Attachment 2.5_PWS Appendix E.pdf

U. S. AIR FORCE INTEGRATED NATURAL RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT PLAN

MALMSTROM AIR FORCE BASE

(See INRMP signature pages for plan approval date)

INTEGRATED NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLAN

ABOUT THIS PLAN

This installation-specific Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is based on the U.S. Air Force’s (AF) standardized Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP) template. This INRMP has been developed in cooperation with applicable stakeholders, which may include Sikes Act cooperating agencies and/or local equivalents, to document how natural resources will be managed. Non-U.S. territories will comply with applicable Final Governing Standards (FGS). Where applicable, external resources, including Air Force Instructions (AFIs); AF Playbooks; federal, state, local, FGS, biological opinion and permit requirements, are referenced.

Certain sections of this INRMP begin with standardized, AF-wide “common text” language that address AF and Department of Defense (DoD) policy and federal requirements. This common text language is restricted from editing to ensure that it remains standard throughout all plans. Immediately following the AF-wide common text sections are installation sections. The installation sections contain installation-specific content to address local and/or installation-specific requirements. Installation sections are unrestricted and are maintained and updated by AF environmental Installation Support Teams (ISTs) and/or installation personnel.

NOTE: The terms ‘Natural Resources Manager’, ‘NRM’ and ‘NRM/POC’ are used throughout this document to refer to the installation person responsible for the natural resources program, regardless of whether this person meets the qualifications within the definition of a natural resources management professional in DODI 4715.03.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABOUT THIS PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DOCUMENT CONTROL

INRMP APPROVAL/SIGNATURE PAGES

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.0 OVERVIEW AND SCOPE

1.1 Purpose and Scope

1.2 Management Philosophy

1.3 Authority

1.4 Integration with Other Plans

2.0 INSTALLATION PROFILE

2.1 Installation Overview

2.1.1 Location and Area

2.1.2 Installation History

2.1.3 Military Missions

2.1.4 Surrounding Communities

2.1.5 Local and Regional Natural Areas

2.2 Physical Environment

2.2.1 Climate

2.2.2 Landforms

2.2.3 Geology and Soils

2.2.4 Hydrology

2.3 Ecosystems and the Biotic Environment

2.3.1 Ecosystem Classification

2.3.2 Vegetation

2.3.3 Fish and Wildlife

2.3.4 Threatened and Endangered Species and Species of Concern

2.3.5 Wetlands and Floodplains

2.3.6 Other Natural Resource Information

2.4 Mission Impacts on Natural Resources

2.4.1 Natural Resource Constraints to Mission and Mission Planning

2.4.2 Land Use

2.4.3 Current Major Impacts

2.4.4 Potential Future Impacts

2.4.5 Natural Resources Needed to Support the Military Mission

3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

4.0 GENERAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

5.0 TRAINING

6.0 RECORDKEEPING AND REPORTING

6.1 Recordkeeping

6.2 Reporting

7.0 NATURAL RESOURCES PROGRAM MANAGEMENT

7.1 Fish and Wildlife Management

7.2 Outdoor Recreation and Public Access to Natural Resources

7.3 Conservation Law Enforcement

7.4 Management of Threatened and Endangered Species, Species of Concern and Habitats

7.5 Water Resource Protection

7.6 Wetland Protection

7.7 Grounds Maintenance

7.8 Forest Management

7.9 Wildland Fire Management

7.10 Agricultural Outleasing

7.11 Integrated Pest Management Program

7.12 Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH)

7.14 Cultural Resources Protection

7.15 Public Outreach

7.16 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

8.0 MANAGEMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

9.0 INRMP IMPLEMENTATION, UPDATE, AND REVISION PROCESS

9.1 Natural Resources Management Staffing and Implementation

9.2 Monitoring INRMP Implementation

9.3 Annual INRMP Review and Update Requirements

10.0 ANNUAL WORK PLANS

11.0 REFERENCES

11.1 Standard References (Applicable to all AF installations)

11.2 Installation References

12.0 ACRONYMS

12.1 Standard Acronyms (Applicable to all AF installations)

12.2 Installation Acronyms

13.0 DEFINITIONS

13.1 Standard Definitions (Applicable to all AF installations)

13.2 Installation Definitions

14.0 APPENDICES

Appendix A. Annotated Summary of Key Legislation Related to Design and Implementation of the

INRMP

Appendix B. Annual Review and Coordination Page Appendix C. INRMP Master Update List

15.0 ASSOCIATED PLANS

Tab 1 – Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan (ICRMP) Tab 2 – Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPMP) Tab 3 – Wildland Fire Management Plan Tab 4 – Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Plan

DOCUMENT CONTROL

Record of Review - The INRMP is updated not less than annually, or as changes to natural resource management and conservation practices occur, including those driven by changes in applicable regulations.

In accordance with (IA W) the Sikes Act and AFI 32-7064, Natural Resources Management, the INRMP is required to be reviewed for operation and effect not less than every five years. Annual reviews and updates are accomplished by the base Natural Resources Manager (NRM), and/or an Installation Support Team Natural Resources Media Manager. The installation shall establish and maintain regular communications with the appropriate federal and state agencies. At a minimum, the installation NRM (with assistance as appropriate from the NR Media Manager) conducts an annual review of the INRMP in coordination with internal stakeholders and local representatives of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), state fish and wildlife agency, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration {NOAA) Fisheries, where applicable, and accomplishes pertinent updates. Installations will document the findings of the annual review in an Annual INRMP Review Summary. By signature to the Annual INRMP Review Summary, the collaborating agency representative asserts concurrence with the findings. Any agreed updates are then made to the document, at a minimum updating the work plans.

