33 30 00 SANITARY SEWERS.doc

SECTION 33 30 00

SANITARY SEWERS

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES

1.1.1 The latest issue of the publications listed below and referenced to thereafter by basic designation only, forms a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

1.1.1.1 ASME INTERNATIONAL (ASME)

a. ASME B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)

b. ASME B16.1 Standard for Gray Iron Threaded Fittings; Classes 125 and 250

c. ASME B18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series)

d. ASME B18.5.2.1M Metric Round Head Short Square Neck Bolts

e. ASME B18.5.2.2M Metric Round Head Square Neck Bolts

1.1.1.2 ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

a. ASTM A 746 Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Gravity Sewer Pipe

b. ASTM C 150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement

c. ASTM C 260 Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete

d. ASTM C 270 Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry

e. ASTM C 33 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates

f. ASTM C 361 Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe

g. ASTM C 478 Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections

h. ASTM C 972 Compression-Recovery of Tape Sealant

i. ASTM C 990 Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants

j. ASTM D 1785 Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC), Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120

k. ASTM D 2235 Standard Specification for Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings

l. ASTM D 2241 Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)

m. ASTM D 2466 Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40

n. ASTM D 2467 Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80

o. ASTM F 758 Smooth-Wall Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Underdrain Systems for Highway, Airport, and Similar Drainage

p. ASTM F 794 Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Profile Gravity Sewer Pipe and Fittings Based on Controlled Inside Diameter

1.1.1.3 U.S. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (GSA)

a. FS A-A-60005 Frames.Covers, Gratings, Steps, Sump and Catch Basin, Manhole

1.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

1.2.1 Sanitary Sewer Gravity Pipeline

1.2.1.1 Mains and laterals of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe shall be provided. Building connections of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe shall be provided. Sanitary sewer pipe running under building structure shall be ductile iron pipe as indicated on the drawings.

1.2.1.2 New and modify existing exterior sanitary gravity sewer piping and appurtenances shall be provided. Each system shall be provided complete and ready for operation. The exterior sanitary gravity sewer system includes equipment, materials, installation, and workmanship as specified herein more than 5 feet outside of building walls.

1.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.3.1 The construction required herein shall include appurtenant structures and building sewers to points of connection with the building drains ( 5 feet) outside the building to which the sewer system is to be connected. The Contractor shall replace damaged material and redo unacceptable work at no additional cost to the Government. Backfilling shall be accomplished after inspection by the Contracting Officer. Before, during, and after installation, plastic pipe and fittings shall be protected from any environment that would result in damage or deterioration to the material. The Contractor shall have a copy of the manufacturer's instructions available at the construction site at all times and shall follow these instructions unless directed otherwise by the Contracting Officer. Solvents, solvent compounds, lubricants, elastomeric gaskets, and any similar materials required to install the plastic pipe shall be stored in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation and shall be discarded if the storage period exceeds the recommended shelf life. Solvents in use shall be discarded when the recommended pot life is exceeded.

1.4 SUBMITTALS

1.4.1 Government approval may be required on any of the following items. Items requiring submittals shall be listed on the AF Form 66. Copies of all submittals shall be provided per the requirements in Section 01 33 00, Submittal Procedures, or as listed on the AF Form 66.

1.4.1.1 SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals

a. Existing Conditions

b. Drawings of existing conditions, as specified.

1.4.1.2 SD-02 Shop Drawings

a. Drawings

b. Installation and As-Built drawings, as specified.

c. Precast concrete manhole

d. Metal items

e. Frames, covers, and gratings

f. Details, as specified.

1.4.1.3 SD-03 Product Data

a. Pipeline materials

b. Submit manufacturer's standard drawings or catalog cuts.

1.4.1.4 SD-06 Test Reports

a. Reports

b. Test and inspection reports, as specified.

1.4.1.5 SD-07 Certificates

a. Portland Cement

b. Certificates of compliance stating the type of cement used in manufacture of concrete pipe, fittings and precast manholes.

c. Gaskets

d. Certificates of compliance stating that the fittings or gaskets used for waste drains or lines designated on the plans as oil resistant.

