Attachment J - Geotechnical Report.pdf

c

P8A Upgrade Taxiway and Apron Geotechnical Investigation Report at NAS II Sigonella

Naval Air Station, Sigonella

Contract No.: N33191-15-D-0811 Delivery Order No.: N6247019F4137

AECOM Project Number: 60611929

February 10, 2020

Quality information Prepared by Checked by Approved by

Georeti

Alberto Martínez Aparicio

Alberto Martínez Aparicio

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NAVFAC LANT

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AECOM

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VA, 24011

USA

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Copyright © 2019 by AECOM

All rights reserved. No part of this copyrighted work may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of AECOM.

Geotechnical Report.doc - 29/01/2020 1

GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

CORES IN CONCRETE, DRILLING, SPT AND LAB TESTS

IN SIGONELLA AIRPORT - NAS 2 (ITALY)

AECOM TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC.

TEST REPORT

REV DESCRIPTION PREPARED APPROVED CUSTOMER JOB

1 Geotechnical Report Salvatore Caruso Antonio Ferraro AECOM Rif. 23-2019

GEORETI Srl

GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

CORES IN CONCRETE, DRILLING, SPT AND LAB TESTS

IN SIGONELLA AIRPORT - NAS 2 (ITALY)

AECOM TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC.

INDEX P a g e

1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 3

2. GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS AND SITE CONDITIONS 6

3. BOREHOLE 6

4. LABORATORY TEST 9

5. PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSES 10

6. ANNEX A (SITE MAP AND SUBSURFACE PROFILES) 11

7. ANNEX B (BORE HOLE STRATIGRAPHY) 12

8. ANNEX C (CBR DRILLING) 13

9. ANNEX D (CHART LAB TEST) 14

10. ANNEX E (CHART MOISTURE CONTENT) 15

11. ANNEX F (ATTERBERG LIMITS) 16

12. ANNEX G (SIEVE ANALYSES) 17

13. ANNEX H (MOISTURE - DENSITY RELATIONS) 18

14. ANNEX I (CALIFORNIA BEARING RAZIO - CBR) 19

15. ANNEX L (ITALIAN CERTIFICATES ISSUED BY THE LABORATORY) 20

16. ANNEX M (PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSES) 21

1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION

This report will illustrate the results of a series of drillings and laboratory tests performed in

Sigonella Airport - NAS 2, ITALY.

The area mentioned is situated in the following WGS84 coordinates: Lat. 37° 24.4' N; Long. 14°

54.8' E.

The area investigated is covered by concrete. In this area has been carried out n. 8 drillings at depth of 3.5 m (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7 and B8) in order to perform in-situ test (SPT) and collect samples for laboratory test.

Therefore has been carried out other n. 8 drillings at depth of 1.0 m to collect the same number of bulk sample for CBR laboratory test (CBR1, CBR2, CBR3, CBR4, CBR5, CBR6 CBR7, CBR8) and n.

8 concrete's core for petrographic analysis.

Thanks to the core-drillings it has been possible to define the section thickness of the paviment/ slab in 18 points of the airport.

It has been established the geographic WGS84 coordinates for the 18 core-drillings through the

GPS topographic measurement. In this report is attached the borehole site map (Annex A).

Picture 01 - topographic measurement Picture 02 - GPR (Ground penetrating radar)

It has been carried out a IDS Hi-mod GPR (Ground penetrating radar) test to detect underground services in order to guarantee the drilling safety.

The borehole has been restored, as agreed, after cleaning the pavement/slab.

Picture 03-04 - pavement cleaning and borehole restore

2. GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS AND SITE CONDITIONS

The site is on the whole located in a completely flat area, at an average altitude of about 60 m above sea level. The area is characterized by sedimentary soils that form the vast alluvial plain of the

Simeto River and its tributaries. Given its largely flat character, general and localized morpho-evolutionary phenomen can be ruled out, with no ongoing or potential disturbances that could affect the building of the sites of interest.

The area’s geology is characterized by recent alluvial deposits (Holocene): silty, sandy heterolithologic gravels and pebbles, located along the water courses and on the coast plain.

They are part of the sediments of the vast alluvial plain of "Piana di Catania". This is a recent formation, whose thickness is increasing southwards, formed as a result of the sedimentation of materials eroded upstream and transported downstream by watercourses that make up the hydrographic network of the Simeto River. The alluvial deposits of the sites of narrow interest are made up of clayey deposits that are generally not very permeable.

The heterogeneity of the medium sometimes favours the presence of aquifer levels at different depths that locally assume the meaning of real suspended aquifers, linked to the presence of lithological horizons with a higher degree of permeability.

The aquifers present both in the alluvial coulters and in the sandy-stony levels and layers interspersed in the clays are mainly fed by the riverbeds of Simeto, Dittaino and Gornalunga Rivers, which represent the preferential runoff way of surface and hypogeous waters. The greatest contributions, however, are due to the flow directions connected to the "paleoalveo" of the Simeto

River, disguised by the most recent flooding deposits.

The water table, in the sites of narrow interest, is found at a depth of about 1 metre from the ground floor (see stratigraphies) for the period December 2019. The watertable may surface in particular periods of intense rainfall (January-March). In summer (June - September) watertable depth is more than two meters from ground level.

3. BOREHOLE

The drilling rig brand is "MASSENZA MI4" . It has the following characteristics:

- Max torque: 750 Kgm

- Max speed: 900 Rpm

- Engine power: 102 Hp - 75 kW

- Weight: 4.500 kg

- SPT penetrometer (split spoon sampler with automatic hammer)

The result of the core-drilling at the depth of 3.5 m has been displayed in annex B.

Picture 05-06 - borehole drilling rig

The result of the core-drilling at the depth of 1.0 m has been displayed in annex C

Picture 07-08 - CBR drilling

4. LABORATORY TEST

The samples collected have been delivered in an approved laboratory which has emitted the results in Italian. In this report these results are sketched in English.

The number and type of the lab test are showed in Annex D. The test results are contained in the following annexes:

- Annex E: Moisture Content (English schematization)

- Annex F: Atterberb Limits (English schematization)

- Annex G: Sieve Analysis of Fine & Coarse Aggregate and Material passing #200 only (English schematization)

- Annex H: Moisture-Density Relation - Proctor test (English schematization)

- Annex I: California Bearing Razio CBR (English schematization)

- Annex L: All laboratory test (Italian certificates issued by the laboratory)

- Annex M: Petrographic analyses

5. PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSES

Eight sample of hardened concrete from pavement in Sigonella Airport have been examined by means petrographic study accord ASTM C856 method as the following prospect shows.

The results are showed in Annex M.

Each sample have been described at first by a macroscopical point of view and then analysed in thin section on a fragment of the upper part of the core under polarizing light microscope.

All concrete samples are made by cement paste with a eterogeneous sand of mixed origin and a gravel made up of crushed volcanic rocks, mainly basaltic lava and scoria.

All samples showed evidence of restitic fragments of cement material (mainly belite) but samples

BH5, CBR 5 and CBR8 seem have been poor cured with many residual cement grains.

Gypsum has been observed only as filling of microfissure on BH5 sample.

Test results demonstrate no evidence either of sulfate attack or ASR vith very low amount of ASR sensitive materials (e.g. cherts). The concrete seems to be in good conditions but did not contain an air void system consistent with ACI recommendations for freeze-thaw resistance.