1NRMP APPROVAL/SIGNATURE PAGES

MALMSTROM AIR FORCE BASE. MONTANA

This Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan meets the requirements of the Sikes Act (16 U.S.C.

670a et seq.) as amended and has been prepared in accordance with regulations, standards, and procedures of the Department of Defense and the U.S. Air Force. To the extent that resources permit, Malmstrom Air

Force Base will implement the actions associated within this plan and will strive to meet its goals and objectives. By their signatures below, or an enclosed letter of concurrence, all parties have reviewed this plan for operation and effect and grant their concurrence and acceptance.

Mr. · ary ellotti Superviso , Region 4, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks Great Falls, MT 59405

0 ice Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Montana State Ecological Services Office Helena, MT 59601

Pages of 165

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This document outlines a long-term plan for Malmstrom Air Force Base (AFB or Base) to manage natural resources in compliance with relevant statutes, executive orders (EO), Presidential memoranda, regulations, and Air Force-specific requirements and instructions. This Plan, the 2018 Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP), serves as the Wing Commander’s decision document for natural resources management actions and associated compliance procedures through fiscal year 2022. The INRMP integrates the Base’s natural resources management program with ongoing mission activities to conserve and protect natural resources in support of the military mission for present and future generations.

Malmstrom AFB is committed to a proactive management strategy focused on an ecosystem-based approach to natural resources management, including the protection and conservation of wildlife, habitat, and the surrounding watershed. The INRMP outlines a plan to implement this strategy by identifying (1) the military mission and its potential effects on natural resources, (2) baseline information on the physical and biotic environment, (3) recommended goals, objectives, and projects for key natural resource management areas, (4) personnel, funding, and support required for implementation of the INRMP and the recommended projects, and (5) opportunities for consultation with stakeholders in the implementation process.

Key natural resource management issues at Malmstrom AFB include improving the ecological integrity of the prairie grassland and pond habitat; updating and maintaining awareness of wildlife species on Base and throughout the deployment area; protecting the Missouri River watershed; controlling the distribution of invasive plant and animal species; minimizing bird/wildlife aircraft strike hazards; and sustaining opportunities for outdoor recreation. Management goals and objectives to address these issues have been defined based on regulatory requirements and projected trends. Projects are identified that directly link to both a management objective and a regulatory driver. A project implementation schedule is provided to aid planning for resource allocation.

This INRMP details the steps needed to fulfill all compliance requirements related to natural resources and to provide for environmental stewardship at Malmstrom AFB. Full compliance and sound stewardship are dependent on implementation of the INRMP through the appropriation of funds for the recommended projects. Annual reviews with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (MFWP) will ensure that the INRMP remains current and relevant. Annual review concurrence will be documented in Appendix B. If it is determined that any of the proposed actions contained in this INRMP require an environmental assessment (EA), the process will be initiated and completed prior to implementation of the action in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act.

1.0 OVERVIEW AND SCOPE

This INRMP provides for effective management and protection of natural resources. It summarizes the natural resources present on the installation and outlines strategies to manage those resources. Natural resources are valuable assets of the United States Air Force. They provide the natural infrastructure needed for testing weapons and technology, as well as for training military personnel. Sound management of natural resources increases the effectiveness of Air Force adaptability in all environments. The Air Force has stewardship responsibility over installation lands to ensure all natural resources are conserved, protected, and used in sustainable ways. The primary objective of the Air Force natural resources program is to sustain, restore and modernize natural infrastructure to ensure operational capability and no net loss in the capability of AF lands to support the installation military mission. The plan outlines and assigns natural resource management responsibilities, discusses related concerns, and provides program management elements that will help to maintain or improve the natural resources within the context of the installation’s mission. The INRMP is intended for use by all installation personnel. The Sikes Act is the legal driver for the INRMP.

1.1 Purpose and Scope

Malmstrom developed this INRMP for use by Malmstrom AFB in accordance with Air Force Instruction (AFI) 32-7064 - Integrated Natural Resources Management, Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 32-70 - Environmental Quality, and the provisions of the Sikes Act (16 United States Code [U.S.C.] 670a et seq.).

Following development of the previous INRMP, standardized format and contents were established by the Air Force (AF) for IRNMPs. This new format and content have both been adopted in this 2018 INRMP.

This INRMP provides a reference and planning document for managing natural resources while maintaining mission readiness. The INRMP provides for successful completion of the mission by integrating natural resources management with mission requirements and incorporating natural resources management into the Installation Development Plan. The INRMP uses an interdisciplinary approach to ecosystem management that allows for sustainable use of Malmstrom AFB lands and other natural resources in mission support.

This INRMP includes lands that fall within the main Base boundaries and the individual Missile Alert Facilities (MAF) and Launch Facilities (LF). The LFs and MAFs collectively are generally referred to as the missile complex. The INRMP recommends various management practices designed to mitigate negative impacts and to enhance the positive effects of the Malmstrom AFB’s mission on local ecosystems.

