Attachment 08 - Seed Project Facilities Criteria_1 Aug 20.pdf

FC 4-218-01F

28 OCTOBER 2015

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FACILITIES CRITERIA (FC)

AIR FORCE

CRITERIA FOR

PRECISION MEASUREMENT

EQUIPMENT LABORATORY

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

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FACILITIES CRITERIA (FC)

AIR FORCE CRITERA FOR

PRECISION MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT

LABORATORY DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

Any copyrighted material included in this FC is identified at its point of use.

Use of the copyrighted material apart from this FC must have the permission of the copyright holder.

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER CENTER (Preparing Activity)

Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/)

Change No. Date Location

This FC supersedes FC 4-218-01F, Air Force Criteria for Precision Measurement Equipment Laboratory Design and Construction, dated 28 October 2015.

1 Jun-2020 Table 1-1b. Variance is defined in integer values of degrees C rather than in degrees F.

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FOREWORD

Facilities Criteria (FC) provide functional requirements (i.e., defined by users and operational needs of a particular facility type) for specific DoD Component(s), and are intended for use with unified technical requirements published in DoD Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC). FC are applicable only to the DoD Component(s) indicated in the title, and do not represent unified DoD requirements. Differences in functional requirements between DoD Components may exist due to differences in policies and operational needs.

All construction outside of the United States is also governed by Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction (HNFC) agreements, and in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA.) Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the most stringent of the FC, the SOFA, the HNFC agreement, and the BIA, as applicable.

Because FC are coordinated with unified DoD technical requirements, they form an element of the DoD UFC system applicable to specific facility types. The UFC system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applicable to the Military Departments, Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities. The UFC System also includes technical requirements and functional requirements for specific facility types, both published as UFC documents and FC documents.

FC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing criteria for military construction.

Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQ USACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and the Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies should contact the preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content is the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group. Recommended changes with supporting rationale should be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following electronic form: Criteria Change Request.

FC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following source:

• Whole Building Design Guide web site http://dod.wbdg.org/.

Refer to UFC 1-200-01, General Building Requirements, for implementation of new issuances on projects.

AUTHORIZED BY:

RANDY E. BROWN, SES

Director Air Force Civil Engineer Center http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/browse_cat.php?o=29&c=4 http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/browse_cat.php?o=29&c=4 http://dod.wbdg.org/

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FACILITIES CRITERIA (FC)

REVISION SUMMARY SHEET

Document: FC 4-218-01F, Air Force Criteria for Precision Measurement Equipment Laboratory Design and Construction.

Superseding: Facilities Criteria (FC) 4-218-01F, Air Force Criteria for Precision Measurement Equipment Laboratory Design and Construction..

Description: This FC prescribes Air Force criteria for design and construction of new Precision Measurement Equipment Laboratories (PMELs) and updates to existing facilities on Air Force installations. It incorporates the provisions of Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 3-410-01, Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Systems, and UFC 3-401-01, Mechanical Engineering.

Reasons for Document:

• Incorporates Criteria Change Request (CCR) 7691.

• Provides a design guide for Architect and Engineering firms, design agencies, planners, and Air Force organizations for the design of PMEL facilities.

• Updates existing criteria to reflect new and revised industry standards.

Impact:

• Improves energy efficiency.

• Ensures that PMEL environmental systems provide temperature and humidity conditions that will enable performance of traceable measurements for Test, Measurement, and Diagnostic Equipment (TMDE).

Unification Issues:

• Design criteria for Air Force PMEL facilities are specific to accommodate Air

Force-unique organizational and operational considerations.

Disclaimer:

• Use of the name or mark of any specific manufacturer, commercial product, commodity, or service in this publication does not imply endorsement by the Air Force.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1-1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

1-2 REQUIREMENTS

1-3 APPLICABILITY

1-4 USERS OF THIS DOCUMENT

1-4.1 Architects and Engineers

1-4.2 Planning Personnel

1-4.3 Additional Users

1-5 RESPONSIBILITIES

1-5.1 Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC)

1-5.2 Air Force Metrology and Calibration (AFMETCAL)

1-5.3 Base Civil Engineer (BCE)

1-6 SCOPE OF FACILITY

1-7 REFERENCES

1-8 GLOSSARY

1-9 PROGRAM AREAS

1-9.1 Administrative Support, Calibration and Repair, and Support Area

CHAPTER 2 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

2-1 DESIGN APPROACH

2-1.1 Structural, Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing Requirements

2-1.2 The Commissioning Process and Verification of Operation

2-1.3 Environmentally Safe Materials and Indoor Air Quality

2-2 SPACE REQUIREMENTS

2-3 FUNCTIONAL LAYOUT

2-3.1 Functional Layouts for Overall Building

2-3.2 Alterations to Existing Facilities

2-3.3 Other Considerations

2-3.4 Location of Rooms, Spaces, and Equipment

CHAPTER 3 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA

3-1 GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

3-2 STRUCTURE

3-2.1 Foundation

3-2.2 Vibration

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3-2.2.1 Expansion and Isolating Joints