6. ANNEX A (SITE MAP AND SUBSURFACE PROFILES)

SCALE 1 : 2.000

A

A’

B

B’

A’A

B6

B5

CBR2

B4

GROUNDWATER TABLE

LEGEND

concrete pavement with coarse aggregate (crushed stone and gravel) included

Horizontal Scale 1:2.000

Vertical Scale

1:50 SUBSURFACE PROFILES

depth (m) aggregate base: light brown or yellowisk pebbly sand with millimetric-centimetre polygenic pebbles grey - light brown clay-loam

B’B B2

CBR4

CBR5

B3

GROUNDWATER TABLE

LEGEND

concrete pavement with coarse aggregate (crushed stone and gravel) included

Horizontal Scale 1:2.000

Vertical Scale

1:50 SUBSURFACE PROFILES

depth (m) aggregate base: light brown or yellowisk pebbly sand with millimetric-centimetre polygenic pebbles grey - light brown clay-loam

7. ANNEX B (BORE HOLE STRATIGRAPHY)

Picture 1 Picture 2

Picture 3 Picture 4

Picture 5 light brown or yellowisk pebbly sand with millimetric-centimetre polygenic pebbles grey - light brown clay-loam

Bore hole: B1 Date:12/10/2019 Site: Airport Sigonella NAS2 - Catania - Italy

Customer: AECOM

WGS 84 COORDIANTE - Latitude: 37° 24' 31.68" N; Longitude: 14° 54' 54.75" E; Altitude (meters M.S.L.): 60.70

Drilling Rig: MASSENZA MI4

Concrete pavement with coarse aggregate (crushed stone and gravel) included

- 1.20

-2.10

- 3.05

- 1.65

- 3.55

Stratigraphy

DESCRIPTION

-0.30

-1.00

BH1-1

BH1-2

BH1-3

BH1-4

BH1-5

Depth from ground level

(meters)

Ground water table

S.P.T.

number StrikeSample

-0.20

-0.40

-0.60

-0.80

-1.00

-1.20

-1.60

-1.40

-1.80

-2.20

-2.40

-2.80

-2.60

0.00

-2.00

-3.00

-3.20

-3.40

-3.60

-3.80

-4.00

IN

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- V d

A

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r o c e d u a n e g o z i a t s n z p e v i u b b l i c a z i o l b n o n l l a r g

NDAGINI PROPEDEUTICHE ALL’AGGIORNAMENTO DELLO STUDIO DI FATTIBILITA’ PER LA REALIZZAZIONE DELLO SVINCOLO

AUTOSTRADALE DENOMINATO “ SANTA TERESA - VAL d’AGRO’” Procedura negoziata senza previa pubblicazione del bando ai sensi dell’art. 36, del D. Lgs. n. 50 del 19.04.2016.

Picture 5 light brown or yellowisk pebbly sand with millimetric-centimetre polygenic pebbles grey - light brown clay-loam

Bore hole: B2 Date:12/10/2019 Site: Airport Sigonella NAS2 - Catania - Italy

Customer: AECOM

WGS 84 COORDIANTE - Latitude: 37° 24' 30.66" N; Longitude: 14° 55' 03.41" E; Altitude (meters M.S.L.): 59.77

Drilling Rig: MASSENZA MI4

Concrete pavement with coarse aggregate (crushed stone and gravel) included

- 1.50

- 1.95

-1.40

- 3.00

- 3.45

Stratigraphy

DESCRIPTION

-0.24

-0.82

BH2-1

BH2-2

BH2-3

BH2-4

BH2-5

Depth from ground level

(meters)

Ground water table

S.P.T.

number StrikeSample

-0.20

-0.40

-0.60

-0.80

-1.00

-1.20

-1.60

-1.40

-1.80

-2.20

-2.40

-2.80

-2.60

0.00

-2.00

-3.00

-3.20

-3.40

-3.60

-3.80

-4.00

IN

D

A

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N

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A

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o c e d u g o z i a n e v b b l i c a z i o n n l l a r

NDAGINI PROPEDEUTICHE ALL’AGGIORNAMENTO DELLO STUDIO DI FATTIBILITA’ PER LA REALIZZAZIONE DELLO SVINCOLO

AUTOSTRADALE DENOMINATO “ SANTA TERESA - VAL d’AGRO’” Procedura negoziata senza previa pubblicazione del bando ai sensi

Picture 5 Picture 6 light brown or yellowisk pebbly sand with millimetric-centimetre polygenic pebbles grey - light brown clay-loam

Bore hole: B3 Date:12/10/2019 Site: Airport Sigonella NAS2 - Catania - Italy

Customer: AECOM

WGS 84 COORDIANTE - Latitude: 37° 24' 27.09" N; Longitude: 14° 55' 00.37" E; Altitude (meters M.S.L.): 59.60

Drilling Rig: MASSENZA MI4

Concrete pavement with coarse aggregate (crushed stone and gravel) included

- 1.50

-1.95

-1.20

- 3.00

- 3.45

Stratigraphy

DESCRIPTION

-0.27

-1.10

BH3-1

BH3-2

BH3-3

BH3-4

Depth from ground level

(meters)

Ground water table

S.P.T.

number StrikeSample

-0.20

-0.40

-0.60

-0.80

-1.00

-1.20

-1.60

-1.40

-1.80

-2.20

-2.40

-2.80

-2.60

0.00

-2.00

-3.00

-3.20

-3.40

-3.60

-3.80

-4.00

IN

D

A

G

I

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o c e d u g o z i a n e v b b l i c a z i o n n l l a r

NDAGINI PROPEDEUTICHE ALL’AGGIORNAMENTO DELLO STUDIO DI FATTIBILITA’ PER LA REALIZZAZIONE DELLO SVINCOLO

AUTOSTRADALE DENOMINATO “ SANTA TERESA - VAL d’AGRO’” Procedura negoziata senza previa pubblicazione del bando ai sensi

Picture 5 light brown or yellowisk pebbly sand with millimetric-centimetre polygenic pebbles grey - light brown clay-loam

Bore hole: B4 Date:12/10/2019 Site: Airport Sigonella NAS2 - Catania - Italy

Customer: AECOM

WGS 84 COORDIANTE - Latitude: 37° 24' 26.16" N; Longitude: 14° 54' 41.93" E; Altitude (meters M.S.L.): 60.16

Drilling Rig: MASSENZA MI4

Concrete pavement with coarse aggregate (crushed stone and gravel) included

- 1.50

- 1.95

-1.60

- 3.00

- 3.45

Stratigraphy

DESCRIPTION

-0.35

-1.00

BH4-1

BH4-2

BH4-3

BH4-4

Depth from ground level

(meters)

Ground water table

S.P.T.

number StrikeSample

-0.20

-0.40

-0.60

-0.80

-1.00

-1.20

-1.60

-1.40

-1.80

-2.20

-2.40

-2.80

-2.60

0.00

-2.00

-3.00

-3.20

-3.40

-3.60

-3.80

-4.00

IN

D

A

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I

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D

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o c e d u g o z i a n e v b b l i c a z i o n n l l a r

NDAGINI PROPEDEUTICHE ALL’AGGIORNAMENTO DELLO STUDIO DI FATTIBILITA’ PER LA REALIZZAZIONE DELLO SVINCOLO

AUTOSTRADALE DENOMINATO “ SANTA TERESA - VAL d’AGRO’” Procedura negoziata senza previa pubblicazione del bando ai sensi

Picture 5 light brown or yellowisk pebbly sand with millimetric-centimetre polygenic pebbles grey - light brown clay-loam