INRMPs must address: (1) natural resource conservation and rehabilitation; (2) sustainable multipurpose resource use to include hunting, fishing, trapping, and non-consumptive uses; (3) fish and wildlife management, land management, forest management, and fish- and wildlife-oriented recreation; (4) fish and wildlife habitat enhancement or modifications; (5) wetland protection, enhancement, and restoration, where necessary for support of fish, wildlife, or plants; (6) integration of, and consistency among, the various activities conducted under the plan; (7) establishment of specific natural resource management goals and objectives and timeframes for proposed action; (8) sustainable natural resource use by the public to the extent that the use is not inconsistent with the needs of fish and wildlife resources; (9) public access to the military installation that is necessary or appropriate subject to the requirements necessary to ensure safety and military security; (10) enforcement of applicable natural resource laws (including regulations); and (11) no net loss in the capability of military installation lands to support the military mission.

The INRMP integrates all aspects of natural resources management with the Malmstrom mission. The INRMP becomes the primary tool for effectively managing the associated ecosystems while ensuring the successful mission accomplishment. Malmstrom developed these specific INRMP management practices to enhance and maintain biological diversity.

1.2 Management Philosophy

1.2.1 Department of Defense Policy

“The principal purpose of DoD lands, waters, airspace, and coastal resources is to support mission related activities. All DoD natural resources conservation program activities shall work to guarantee DoD continued access to its land, air, and water resources for realistic military training and testing and to sustain the long-term ecological integrity of the resources base and the ecosystem services it provides, in accordance with section 670a-670o of title 16, United States Code (U.S.C.)(also known as the Sikes Act.”

(DoD Instruction (DoDI) 4715.03, February 14, 2011). This DoD Ecosystem Management Policy Directive defines the principles of ecosystem management and directs that ecosystem management form the basis of DoD natural resources and land management. DoDI 4715.03 provides: “DoD shall follow an ecosystem based management approach to natural resources-related practices and decisions, using scientifically sound conservation procedures, techniques, and data.”

1.2.2 Ecosystem Management

Ecosystem management is complex, replete with variability and uncertainty. However, the benefits of managing natural resources by ecosystem management are enormous, affecting all biological and ecosystem parameters. DoDI 4715.03 provides: “Ecosystem management is a process that considers the environment as a complex system functioning as a whole, not as a collection of parts, and recognizes that people and their social and economic needs are a part of the whole.”

Further, DoDI 4715.03 states that within the context of ecosystem-based management, natural resources management will:

• Implement an ecosystem-based multiple species management approach, consistent with the requirements of the Endangered Species Act (ESA), and avoid single-species management;

• Employ an adaptive management approach to manage natural resources.

• Evaluate and engage in the information of local or regional partnerships that benefit the goals and objectives of the INRMP.

• Use the best available scientific information in decision-making and adaptive management techniques in natural resource management.

• Foster long-term sustainability of ecosystem services.

1.2.3 Department of Defense Directives for Biodiversity

DoD Directive 4700.4 calls for integrating natural resources programs such as forestry, wildlife, and outdoor recreation, and the development of INRMPs. This directive led to DoD forming partnerships with other natural resource and land management agencies using ecosystem management principles. DoDI

4715.03 includes biodiversity directives to be followed whenever practicable.

The INRMP serves as the primary vehicle for implementing biodiversity protection on military lands. This protection is accomplished by:

• monitoring and inventory efforts to provide information for adaptive management,

• protecting sensitive habitats/areas,

• using native species and natural landscaping techniques,

• managing and protecting wetlands,

• conserving biodiversity as a critical issue, and

• limiting activities that negatively affect biodiversity.

1.2.4 Adaptive Management

To address uncertainties and complexities inherent in natural systems, managers employ an adaptive management process - by treating ecosystem management as an experiment (Leslie et al., 1996). It is a flexible approach which develops and considers alternative methods to meet objectives, anticipated outcomes are estimated based on the available data, and implements one (or more) of these alternatives based on expectations of outcomes and subsequently evaluates those management actions to learn about the impacts, and then uses these results to inform and adjust management actions (Williams et al., 2009).

1.2.5 Air Force Policy

AFI 32-7064 states that when preparing or revising an INRMP, ecosystem management principles and guidelines of DoDI 4715.03 are considered. AFI 32-7064 states that biodiversity conservation is an integral part of ecosystem management, and that viable populations of all native species should be maintained or reestablished on all AF-controlled lands when practical and consistent with the military mission. AFI 32- 7064 also specifies five AF ecosystem management principles:

• Maintain or restore native ecosystem types across their natural range where practical and consistent with the military mission.

• Maintain or restore ecological processes such as fire and other disturbance regimes where practical and consistent with the military mission.

• Maintain or restore the hydrological processes in streams, floodplains, and wetlands when feasible and practical and consistent with military mission.

• Use regional approaches to implement ecosystem management on an installation by collaboration with other DoD components as well as other federal, state and local agencies, and adjoining property owners.

• Provide for outdoor recreation, agricultural production, harvesting of forest products, and other practical utilization of the land and its resources, provided that such use does not inflict long-term ecosystem damage or negatively impact the AF mission.