1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

1.5.1 Delivery and Storage

1.5.1.1 Piping

a. Inspect materials delivered to site for damage; store with minimum of handling. Store materials on site in enclosures or under protective coverings. Store [plastic piping and jointing materials and] rubber gaskets under cover out of direct sunlight. Do not store materials directly on the ground. Keep inside of pipes and fittings free of dirt and debris. Support to prevent sagging and bending. Support off the ground or pavement in watertight enclosures when outdoor storage is necessary.

1.5.1.2 Metal Items

a. Check upon arrival; identify and segregate as to types, functions, and sizes. Store off the ground in a manner affording easy accessibility and not causing excessive rusting or coating with grease or other objectionable materials.

1.5.1.3 Cement, Aggregate, and Reinforcement

a. As specified in Section 03 31 00.00 10 CAST-IN-PLACE STRUCTURAL CONCRETE and 03 30 00.00 20 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE.

1.5.2 Handling

1.5.2.1 Handle pipe, fittings, and other accessories in such manner as to ensure delivery to the trench in sound undamaged condition. Take special care not to damage linings of pipe and fittings; if lining is damaged, make satisfactory repairs. Carry, do not drag, pipe to trench.

1.6 DRAWINGS

1.6.1 Installation Drawings shall be submitted showing complete detail, both plan and side view details with proper layout and elevations.

1.6.2 As-Built Drawings shall be submitted for the complete sanitary sewer system showing complete detail with all dimensions, both above and below grade, including invert elevation.

1.6.3 As-Built Drawings shall be signed and sealed by a Professional Surveyor and Mapper. Include the following statement: "All potable water lines crossed by sanitary hazard mains are in accordance with the permitted utility separation requirements."

1.7 EXISTING CONDITIONS

1.7.1 Drawings of existing conditions shall be submitted, after a thorough inspection of the area by the Contractor in the presence of the Contracting Officer. Details shall include the environmental conditions of the site and adjacent areas. Submit copies of the records for verification before starting work.

1.8 INSTALLER QUALIFICATIONS

1.8.1 Specified materials shall be installed by a licensed underground utility Contractor licensed for such work in the state where the work is to be performed. Installing Contractor's License shall be current and be state certified or state registered.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 PIPELINE MATERIALS

2.1.1 Pipe shall conform to the respective specifications and other requirements specified below.

2.1.1.1 PVC Plastic Gravity Sewer Piping

2.1.1.2 PVC Plastic Gravity Pipe and Fittings

a. ASTM D 3034, SDR 35, or ASTM F 949 with ends suitable for elastomeric gasket joints.

2.1.1.3 PVC Plastic Gravity Joints and Jointing Material

a. Joints shall conform to ASTM D 3212. Gaskets shall conform to ASTM F 477.

2.1.1.4 PVC Plastic Pressure Pipe and Associated Fittings

2.1.1.5 PVC Plastic Pressure Pipe and Fittings

a. Pipe and Fittings Less Than 4 inch Diameter: Pipe, couplings and fittings shall be manufactured of materials conforming to ASTM D 1784, Class 12454B.

(1) Screw-Joint: Pipe shall conform to dimensional requirements of ASTM D 1785, Schedule 80, with joints meeting requirements of 150 psi working pressure, 200 psi hydrostatic test pressure, unless otherwise shown or specified. Fittings for threaded pipe shall conform to requirements of ASTM D 2464, threaded to conform to the requirements of ASME B1.20.1 for use with Schedule 80 pipe and fittings. Pipe couplings when used, shall be tested as required by ASTM D 2464.

(2) Push-On Joint: ASTM D 3139, with ASTM F 477 gaskets. Fittings for push-on joints shall be iron conforming to AWWA C110 or AWWA C111. Iron fittings and specials shall be cement-mortar lined (standard thickness) in accordance with AWWA C104.