Bore hole: B5 Date:12/10/2019 Site: Airport Sigonella NAS2 - Catania - Italy

Customer: AECOM

WGS 84 COORDIANTE - Latitude: 37° 24' 25.22" N; Longitude: 14° 54' 53.16" E; Altitude (meters M.S.L.): 59.71

Drilling Rig: MASSENZA MI4

Concrete pavement with coarse aggregate (crushed stone and gravel) included

- 1.50

- 1.95

-1.30

- 3.00

- 3.45

Stratigraphy

DESCRIPTION

-0.22

-1.00

BH5-1

BH5-2

BH5-3

BH5-4

BH5-5

Depth from ground level

(meters)

Ground water table

S.P.T.

number StrikeSample

-0.20

-0.40

-0.60

-0.80

-1.00

-1.20

-1.60

-1.40

-1.80

-2.20

-2.40

-2.80

-2.60

0.00

-2.00

-3.00

-3.20

-3.40

-3.60

-3.80

-4.00

IN

D

A

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I

P

E

D

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o c e d u g o z i a n e v b b l i c a z i o n n l l a r

NDAGINI PROPEDEUTICHE ALL’AGGIORNAMENTO DELLO STUDIO DI FATTIBILITA’ PER LA REALIZZAZIONE DELLO SVINCOLO

AUTOSTRADALE DENOMINATO “ SANTA TERESA - VAL d’AGRO’” Procedura negoziata senza previa pubblicazione del bando ai sensi

Picture 5 light brown or yellowisk pebbly sand with millimetric-centimetre polygenic pebbles grey - light brown clay-loam

Bore hole: B6 Date:12/10/2019 Site: Airport Sigonella NAS2 - Catania - Italy

Customer: AECOM

WGS 84 COORDIANTE - Latitude: 37° 24' 24.59" N; Longitude: 14° 55' 00.28" E; Altitude (meters M.S.L.): 59.31

Drilling Rig: MASSENZA MI4

Concrete pavement with coarse aggregate (crushed stone and gravel) included

- 1.50

- 1.00

- 3.00

Stratigraphy

DESCRIPTION

-0.30

-1.05

BH6-1

BH6-2

BH6-3

BH6-4

Depth from ground level

(meters)

Ground water table

S.P.T.

number StrikeSample

-0.20

-0.40

-0.60

-0.80

-1.00

-1.20

-1.60

-1.40

-1.80

-2.20

-2.40

-2.80

-2.60

0.00

-2.00

-3.00

-3.20

-3.40

-3.60

-3.80

-4.00

IN

D

A

G

I

P

E

D

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U

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A

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NDAGINI PROPEDEUTICHE ALL’AGGIORNAMENTO DELLO STUDIO DI FATTIBILITA’ PER LA REALIZZAZIONE DELLO SVINCOLO

AUTOSTRADALE DENOMINATO “ SANTA TERESA - VAL d’AGRO’” Procedura negoziata senza previa pubblicazione del bando ai sensi

Picture 5 light brown or yellowisk pebbly sand with millimetric-centimetre polygenic pebbles grey - light brown clay-loam

Bore hole: B7 Date:12/10/2019 Site: Airport Sigonella NAS2 - Catania - Italy

Customer: AECOM

WGS 84 COORDIANTE - Latitude: 37° 24' 22.19" N; Longitude: 14° 54' 40.42" E; Altitude (meters M.S.L.): 60.18

Drilling Rig: MASSENZA MI4

Concrete pavement with coarse aggregate (crushed stone and gravel) included

- 1.20

- 1.65

- 1.80

- 3.00

- 3.45

Stratigraphy

DESCRIPTION

-0.36

-0.80

BH7-1

BH7-2

BH7-3

BH7-4

Depth from ground level

(meters)

Ground water table

S.P.T.

number StrikeSample

-0.20

-0.40

-0.60

-0.80

-1.00

-1.20

-1.60

-1.40

-1.80

-2.20

-2.40

-2.80

-2.60

0.00

-2.00

-3.00

-3.20

-3.40

-3.60

-3.80

-4.00

IN

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NDAGINI PROPEDEUTICHE ALL’AGGIORNAMENTO DELLO STUDIO DI FATTIBILITA’ PER LA REALIZZAZIONE DELLO SVINCOLO

AUTOSTRADALE DENOMINATO “ SANTA TERESA - VAL d’AGRO’” Procedura negoziata senza previa pubblicazione del bando ai sensi

Picture 5 light brown or yellowisk pebbly sand with millimetric-centimetre polygenic pebbles grey - light brown clay-loam

Bore hole: B8 Date:12/10/2019 Site: Airport Sigonella NAS2 - Catania - Italy

Customer: AECOM

WGS 84 COORDIANTE - Latitude: 37° 24' 23.34" N; Longitude: 14° 54' 39.12" E; Altitude (meters M.S.L.): 60.42

Drilling Rig: MASSENZA MI4

Concrete pavement with coarse aggregate (crushed stone and gravel) included

- 1.60

-2.05

- 1.00

- 3.00

- 3.45

Stratigraphy

DESCRIPTION

-0.26

-1.40

BH8-1

BH8-0

BH8-2

BH8-3

BH8-4

BH8-5

Depth from ground level

(meters)

Ground water table

S.P.T.

number StrikeSample

-0.20

-0.40

-0.60

-0.80

-1.00

-1.20

-1.60

-1.40

-1.80

-2.20

-2.40

-2.80

-2.60

0.00

-2.00

-3.00

-3.20

-3.40

-3.60

-3.80

-4.00

IN

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RO

o c e d u g o z i a n e v b b l i c a z i o n n l l a r

NDAGINI PROPEDEUTICHE ALL’AGGIORNAMENTO DELLO STUDIO DI FATTIBILITA’ PER LA REALIZZAZIONE DELLO SVINCOLO

AUTOSTRADALE DENOMINATO “ SANTA TERESA - VAL d’AGRO’” Procedura negoziata senza previa pubblicazione del bando ai sensi

8. ANNEX C (CBR DRILLING)

AIRPORT SIGONELLA NAS2

CBR 1

WGS 84 COORDIANTE

Latitude: 37° 24' 27.53" N Longitude: 14° 54' 35.12" E Altitude: 60.99 (meters M.S.L.)

Concrete pavement thickness: 27 (centimeter)

Drilling Rig: MASSENZA MI4

CBR 2

WGS 84 COORDIANTE

Latitude: 37° 24' 25.51" N Longitude: 14° 54' 50.20" E Altitude: 59.81 (meters M.S.L.)

Concrete pavement thickness: 31

CBR 3

WGS 84 COORDIANTE

Latitude: 37° 24' 28.61" N Longitude: 14° 54' 58.94" E Altitude: 59.78 (meters M.S.L.)

Concrete pavement thickness: 30

CBR 4

WGS 84 COORDIANTE

Latitude: 37° 24' 24.03" N Longitude: 14° 54' 56.51" E Altitude: 59.23 (meters M.S.L.)

Concrete pavement thickness: 35

CBR 5

WGS 84 COORDIANTE

Latitude: 37° 24' 29.74" N Longitude: 14° 55' 02.17" E Altitude: 59.78 (meters M.S.L.)

Concrete pavement thickness: 21

CBR 6

WGS 84 COORDIANTE

Latitude: 37° 24' 21.78" N Longitude: 14° 54' 38.03" E Altitude: 60.48 (meters M.S.L.)

