Attachment 2.6_PWS Appendix F.pdf

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

INSTALLATION

PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN

April 2023 – April 2024

MALMSTROM AFB

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

INTEGRATED

PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN

MALMSTROM AIR FORCE BASE, MONTANA

This Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPMP) is in accordance with the regulations, standards, and procedures of the United States Air Force (USAF) and the Department of Defense Integrated Pest Management Program (AFMAN 32-1053). This plan is essential for the management, control and prevention of pest and disease vectors from adversely affecting military operations on Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana.

Annual Review Coordination: Due By: April 2023

By the signature below all parties have reviewed this plan and grant their concurrence and acceptance.

RANDALL T. CRIPPEN, CIV, USAF

Foreman, Pest Management

KIRK W. GREENE, Lt Col, USAF Commander, 341 Civil Engineer Squadron

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Executive Summary

2. Introduction 1

3. Pest Management Requirements 2

4. Integrated Pest Management 3

5. Priority of Pest Work 3

6. Health and Safety 7

7. Environmental Considerations 9

8. Program Administration 10

9. Appendixes 14

1. Executive Summary

1.1. Department of Defense (DoD) Instruction 4150.07, DoD Pest Management Program (PMP) and Air Force Manual (AFMAN) 32-1053, require a narrative pest management plan as outlined in the Armed Forces Pest Management Board's (AFPMB) Technical Guide (TG) No. 18 Installation Pest Management Program Guide. TG No. 18 describes pest management operations, management, health, safety, regulatory compliance and environmental protection.

1.2. Following DoD, AF and MAJCOM direction, the Malmstrom Air Force Base (MAFB), Montana, PMP, evaluates all pest control treatments for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques before applying chemicals. IPM uses chemicals as a last resort after exhausting cultural, mechanical, physical and biological controls to reduce/eradicate the target pest. Pest management directs building custodians to institute proper construction, mechanical and sanitation measures to control pests.

Emphasis on non-chemical measures is our greatest concern, and we constantly stress education of the base populace.

1.3. The MAFB Pest Management Foreman will maintain the MAFB pest management plan as outlined in AFMAN 32-1053, paragraph 3.6.5. The Installation Pest Management Coordinator and Base Civil Engineer will review this plan annually. Additionally, the Installation Environmental Element Chief, Base Civil Engineer, Public Health Flight Commander, Bioenvironmental Engineering Flight Commander, 341st Missile Wing Commander, and the MAJCOM Pest Management Installation Consultant will review and update this plan every five years. The next full coordination will be in 2024.

2. Introduction

2.1. This Pest Management Plan provides a summary of pest problems and control procedures at MAFB and other sites serviced with direct support from the 341st Civil Engineer Squadron (341 CES). This plan outlines procedures for the safe and effective control of pests (insects, rodents, vegetation, etc.) in accordance with (IAW) applicable laws and regulations. Controls must be effective, economically feasible, environmentally sound, and consistent with the DoD PMP’s emphasis on IPM.

Coordination and cooperation with food managers, building occupants, and Facility Managers is necessary to guarantee the success of this program.

This summary provides a single document description for the pest control activities at MAFB, Montana, and will be reviewed annually by the Installation Pest Management Coordinator. This review will be accomplished on site when possible. A written critique, discussing the status of old and new pest problems, control procedures and administrative requirements will be provided to the base, and incorporated into the PMP. The updated information and other periodic changes will be incorporated into the Installation Pest Management Plan. The updated information and other periodic changes will be incorporated into a rewritten description when determined necessary by the Installation Pest Management Coordinator.

2.2. MAFB is located immediately outside the city of Great Falls, Montana. Due to the weather and road conditions during the winter months, safety precautions are of upmost importance. MAFB is directed by Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC). The base mission encompasses a large area of Montana as a result of the 23,500 square miles missile complex. There are 150 active Minuteman missile Launch Facilities (LF), 50 non-active LFs which are in care taker status, and 15 Missile Alert Facilities (MAF), requiring a broad spectrum of pest control efforts.

3. Pest Management Requirements

3.1. General Requirements: Pesticides are chemicals that are used to eliminate a variety of pests which include insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and rodenticides.

These pesticides control insect pests, mites/ticks, fungal diseases, weeds, and rodents.

The use of pesticides must be limited to the greatest extent possible. Non-chemical alternatives are the primary method of pest management. Pesticides may only be used if they are listed on the DoD Approved Pesticides List, or approved by the Installation Pest Management Consultant. Pesticides are to be used IAW the prescribed label.

3.2. DOD Certified Applicators: MAFB Pest Management personnel are required to hold a current DOD Pesticide Applicator certification in order to apply pesticides.

Certified military and civilian Pest Management personnel must meet the requirements for certification training as specified in DoD Manual 4150.07.

3.3. Pest Management Foreman: The Air Force Installation Pest Management Foreman is responsible for the installation’s Pest Management Program. The foreman works closely with other sections within the CES, Environmental flight, Services, Medical Group and the Command Entomologist to produce an effective PMP. All Pest Management programs and facilities must comply with the Local, State, Federal and Air Force requirements as well as DoD directives/instructions.