(3) Solvent Cement Joint: Pipe shall conform to dimensional requirements of ASTM D 1785 or ASTM D 2241 with joints meeting the requirements of 150 psi working pressure and 200 psi hydrostatic test pressure. Fittings for solvent cement jointing shall conform to ASTM D 2466 or ASTM D 2467.

b. Pipe and Fittings 4 inch Diameter to 12 inch: Pipe shall conform to AWWA C900 and shall be plain end or gasket bell end, Pressure Class 150 (DR 18), with cast-iron-pipe-equivalent OD. Fittings shall be gray-iron or ductile-iron conforming to AWWA C110/A21.10 or AWWA C153/A21.53 and shall have cement-mortar lining conforming to AWWA C104/A21.4, standard thickness. Fittings with push-on joint ends shall conform to the same requirements as fittings with mechanical-joint ends, except that bell design shall be modified, as approved, for push-on joint suitable for use with the PVC plastic pressure pipe specified in this paragraph.

2.1.1.6 PVC Plastic Pressure Joints and Jointing Material

a. Joints for pipe, 4 inch to 12 inch diameter, shall be push-on joints as specified in ASTM D 3139. Joints between pipe and fittings shall be push-on joints as specified in ASTM D 3139 or shall be compression-type joints/mechanical-joints as respectively specified in ASTM D 3139 and AWWA C111/A21.11. Each joint connection shall be provided with an elastomeric gasket suitable for the bell or coupling with which it is to be used. Gaskets for push-on joints for pipe shall conform to ASTM F 477. Gaskets for push-on joints and compression-type joints/mechanical-joints for joint connections between pipe and fittings shall be as specified in AWWA C111/A21.11, respectively, for push-on joints and mechanical-joints.

2.2 CONCRETE MATERIALS

2.2.1 Cement Mortar

2.2.1.1 Cement mortar shall conform to ASTM C 270, Type M with Type II cement.

2.2.2 Portland Cement

2.2.2.1 Portland cement shall conform to ASTM C 150, Type II and V for concrete used in concrete pipe, concrete pipe fittings, and manholes and type optional with the Contractor for cement used in concrete cradle, concrete encasement, and thrust blocking. Air-entraining admixture conforming to ASTM C 260 shall be used with Type V cement. Where aggregates are alkali reactive, as determined by Appendix XI of ASTM C 33, a cement containing less than 0.60 percent alkalies shall be used.

2.2.3 Portland Cement Concrete

2.2.3.1 Portland cement concrete shall conform to ASTM C 94/C 94M, compressive strength of 4000 psi at 28 days, except for concrete cradle and encasement or concrete blocks for manholes. Concrete used for cradle and encasement shall have a compressive strength of 2500 psi minimum at 28 days. Concrete in place shall be protected from freezing and moisture loss for 7 days.

2.3 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS

2.3.1 Precast Concrete Manholes and Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Manholes

2.3.1.1 Precast concrete manhole risers, base sections, and tops shall conform to ASTM C 478M( ASTM C 478) and be manufactured in accordance with Section 03 40 00.00 10 PLANT-PRECAST CONCRETE PRODUCTS FOR BELOW GRADE CONSTRUCTION; base and first riser shall be monolithic.

2.3.2 Gaskets and Connectors

2.3.2.1 Gaskets for joints between manhole sections shall conform to ASTM C 443M( ASTM C 443). Resilient connectors for making joints between manhole and pipes entering manhole shall conform to ASTM C 923M( ASTM C 923) or ASTM C 990M( ASTM C 990).