Concrete pavement thickness: 28

CBR 7

WGS 84 COORDIANTE

Latitude: 37° 24' 24.05" N Longitude: 14° 54' 36.32" E Altitude: 60.47 (meters M.S.L.)

Concrete pavement thickness: 31

CBR 8

WGS 84 COORDIANTE

Latitude: 37° 24' 23.27" N Longitude: 14° 54' 44.80" E Altitude: 60.02 (meters M.S.L.)

Concrete pavement thickness: 31

9. ANNEX D (CHART LAB TEST)

ID

BOREHOLE

ID

SAMPLE

DEPTH SAMPLE FOR

GOUND LEVEL

(meters)

Moisture Content

(W)

Dry Density

(γd)

Atterberb Limits

(ASTM D 4318)

Sieve Analysis of

Fine & Coarse

Aggregate

(ASTM C 136)

Sieve Analysis

Material passing

#200 only

(ASTM C 117)

Moisture-Density Relation

(Proctor test)

(ASTM D 1557)

California Bearing Razio

(CBR) Test-Soil &

Aggregate

(ASTM D 1883)

B1 BH1-1 from 0.3 to 0.5 x

B1 BH1-2 from 0.5 to 0.7 x x

B1 BH1-3 from 0.7 to 1.0 x x x x

B1 BH1-4 from 1.0 to 1.2 x

B1 BH1-5 from 1.7 to 1.85 x

B2 BH2-1 from 0.4 to 0.6 x

B2 BH2-2 from 0.6 to 0.8 x x

B2 BH2-3 from 0.8 to 1.0 x x

B2 BH2-4 from 1.0 to 1.2 x

B2 BH2-5 from 1.2 to 1.4 x

B3 BH3-1 from 0.6 to 0.8 x x

B3 BH3-2 from 0.8 to 1.0 x x

B3 BH3-3 from 1.0 to 1.2 x x

B3 BH3-4 from 1.2 to 1.4 x

B4 BH4-1 from 0.4 to 0.6 x x x x

B4 BH4-2 from 0.6 to 0.8 x x

B4 BH4-3 from 1.0 to 1.4 x

B4 BH4-4 from 1.4 to 1.6 x

B5 BH5-1 from 0.25 to 0.5 x x x x

B5 BH5-2 from 0.5 to 0.7 x x x x

B5 BH5-3 from 0.8 to 1.0 x x x

B5 BH5-4 from 1.0 to 1.2 x

B5 BH5-5 from 1.2 to 1.4 x

B6 BH6-1 from 0.65 to 0.8 x

B6 BH6-2 from 0.8 to 1.0 x x

B6 BH6-3 from 1.1 to 1.3 x x

B6 BH6-4 from 1.4 to 1.6 x

B7 BH7-1 from 0.3 to 0.5 x

B7 BH7-2 from 0.5 to 0.7 x

B7 BH7-3 from 0.8 to 1.0 x x

B7 BH7-4 from 1.0 to 1.2 x x

B8 BH8-0 from 0.25 to 0.50 x x

B8 BH8-1 from 0.55 to 0.75 x x

B8 BH8-2 from 0.75 to 1.0 x x x x

B8 BH8-3 from 1.0 to 1.2 x x

B8 BH8-4 from 1.2 to 1.4 x

B8 BH8-5 from 1.4 to 1.6 x x x

CBR1 CBR1 from 0.5 to 1.0 x x x x x x x

CBR2 CBR2 from 0.5 to 1.0 x x x x x x x

CBR3 CBR3 from 0.5 to 1.0 x x x x x x x

CBR4 CBR4 from 0.5 to 1.0 x x x x x x x

CBR5 CBR5 from 0.5 to 1.0 x x x x x x x

CBR6 CBR6 from 0.5 to 1.0 x x x x x x x

CBR7 CBR7 from 0.5 to 1.0 x x x x x x x

CBR8 CBR8 from 0.5 to 1.0 x x x x x x x

10. ANNEX E (CHART MOISTURE CONTENT)

Bore hole Sample form to W1 % W2 % W3 % Waverage%

BH1 1 0.30 0.50 6.98 7.07 7.16 7.07

BH1 2 0.50 0.70 7.41 7.50 7.59 7.50

BH1 3 0.70 1.00 6.36 6.44 6.28 6.36

BH1 4 1.00 1.20 25.24 25.57 25.88 25.56

BH1 5 1.70 1.85 29.56 29.95 30.31 29.94

BH2 1 0.40 0.60 8.60 8.39 8.50 8.50

BH2 2 0.60 0.80 7.28 7.10 7.20 7.19

BH2 3 0.80 1.00 23.47 22.89 23.19 23.18

BH2 4 1.00 1.20 17.05 16.63 16.85 16.84

BH2 5 1.20 1.40 27.13 27.46 26.78 27.12

BH3 1 0.60 0.80 9.66 9.77 9.53 9.65

BH3 2 0.80 1.00 10.22 9.97 10.10 10.09

BH3 3 1.00 1.20 11.29 11.01 11.15 11.15

BH3 4 1.20 1.40 21.95 22.22 21.67 21.95

BH4 1 0.40 0.60 8.39 8.18 8.29 8.28

BH4 2 0.60 0.80 7.72 7.53 7.63 7.62

BH4 3 1.00 1.40 29.60 29.96 29.22 29.59

BH4 4 1.40 1.60 21.36 20.83 21.11 21.10

BH5 1 0.25 0.50 9.00 8.78 8.89 8.89

BH5 2 0.50 0.70 8.65 8.76 8.54 8.65

BH5 3 0.80 1.00 17.33 16.90 17.13 17.12

BH5 4 1.00 1.20 22.65 22.09 22.39 22.37

BH5 5 1.20 1.40 25.96 26.30 26.62 26.29

BH6 1 0.65 0.80 10.05 10.17 9.92 10.05

BH6 2 0.80 1.00 9.96 9.72 9.85 9.84

BH6 3 1.10 1.30 24.08 24.40 24.69 24.39

BH6 4 1.10 1.30 19.22 19.48 19.71 19.47

BH7 1 0.30 0.50 8.84 8.94 8.72 8.83

BH7 2 0.50 0.70 10.43 10.18 10.31 10.31

BH7 3 0.80 1.00 23.87 23.28 23.58 23.58

BH7 4 1.00 1.20 25.67 25.98 25.34 25.66

BH8 0 0.25 0.50 10.63 10.77 10.90 10.77

BH8 1 0.55 0.75 11.00 11.13 10.86 10.99

BH8 2 0.75 1.00 10.11 10.23 9.98 10.11

BH8 3 1.00 1.20 11.66 11.37 11.52 11.51

BH8 4 1.20 1.40 10.33 10.07 10.20 10.20

BH8 5 1.40 1.60 28.45 28.79 28.08 28.44

CBR1 CBR1 0.50 1.00 9.31 9.08 9.20 9.19

CBR2 CBR2 0.50 1.00 11.03 11.16 10.89 11.03

CBR3 CBR3 0.50 1.00 12.03 12.17 11.87 12.02

CBR4 CBR4 0.50 1.00 11.54 11.25 11.40 11.40

CBR5 CBR5 0.50 1.00 6.86 6.69 6.78 6.78

CBR6 CBR6 0.50 1.00 9.12 9.23 9.00 9.11

CBR7 CBR7 0.50 1.00 8.71 8.49 8.60 8.60

CBR8 CBR8 0.50 1.00 10.58 10.32 10.45 10.45

Depth (meters) Moisture Content

11. ANNEX F (ATTERBERG LIMITS)

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

BH1 4 1 1.2 25.56 70 30 40 1.10

Depth (meters) Atterberg Limits (ASTM D 4318)