3.4. Integrated Pest Management Information System: MAFB uses the Integrated Pest Management Information System (IPMIS) to track pesticide inventories and pesticide applicator certifications. IPMIS records daily pesticide use on the IPMIS pesticide software. The Measures of Merit (MOM) is reported to the MAJCOM Command Entomologist annually. The MOM reports the total pounds of active ingredient applied on the installation.

3.5. Grounds Maintenance: Pest Management provides support for all pest control programs on base with the exception of grounds maintenance, which is provided by a contractor. The contractor is responsible for mowing grass on any improved and unimproved areas. These programs consist of chemical and non-chemical control techniques used to correct existing pest problems and those that may occur in the future. Pest Management personnel, medical personnel, grounds maintenance contractors or other base personnel may identify problems.

4. Integrated Pest Management

4.1. Legal Mandate: Pesticides are applied in accordance with the label directions.

All pesticides used on the installation are EPA/State registered. A pesticide will not be applied if both the pest and target site are not on the label. Pesticide labels must be kept on the original containers and pesticides will not be transferred into a container without a label. Any non-standard pesticides will be approved through the Command Entomologist.

4.2. IPM Operations: An integrated approach including sanitation, inspection, exclusion, customer education and chemical control is used. Coordination and cooperation with Public Health, food service, custodial, and Civil Engineer (CE) personnel is required. Preventive control measures are emphasized and supplemented with corrective IPM measures only when sanitation standards are met. Under no circumstances will chemicals be used when sanitation conditions are not within proper standards. Cooperation by building occupants is essential for successful control. Lack of cooperation will interfere with CE’s ability to provide service.

Monthly inspections are performed for food facilities and common areas. Chemical treatment will normally not exceed a single application to any location to prevent health and pesticide-resistance problems. We do not perform preventive sprays;

however, chemical treatment may be required under certain circumstances.

Nonchemical treatment will be used whenever possible.

5. Priority of Pest Work

5.1. Public Health Pests

5.1.1. The mosquito surveillance program is the responsibility of the 341 MDOS Public Health office. CE Pest Management works closely with Public Health to identify areas of concerns on the base for possible treatment. Public Health gathers and documents (to include electronically) the insect data. When Public Health determines if the threshold limit is reached, then requests are communicated to Pest Management for assistance to reduce insect populations.

Pest Management has an active larviciding operation that does not require Public Health approval.

5.1.2. Pest Management utilizes the Maxi-Pro 4, Grizzly PDS, Adapco Guardian 55ES fogger, and a Buffalo Turbine with Aqua-reslin for adult mosquito control.

A hydraulic sprayer will be used to apply Vectobac 12AS and Aquabac 200 G for larvae as well as the manual use of Altosid briquettes in areas with standing water.

5.1.3. All outdoor insecticide applications are closely coordinated with Public Health personnel and the base populace. The West-Nile virus has been found in the state and must be monitored.

5.1.4. Houseflies are a moderate problem during the summer months and little spraying is required. The primary measure to be taken for fly control is to maintain good sanitation and keep doors and windows closed whenever possible;

however, in areas where food is served and windows or doors are required to be open for ventilation, fly fans, fly lights and screens are recommended.

5.1.5. Bed bugs are a persistent pest and may travel with occupants from one area to the next. Bed bugs can be introduced into the dorms and billeting from anywhere; local hotels, TDYs, or deployments. High standards of cleanliness and educating billeting staff members is needed to be prevent the spread of bed bugs and any other pests. Prevention is the key; Commanders, First Sergeants, Supervisors, Airman Dorm Leaders, Facility Managers at MAFs, along with dormitory occupants adhering to these standards. Pest control measures will be taken if needed, but only after sanitary conditions are met.

5.1.6. The Rocky Mountain wood tick is the primary disease vector in Montana.

These ticks have not currently been found on base. Public Health will conduct tick surveillance during May – October. Public Health will contact Pest Management for assistance with tick control measures once an area of concern has been identified.

5.2. Common Pests

5.2.1. Ants are considered a nuisance pest on MAFB. MAFB does not have any aggressive species such as the red imported fire ant. Pavement ants can be found in and around facilities. Facility managers are encouraged to use the self- help store as a measure for control if sanitation does not alleviate the problem. Ant bait stations are available for facility managers to use. If after 30 days the problem continues Pest Management will conduct a survey and treat if necessary.

5.2.2. The Black Widow Spider, and Hobo Spider are the more common arachnids on MAFB. Facility managers are encouraged to use the self-help store as a measure for control. Using glue boards and implementing area sanitation, IPM methods such as sweeping/vacuuming are the best methods to get rid of spiders. Facility managers can also receive insect spray from the self-help store but should only be used as a last resort.

5.2.3. Bald Faced Hornets/Yellow Jackets are an ongoing problem during the July/August time frame. They are usually attracted to sweet tasting/smelling foods, drinks and perfumes. Housing occupants are encouraged to clean very thoroughly after gatherings, close lids to trash cans, etc. to prevent excessive nests around their homes. Hornets and yellow jackets are controlled by removing their nests, caulking the entry holes, hanging yellow jacket traps, and as a last resort, using Wasp-Freeze II or Delta Dust.

5.2.4. Honey bees are considered beneficial insects. Pest Management personnel will contact the local beekeeper for safe removal of honey bee swarms if there is an immediate threat to personnel. Chemical applications will not be used for control of honey bees.