3-2.2.2 Vibration Equipment Location

3-2.2.3 Specialized Shock Mounts

3-2.2.4 Steel Spring Type Isolators

3-2.2.5 Flexible Boots

3-2.2.6 Rigid Conduit Contact

3-2.2.7 Flexible Neoprene-Jacketed Conduits

3-2.2.8 Air Bearings and Isolators

3-2.3 Structural Elements in the Superstructure

3-3 EXTERIOR DESIGN

3-3.1 Exterior Finishes

3-3.2 Entrances/Exits

3-3.2.1 Covered Equipment Entry

3-3.2.2 Service Entrance (Oversized Equipment Entry)

3-3.3 Exterior Walls and Mold

3-3.4 Doors and Windows

3-3.5 Exterior Signage

3-3.6 Utility Rooms

3-4 INTERIOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

3-4.1 Interior Wall and Ceiling Construction

3-4.1.1 Vapor Barriers for Walls and Ceilings

3-4.1.2 Air Barrier Systems for Walls and Ceilings

3-4.2 Clean Construction Protocol

3-4.3 Interior Finishes

3-4.4 Counters and Cabinets

3-4.5 Non-conductive Floor Covering

3-5 SITE DESIGN AND ORGANIZATION

3-5.1 Landscaping

3-5.2 Parking and Access Drives

3-5.3 General Site Lighting

3-5.4 Service Drive

3-6 ANTITERRORISM

3-7 SERVICES

3-7.1 Plumbing

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3-7.2 Fire Protection

3-7.3 Lighting

3-7.3.1 Illuminance

3-7.3.2 Emergency Lighting

3-7.3.3 Hazardous (Classified) Area Lighting

3-7.4 Electrical

3-7.4.1 Voltage Regulation

3-7.4.2 Types of Electrical Power

3-7.4.3 Tagging and Labeling

3-7.4.4 Wiring Installation

3-7.4.5 Grounding

3-7.4.6 Electromagnetic Interference/Radio Frequency Interference

(EMI/RFI)

3-7.4.7 Internal Electromagnetic Interference (EMI/RFI) Control

3-7.4.8 Electrical Outlets and Cabling

3-7.4.9 Emergency Electrical Power Disconnects

3-7.4.10 Electrical Receptacles

3-7.4.11 Main Power Panels or Services

3-7.4.12 Backup Power

3-7.4.13 Electrical Utility Room

3-7.4.14 Antenna Ports

3-7.5 Communications and Data

3-7.6 Alarm System

3-7.7 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)

3-7.7.1 HVAC Design Criteria

3-7.7.2 HVAC Systems Required

3-7.8 HVAC Design Considerations

3-7.8.1 Equipment Heat Gain

3-7.8.2 Design Analysis

3-7.8.3 Ventilation Air

3-7.8.4 Ventilation Filtering

3-7.8.5 HVAC Zone Design

3-7.8.6 Air Distribution

3-7.8.7 HVAC System Response

3-7.8.8 Air Locks for Calibration and Repair (C/R) Area

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3-7.8.9 Modular Environmental Enclosure Considerations

3-7.9 HVAC Equipment Selection

3-7.9.1 Maintainability

3-7.9.2 Moisture Carryover

3-7.9.3 Cooling Coil Characteristics and Performance Requirements

3-7.9.4 Dehumidification and Energy Consumption

3-7.9.5 Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS)

3-7.9.6 Ducted Return Air System

3-7.9.7 Piping Insulation

3-7.9.8 Maintenance Access

3-7.9.9 Equipment Compliance with Design

3-7.9.10 Chilled Water Equipment Selection

3-7.9.11 Recording Devices, Monitoring and Alarms

3-7.9.12 Accuracy of Recording Devices

3-7.9.13 Room Filtration

3-7.10 Compressed Air and Nitrogen Systems

3-7.10.1 Compressed Air and Nitrogen Supply

3-7.10.2 Compressed Air Quality

3-7.10.3 Dry Nitrogen

3-8 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

CHAPTER 4 SPECIFIC DESIGN CRITERIA

4-1 PMEL FUNCTIONAL AREA DESIGN CRITERIA

APPENDIX B GLOSSARY

FIGURES

Figure 2-1 Overall Building Functional Layout Figure 2-2 Calibration and Repair Area Functional Layout Figure 2-3 Support Area Functional Layout Figure 2-4 Administrative Area Functional Layout

TABLES

Table 1-1 Functional Program Areas Table 3-1 Power Requirements for PMEL Facilities Testing Table 3-2 Modular Environmental Enclosure Design Considerations

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Table 4-1 Administrative Offices Table 4-2 Conference Room/Training Room Table 4-3 Shipping, Receiving, and Equipment Storage Table 4-4 68 Degree Room Table 4-5 Calibration and Repair (C/R) Area Table 4-6 Temperature/Humidity Sensitive Area Table 4-7 Liquid Flow Calibration Area Table 4-8 Equipment Cleaning Room Table 4-9 Copy/Work/Break Room Table 4-10 Public Toilets/Janitor’s Closet Table 4-11 Night Vision Area Table 4-12 Force and Pressure Measurement Area Table 4-13 Technical Library

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1-1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE.