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

BH1 5 1.7 1.85 29.94 65 28 40 0.95

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

BH2 3 0.80 1.00 23.18 65 25 40 1.04

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

BH2 5 1.20 1.40 27.12 60 27 33 0.99

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

BH3 4 1.20 1.40 21.95 56 19 37 0.93

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

BH4 3 1.00 1.40 29.59 55 28 27 0.94

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

BH5 4 1.00 1.20 22.37 55 23 32 1.02

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

BH5 5 1.20 1.40 26.29 52 25 27 0.95

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

BH6 3 1.10 1.30 24.39 49 23 26 0.95

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

BH6 4 1.40 1.60 19.47 55 19 36 0.98

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

BH7 3 0.80 1.00 23.58 59 25 34 1.03

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

BH7 4 1.00 1.20 25.66 63 27 36 1.02

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

CBR1 CBR1 0.50 1.00 9.19

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

CBR2 CBR2 0.50 1.00 11.03

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

CBR3 CBR3 0.50 1.00 12.02

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

CBR4 CBR4 0.50 1.00 11.40 31 16 15 1.29

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

CBR5 CBR5 0.50 1.00 6.78

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

CBR6 CBR6 0.50 1.00 9.11

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

CBR7 CBR7 0.50 1.00 8.60

Bore hole Sample form to Moisture Content W% Liquid Limit LL% Plastic Limit PL% Plasticity Index PI Consistency index CI

CBR8 CBR8 0.50 1.00 10.45

12. ANNEX G (SIEVE ANALYSES)

Bore hole Sample form to Gravel % Sand %

BH1 3 0.70 1.00 70.90 16.26

Depth (meters) Sieve Analysis (ASTM C136) Sieve Analysis (ASTM 117)

Material passing #200 only %

12.84

BH4 1 0.40 0.60 34.25 46.36

Depth (meters) Sieve Analysis (ASTM C136) Sieve Analysis (ASTM 117)

19.39

BH5 1 0.25 0.50 41.26 41.66

Depth (meters) Sieve Analysis (ASTM C136) Sieve Analysis (ASTM 117)

17.08

BH5 2 0.50 0.70 44.36 35.67

Depth (meters) Sieve Analysis (ASTM C136) Sieve Analysis (ASTM 117)

19.97

BH5 3 0.80 1.00 15.83 35.34

Depth (meters) Sieve Analysis (ASTM C136) Sieve Analysis (ASTM 117)

48.82

BH8 0 0.25 0.50 91.96 3.85

Depth (meters) Sieve Analysis (ASTM C136) Sieve Analysis (ASTM 117)

4.19

BH8 2 0.75 1.00 67.96 18.85

Depth (meters) Sieve Analysis (ASTM C136) Sieve Analysis (ASTM 117)

13.20

BH8 5 1.40 1.60 0.00 4.00

Depth (meters) Sieve Analysis (ASTM C136) Sieve Analysis (ASTM 117)

13.20

CBR1 CBR1 0.50 1.00 39.07 50.61

Depth (meters) Sieve Analysis (ASTM C136) Sieve Analysis (ASTM 117)

10.32

CBR2 CBR2 0.50 1.00 55.97 22.92

Depth (meters) Sieve Analysis (ASTM C136) Sieve Analysis (ASTM 117)

21.11

CBR3 CBR3 0.50 1.00 26.20 53.59

Depth (meters) Sieve Analysis (ASTM C136) Sieve Analysis (ASTM 117)

20.21

CBR4 CBR4 0.50 1.00 31.79 34.05

Depth (meters) Sieve Analysis (ASTM C136) Sieve Analysis (ASTM 117)

34.16

CBR5 CBR5 0.50 1.00 32.70 59.29

Depth (meters) Sieve Analysis (ASTM C136) Sieve Analysis (ASTM 117)

8.01

CBR6 CBR6 0.50 1.00 63.57 25.76

Depth (meters) Sieve Analysis (ASTM C136) Sieve Analysis (ASTM 117)

10.67

CBR7 CBR7 0.50 1.00 61.51 25.47

Depth (meters) Sieve Analysis (ASTM C136) Sieve Analysis (ASTM 117)

13.03

CBR8 CBR8 0.50 1.00 72.41 21.32

Depth (meters) Sieve Analysis (ASTM C136) Sieve Analysis (ASTM 117)

6.27

13. ANNEX H (MOISTURE - DENSITY RELATIONS)

from to

1 CBR1 0.5 1.0 Sealed plastic bag Pebbles in sandy matrix of brown-yellow colour

OPTIMAL CHARACTERISTICS

21.70

20.42

5.11

Moisture - Density Relations (ASTM D 1557)

Moisture density (KN/m

Dry density (KN/m

Optimal Moisture (%)

Depth (meters)

CBR SAMPLE VISUAL DESCRIPTIONKIND OF CONTAINERSAMPLE

2 CBR2 0.5 1.0 Sealed plastic bag Pebbles in sandy matrix of brown-yellow colour

OPTIMAL CHARACTERISTICS

20.60

18.72

7.33

Moisture density (KN/m

Dry density (KN/m

Optimal Moisture (%)

Moisture - Density Relations (ASTM D 1557)

CBR SAMPLE

KIND OF CONTAINER SAMPLE VISUAL DESCRIPTION

3 CBR3 0.5 1.0 Sealed plastic bag Sand with pebbles of brown-yellow colour

OPTIMAL CHARACTERISTICS

22.40

20.58

7.35

Moisture density (KN/m

Dry density (KN/m

Optimal Moisture (%)

Moisture - Density Relations (ASTM D 1557)

CBR SAMPLE

4 CBR4 0.5 1.0 Sealed plastic bag Sandy silt with pebbles of beige colour

OPTIMAL CHARACTERISTICS

18.60

16.95

8.42

Moisture density (KN/m

Dry density (KN/m

Optimal Moisture (%)

Moisture - Density Relations (ASTM D 1557)

CBR SAMPLE

5 CBR5 0.5 1.0 Sealed plastic bag Pebbles in sandy and silty matrix of grey-beige colour

OPTIMAL CHARACTERISTICS

22.10

20.83

5.33

Moisture density (KN/m

Dry density (KN/m

Optimal Moisture (%)

Moisture - Density Relations (ASTM D 1557)

CBR SAMPLE

6 CBR6 0.5 1.0 Sealed plastic bag Pebbles in sandy and silty matrix of grey colour

OPTIMAL CHARACTERISTICS

21.30

19.90

5.80

Moisture density (KN/m

Dry density (KN/m

Optimal Moisture (%)

Moisture - Density Relations (ASTM D 1557)

CBR SAMPLE

7 CBR7 0.5 1.0 Sealed plastic bag Pebbles and angular elements in sandy matrix of grey colour

OPTIMAL CHARACTERISTICS

23.20

21.73

6.14

Moisture density (KN/m

Dry density (KN/m

Optimal Moisture (%)

Moisture - Density Relations (ASTM D 1557)

CBR SAMPLE

8 CBR8 0.5 1.0 Sealed plastic bag Pebbles and angular centimeters elements in sandy and silty matrix of grey-beige colour

OPTIMAL CHARACTERISTICS

21.00

19.88

5.27

Moisture density (KN/m

Dry density (KN/m

Optimal Moisture (%)