5.2.5. German cockroaches or any other species are currently not a problem on MAFB. Pest Management currently monitors all food facilities on a monthly basis for pest problems and proper sanitation. Any cockroaches found will be treated immediately to prevent the spread of cockroaches to other facilities.

5.2.6. Mice continue to be a major indoor pest for both main base and in the missile field. Hantavirus transmission is also a concern with mouse infestations.

Control measures are targeted to eliminating their entrance to facilities by locating access areas and having them repaired. Facility managers are expected to attempt to control the issue themselves by obtaining glue boards and snap traps at the Self Help store. If after 30 days control is still not met, Pest Management will respond. Rodenticides, specifically “Final Blox”, are used for extreme mice infestations. General information and guidance is provided by Public Health, Pest Management personnel and various agencies in Great Falls. Pest management is not responsible for cleaning up existing messes; that is the facility manager’s responsibility. In addition, extensive media coverage provides information in the proper handling and disposal of mice.

5.2.7. Ornamental Pests include the following: Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgids and Spider Mites, which infest conifer trees; American Elm Bark Beetles, Ash Plant Bugs, Green Headed Ash Borers, Willow Leaf Galls, Mountain Pine Beetles, Birch Leaf Miners, Lilac Borers, Western Tent Caterpillars, and various species of aphids, which infest deciduous trees. Dutch Elm Disease and borer-infested trees are identified to the grounds maintenance contractor, who conducts the removal and therapeutic pruning of infested trees. Survey and Control of Ornamental Pests and Borers are conducted as requested. When an infestation is found, application of the least toxic method, along with IPM, is used to control these pests.

5.3. Structural Pests: Wood destroying organisms such as termites, beetles, and fungi are not found on MAFB due to the prolonged cold temperatures of this northern tier location.

5.4. Noxious or Invasive Plants: Herbicides are used to control invasive weeds present on the base and to eliminate vegetation where bare ground is required (areas around petroleum storage tanks, drum storage area, etc.). Selective, contact and soil sterilant herbicides are used to eliminate noxious and invasive vegetation at the missile sites. In the missile complex, our goal is to apply herbicides to each MAF/LF once every 2 years, unless specific issues with the adjacent farmers/ranchers are expressed. Pest Management also receives assistance from five of the surrounding counties to help prevent spread of noxious and invasive weeds since it is not possible to treat all 150 sites in one season with current manning.

Montana Department of Agriculture re-surveyed an invasive plant inventory in July 2010 to document the presence and extent of invasive plant species. Thirteen invasive plant species were identified at MAFB, MAF’s and LF’s. They include Canada thistle, Leafy spurge, Dalmatian toadflax, Field bindweed, Spotted knapweed, Russian knapweed, Hounds tongue, Hoary cress, Russian thistle, Kochia, Yellow Mignonette, Musk thistle and Bull thistle. Mowing and reseeding with native species is a long term control measure. The use of selective herbicides is the first line of attack to control invasive plant species. The grounds maintenance contractor taking care of main base has also been informed of these areas to ensure contaminated equipment is not used to spread the infestation through seed distribution. Other control measures may include biological, mechanical and cultural.

5.5. Undesirable Vegetation: The grounds maintenance contractor is responsible for general weed control on the improved areas of the base. Pest Management is responsible for most unimproved and semi-improved areas on base as well as in the missile complex.

5.6. Golf Course Pests: MAFB does not currently have a Golf Course.

5.7. Quarantine and Regulated Pest: There are currently no Quarantine or Regulated Pests on MAFB.

5.8. Vertebrate Pest

5.8.1. Prairie Rattlers (or Western Rattlesnake) inhabit many areas within the missile complex, but they are not a serious pest problem. If a problem arises, the pest control shop will respond and normally, remove the snake from the area of concern. Occasionally, Gopher (Bull) snakes have been sighted. Measures are taken to educate the customer in the identification of poisonous snakes. Native venomous snakes will usually survive if relocated within 1 mile of capture site.

5.8.2. Richardson’s Ground Squirrels are a serious pest problem throughout the missile complex as well as on-base. They have been found carrying fleas, which are capable of transmitting the bubonic plague. Sulfur gas cartridges and carbon monoxide treatments have proven to be effective in controlling these pests.

Shooting and baiting have also proven to be effective methods of reducing these pests. The tool for shooting is a .25 caliber pellet rifle. Rozol Ground Squirrel Oat Bait is used only in the WSA, LFs, and MAFs, to avoid 2nd hand poisoning for anything that may eat a deceased ground squirrel. We use rat-sized, tamper-resistant bait stations, anchored to the ground to house the oat bait. There is also a 5 year contract with “All American Pest Control” to help us control the population both on main base and base housing.

5.8.3. Eastern Grey Squirrels have become a significant pest on base in the winter months. They have damaged several personal vehicles resulting in thousands of dollars in chewed wires. Trapping can help reduce the population and prevent further damage to personal and government property.

5.8.4. Birds pose health and economic hazards to personnel and property on

MAFB. They are also associated with several diseases. Pathogenic organisms can be carried in the air or in their droppings. The more common disease organisms carried by birds are histoplasmosis and psittacosis. When handling these pests personal hygiene and sanitary disposal is essential. Baiting is rarely, if ever, used in the management of birds on the installation due to the great numbers of other non-target species, many of which are protected. Pigeons, starlings, northern flickers, house sparrows, swallows, gulls, and raptors are known to pose problems around building edges and inside hangars base wide.