2.3.3 External Preformed Rubber Joint Seals

2.3.3.1 An external preformed rubber joint seal shall be an accepted method of sealing cast iron covers to precast concrete sections to prevent ground water infiltration into sewer systems. All finished and sealed manholes constructed in accordance with paragraph entitled "Manhole Construction" shall be tested for leakage in the same manner as pipelines as described in paragraph entitled "Leakage Tests." The seal shall be multi-section with a neoprene rubber top section and all lower sections made of Ethylene Proplene Di Monomer (EPDM) rubber with a minimum thickness of 60 mils. Each unit shall consist of a top and bottom section and shall have mastic on the bottom of the bottom section and mastic on the top and bottom of the top section. The mastic shall be a non-hardening butyl rubber sealant and shall seal to the cone/top slab of the manhole/catch basin and over the lip of the casting. Extension sections shall cover up to two more adjusting rings. Properties and values are listed in the following tables:

Properties, Test Methods and Minimum Values for

Rubber used in Preformed Joint Seals

Physical Properties Test Methods

EPDM

Neoprene Butyl mastic

Tensile, psi

ASTM D 412

Elogation percent

ASTM D 412

Tear Resistance, ppi

ASTM D 624

(Die B)

Rebound, percent, ASTM C 972

5 minutes (mod.)

Rebound, percent, ASTM C 972

2 hours

2.3.4 Metal Items

2.3.4.1 Frames, Covers, and Gratings for Manholes

2.3.4.2 FS A-A-60005, cast iron; figure numbers shall be as follow/as indicated:

a. Traffic manhole: Provide in paved areas.

(1) Frame: Figure 1, Size 22A

(2) Cover: Figure 8, Size 22A

(3) Steps: Figure 19

b. Non-traffic manhole:

(1) Frame: Figure 4, Size 22

(2) Cover: Figure 12, Size 22

(3) Steps: Figure 19

2.3.4.3 Frames and covers shall be cast iron, ductile iron or reinforced concrete. Cast iron frames and covers shall be as indicated or shall be of type suitable for the application, circular, without vent holes. The frames and covers shall have a combined weight of not less than 400 pounds. Reinforced concrete frames and covers shall be as indicated or shall conform to ASTM C 478M( ASTM C 478). The word "Sewer" shall be stamped or cast into covers so that it is plainly visible.

2.3.5 Manhole Steps

2.3.5.1 Zinc-coated steel as indicated conforming to 29 CFR 1910.27. As an option, plastic or rubber coating pressure-molded to the steel may be used. Plastic coating shall conform to ASTM D 4101, copolymer polypropylene. Rubber shall conform to ASTM C 443M( ASTM C 443), except shore A durometer hardness shall be 70 plus or minus 5. Aluminum steps or rungs shall not be permitted. Steps are not required in manholes less than 4 feet deep.

2.3.6 Manhole Ladders

2.3.6.1 A steel ladder shall be provided where the depth of a manhole exceeds 12 feet. The ladder shall not be less than 16 inches in width, with 3/4 inch diameter rungs spaced 12 inches apart. The two stringers shall be a minimum 3/8 inch thick and 2 inches wide. Ladders and inserts shall be galvanized after fabrication in conformance with ASTM A 123/A 123M.

2.3.7 Septic Tank Piping

2.3.7.1 Cast iron soil pipe and fittings.

2.3.8 Siphon for Septic Tank

2.3.8.1 Welded steel or close-grained cast iron free from flaws, of an approved standard design, and prompt and positive in action.

2.3.9 Sewage Absorption Field Materials

2.3.9.1 Pipe shall be perforated PVC plastic pipe conforming to ASTM F 758. Covering for open joints in drain tile lines shall be asphalt-treated paper or asphalt-covered fibrous glass cloth. Wire for fastening covering to tile shall be No. 18 American Wire Gage, nonferrous metal composition.

2.4 REPORTS

2.4.1 Submit Test Reports. Compaction and density test shall be in accordance with Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK. Submit Inspection Reports for daily activities during the installation of the sanitary system. Information in the report shall be detailed enough to describe location of work and amount of pipe laid in place, measured in linear feet.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 INSTALLATION OF PIPELINES AND APPURTENANT CONSTRUCTION

3.1.1 General Requirements for Installation of Pipelines

3.1.1.1 These general requirements apply except where specific exception is made in the following paragraphs entitled "Special Requirements."