Moisture - Density Relations (ASTM D 1557)

CBR SAMPLE

14. ANNEX I (CALIFORNIA BEARING RAZIO - CBR)

1 CBR1 0.5 1.0 Sealed plastic bag Pebbles in sandy matrix of brown-yellow colour

730.52

1226.80

Load for penetration of 2.5 mm (Kg)

Load for penetration of 5.0 mm (Kg)

CBR 2.5 mm

CBR 5.0 mm

CBR %

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test (ASTM D 1883)

CBR SAMPLE

2 CBR2 0.5 1.0 Sealed plastic bag Pebbles in sandy matrix of brown-yellow colour

547.26

1062.81

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test (ASTM D 1883)

CBR SAMPLE

Depth (meters)

KIND OF CONTAINER SAMPLE VISUAL DESCRIPTION

Load for penetration of 2.5 mm (Kg)

Load for penetration of 5.0 mm (Kg)

CBR 2.5 mm

CBR 5.0 mm

CBR %

3 CBR3 0.5 1.0 Sealed plastic bag Sand with pebbles of brown-yellow colour

634.32

938.08

Load for penetration of 2.5 mm (Kg)

Load for penetration of 5.0 mm (Kg)

CBR 2.5 mm

CBR 5.0 mm

CBR %

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test (ASTM D 1883)

CBR SAMPLE

4 CBR4 0.5 1.0 Sealed plastic bag Sandy silt with pebbles of beige colour

459.30

772.19

Load for penetration of 2.5 mm (Kg)

Load for penetration of 5.0 mm (Kg)

CBR 2.5 mm

CBR 5.0 mm

CBR %

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test (ASTM D 1883)

CBR SAMPLE

5 CBR5 0.5 1.0 Sealed plastic bag Pebbles in sandy and silty matrix of grey-beige colour

777.08

1534.62

Load for penetration of 2.5 mm (Kg)

Load for penetration of 5.0 mm (Kg)

CBR 2.5 mm

CBR 5.0 mm

CBR %

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test (ASTM D 1883)

CBR SAMPLE

6 CBR6 0.5 1.0 Sealed plastic bag Pebbles in sandy and silty matrix of grey colour

928.21

1810.63

Load for penetration of 2.5 mm (Kg)

Load for penetration of 5.0 mm (Kg)

CBR 2.5 mm

CBR 5.0 mm

CBR %

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test (ASTM D 1883)

CBR SAMPLE

7 CBR7 0.5 1.0 Sealed plastic bag Pebbles and angular elements in sandy matrix of grey colour

688.02

1353.51

Load for penetration of 2.5 mm (Kg)

Load for penetration of 5.0 mm (Kg)

CBR 2.5 mm

CBR 5.0 mm

CBR %

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test (ASTM D 1883)

CBR SAMPLE

8 CBR8 0.5 1.0 Sealed plastic bag Pebbles and angular centimeters elements in sandy and silty matrix of grey-beige colour

630.07

1246.17

Load for penetration of 2.5 mm (Kg)

Load for penetration of 5.0 mm (Kg)

CBR 2.5 mm

CBR 5.0 mm

CBR %

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test (ASTM D 1883)

CBR SAMPLE

15. ANNEX L (ITALIAN CERTIFICATES ISSUED BY THE LABORATORY)

16. ANNEX M (PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSES)

L.A.P.I.S. del Dott. Antonio Lo Presti P. IVA n° 03474260878 - C.C.I.A.A. n° 238679 Via Plebiscito 214 - 95045 – Misterbianco CATANIA - Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 / 7514292.

E-mail: info@lapislab.it http://www.lapislab.it

Analisys and test method NORMATIVE REFERENCES

Petrographic examination of hardened concrete ASTM C856

Non utilizzato Non utilizzato

Non utilizzato Non utilizzato

Non utilizzato Non utilizzato

Non utilizzato Non utilizzato

Non utilizzato Non utilizzato

Non utilizzato Non utilizzato

RAPPORTO DI PROVA N° 05/20

Petrographic analyses in Sigonella airport – NAS 2 (ITALY)

Committente :

GEORETI srl

Via dei Platani 1/B

95047 PATERNO’ - CT

ID. Camp. Core of concrete pavement

Camp. Name: BH and CBR series

Day of sample receipt : 13/01/2020

Day of report ready : 07/02/2020

Pag. 01/19

This report concern only the identified sample The report text may not be modified, adapted or reduced without any specific authorization by L.A.P.I.S.

Il responsabile del laboratorio

Dott. Antonio Lo Presti

Rapp. Prv. N° 05/20

L.A.P.I.S. di A. Lo Presti Via Plebiscito n.214 95045 Misterbianco (CT) Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 7514292

P. IVA 03474260878 C.C.I.A.A. 238679 E-mail info@lapislab.it http://www,lapislab.it

Pag. 02/19

IDENTIFICATION DATA

SAMPLE TYPE : Core of hardened concrete

SIGLA : BH series; CBR series DESCRIPTION : 100 mm diameter (200 mm CBR 5) hardened concrete core of pavements

ORIGIN: Sample provided by the customer (location as listed below)

SAMPLE TESTED : Each fragment from upper part of core (samples are red cross signed in list below)

L.A.P.I.S. di A. Lo Presti Via Plebiscito n.214 95045 Misterbianco (CT) Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 7514292

Pag. 03/19

TEST AND ANALYSIS METHOD

1. Petrographic analysis

This kind of analysis is able to recognize the textural and mineralogical characteristics of hardened concrete in terms of cement paste and aggregate qualities. It was performed in accordance with, "Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete," ASTM C856-latest revision.

Thin section observations was performed on a epoxy impregnated fragment of concrete sample, highly polished, and then attached to a glass slide using an optically clear epoxy under an Olympus BX-51 polarizing light microscope at magnifications of up to 1000x.

Two photomicrographs of each sample are reported to show the main characteristics

TEST RESULT

Eight sample of hardened concrete from pavement in Sigonella Airport have been examined by means petrographic study accord ASTM C856 method.

Each sample have been described at first by a macroscopical point of view and then analysed in thin section on a fragment of the upper part of the core under polarizing light microscope.

All concrete samples are made by cement paste with a eterogeneous sand of mixed origin and a gravel made up of crushed volcanic rocks, mainly basaltic lava and scoria.

All samples showed evidence of restitic fragments of cement material (mainly belite) but samples BH5, CBR 5 and CBR8 seem have been poor cured with many residual cement grains.

Gypsum has been observed only as filling of microfissure on BH5 sample.

Test results demonstrate no evidence either of sulfate attack or ASR vith very low amount of ASR sensitive materials (e.g. cherts). The concrete seems to be in good conditions but did not contain an air void system consistent with ACI recommendations for freeze-thaw resistance.