1.2.6 Malmstrom AFB INRMP Goals

This INRMP presents broad guidance as well as specific goals, objectives, and projects for management of the natural resources on Malmstrom AFB. The INRMP supports the mission by identifying installation natural resources, developing resource management goals, and integrating management objectives into the requirements for mission support and regulatory compliance to minimize natural resource constraints.

The INRMP goal is to integrate management objectives and activities in a way that sustains, promotes, and restores the health and integrity of the ecosystems on the Base and missile complex and ensures their long-term capability to support the military mission in a manner consistent with principles of responsible and sustainable land stewardship.

Approximately half of the property on the main installation has been developed in support of the military mission. The remaining Base property is used as a buffer for security of sensitive areas, separation between areas that have undesirable functional relationships, and reserves for future development. In addition, Malmstrom AFB has easement lands which surround all 165 MAF and LF facilities (geographically separated units; GSUs) in the missile complex. Management and protection of natural resources on these lands are essential to the long-term sustainability of the land and its ability to support mission requirements.

This INRMP outlines the steps needed to fulfill compliance requirements related to natural resources management and fosters environmental stewardship. It is organized into the following principal sections:

• An overview of the current status and conditions of the natural resources

• Identification of potential impacts to or from natural resources

• The key natural resource management areas addressed

• Management recommendations that incorporate the installation’s goals and objectives for natural resource management areas

• Specific work plans for effective implementation of the INRMP

Malmstrom AFB personnel involved with various aspects of natural resources management analyze gathered information and reviewed management issues and concerns, as well as goals and objectives. The INRMP uses interdisciplinary approach and is based on existing information of the physical and biotic environments, mission activities, and environmental management practices at Malmstrom AFB.

Coordination and correspondence with involved agencies and personnel is documented and satisfies a portion of the requirements of 32 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 989 – Environmental Impact Analysis Process (EIAP). Goals and objectives require monitoring on a continuous basis and management strategies are updated whenever there are changes in mission requirements, adverse effects to or from natural resources, or changes in regulations governing management of natural resources.

1.3 Authority

The INRMP facilitates compliance with federal, state, and local regulatory and statutory requirements that encompass the analysis of potential environmental impacts, water and air quality, threatened and endangered (T&E) species, migratory birds, and other wildlife. Primary regulatory drivers include:

1.3.1 Sikes Act

The Sikes Act governs natural resources management on DoD lands. It states, “The Secretary of Defense shall carry out a program to provide for the conservation and rehabilitation of natural resources on military installations. To facilitate the program, the Secretary of each military department shall prepare and implement an integrated natural resources management plan for each military installation...”

The Sikes Act requires that, an INRMP be written and implemented for all DoD installations having significant natural resources. Consistent with the use of military installations to ensure the preparedness of the Armed Forces, it requires each INRMP, where appropriate and applicable, to provide for:

• Management of fish and wildlife, lands, forest, and fish and wildlife-oriented recreation;

• Enhancement or modifications of fish and wildlife habitat;

• Protection, enhancement, and restoration of wetland where necessary for support of fish or wildlife;

• Integration of, and consistency among, the various activities conducted under the INRMP;

• Establishment of specific natural resources management objectives and time frames for proposed actions;

• Enforcement of all federal natural resource laws and regulations, when violations occur on the installation, and

• No net loss in the capability of military installation lands to support the military mission of the Installation.

The Sikes Act also requires or provides for:

• Regular review of this INRMP and its effects, not less often than every five years;

• Exemption from procurement of services under Office of Management and Budget Circular A-76 and any of its successor circulars; and

• Priority for contracts involving implementation of this INRMP to state and federal agencies having responsibility for conservation of fish or wildlife.

1.3.2 Department of Defense

DoDI 4715.03, Natural Resources Conservation Program requires that “… installations prepare, maintain, and implement Integrated Natural Resources Management Plans (INRMPs) in coordination with the U.S.

Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the appropriate State fish and wildlife management agency(s), and ensure that those plans are fully coordinated with appropriate installation offices responsible for preparing, maintaining, and implementing other programs and plans that may affect land use or be affected by land use decisions, to include but not be limited to operation and training plans, range sustainment plans, installation master plans, outdoor recreation plans, integrated cultural resources management plans, pest management plans, and other installation plans as appropriate.”

DoDI 4715.03 provides for INRMP self-assessment and external reviews, including stakeholder annual reviews and external reviews for operation and effect no less than every five years, using Natural Resources Conservation metrics. INRMPs are to be updated or revised as necessary, based on results of these reviews.

In 2013, the DoD, USFWS, and the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies signed a Memorandum of Understanding for a Cooperative Integrated Natural Resource Management Program on Military Installations. The DoD, among other items, agreed to:

• take the lead in the development of policies related to INRMP development and implementation and invite USFWS and state fish and wildlife agency offices to participate in developing and updating INRMPs, well in advance of final product date;

• encourage military installations to take advantage of signatory agencies’ natural resources expertise through the use of Economy Act transfers and Sikes Act cooperative agreements;

• encourage military installations to identify INRMP projects and give priority to those that ensure conservation of natural resources while sustaining military mission activities, achieve compliance with laws, and provide adequate staffing for development and implementation of INRMPs;

• provide access (subject to mission, safety, and security requirements) to military installations in order to facilitate the sustainable multipurpose use of its natural resources;

• identify DoD natural resources research needs and develop research proposals with input from the agencies; and

• encourage Military Services to establish natural resources management liaisons with the agencies to facilitate INRMP coordination, cooperative regional and local natural resources partnerships, and natural resources conservation technology transfer and training initiatives.