3.1.2 Location

3.1.2.1 The work covered by this section shall terminate at a point approximately 5 feet from the building. Where the location of the sewer is not clearly defined by dimensions on the drawings, do not lay sewer line closer horizontally than 10 feet to a water main or service line. Install pressure sewer lines beneath water lines only, with the top of the sewer line being at least 2 feet below bottom of water line. Where sanitary sewer lines pass above water lines, encase sewer in concrete for a distance of 10 feet on each side of the crossing, or substitute rubber-gasketed pressure pipe for the pipe being used for the same distance. Where sanitary sewer lines pass below water lines, lay pipe so that no joint in the sewer line shall be closer than 3 feet, horizontal distance, to the water line.

a. Sanitary piping installation parallel with water line:

(1) Normal conditions: Sanitary piping or manholes shall be laid at least 10 feet horizontally from a water line whenever possible. The distance shall be measured edge-to-edge.

(2) Unusual conditions: When local conditions prevent a horizontal separation of 10 feet, the sanitary piping or manhole may be laid closer to a water line provided that:

(a) The top (crown) of the sanitary piping shall be at least 18 inches below the bottom (invert) of the water main.

(b) Where this vertical separation cannot be obtained, the sanitary piping shall be constructed of AWWA-approved ductile iron water pipe pressure tested in place without leakage prior to backfilling.

(c) The sewer manhole shall be of watertight construction and tested in place.

b. Installation of sanitary piping crossing a water line:

(1) Normal conditions: Lay sanitary sewer piping by crossing under water lines to provide a separation of at least 18 inches between the top of the sanitary piping and the bottom of the water line whenever possible.

(2) Unusual conditions: When local conditions prevent a vertical separation described above, use the following construction:

(a) Sanitary piping passing over or under water lines shall be constructed of AWWA-approved ductile iron water pipe, pressure tested in place without leakage prior to backfilling.

(b) Sanitary piping passing over water lines shall, in addition, be protected by providing:

(3) A vertical separation of at least 18 inches between the bottom of the sanitary piping and the top of the water line.

(4) Adequate structural support for the sanitary piping to prevent excessive deflection of the joints and the settling on and breaking of the water line.

(5) That the length, minimum 20 feet, of the sanitary piping be centered at the point of the crossing so that joints shall be equidistant and as far as possible from the water line.

c. Sanitary sewer manholes: No water piping shall pass through or come in contact with any part of a sanitary sewer manhole.

3.1.3 Earthwork

3.1.3.1 Perform earthwork operations in accordance with Section 31 00 00 Earthwork.

3.1.4 Pipe Laying and Jointing

3.1.4.1 Inspect each pipe and fitting before and after installation; replace those found defective and remove from site. Proper facilities shall be provided for lowering sections of pipe into trenches. Lay nonpressure pipe with the bell or groove ends in the upgrade direction. Adjust spigots in bells and tongues in grooves to give a uniform space all around. Blocking or wedging between bells and spigots or tongues and grooves shall not be permitted. Replace by one of the proper dimensions, pipe or fittings that do not allow sufficient space for installation of joint material. At the end of each work day, close open ends of pipe temporarily with wood blocks, caps or bulkheads. Provide batterboards not more than 25 feet apart in trenches for checking and ensuring that pipe invert elevations are as indicated. Laser beam method may be used in lieu of batterboards for the same purpose. Branch connections shall be made by use of regular fittings or solvent cemented saddles as approved. Saddles for ABS and PVC composite pipe shall conform to Figure 2 of ASTM D 2680; saddles for ABS pipe shall comply with Table 3 of ASTM D 2751; and saddles for PVC pipe shall conform to Table 4 of ASTM D 3034.

3.1.5 Connections to Existing Lines

3.1.5.1 Obtain approval from the Contracting Officer before making connection to existing line. Conduct work so that there is minimum interruption of service on existing line.