L.A.P.I.S. di A. Lo Presti Via Plebiscito n.214 95045 Misterbianco (CT) Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 7514292

Pag. 04/19

PETROGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF HARDENED CONCRETE

(ASTM C856)

Sample labelling : BH 1

General Description

1. Sample dimension : 100 mm diameter core drilling of concrete pavement, 285 mm long, broken in three pieces of 40 mm, 145 mm and 100 mm from surface to inner

2. Reinforcement : none observed

3. Pavement surface : visible

Visual Examination

Aggregate:

1. Coarse : 28 mm nominal sieved gravel with a max of 33 mm, made up of crushed lava of basaltic type. The coarse aggregate appeared low graded with a good overall distribution

2. Fine : natural sand made of volcanic particles

Air :

1. Amount : Less than 5% of total

2. Shape : Subspherical

Microscopical Examination (thin section from fragment near to the top of core)

Coarse aggregate: 20 mm sieved gravel made up of crushed basaltic rocks with intergranular porphyritic texture. Rare basalts with intergranular texture. The sphericity is low with sub-angular to sub-rounded shape. They exhibited a gap in grading mode. No appreciable orientation is visible

Fine aggregate : 150 µm up to 1,5 mm mixed sand made up of basalts rich in olivine, glass matrix basalts with plagioclase and rare carbonatic fragments. The sphericity is low with sub-rounded to rounded shape. The fine aggregate appeared fairly well graded and well distribuited with no preferred orientation

Matrix : Matrix binder is homogeneous in color, with fairly good paste/aggregate bond. There are some residual nested belite grains. Alite seems fully hydratated.

Air : Two class of dimension are presents in air void. Biggest have rounded shape with 0,4 mm diameter. Smallest are circular with a diameter of about 50-100 µm. A thin network of fissures is also present along the margin of coarse aggregate sometimes filled by a low birefirangence material, maybe of sulfate.

Note : No ettringite in voids; no Alkali-Silica reaction products

L.A.P.I.S. di A. Lo Presti Via Plebiscito n.214 95045 Misterbianco (CT) Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 7514292

Pag. 05/19

CORREDO FOTOGRAFICO

Foto 1. Thin section photomicrograph of BH 1. Plane polarized light (x 20)

Foto 2. Thin section photomicrograph of BH 1. Cross-polarized light (x 20)

250 µm

L.A.P.I.S. di A. Lo Presti Via Plebiscito n.214 95045 Misterbianco (CT) Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 7514292

Pag. 06/19

Sample labelling : BH 4

4. Sample dimension : 100 mm diameter core drilling of concrete pavement, 355 mm long, broken in two pieces of 120 mm and

230 mm from surface to inner

5. Reinforcement : 6 mm steel bar are present at 120 mm

6. Pavement surface : visible

3. Coarse : 20 mm nominal sieved gravel with a max of 28 mm, appeared low graded with a good overall distribution

4. Fine : natural sand made of volcanic particles and rare calcareous stones.

3. Amount : Less than 5% of total

4. Shape : Subspherical

Coarse aggregate: 20 mm sieved gravel made up of crushed basaltic rocks with intergranular porphyritic texture with Plagioclase, Piroxene and Olivine. The sphericity is low with sub-angular to sub-rounded shape. They exhibited a gap in grading mode. No appreciable orientation is visible

Fine aggregate : 50 µm up to 3,0 mm mixed sand made up of lava with intergranular porphyritic texture and lava with glassy matrix. Also are visible quartz sandstones and calcareous rocks. Many quartz crystal and Foraminifera relics, rare cherts. The sphericity is medium to high with sub-rounded to rounded shape. The fine aggregate appeared fairly well graded and well distribuited with no preferred orientation

Matrix : Matrix binder color is mottled brown-grey, with good paste/aggregate bond. Bigger volcanic fragments exhibit a thin rim of carbonated paste. There are only few residual nested belite grains. Alite seems fully hydratated.

Air : Air void have circular shape with a mean of 0,8 mm in diameter. Bubble and vesicle bigger than 2 mm are present as entrapped air voids.

L.A.P.I.S. di A. Lo Presti Via Plebiscito n.214 95045 Misterbianco (CT) Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 7514292

Pag. 07/19

Foto 1. Thin section photomicrograph of BH 4. Plane-polarized light (x 20)

Foto 2. Thin section photomicrograph of BH 4. Cross-polarized light (x 20)

L.A.P.I.S. di A. Lo Presti Via Plebiscito n.214 95045 Misterbianco (CT) Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 7514292

Pag. 08/19

Sample labelling : BH 5

7. Sample dimension : 100 mm diameter core drilling of concrete pavement, 220 mm long

8. Reinforcement : none observed

9. Pavement surface : visible

5. Coarse : 28 mm nominal sieved gravel made up of crushed lava of basaltic type and rare sandstone up to 8 mm. The coarse aggregate appeared low graded with a good overall distribution

6. Fine : natural sand made of volcanic particles. Also present are sandstone and carbonate rocks

5. Amount : Less than 5% of total

6. Shape : Subspherical

Coarse aggregate: 20 mm sieved gravel made up of crushed fragments of glassy matrix porphyric lava rich in Plaglioclase. The sphericity is medium to low with sub-angular to sub-rounded shape. They exhibited a gap in grading mode. No appreciable orientation is visible

Fine aggregate : 50 µm up to 3,0 mm mixed sand made up of glassy matrix porphyric lava. Also are visible quartz sandstones and calcareous rocks. Many quartz crystal and Foraminifera relics. The sphericity is low to high with sub-rounded to rounded shape. The fine aggregate appeared fairly well graded and well distribuited with no preferred orientation

Matrix : Matrix binder (paste) color is variable from pale green-brown to grey-brown, with good paste/aggregate bond.

There are many small residual nested belite grains and alite pseudohexagonal crystall. Little cracks and microfissures sometimes with Ca(HO)2 arriched layers are filled by gypsum with low birefringence appearance

Air : Air void are founded as intraparticle vesicle and bubbles up to 1,0 mm and circular hole smaller than 1,0 mm in diameter

L.A.P.I.S. di A. Lo Presti Via Plebiscito n.214 95045 Misterbianco (CT) Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 7514292

Pag. 09/19

Foto 1. Thin section photomicrograph of BH 5. Plane-polarized light (x 20)

Foto 2. Thin section photomicrograph of BH 5. Cross-polarized light (x 20)

L.A.P.I.S. di A. Lo Presti Via Plebiscito n.214 95045 Misterbianco (CT) Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 7514292

Pag. 10/19

Sample labelling : BH 6

10. Sample dimension : 100 mm diameter core drilling of concrete pavement, 295 mm long, broken in two pieces of 270 mm and

25 mm from surface to inner

11. Reinforcement : none observed

12. Pavement surface : not visible

7. Coarse : 30 mm nominal sieved gravel with a max of 40 mm, appeared fairly good graded with a good overall distribution

8. Fine : natural sand made of volcanic particles

7. Amount : More than 5% of total

8. Shape : Subspherical

Coarse aggregate: 20 mm sieved gravel made up of crushed fragments of glassy matrix porphyric lava rich in Plaglioclase. Some big quartz crystal are also visible. The sphericity is low with sub-angular to sub-rounded shape.

Coarse aggregate is well graded and well distributed. No appreciable orientation is visible

Fine aggregate : 100 µm up to 2,0 mm mixed sand made up of glassy matrix porphyric lava. Also are visible quartz sandstones, calcareous rocks and many quartz crystal and Foraminifera relics. The sphericity is low with sub-rounded to rounded shape. The fine aggregate appeared fairly well graded and well distribuited with no preferred orientation

Matrix : Matrix binder (paste) is homogeneusly tan in color, with good paste/aggregate bond. The paste seems has been well cured with very few small residual nested belite grains. Little cracks and microfissures are generally empty.

Air : Air void are founded as intraparticle vesicle and bubbles up to 3,0 mm. Circular hole with a mean diameter of 0,3 mm are irregularly presents in the paste.