1.3.3 Air Force

AFI 32-7064, Integrated Natural Resources Management (22 November 2016) implemented AF and DoD Policy Directives. It explains how to manage natural resources on AF property in the U.S. for compliance with state, federal and local laws and standards for natural resources management.

1.3.4 Malmstrom AFB

This INRMP has been developed cooperatively between the installation, the USFWS and MFWP, and fulfills the requirement of the Sikes Act as amended. The Air Force natural resources program ensures continued access to land, air and water resources to conduct realistic military training and testing, as well as to sustain the long-term ecological integrity of the resource base. This INRMP implements applicable DoD and AF policies, directives, and instructions. AFI 32-7064, Integrated Natural Resources Management, provides direction and instructions for preparing an INRMP. This plan addresses issues using guidance provided under legislation, EOs, Directives, and Instructions including DoDI 4715.03, Natural Resources Conservation Program; AFPD 32-70, Environmental Quality; AFI 32-7065, Cultural Resources Management; and AFI 32-7064. DoDI 4715.03 provides direction for DoD installations to establish procedures for an integrated program for multiple-use management of natural resources. AFPD 32-70 discusses general environmental quality issues, including proper cleanup of polluted sites, compliance with applicable regulations, conservation of natural resources, and pollution prevention. AFI 32-7065 provides guidance on the preservation of cultural resources at AF installations.

1.4 Integration with Other Plans

Natural resources program management involves the integration of numerous management areas, including coordination among stakeholders, geographic information systems (GIS), fish and wildlife management, T&E species management, water resources and wetlands protection, grounds maintenance, agricultural out-leasing, bird aircraft strike hazard (BASH) reduction, wildland fire management, integrated pest management, outdoor recreation, cultural resources protection, enforcement, and public outreach.

The Malmstrom AFB INRMP incorporates information from the operational component plans and the Base Installation Development Plan. Likewise, information from this document will be integrated into the Base Comprehensive Planning Process. The INRMP supports the natural resources component of the Installation Development Plan by integrating all aspects of natural resources management with each other and with the Base’s military mission, as well as by establishing goals and objectives (Figure 1).

Malmstrom AFB will coordinate the INRMP final plan and revisions through the chain of command, the USFWS and MFWP. The Natural Resources Program Manager must ensure that the INRMP supports and does not conflict with other installation plans: the Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan, Installation Restoration Program plan, Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) plan, Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPMP), Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), Grounds Maintenance contract, Wildland Fire Management Plan, Air Installation Compatible Use Zone (AICUZ) Resource Book, and any other plans that may affect natural resources.

The INRMP and the BASH Plan both cover bird/wildlife management activities aimed at minimizing potential aircraft strikes, through e.g. habitat management and wildlife relocation. The INRMP and the IPMP detail efforts to control pest animal and plant species that benefit both the mission and natural resources. The INRMP integrates with and supports the installation AICUZ program by describing management activities that support both natural resources and AICUZ goals, such as buffers that benefit wildlife and also provide noise attenuation and crash areas.

Appendix A ‘Annotated Summary of Key Legislation Related to Design and Implementation of the INRMP’ summarizes key legislation and guidance used to create and implement this INRMP. Installation-specific policies, laws and regulations are summarized in the table below.

Installation-Specific Policies (including State and/or Local Laws and Regulations) Policy Specific Measures The Sikes Act, 16 USC §§670

et. seq.

Requires the Department of Defense to develop and implement Integrated Natural Resources Management Plans for military installations

Department of Defense Instruction (DoDI) 4715.3 (Environmental Conservation Program)

INRMPs to be developed and implemented for lands that have suitable habitats for conserving and managing natural resources

Air Force Policy Directive 32-70 (Environmental Quality) Installations maintain species and habitat inventory

AFI 32-7064 (Integrated Natural Resources Management)

Integrated Natural Resources Management; Protection of sensitive and listed species

Clean Water Act Prohibits discharge of material into US waters without a permit from the US Army Corps of Engineers

Migratory Bird Treaty Act Prohibits take of migratory birds Endangered Species Act Protection of Federally-listed species Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act Protects Bald and Golden Eagles, their parts, and their nests

Executive Order 11990 Federal agencies protect wetlands AFI 91-202 BASH Program Executive Order 13186:

Responsibilities of Federal Agencies to Protect Migratory Birds

Protection of migratory birds

Executive Order 13112: Invasive Species Identify, prevent, control, and monitor invasive species

National Environmental Policy Act

Policy is to assure that all branches of government give proper consideration to the environment prior to undertaking any major federal action

Figure 1. Relationship between Management Plans for Malmstrom AFB.