These birds’ nesting material and droppings can damage equipment, supplies, and personal property and become a nuisance. They also pose a strike hazard for the helicopters flying. Their roosting and debris can damage trees and ornamental shrubs.

Effective non-chemical control techniques involve traps, exclusion, harassing, and altering their nesting locations. Modifying the habitats by eliminating or reducing food, water, nesting, or roosting sites has resulted in reduced activity.

5.8.4.1 The Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) program is being monitored by the

Bird Hazard Working Group (BHWG) through the use of the 341st Missile Wing BASH Reduction Program Air Force Instruction (AFI)91-212, dated 27 April 2016. The BHWG meets on a semiannual basis or when directed by its chairman in Flight Safety. It is necessary for Civil Engineers to perform preventive measures to aid in the reduction of bird strikes. Preventive measures include the following: maintaining proper grass height in airfield areas, thus discouraging the presence of birds and eliminating conditions that may attract birds. Such conditions range from removal of roosting or nesting sites to the control of insect food sources. An example of this is the installation of metal plates on the eaves of buildings in the vicinity of the flight line. If lethal methods are necessary, as a last resort, personnel will be qualified by Combat Arms Training and Maintenance (CATM) in proper storage, transport, and operation of 12-gauge shotguns.

6. Health and Safety

6.1. Medical Surveillance: All Pest Management personnel certified to apply chemicals participate in the medical surveillance program. Occupational and Environmental Health Working Group administers this program. Most pesticide applicators participate in the Respiratory Protection Program if they apply pesticides that require respirators dictated on the SDS/label. Initial testing is conducted to ensure individuals are capable of wearing a respirator. Supervisors are responsible for training personnel on respirators and Bioenvironmental Engineering is responsible for training shop supervisors. Guidelines for respiratory protection are provided in AFI 48-137, Respiratory Protection Program. Pest Management personnel need to follow respirator guidance in the shop specific written respiratory protection program. Pest Management personnel who handle or otherwise come into contact with wild animals on the installation receive rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis shot series along with a titer test every two years.

6.2. Hazard Communication: Installation Pest Management personnel are provided shop specific Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) training, as required by AFI 90- 821, to include hazardous materials in the workplace. Following initial hazard communication training, additional training is given whenever a new pesticide or other hazardous material is introduced into the workplace. SDSs for all pesticides and other toxic substances used in the Pest Management program are kept on hand in the Pest Management shop. A master file is kept in the mixing room. Pesticide labels are maintained on pesticides utilized in the Pest Management program. These are available for review in the Pest Management office.

6.3. Personal Protection Equipment: Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) is available in the Pest Management shop for each individual. The use and maintenance of this equipment is the responsibility of the individual pest controller. Procurement guidance for personal protective equipment can be obtained through Bioenvironmental Engineering. AFPMB TG No. 14 “Proper protective equipment will be worn as directed by pesticide label directions and/or Bioenvironmental Engineering routine Health Risk Assessment survey letters. Proper protective equipment will be worn as directed by pesticide label directions.”

6.4. Fire Protection: In case of an emergency the base Fire Department, Bioenvironmental Engineering, and Public Health have a complete inventory of our hazardous chemicals. The list is updated monthly or when new chemicals are received. A copy of the chemical inventory can be found in Appendix C. All original containers and concentrates are stored within ventilated pesticide and herbicide storage rooms. Fire extinguishers are also located in the mixing room, pesticide storage room and herbicide room.

6.5. Pest Management Vehicles: Pest Management currently uses one telephone maintenance truck (TMT), a General Services Administration (GSA) 6 pack truck, and a GSA flatbed dually. There is also two Can-Am Defender 6x6 used in the missile complex and one Can-Am Defender 6x6 used for base side operations.

6.6. Protection of the Public: The doors and gates leading to where pesticides and pesticide dispersal equipment are stored are always locked. For safety and security reasons, visitors are escorted at all times. Precautions are taken during pesticide application to protect the public, on and off the installation. Pesticides are not applied outdoors when the wind speed exceeds 10 mph, or as otherwise designated on the label. Whenever pesticides are applied outdoors, care is taken to make sure that any spray drift is kept away from individuals, including the applicator.

6.7. Health, Safety, and Hazard Surveys: The Pest Management personnel receive an annual ventilation survey from Bioenvironmental Engineering for the mixing room, herbicide, and pesticide storage areas. MAFB Fire Protection Flight personnel conduct an annual fire prevention inspection. Shop personnel conduct monthly fire extinguisher inspections, and shop safety inspections.

7. Environmental Considerations

7.1. Sensitive Areas: There are currently no known environmentally sensitive areas on MAFB or throughout the missile complex that conflict with Pest Management activities.

7.2. Endangered or Protected Species: The Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 (P.L. 93-205) protects fish, wildlife, and plants that have been threatened or endangered. Endangered and threatened species may be in jeopardy due to destruction, modification, or curtailment of habitat, over utilization, effects of disease, pollution, or predation. Species likely to become threatened in the foreseeable future may be listed as rare, protected, candidate, or species of special concern. In addition to individual species, some rare, natural vegetation ecosystems may also be protected. Section 7 of the ESA requires all federal agencies to enter into consultation with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) whenever actions are proposed that may affect federally listed or proposed plant and animal Threatened and Endangered (T&E) species.