3.1.6 Special Requirements

3.1.7 Installation of PVC Plastic Piping

3.1.7.1 Pipe and fittings shall be installed in accordance with paragraph entitled "General Requirements for Installation of Pipelines" of this section and with the requirements of ASTM D 2321 for laying and joining pipe and fittings. Make joints with the gaskets specified for joints with this piping and assemble in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D 2321 for assembly of joints. Make joints to other pipe materials in accordance with the recommendations of the plastic pipe manufacturer.

3.1.8 Installation of PVC Plastic Pressure Pipe and Fittings

3.1.8.1 Unless otherwise specified, install pipe and fittings in accordance with paragraph entitled "General Requirements for Installation of Pipelines" of this section; with the requirements of AWWA C605 for laying of pipe, joining PVC pipe to fittings and accessories, and setting of hydrants, valves, and fittings; and with the recommendations for pipe joint assembly and appurtenance installation in AWWA M23, Chapter 7, "Installation."

a. Pipe Less Than 4 Inch Diameter:

(1) Threaded joints shall be made by wrapping the male threads with joint tape or by applying an approved thread lubricant, then threading the joining members together. The joints shall be tightened with strap wrenches which shall not damage the pipe and fittings. The joint shall be tightened no more than 2 threads past hand-tight.

(2) Push-On Joints: The ends of pipe for push-on joints shall be beveled to facilitate assembly. Pipe shall be marked to indicate when the pipe is fully seated. The gasket shall be lubricated to prevent displacement. Care shall be exercised to ensure that the gasket remains in proper position in the bell or coupling while making the joint.

(3) Solvent-weld joints shall comply with the manufacturer's instructions.

b. Pipe 4 Inch Diameter Joints and Larger: Make push-on joints with the elastomeric gaskets specified for this type joint, using either elastomeric-gasket bell-end pipe or elastomeric-gasket couplings. For pipe-to-pipe push-on joint connections, use only pipe with push-on joint ends having factory-made bevel; for push-on joint connections to fittings, cut spigot end of pipe off square and re-bevel pipe end to a bevel approximately the same as that on ductile-iron pipe used for the same type of joint. Use an approved lubricant recommended by the pipe manufacturer for push-on joints. Assemble push-on joints for pipe-to-pipe joint connections in accordance with the requirements of AWWA C605 for laying the pipe and the recommendations in AWWA M23, Chapter 7, "Installation," for pipe joint assembly. Assemble push-on joints for connection to fittings in accordance with the requirements of AWWA C605 for joining PVC pipe to fittings and accessories and with the applicable requirements of AWWA C600 for joint assembly. Make compression-type joints/mechanical-joints with the gaskets, glands, bolts, nuts, and internal stiffeners specified for this type joint and assemble in accordance with the requirements of AWWA C605 for joining PVC pipe to fittings and accessories, with the applicable requirements of AWWA C600 for joint assembly, and with the recommendations of Appendix A to AWWA C111/A21.11. Cut off spigot end of pipe for compression-type joint/mechanical-joint connections and do not re-bevel.

c. Pipe anchorage: Concrete thrust blocks (reaction backing) shall be provided for pipe anchorage. Size and position thrust blocks as indicated. Use concrete conforming to ASTM C 94/C 94M having a minimum compressive strength of 2,000 psi at 28 days; or use concrete of a mix not leaner than one part cement, 2 1/2 parts sand, and 5 parts gravel, having the same minimum compressive strength.

3.1.9 Concrete Work

3.1.9.1 Cast-in-place concrete is included in Section 03 31 00.00 10 CAST-IN-PLACE STRUCTURAL CONCRETE, 03 30 00.00 20 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE, 03 30 04 CONCRETE FOR MINOR STRUCTURES. The pipe shall be supported on a concrete cradle, or encased in concrete where indicated or directed.