2.0 INSTALLATION PROFILE

Office of Primary Responsibility 341CES Installation Management Flight implements the Natural Resources Management program and monitors compliance with federal, state and local regulations

Natural Resources Manager/POC Donald Delorme 406-731-6447 Donald.delorme@us.af.mil

State and/or local regulatory POCs (For US-bases, include agency name for Sikes Act cooperating agencies)

USFWS, MT Ecological Services, Tel. 406-449-5225 MFWP, Region 4 Headquarters, Tel. 406-454-5840 Montana DNRC, Tel. (406)444-2074

Total acreage managed by installation

28,852 acres

Total acreage of wetlands 0.479 acres jurisdictional

5.75 acres non-jurisdictional

Total acreage of forested land NA Does installation have any Biological Opinions?

NA

NR Program Applicability (Place a checkmark next to each program that must be implemented at the installation. Document applicability and current management practices in Section 7.0)

Invasive species Wetlands Protection Program Grounds Maintenance Contract/SOW ☐ Forest Management Program Wildland Fire Management Program Agricultural Outleasing Program Integrated Pest Management Program Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Program ☐ Coastal Zones/Marine Resources Management Program Cultural Resources Management Program

2.1 Installation Overview

2.1.1 Location and Area

Malmstrom AFB is located in Cascade County, in north central Montana. The city of Great Falls lies to the west of the Base, approximately 0.4 miles (0.6 kilometer [km]) at its closest point (Figure 2). The Missouri River flows in a northeasterly direction approximately one mile (1,609 meter [m]) to the north of the Base. The foothills of the Rocky Mountains lie about 50 miles (80.5 km) to the west.

The main installation encompasses approximately 3,628 acres (1,468.2 hectares [ha]). In addition, 438 acres (177 ha) of restrictive easements are held on adjacent lands. A total of 25,224 acres (10,207.8 ha) of land, including restrictive easements, are held in the missile complex. The 341st Missile Wing (341 MW) missile complex includes the 10th Missile Squadron (MS), 12th MS, and the 490th MS. The oldest squadron, the 564th MS was officially deactivated in 2008, while the land remains under AF caretaker status. The 5 MAFs and 50 LFs of the 564th MS have been demolished, and all equipment and missiles removed from the sites. The four remaining missile squadrons contain a total of 20 MAFs and 200 LFs, distributed throughout a 23,500 square-mile (60,865 km2) area in north-central Montana (Figure 3).

Malmstrom AFB is located east of the city of Great Falls. The Base is currently bordered by agricultural lands mixed with commercial, industrial, residential, and open land. The county parcels adjacent to the western Base boundary along 2nd Ave North are zoned General Business. The county (un-annexed) parcels to the south are designated agricultural and/or Suburban Residential, and to the east entirely agricultural. To the immediate north of Malmstrom AFB there is a 200 acre (80.9 ha) parcel which has been annexed by the city and zoned Heavy Industrial. This parcel and several adjacent un-annexed parcels (zoned agricultural) are part of the Great Falls Agri-Tech Park. As it develops the park may have impacts such as noise and odor on the Minuteman Village housing area. A parcel immediately west of Peacekeeper Park housing area contains an elementary school. A small sliver of land just north of the school, and right next to the Base's 10th Ave North entrance, is part of the Parks and Open Space zone.

Installation/GSU Location and Area Descriptions

Base/GSU Name Main Use Acreage Addressed in INRMP? Describe NR Implications

Malmstrom AFB, Main Installation

Minuteman III ICMBs 3,278

Addressed throughout

INRMP

Malmstrom activities may cause direct physical impacts, harassment, and habitat impacts for plant and animal species, and may affect natural resources personnel ability to manage resources due to access and safety restrictions. Mission activities also protect many species and habitats due to management of buffer areas as grasslands and wetland habitats.

Malmstrom

AFB

Deployment

Area

Minuteman III ICMBs, MAFs and

LFs

25,224 Addressed throughout

INRMP

Mission activities may cause direct physical impacts, harassment, and habitat impacts for sensitive species and habitats.

Figure 2. Vicinity of Malmstrom AFB and Great Falls, Montana.

Figure 3. Malmstrom AFB Deployment Area in Montana.

2.1.2 Installation History

Malmstrom AFB was activated in 1942 as the Great Falls Army Air Base. The Base supported Alaskan air bases and provided B-17 Flying Fortress training. In 1954, the Strategic Air Command assumed command from the Military Air Transport Service. The 407th Strategic Fighter Wing was activated to provide protection for strategic bombers. In 1961 the Base name was changed to Malmstrom AFB. In 1961, the 341st Strategic Missile Wing was activated as the Air Force’s first Minuteman Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) wing. By 1967, the wing had a total strength of 200 missiles spread over 23,500 square miles (60,865 km2). The 341 Strategic Missile Wing was re-designated the 341 MW in 1991.

The 301st Air Refueling Wing was activated in 1988 with a strength of 16 KC-135 tanker aircraft. In 1992, the 301st was deactivated and reactivated as the 43rd Air Refueling Wing (ARW). In 1994, the 43 ARW was re-designated as the 43rd Air Refueling Group (ARG), and the 341 MW was reassigned to Air Force Space Command. The 43rd ARW was deactivated and transferred to MacDill AFB, Florida in September 1996. In August 1997, Malmstrom AFB became host to the 819th Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron, Engineer (RED HORSE) squadron. RED HORSE consists of a mobile squadron designed to rapidly respond and operate in remote high-threat environments. This activation marked the first active duty and Air National Guard associate unit in the Air Force.