In Montana, state-listed Species of Concern are native taxa that are at-risk due to declining population trends, threats to their habitats, restricted distribution, and/or other factors. Designation as a Montana Species of Concern or Potential Species of Concern is based on the Montana Status Rank, and is not a statutory or regulatory classification. Rather, these designations provide information that helps resource managers make proactive decisions regarding species conservation and data collection priorities. Federal agencies must manage T&E species and their habitat in a manner that promotes conservation of these species and is consistent with plans for recovery of such species. Any irreversible or irretrievable commitment of resources that would jeopardize the continued existence of listed species, or result in the destruction (or adverse modification) of critical habitat is prohibited.

At this time, no T&E (listed or proposed), candidate species, or critical habitat for these species have been found on base (See Appendix F). Additionally, the Grasshopper Sparrow, Great Blue Heron, Franklin’s Gull, Swainson’s Hawk, and Northern Leopard Frog are candidate species in Montana that have been found on base (Appendix F). A number of missile sites are in or near potential habitat for federally listed threatened species (see Appendix F). Migratory Species such as ducks, geese, cranes, doves, coots and or snipe that fly through MAFB are also protected; removal of such species will only be done with a depredation permit, which can be found on (Appendix I).

7.3. Pesticide Spills and Remediation

The best way to prevent or reduce spills is to take precautionary measures such as providing adequate storage facilities, conduct monthly inspections, etc. When there is a pesticide spill specific procedures should be followed for emergency notification, identification, first aid, decontaminating the spill area, etc. Personnel working with pesticides should be trained for quick evacuation and proper spill procedures. The following personnel will be notified in the event of a pesticide spill.

Pest Management supervisor during duty hours at 731-7640.

After duty hours contact the CE Customer Service Emergency Desk at 731-7138.

Fire Department at #911.

Bioenvironmental Engineering at 731-1580.

Environmental Flight at 731-6163.

7.3.1. Determine the pesticide involved in the spill. Information such as formulation, percent active ingredient, manufacturer’s name and address should be readily available. If possible try to determine the amount of the spill. This will enable you to determine what decontamination procedures you need to follow. If personnel require medical treatment, give the medical staff a copy of the label and the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) of the pesticides involved so proper medical care can be given.

7.3.2. All Pest Management personnel are trained in basic first aid. The primary purpose of first aid is to prevent and further absorption of the pesticide. Refer to the pesticide label and SDS for further first aid procedures.

7.3.3. Containment of the pesticide spill must be contained at the site of the spill.

The pesticide must be prevented from spreading to the surrounding area and water sources (storm drains, wells, water systems, ditches, etc.). Spill kits are available in the shop in the event of a pesticide spill. Vehicles are also equipped with mini- spill kits to aid in the containment of a spill.

7.3.4. After the spill has been cleaned up and decontaminated, action must now be taken to dispose of the hazardous materials and ensure that the site is completely decontaminated. All contaminated materials; spilled pesticide, absorbent materials, wastewater, used decontamination solution, and material used to absorb decontamination solution must be removed and placed in an approved hazardous waste container. All drums must be properly labeled and disposed of through the Hazardous waste yard. Materials that cannot be completely decontaminated such as cloth, soil, and wood must be disposed of as hazardous waste.

8. Program Administration

8.1. Pest Management Operations

8.1.1. For corrective maintenance requests, facility managers report their issues directly to TRIRIGA.

8.1.2. Preventative Maintenance is work that is completed before an issue presents itself. Preventative Maintenance includes food facility inspections, weed surveys, equipment maintenance, base facility inspections and surveys.

8.1.3. Rodent Control is performed by placing/maintaining locked poison bait stations and setting/maintaining mechanical traps. These methods are accomplished on an as needed basis.

8.1.4. Mosquito Abatement includes larviciding and adulticiding operations. This is conducted only when directed by 341 MDOS. Mosquito breeding areas typically start in late April and continue through October.

8.1.5. Food facilities are inspected each month for cleanliness and any evidence of pests. With the exception of MAF Kitchens, as those are done semi-annually due to manning and mission requirements. Treatments are conducted as needed, and Public Health will be notified if treatments are required.

8.1.6. Vegetation management at missile launch facilities are required for security reasons. Control measures are taken to eradicate unwanted vegetation.

Extra care is taken not to affect neighboring agricultural lands around the sites.

Coordination with the County Extension Office and the Montana State University Non-Cropland section is continuous and keeps us up-to-date with the latest effective control measures for our hard-to-control weeds. IPM controls used for vegetation range between cultural and mechanical methods such as mowing. Care is taken to avoid contaminating other areas with mowers by cleaning the equipment on site.

8.1.7. Contracts or Quality Assurance contracts are written IAW with AFMAN 32-1053 and DoD Instruction 4150.07. Contractors must comply with AFMAN 32-1053, Integrated Pest Management Program. A grounds maintenance contract is established on base. The contract is only for herbiciding improved/semi-improved areas throughout MAFB. A Contracting Officer Representive (COR) is assigned to monitor this contract and does not require pest control COR training due to limited man-hours (less than .25 work year annually), per DoD Instruction

4150.7. If the contract is awarded, the contractor will implement an invasive weed control program during the spring and fall. The contractor provides monthly pesticide usage to Pest Management, which is added to the IPMIS report. Approximately 400 acres on MAFB will be controlled through herbicide applications. Pesticides not on the DoD list will be approved through our Command Entomologist.