L.A.P.I.S. di A. Lo Presti Via Plebiscito n.214 95045 Misterbianco (CT) Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 7514292

Pag. 11/19

Foto 1. Thin section photomicrograph of BH 6. Plane-polarized light (x 20)

Foto 2. Thin section photomicrograph of BH 6. Cross-polarized light (x 20)

L.A.P.I.S. di A. Lo Presti Via Plebiscito n.214 95045 Misterbianco (CT) Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 7514292

Pag. 12/19

Sample labelling : BH 8

13. Sample dimension : 100 mm diameter core drilling of concrete pavement, 260 mm long, broken in two pieces of 75 mm and

185 mm from surface to inner

14. Reinforcement : none observed

15. Pavement surface : visible

9. Coarse : 20 mm nominal sieved gravel with a max of 25 mm, appeared fairly well graded with a good overall distribution

10. Fine : natural sand made of volcanic particles

9. Amount : Less than 5% of total

10. Shape : Subspherical, irregular, 5 mm wide

Coarse aggregate: 20 mm sieved gravel made up of crushed fragments of glassy matrix porphyric lava rich in Plaglioclase and volcanic scoria with high vesicular amount. The sphericity is low with sub-rounded to rounded shape.

Coarse aggregate is well graded and well distributed. No appreciable orientation is visible

Fine aggregate : 100 µm up to 3,0 mm mixed sand made up of glassy matrix porphyric lava, volcanic scoria, calcareous rocks and many quartz crystal and Foraminifera relics. Quartz sandstones are rare. The sphericity is high with sub-rounded to rounded shape. The fine aggregate appeared well graded and well distribuited with no preferred orientation

Matrix : Matrix binder (paste) is green-brow in color, with good paste/aggregate bond. The paste seems has been well cured with very few small residual nested belite grains. One open crack are probably connected to sampling procedures.

Air : Air void are founded as intraparticle vesicle. Entrained air voids are spherical in shape with a diameter between 200 µm to 1 mm.

L.A.P.I.S. di A. Lo Presti Via Plebiscito n.214 95045 Misterbianco (CT) Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 7514292

Pag. 13/19

Foto 1. Thin section photomicrograph of BH 8. Plane-polarized light (x 20)

Foto 2. Thin section photomicrograph of BH 8. Cross-polarized light (x 20)

L.A.P.I.S. di A. Lo Presti Via Plebiscito n.214 95045 Misterbianco (CT) Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 7514292

Pag. 14/19

Sample labelling : CBR 1

16. Sample dimension : 100 mm diameter core drilling of concrete pavement, 200 mm long. The upper part of core shows an binder enriched layers 1,5 cm thick.

17. Reinforcement : none observed

18. Pavement surface : visible

11. Coarse : 20 mm nominal sieved gravel with a max of 20 mm, made up of crushed lava of scoria type. The coarse aggregate

12. Fine : natural sand made of volcanic particles

11. Amount : Less than 5% of total

12. Shape : Subspherical

Coarse aggregate: 20 mm sieved gravel made up of crushed fragments of glassy matrix lava and lavas with fine grained intergranular texture. The sphericity is low with angular to sub-rounded shape. Coarse aggregate is poor graded and well distributed. No appreciable orientation is visible

Fine aggregate : 100 µm up to 3,0 mm mixed sand made up of glassy matrix lava, fine grained intergranular lava, quartz sandstones, calcareous rocks and many quartz crystal. Rare cherts are also presents. The sphericity is high with sub-rounded to rounded shape. The fine aggregate appeared well graded and well distribuited with no preferred orientation

Matrix : Matrix binder (paste) has mottled appearance from green-brow to grey brown, with very good paste/aggregate bond. The paste seems has been well cured with very few small residual nested belite grains.

Air : Low amount entrained air voids are spherical in shape with a diameter smaller than 1 mm.

L.A.P.I.S. di A. Lo Presti Via Plebiscito n.214 95045 Misterbianco (CT) Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 7514292

Pag. 15/19

Foto 1. Thin section photomicrograph of CBR 1. Plane-polarized light (x 20)

Foto 2. Thin section photomicrograph of CBR 1. Cross-polarized light (x 20)

L.A.P.I.S. di A. Lo Presti Via Plebiscito n.214 95045 Misterbianco (CT) Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 7514292

Pag. 16/19

Sample labelling : CBR 5

19. Sample dimension : 200 mm diameter core drilling of concrete pavement, 235 mm long

20. Reinforcement : steell bar at 125 mm to the top

21. Pavement surface : visible

13. Coarse : 20 mm nominal sieved gravel with a max of 24 mm, appeared low graded with a good overall distribution

14. Fine : natural sand made of volcanic particles

13. Amount : Less than 5% of total

14. Shape : Subspherical

Coarse aggregate: 20 mm sieved gravel made up of crushed fragments of porphyric lavas with intergranular texture and glassy matrix lavas. The sphericity is low with angular to sub-rounded shape. Coarse aggregate is poor graded and well distributed. No appreciable orientation is visible

Fine aggregate : 100 µm up to 3,0 mm mixed sand made up of glassy matrix lava, intergranular lava and many quartz crystal. The sphericity is low to medium with angular to sub-rounded shape. The fine aggregate appeared well graded and well distribuited with no preferred orientation

Matrix : Matrix binder (paste) has mottled appearance green-brow in color, with very good paste/aggregate bond. The paste has many residual nested belite grains and pseudohexagonal section of alite.

Air : Paste is rich in entrained air voids, bubbles, irregular voids and spherical voids. Some voids are filled by Ca-hydroxide.

L.A.P.I.S. di A. Lo Presti Via Plebiscito n.214 95045 Misterbianco (CT) Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 7514292

Pag. 17/19

Foto 1. Thin section photomicrograph of CBR 5. Plane-polarized light (x 20)

Foto 2. Thin section photomicrograph of CBR 5. Cross-polarized light (x 20)

L.A.P.I.S. di A. Lo Presti Via Plebiscito n.214 95045 Misterbianco (CT) Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 7514292

Pag. 18/19

Sample labelling : CBR 8

22. Sample dimension : 100 mm diameter core drilling of concrete pavement, 190 mm long

23. Reinforcement : steel bar visible at bottom

24. Pavement surface : not visible

15. Coarse : 20 mm nominal sieved gravel with a max of 23 mm,

16. Fine : natural sand made of volcanic particles

15. Amount : Less than 5% of total

16. Shape : Subspherical, 2-3 mm open

Coarse aggregate: 20 mm sieved gravel made up of crushed fragments of porphyric lavas with intergranular texture and volcanic scoria. The sphericity is low with angular to sub-rounded shape. Coarse aggregate is well graded and well distributed. No appreciable orientation is visible.

Fine aggregate : 100 µm up to 3,0 mm mixed sand made up of intergranular lava, scoria, quartz sandstone, calcareus rocks and many quartz crystal. Rare foraminifera relics are also present. The sphericity is low to medium with angular to sub-angular shape. The fine aggregate appeared well graded and well distribuited with no preferred orientation

Matrix : Matrix binder (paste) has homogeneous appearance green-brow in color, with good paste/aggregate bond. The paste has many residual nested belite grains.

Air : Air void are founded as intraparticle vesicle. Entrained air voids are spherical in shape with a diameter up to 2 mm.

L.A.P.I.S. di A. Lo Presti Via Plebiscito n.214 95045 Misterbianco (CT) Italy Tel. Fax +39 095 7514292

Pag. 19/19

Foto 1. Thin section photomicrograph of CBR 8. Plane-polarized light (x 20)

Foto 2. Thin section photomicrograph of CBR 8. Cross-polarized light (x 20)