours per week, day after day without adverse effect. These values, determined and published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), are based on the most current toxicological data and workplace experience available and provide exposure guidelines. OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL), as published in 29 CFR 1910.1000, are federal standards and thus the law. OSHA PELs or ACGIH TLVs, whichever is more stringent, shall be considered the Coast Guard workplace standards for exposure to chemical substances and physical energies, except as specifically addressed in current Coast Guard directives.

Unprotected Coast Guard personnel shall not be exposed to hazardous chemical substances or physical energies exceeding these limits.

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b. Ventilation Design. Ventilation systems used for the control of hazardous materials in the work environment shall be designed in accordance with requirements of the most recent edition of the Industrial Ventilation Manual published by ACGIH, and OSHA standards published in 29 CFR 1910. Air flow and air capacity specifications for these systems shall be those cited in the Industrial Ventilation Manual.

c. Noise Standard. For Coast Guard, and in accordance with the ACGIH TLV, continuous noise levels at or above 85 dBA Time-Weighted Average (TWA) and impact noises exceeding 140dBA are considered hazardous. Noise exposures shall be calculated using a 3 dBA exchange rate. See section 1.P.24 of this Manual for the definition of

TWA.

I. Safety and Environmental Health Organizational Roles and Responsibilities.

1. Department of Transportation. The Department of Transportation has delegated most Coast Guard safety and environmental health responsibilities to the Commandant. The Department acts as an intermediary between the Department of Labor and OSHA on most safety and environmental health matters. The Department also requires all DOT operating administrations to participate in the DOT Safety Council, a forum for promoting the safety of DOT employees and the public. Normally, the Director of Health and Safety, (G-WK), represents the Coast Guard at the DOT Safety Council, with support from (G-WKS).

2. Commandant.

a. Designated Agency Safety and Health Official (DASHO). The Chief of Staff (G-CCS) is the Designated Agency Safety and Health Official for the Coast Guard and is responsible for:

(1) Developing and promulgating safety and environmental health risk management and operational risk management policy.

(2) Establishing safety and environmental health risk management standards for equipment, systems and operations that are military unique or for which OSHA or appropriate consensus standards do not exist.

(3) Providing adequate resources to support safety and environmental health risk management policy and processes.

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(4) Implementing procedures for evaluating the effectiveness of safety and environmental health and operational risk management processes throughout the Coast Guard.

b. Support Program Director for Safety and Environmental Health Risk Management. The Director of Health and Safety (G-WK) is the support program director for safety and environmental health risk management, and is responsible for assisting the Chief of Staff (G-CCS) in carrying out the DASHO duties.

c. Support Program Manager for Safety and Environmental Health Risk Management. The Chief, Office of Safety and Environmental Health (G-WKS) is the support program manager for safety and environmental health risk management, and is responsible for:

(1) Providing staff support to the Chief of Staff (G-CCS) and the

Director of Health and Safety (G-WK) in managing safety and environmental health and operational risks, including:

(a) Developing safety and environmental health risk management policy.

(b) Managing the safety and environmental health portion of the AFC56 training account and selected special emphasis training, including assessing and defining training requirements, curriculum development and specific course quota management.

(c) Convening Class A and B Mishap Analysis Boards, when warranted, and managing the mishap analysis process.

(d) Collecting and analyzing risk management data.

(e) Participating in the programming, planning and budgeting process to obtain or reallocate safety and environmental health risk management resources.

(f) Conducting special studies and evaluations, including but not limited to prototype or unique equipment, processes, operations and procedures.

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(g) Managing special emphasis areas, including but not limited to:

1. Aviation safety

2. Marine safety

3. Environmental health

4. Fire safety

5. Traffic safety

6. Human factors

7. Afloat safety

8. Occupational Medical Surveillance and

Evaluation

(h) Forming partnerships and alliances to leverage resources and maximize risk management effectiveness.

(i) Conducting Headquarters MLC…