8.1.8. Reports and Records all pesticide usage and IPM measures are documented in the IPMIS computer system. Reports are generated and are provided to Public Health, Bioenvironmental Engineering and the MAJCOM Command Entomologist.

8.1.9. Training and Certification must be maintained in order to apply pesticides.

Pest Management personnel are required to attend a Pest Management certification course. Primarily students attend this course after graduation from

Basic Military Training. Once the student arrives at their first duty station they are enrolled in Career Development Courses (CDCs) and begin On the Job Training (OJT). Once the CDCs are complete and appropriate tasks are completed and documented, the supervisor can recommend to the Command Entomologist that the individual receive DoD certification. Every three years Pest Management personnel attend a recertification course. A list of current competency data follows.

NAME DoD Number EXPIRATION

CIV Randall Crippen AF 767-09-0621 29 Jun 2024 TSgt April Pugh AF 1165-15-1121 29 Nov 2024 SSgt Aamel Diawatan AF 1317-19-0621 29 Jun 2024 SSgt Anastasia Stevens AF 1112-14-0922 29 Sep 2025 CIV Blake Cotton AF 1389-20-1120 06 Nov 2023 SrA Emonii Green AF 1310-19-1112 11 Nov 2025

8.1.10. All Pesticides are secured at all times and stored in temperature controlled rooms in building 473, the Pest Management shop. Pesticides transported in vehicles are locked in truck compartments at all times. Pest Management personnel are the only authorized personnel with access to chemical pesticides.

8.1.11. Emergency Disease Vector Surveillance and Control is conducted by Public Health. Public Health administers all surveillance for the primary potential disease vector, mosquitos.

8.1.12. Public Health personnel assist in determining the type, source, prevalence of disease vectors and pests of medical importance. They schedule occupational physical examinations and monitor the effectiveness of Pest Management efforts. All chemical treatment in food facilities, family home daycare facilities, child development facilities and the clinic must be coordinated with Public Health prior to application to ensure proper protective measures are in place within the facility. Pest Management provides Public Health with monthly application reports.

8.1.13. Bioenvironmental Engineer personnel set local standards concerning the use of personal protective equipment, train Pest Management personnel on the respiratory protection program, and evaluate the air quality in the workplace. Pest Management provides Bioenvironmental Engineering with the monthly chemical inventory.

8.1.14. The childcare facilities are required to maintain a high degree of sanitation therefore, insecticide applications are minimal. Public Health must be notified before using pesticides in or near child development centers.

8.1.15. Pesticide treatments at the MAFB clinic and food establishments must be coordinated with Public Health prior to the application of treatment to ensure proper protective measures are in place. These facilities are prepared in accordance with label directions. Most treatments are IPM in nature and require minimal preparation. The primary concerns in these facilities are ant and fly problems.

8.1.16. State agencies that normally coordinate with MAFB are Montana State Department of Agriculture; Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; and the County Extension Office. Any pest control operations that may affect areas outside of the installation boundaries are coordinated with one or all of these offices.

8.1.17. Pest Management personnel will notify the Security Forces desk of the following information: where the shooting will occur and who will be shooting.

Pest Management personnel are allowed to proceed from one shooting location to another as long as the Security Forces desk is notified. Pest Management personnel will notify the Security Forces desk when shooting operations have ceased. Pellet rifles may be carried in Pest Management vehicles without prior notice however; when the pellet rifle is intended to be used, the desk will be notified. Pellet rifles will be secured inside the truck when unattended. Pest Management personnel will wear the blaze orange vest in accordance with AFMAN 32-1053 and follow a two person policy while handling the pellet rifle and shotgun for safety concerns.

8.2. Sale and Distribution of Pesticides

8.2.1. The Self Help program offers a variety general use pesticides and traps for public use. Air Force augments installation pest control services through the self-help program. Self-help programs are mandated through AFMAN 32-1053.

8.2.2. Facility managers are authorized to use the self-help pesticides. Military family housing residents are no longer authorized to use the self-help program due to the privatizing of base housing. Participants in the self-help program will complete a copy of the acknowledgement letter provided in Appendix D. A listing of pesticides authorized is provided in Appendix D.

8.2.3. Pesticides sold in both the commissary and Base Exchange are registered by the EPA for general use; restricted use products are not sold. All of these products are classified as ready-to-use. When needed, Pest Control will consult with commissary and BX personnel on the proper storage of pesticides, in a manner consistent with the product label.

Appendix A

Acronyms and Definitions

Active Ingredient - The chemicals in a product responsible for the desired effects, which are capable in themselves, for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating insects, fungi, rodents, weeds, or other pests.

AFPMB - Armed Forces Pest Management Board

Annual - A plant that completes its life cycle from seed to seed in one year.

Anticoagulant - A substance which prevents normal blood clotting.

Antidote - A practical treatment, including first aid, used in treatment of poisoning.