On 1 October 1997, the 341st Missile Wing was re-designated the 341st Space Wing (341 SW). This designation reverted back to the 341st Missile Wing on 1 July 2008. On August 15, 2008, the 564th Missile Squadron was officially deactivated (Figure 3). This included pulling all major equipment and components from the squadron’s 50 LFs and 5 MAFs. The 341st Missile Wing was reassigned to the newly created Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC) on 1 December 2009.

2.1.3 Military Missions

The 341st Missile Wing, a component of AFGSC, is the current host unit at Malmstrom AFB. The 341 MW mission is Airmen defending the American way of life with combat-ready ICBMs. The 341 MW is one of three AF Bases that maintains and operates the Minuteman III ICBMs, providing support for the operation of 150 Minuteman III missiles, a critical component of America’s on-alert strategic forces.

Major organizations on Malmstrom AFB within the 341 MW are described below. Their organizational structure is illustrated in Figure 4.

1. 341st Operations Group (341 OG) - Provides forces to launch, monitor, and secure the LFs, ICBMs, and MAFs throughout missile complex.

2. 341st Maintenance Group (341 MXG) – Maintains the ICBMs, LFs and MAFs to remain on alert.

3. 341st Mission Support Group (341 MSG) - Provides mission support including Supply, Transportation, Civil Engineers, Communications, Contracting, and Force Support squadrons.

4. 341st Medical Group (341 MDG) – Delivers force health protection and health service support.

5. 341st Security Forces Group (341 SFG) - Provides security for all 341 MW resources and operations.

The 341 MW hosts the 40th Helicopter Squadron (40 HS), which provides helicopter airlift support. The 40 HS performs aerial surveillance and security forces response; supports emergency war order taskings, transports priority personnel and logistics and search and rescue missions supporting local communities.

The 819th RED HORSE is also stationed at Malmstrom AFB. The 819th RED HORSE is a rapidly deployable Air Combat Command engineering and construction unit that trains on-Base for deployment around the world.

Other tenant units include the Air Force Office of Special Investigations, Area Defense Council, U.S.

Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Field Office, and the Army and Air Force Exchange Service.

Malmstrom AFB maintains industrial, residential, commercial, and recreational areas to support the mission of the 341 MW.

Figure 4. The 341st Missile Wing Organizational Structure.

Listing of Tenants and NR Responsibility

Tenant Organization NR Responsibility

40th Helicopter Squadron

The Natural Resources Program Manager provides support with: MBTA compliance, Bird-Aircraft Strike Hazard reduction, invasive and with hazardous and nuisance species management.

819th RED HORSE Squadron

The Natural Resources Program Manager and the 341 Civil Engineering Squadron/Civil Engineering Installation Management Flight provides EIAP support, ESA, MBTA, and natural resources support, invasive and nuisance species management, sensitive species surveys /monitoring, and NR compliance monitoring.

Air Force Office of Special Investigations Same as above.

Area Defense Council Same as above.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Field Office Same as above.

Army and Air Force Exchange Service Same as above.

Commander 341st Missile Wing

341st Operations Group

10 MS

12 MS

490 MS

341 OSS

341st Maintenance Group

341 MMXS

341 MOS

341 MUNS

741 MXS

341st Mission Support Group

341 FSS

341 CS

341 CONS

341 CES

- Installation Management Flight

341 LRS

341st Security Forces Group

341 MSFS

741 MSFS

841 MSFS

341 SFS

341 SSPTS

341st Medical Group

341 MDSS

341 MDOS

Vice Commander 341st Missile Wing

Command CMSgt 341st Missile Wing

Wing Staff Inspector General

2.1.4 Surrounding Communities

Cascade County encompasses 2,698 square miles (6,988 km2). Great Falls is the largest community in Cascade County. The city of Great Falls is located west of Malmstrom AFB along the shores of the Missouri River, near its confluence with the Sun River. Area land use is primarily agricultural. The foothills of the Rocky Mountains are 35 miles (56 km) to the west, the Highwood Mountains are 20 miles (32 km) to the east-southeast, and the Little Belt Mountains are 30 miles (48 km) to the south- southwest.

The Montana Department of Labor and Industry estimates total employment within the region of influence at 36,467 with the majority of workers employed in services or retail industries (Montana Department of Labor and Industry, 2018). Malmstrom AFB is the largest employer in the region, with 3,400 active-duty military personnel and another 4,500 military family dependents, civilian employees and contractors, contributing significantly to the regional economy and accounts for 13 percent of employment in Cascade County and contributes $350 million annually to the area’s economy.

The city of Great Falls, platted in 1883 and incorporated in 1888 serves as the county seat and the civic and commerce center of the area. Great Falls, one of the larger cities in Montana, has a population of 59,178 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2018). The local area contains significant amounts of residential, commercial, industrial, and recreational development that provide housing, employment, services, and recreational opportunities. The majority of the land surrounding the Base is agricultural, except for the residential, commercial, and light industrial areas of Great Falls adjacent to the Base’s western boundary.