3.1.10 Manhole Construction

3.1.10.1 Construct base slab of cast-in-place concrete or use precast concrete base sections. Make inverts in cast-in-place concrete and precast concrete bases with a smooth-surfaced semi-circular bottom conforming to the inside contour of the adjacent sewer sections. For changes in direction of the sewer and entering branches into the manhole, make a circular curve in the manhole invert of as large a radius as manhole size shall permit. For cast-in-place concrete construction, either pour bottom slabs and walls integrally or key and bond walls to bottom slab. No parging shall be permitted on interior manhole walls. For precast concrete construction, make joints between manhole sections with the gaskets specified for this purpose; install in the manner specified for installing joints in concrete piping. Parging shall not be required for precast concrete manholes. Cast-in-place concrete work shall be in accordance with the requirements specified under paragraph entitled "Concrete Work" of this section. Make joints between concrete manholes and pipes entering manholes with the resilient connectors specified for this purpose; install in accordance with the recommendations of the connector manufacturer. Where a new manhole is constructed on an existing line, remove existing pipe as necessary to construct the manhole. Cut existing pipe so that pipe ends are approximately flush with the interior face of manhole wall, but not protruding into the manhole. Use resilient connectors as previously specified for pipe connectors to concrete manholes.

3.1.11 Miscellaneous Construction and Installation

3.1.12 Connecting to Existing Manholes

3.1.12.1 Pipe connections to existing manholes shall be made so that finish work shall conform as nearly as practicable to the applicable requirements specified for new manholes, including all necessary concrete work, cutting, and shaping. The connection shall be centered on the manhole. Holes for the new pipe shall be of sufficient diameter to allow packing cement mortar around the entire periphery of the pipe but no larger than 1.5 times the diameter of the pipe. Cutting the manhole shall be done in a manner that shall cause the least damage to the walls.

3.1.13 Sewage Absorption Trench Construction

3.1.13.1 Grade pipe lines uniformly downward to the outlet. Lay perforated pipe with the perforations downward. Lay drain tile with 1/4 inch open joints. Cover open joints of drain tile with the cover material specified so that it extends not less than 100 degrees on each side of the vertical center line of the tile. Wire covering in place.

3.1.14 Installations of Wye Branches

3.1.14.1 Cutting into piping for connections shall not be done except in special approved cases. When the connecting pipe cannot be adequately supported on undisturbed earth or tamped backfill, the pipe shall be encased in concrete backfill or supported on a concrete cradle as directed. Concrete required because of conditions resulting from faulty construction methods or negligence by the Contractor shall be installed at Contractor’s expense. The installation of wye branches in an existing sewer shall be made by a method which does not damage the integrity of the existing sewer. One acceptable method consists of removing one pipe section, breaking off the upper half of the bell of the next lower section and half of the running bell of wye section. After placing the new section, it shall be rotated so that the broken half of the bell shall be at the bottom. The two joints shall then be made with joint packing and cement mortar.

3.2 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

3.2.1 Field Tests and Inspections

3.2.1.1 The Contracting Officer shall conduct field inspections and witness field tests specified in this section. The Contractor shall perform field tests and provide labor, equipment, and incidentals required for testing. Be able to produce evidence, when required, that each item of work has been constructed in accordance with the drawings and specifications.

3.2.2 Tests for Nonpressure Lines

3.2.2.1 Check each straight run of pipeline for gross deficiencies by holding a light in a manhole; it shall show a practically full circle of light through the pipeline when viewed from the adjoining end of line. When pressure piping is used in a nonpressure line for nonpressure use, test this piping as specified for nonpressure pipe.

3.2.3 Leakage Tests

3.2.3.1 Test lines for leakage by either infiltration tests or exfiltration tests, or by low-pressure air tests. Prior to testing for leakage, backfill trench up to at least lower half of pipe. When necessary to prevent pipeline movement during testing, place additional backfill around pipe sufficient to prevent movement, but leaving joints uncovered to permit inspection. When leakage or pressure drop exceeds the allowable amount specified, make satisfactory correction and retest pipeline section in the same manner. Correct visible leaks regardless of leakage test results.

a. Infiltration tests and exfiltration tests: Perform these tests for sewer lines made of the specified materials, not only concrete, in accordance with ASTM C 969M( ASTM C 969). Make calculations in accordance with the Appendix to ASTM C 969M( ASTM C 969).

b. Low-pressure air tests: Perform tests as follows:

(1) PVC plastic pipelines: Test in accordance with UBPPA UNI-B-6. Allowable pressure drop shall be as given in UBPPA UNI-B-6. Make calculations in accordance with the Appendix to UBPPA UNI-B-6.