Aquatic Plant - A plant that lives in water. There are three kinds: submergent-grows beneath the surface, such as waterweed and green algae; emergent-grows above the water, such as cattails and water lilies; floaters, such as water hyacinth and water lettuce.

Bare Ground Treatment - The use of residual herbicides at such rates as to provide semi-permanent control of plant growth.

Basal Treatment - A treatment applied to the stems or trunks of plants at and just above the ground line.

Biennial - A plant with a two year life cycle. Usually exists in the first year as a rosette of leaves close to the ground. In the second year, the stem elongates the plant flowers, produces seeds and then dies, e.g. Canada thistle.

Biocontrol - The use of biological agents, insects, fish, pathogens, etc., to control a pest.

Biological Control - Control of pests by means of predators, parasites and disease-producing organisms.

Botanical Pesticide - A pesticide produced by and extracted from plants. Examples are nicotine, pyrethrum, strychnine and rotenone.

Botanical Plant Name - A scientific name made up of the genus and species. Sometimes the variety or subspecies is included. It is more reliable and more universal than common names.

Broadleaf Species - those plants classified as dicotyledons; morphologically - those having broad, rounded or flattened leaves as opposed to the narrow blade leaves of the grasses, sedges, rushes and onions.

Carcinogen - A substance or agent capable of producing cancer.

Chemical Name - One that indicates the chemical composition of the compound.

Chlorinated Hydrocarbon - A chemical compound containing chlorine, carbon and hydrogen. DDT is a chlorinated hydrocarbon.

Common Pesticide Name - A name given to a pesticide by a recognized committee.

Many pesticides are known by a number of trade or brand names but have only one recognized common name. Example: the common name for Karathane, Arathane, Iscothane and Mildex is Dinocap.

Common Plant Name - A common English plant name not of botanical description.

Concentration - Refers to the amount of active ingredient in a given volume or weight of diluent.

Contact Herbicide - A compound that kills primarily by contact with plant tissue rather than as a result of translocation. Only that portion of a plant that is covered by the herbicide would be killed.

Defoliant - A compound which causes the leaves or foliage to drop from a plant.

Dermal Toxicity - Ability of a compound when absorbed through the skin of animals to produce symptoms of poisoning.

Detergent - Surface active agent primarily used for cleaning. Also has sticking and spreading properties.

Diluent - Any liquid or solid material used to dilute or carry an active ingredient.

Direct Application - An application to a restricted area such as a row, bed, or at the base of plants.

Ecological Balance - The relationship of numbers and kinds of organisms in a designated area. An area is said to be “balanced” or “healthy” when a self-sufficient, diversified community is found.

Emulsifiable Concentrate - A concentrate solution of a herbicide and an emulsifier in an organic solvent which will form an emulsion spontaneously when added to water with agitation.

Emulsion - A mixture in which one liquid is suspended as minute globules in another liquid, i.e., oil in water. When the emulsion consists of a droplet of water in oil, it is known as an “invert” or “mayonnaise” emulsion.

Filamentous Algae - Algae which grow in long filaments, with one cell attaching to another in long strings.

Food Service Area - Any place where food is stored, prepared, or served.

Formulation - The pesticide product containing the active ingredient, the carrier and other additives required to make it ready for sale.

Granule - A type of formulation in which the active ingredient is mixed with, absorbed or pressed on an inert carrier forming a small pellet.

Growth Regulator - A substance active in controlling growth and development of plants.

It may be either synthetic or a naturally-occurring compound.

Herbicide - A pesticide used for killing or inhibiting plant growth. A weed or grass killer.

Highly Toxic - (1) Substances are considered highly toxic by law if the LD 50 of a single oral dose is 50 milligrams or less per kilograms of body weight. (2) If LD 50 of toxicity by inhalation is 2,000 micrograms or less of dust or mist per liter of air or 200 ppm or less by volume of a gas or vapor when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour to both male and female rats or to other rodent or non-rodent species if it is reasonably foreseeable that such concentrations will be encountered by man. Or (3) If LD 50 of toxicity by skin absorption of 200 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours with the bare skin or rabbits or other rodent or non-rodent species as specified.

Inert Ingredient - Ingredients in a product which do not contribute to the activity of the active ingredient.

Ingredients - The simplest constituents of the pesticide which can reasonably be determined and reported. Ingredients may be active or inert.

Insect - Any of the numerous small invertebrate animals generally having the body more or less segmented, for most part belonging to the class Insecta, comprising six-legged, usually winged forms.

Insecticides - A substance or mixture of substances intended to prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate any insects which may be present in any environment whatsoever.

IPM – Integrated Pest Management

IPMIS – Integrated Pest Management Information System

Label - All written, printed, or graphic matter on or attached to, or accompanying the pesticide or the immediate container.

LD 50 - Abbreviation of median lethal dose. It indicates the amount of toxicant necessary to kill 50 percent of the pest being tested. Measured in mg/kg of body weight. The lower the LD 50 rate the more toxic the chemical.

Non-selective Herbicide - A chemical that is generally toxic to plants without regard to species. A non-selective herbicide may kill or harm all plants.

Oral Toxicity - Ability to cause injury when taken by mouth.

Pelleted - A type of formulation for dry application consisting of pellets of active herbicide or of inert material containing a herbicide.

Penetrant - Chemical agent that helps a formulation to penetrate bark or leaf surfaces.