2.1.5 Local and Regional Natural Areas

In the vicinity of the Base and deployment area lie numerous forests, lakes, rivers, and streams. Nearby federal lands include national parks, national forests, wilderness areas, and national wildlife refuges and Indian reservations (Figure 5). Yellowstone National Park, approximately 225 miles (362 km) south of the Base, is the largest and oldest national park. It offers spectacular natural features such as geysers, canyons, and a variety of wildlife species. Glacier National Park, approximately 141 miles (227 km) to the northwest, is dominated by mountains and forests and includes about 50 small glaciers and 200 lakes.

The Lewis and Clark National Forest, Jefferson Division is located 40 miles (64 km) to the east and southeast of Malmstrom AFB. The six mountain ranges, which include the Little Belt Mountains and the Highwood Mountains, appear as islands of forest dotting expanses of wheat and ranch lands.

The Lewis and Clark National Forest, Rocky Mountain Division, west of Great Falls, includes the Rocky Mountains. The Helena National Forest lies 60 (97 km) miles south-Southwest of the Base. The Flathead National Forest adjoins Glacier National Park. Nearby wilderness areas include the Bob Marshall Wilderness Area, 75 miles (121 km) west of the Base; the Scapegoat Wilderness Area, 66 miles (106 km) west-southwest; and the Gates of the Mountain Wilderness Area, 50 miles (80 km) to the southwest.

Freezeout Lake Wildlife Management Area, located 40 miles (64 km) northwest of the Base, is home to shore birds and waterfowl including, tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus), and tens of thousands of Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens) at certain times of the year. The Sun River Game Preserve, 70 miles (113 km) west, is home to the largest herd of Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep (Ovis Canadensis) in Montana.

Relatively undisturbed state protected wildlife habitats are within five miles (8 km) of Malmstrom AFB, located to the north, along the Missouri River. Giant Springs State Park includes Giant Springs, one of the largest freshwater springs in the world, which flows into the Missouri River one mile northwest (1.6 km) of the Base. Giant Springs State Park also supports a state fish hatchery. Other nearby state parks include Sluice Boxes State Park and Smith River State Park, which includes the remote Smith River Canyon.

Figure 5. Local and Regional Natural Areas near Malmstrom AFB in Montana.

2.2 Physical Environment

2.2.1 Climate

The climate of the area is characteristic of a semi-arid continental climate, moderated by the presence of the Rocky Mountains to the west and the Big and Little Belt Ranges to the south. Summertime in the area is generally pleasant, with cool nights, warm sunny days, and very little hot, humid weather. Winters are milder than would be expected of a location at this latitude, largely because of the frequent occurrence of warm downslope winds (Chinooks) that can produce temperature changes of 40 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) or more in 24 hours. July is generally the warmest month, with a mean high temperature of 86.8°F (30.44 degrees Celsius [°C]; NWS, 2018). January is usually the coldest month, with a mean low temperature of 16.7°F (-8.5°C; NWS, 2018). Long-term record temperatures range from a high near 106°F (41°C) to a low of -31°F (-35°C; WRCC, 2018). The growing season averages 135 days (Bair, 1992).

Humidity and precipitation are usually low, with associated large fluctuations in daily and seasonal temperatures. During the period 1996-2008, average annual precipitation reported for Great Falls International Airport is 1.2 inches (33.5 centimeters [cm]; NWS, 2018). Precipitation during the late fall, winter, and early spring generally falls in the form of snow. The Chinook winds prevent large accumulations of snow. The prevailing winds are from the southwest and are generally moderate. While peak wind speeds can exceed 60 miles per hour (26.8 meters/second [m/s]) the average daily wind speed reported was 11.4 miles per hour (5 m/s; WRCC 2018). Although, based on average annual precipitation, the area would normally be classified as semi-arid, about 70 percent of the annual rainfall typically occurs during the April to September growing season. This factor, combined with favorable temperatures and abundant sunshine during the growing season, makes the climate suitable for dryland farming.

The climate of the area is characteristic of a semi-arid continental climate, as moderated by the presence of the Rocky Mountains to the west and the Big and Little Belt Ranges to the south. Summertime in the area is generally pleasant, with cool nights, warm sunny days, and very little hot, humid weather. Winters are milder than would be expected of a continental location at this latitude, largely because of the frequent occurrence of warm downslope winds (Chinooks) that can produce temperature changes of 40 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) or more in 24 hours. July is generally the warmest month, with a mean high temperature of 86.8°F (30.44 degrees Celsius [°C]; NWS, 2018). January is usually the coldest month, with a mean low temperature of 16.7°F (-8.5°C; NWS, 2018). Long-term record temperatures range from a high near 106°F (41°C) to a low of -31°F (-35°C; WRCC, 2018). The growing season averages 135 days (Bair, 1992).

Humidity and precipitation are usually low, with associated large fluctuations in daily and seasonal temperatures. During the period 1996-2008, average annual precipitation reported for Great Falls International Airport is 1.2 inches (33.5 centimeters [cm]; NWS, 2018). Precipitation during the late fall, winter, and early spring generally falls in the form of snow. The Chinook winds prevent large accumulations of snow. The prevailing winds are from the southwest and are generally moderate. While peak wind speeds can exceed 60 miles per hour (26.8 meters/second [m/s]) the average daily wind speed reported was 11.4 miles per hour (5 m/s; WRCC 2018).