3.2.4 Deflection Testing

3.2.4.1 Perform a deflection test on entire length of installed plastic pipeline on completion of work adjacent to and over the pipeline, including leakage tests, backfilling, placement of fill, grading, paving, concreting, and any other superimposed loads determined in accordance with ASTM D 2412. Deflection of pipe in the installed pipeline under external loads shall not exceed 4.5 percent of the average inside diameter of pipe. Determine whether the allowable deflection has been exceeded by use of a pull-through device or a deflection measuring device.

a. Pull-through device: This device shall be a spherical, spheroidal, or elliptical ball, a cylinder, or circular sections fused to a common shaft. Circular sections shall be so spaced on the shaft that distance from external faces of front and back sections shall equal or exceed diameter of the circular section. Pull-through device may also be of a design promulgated by the Uni-Bell Plastic Pipe Association, provided the device meets the applicable requirements specified in this paragraph, including those for diameter of the device, and that the mandrel has a minimum of 9 arms. Ball, cylinder, or circular sections shall conform to the following:

(1) A diameter, or minor diameter as applicable, of 95 percent of the average inside diameter of the pipe; tolerance of plus 0.5 percent shall be permitted.

(2) Homogeneous material throughout, shall have a density greater than 1.0 as related to water at 39.2 degrees F, and shall have a surface Brinell hardness of not less than 150.

(3) Center bored and through-bolted with a 1/4 inch minimum diameter steel shaft having a yield strength of not less than 70,000 psi, with eyes or loops at each end for attaching pulling cables.

(4) Each eye or loop shall be suitably backed with a flange or heavy washer such that a pull exerted on opposite end of shaft shall produce compression throughout remote end.

b. Deflection measuring device: Sensitive to 1.0 percent of the diameter of the pipe being tested and shall be accurate to 1.0 percent of the indicated dimension. Deflection measuring device shall be approved prior to use.

c. Pull-through device procedure: Pass the pull-through device through each run of pipe, either by pulling it through or flushing it through with water. If the device fails to pass freely through a pipe run, replace pipe which has the excessive deflection and completely retest in same manner and under same conditions.

d. Deflection measuring device procedure: Measure deflections through each run of installed pipe. If deflection readings in excess of 4.5 percent of average inside diameter of pipe are obtained, retest pipe by a run from the opposite direction. If retest continues to show a deflection in excess of 4.5 percent of average inside diameter of pipe, replace pipe which has excessive deflection and completely retest in same manner and under same conditions.

3.2.5 Tests for Pressure Lines

3.2.5.1 Test pressure lines in accordance with the applicable standard specified in this paragraph, except for test pressures. For hydrostatic pressure test, use a hydrostatic pressure 50 psi in excess of the maximum working pressure of the system, but not less than 100 psi, holding the pressure for a period of not less than one hour. For leakage test, use a hydrostatic pressure not less than the maximum working pressure of the system. Leakage test may be performed at the same time and at the same test pressure as the pressure test. Test ductile-iron pressure lines in accordance with the requirements of AWWA C600 for hydrostatic testing. Leakage on ductile-iron pipelines with mechanical-joints shall not exceed the amounts given in AWWA C600; allow no leakage at joints made by other methods. Test PVC plastic pressure lines in accordance with the requirements of UBPPA UNI-B-3 for pressure and leakage tests, using the allowable leakage given therein.

3.2.6 Field Tests for Concrete

3.2.6.1 Field testing requirements are covered in Section 32 16 13.

END OF SECTION 33 30 00

PAGE

PAGE

33 30 00 - 14 03/16/10