Perennial - A plant that lives for more than 2 years.

Pest - Forms of plant and animal life or viruses that exist under circumstances that make them injurious to plants, man, domestic animals or other animals, articles or substances.

Petroleum Distillate - Kerosene.

PPM - Parts per million. A way of expressing amounts of chemicals in foods, plants, animals, etc. One part per million equals 1 lb. in 500 tons.

Rate - The amount of active ingredient of acid equivalent of herbicide applied to a unit area.

Residual - To have a continued killing effect over a period of time.

Residue - The amount of chemical which remains on the harvested crop.

Resistance - The degree to which a species of insect or other organism tolerates a toxic substance. Exposure of a population to a substance at such strength that only weaker individuals are killed raises the level of toleration in the breeding survivors and the organism in that area may increase its tolerance to the substance.

Rhizome - Underground stem, usually horizontally oriented, that produces roots and leafy shoots. Examples: the white underground parts of Johnsongrass and horsenettle; and black parts of Russian knapweed.

Selective Herbicide - A chemical compound used to destroy a particular group, genus, or species of plants not of that particular kind.

Slurry - A watery mixture or suspension of an insoluble pesticide. Example: fungicide slurries are applied to seeds to cut down on dustiness and aid in uniform coating with the pesticide.

Solute - The substances being dissolved.

Solution - Mixture of substances in which the ingredients are in the molecular state.

Solvent - A liquid which will dissolve a substance forming a true solution (liquid in molecular dispersion).

Species - A subdivision of a genus. A group of closely related individuals descended from the same stock.

Spot Treatment - The application of a pesticide to selected individual plants, animals or soil.

Spray Drift - The movement of airborne spray particles away from the intended application area.

Stolen - Above ground runners or slender stems that develop roots, shoots, and new plants at the tip of nodes as in the strawberry plant or Bermuda grass.

Surfactant - A material that improves the emulsifying, dispersing, spreading, wetting and other surface-modifying properties or herbicide formulations.

Synergism - The joint action of two or more pesticides that is greater than the sum of the pesticides when used alone.

Systemic Herbicide - A compound which is translocated within the plant and has an effect throughout the entire plant system.

Terrestrial - Living on land.

Tolerance - By law, a regulation that established the maximum amount of a pesticide chemical that may remain on a raw agricultural commodity.

Toxic - Poisonous injurious to animals and/or plants through contact of systemic action.

Toxicity - The natural capacity of a substance to produce injury. Toxicity is measured by oral, dermal and inhalation studies on these animals.

Trade Name - Name that designates a specific formulation of herbicides, i.e., “Hyvar”

XL.

Translocation - Transfer of food or other materials, such as herbicides, from one plant part to another.

Vapor Drift - The movement of herbicidal vapors from the area of application.

Weed - A plant that is undesirable due to certain characteristics or its presence in certain areas. A plant growing in a place where it is not wanted.

Weed Control - The process of limiting weed infestations so that crops can be grown profitably or other operations can be conducted efficiently.

Wettable Powder - A finely ground powder plus a wetting agent to keep the particles from floating when added to water.

Appendix B

IPM References and Links

2018 Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan

341AFI 91-212, Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Reduction Program, 27 April

AFMAN 32-1053, Integrated Pest Management Program, 6 August 2019

AFI 48-102, Medical Entomology Program, 9 September 2019

AFI 90-821, Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) Program, 12 May 2019

AFI 91-212, Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Reduction Program, 30 May

AFI 91-202, The US Air Force Mishap Prevention Program, 11 May 2020

AFPMG TG 15, Pesticide Spill Prevention and Management, August 2009

AFPMB TG 17, Design of Pest Management Facilities, August 2009

AFPMB TG 18, Installation Pest Management Program Guide, March 2013

AFPMB TG 42, Self-Help Integrated Pest Management, December 2016

Department of Defense Instruction (DoDI) 4150.07, DoD Pest Management Program, 26 December 2019

Department of Defense Manual (DoDM) 4150.07, Volume 1, DoD Pest Management Elements and Implementation, 22 January 2020

Performance Work Statement for Base Grounds Maintenance Services, March 2013

Appendix C

Chemical Inventory

BLDG #473 DATE: Jan 2021

Pesticides

Chemical EPA# NSN/SDS #

Altosid 2724-421 6840-01-424-2495

AQUA-RESLIN 432-796 Non DOD Pesticide

AQUABAC (200 G) 62637-3 Non DOD Pesticide

BP 300 499-450 Non DOD Pesticide

BP-50 499-453 Non DOD Pesticide

Delta Dust 432-772 6840-01-431-3345

Demon WP 100-990 6840-01-390-4822

D-Force Residual 9444-217 Non DOD Pesticide

D-Phenothrin, 2%, aerosol

901-82 Non DOD Pesticide

Essentria IC3 FIFRA 25(b) Non DOD Pesticide

Final 12455-89 6840-01-503-5348

GENTROL 2724-351-50809 Non DOD Pesticide

JT EATON KILLS

BEDBUGS II

45385-97-56 6840-01-573-5024

Large Gas Cartridge 56228-21 Non DOD Pesticide

MAXFORCE ANT

BAIT STATIONS

432-1256 6840-01-298-1122

MAXFORCE FC ANT

KILLER…