This FC provides guidelines for evaluating, planning, programming, and designing PMEL Facilities. Alteration and renovation projects should update existing facilities to meet the guidance and criteria within budgetary constraints. This FC is not intended as a substitution for thorough review by individual Program Managers and Operations Staff in the appropriate agency. This FC is a guide for site selection and design of a new metrology laboratory or for modification of an existing facility. This FC outlines standards for design and construction of Type II and Type III PMELs.

1-2 REQUIREMENTS.

Requirements which directly affect the accuracy and integrity of the measurements made and are unique to a calibration laboratory are addressed. Criteria in this FC must not be used as sole justification for a new facility or to improve an existing facility if the facility’s condition does not adversely affect the environmental requirements enabling performance of traceable measurements.

1-3 APPLICABILITY.

The information in this FC applies to the design of all new construction projects, to include additions, alterations, and renovation projects in the continental United States (CONUS) and outside the continental United States (OCONUS).

1-4 USERS OF THIS DOCUMENT.

This FC is intended to be a source of basic architectural and engineering information for all individuals involved in the planning, design, and evaluation of PMEL facilities.

1-4.1 Architects and Engineers.

Architects and engineers (A/Es) who provide design services for PMEL facility construction or renovation will be under the direction of the AFCEC Facility Engineering Directorate.

1-4.2 Planning Personnel.

Planning personnel will use this FC along with other documents for programming new or replacement facilities, pre-design planning, or assessing the extent of improvements required in an existing or new PMEL in order to achieve the standard established herein.

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1-4.3 Additional Users.

Additional users include:

• Headquarters staff, Air Force Installation and Mission Support Center (AFIMSC) detachments, and Primary Subordinate Units (PSUs).

• Major command staff/regions.

• Installation commanders.

• Installation facilities management.

• Installation technical proponents.

• Program directors.

• Facility/program operations staff.

1-5 RESPONSIBILITIES.

1-5.1 Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC).

AFCEC establishes standards and criteria for Air Force PMEL design and construction and provides technical assistance to the design agents and base PMEL managers.

1-5.2 Air Force Metrology and Calibration (AFMETCAL).

AFMETCAL manages the Air Force Metrology and Calibration program.

1-5.3 Base Civil Engineer (BCE).

Ensures this FC is referenced in all PMEL project design documents, and reviews A/E Design Documents to ensure compliance. Hosts preplanning workshops prior to the development of programming documentation for new construction or upgrades.

1-6 SCOPE OF FACILITY.

The PMEL Facility is composed of the Administrative Area, the Calibration and Repair (C/R) Area and the Support Areas. The scope may vary depending on the location and mission requirements. All of the program areas are described in greater detail in Chapters 2 and 4. These criteria apply to Type II and Type III PMELs.

1-7 REFERENCES.

Appendix A contains a list of references used in this document. If the publication date of the code or standard is not included, use the latest available issuance of the reference.

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1-8 GLOSSARY.

Refer to Appendixes B and C for definitions of acronyms, abbreviations, and terms.

1-9 PROGRAM AREAS.

1-9.1 Administrative Support, Calibration and Repair, and Support Area.

Tables 1-1a through 1-1d list the core and optional functional program areas for PMEL facilities. These functional program areas are administrative support, calibration and repair, support and special requirements. These are traditional for a typical PMEL, and core areas may be adjusted to accommodate mission requirements. The administrative support area includes equipment check-in, a service entrance, technical library, conference room, break room, and offices. The C/R area includes force and pressure measurement, equipment storage, azimuth reference, a temperature/humidity-sensitive area, a night vision area, and shield room, if survey indicates a need. The support area includes an equipment cleaning room, shipping and receiving, a liquid flow calibration area, and covered equipment area. A 68 degree room, if required, is a separate modular control module.

Table 1-1a. Functional Program Areas Program Area Description

Administrative Support Area Equipment check-in and check-out, vestibule, and lobby

Minimal entry space in front of control and/or vestibule.

Usually combined with the waiting and equipment check-in and pickup. Include a customer service counter to separate the customer from the equipment storage and processing areas. Provide a waiting area with seating and computerized check-in as required for customers.

Service entrance Service entrance (with canopy) for oversized equipment entry with sealed double doors between the calibration and repair area and the building exterior. Fully enclose the canopy to create an insulated entryway in extreme climates.

Conference room, classroom & training room

Conference room for meetings, planning, and classroom for training personnel.

Break room, copier, and work layout Break area, copier, and layout space. Food and beverages.

May have refrigerator and self-serve (vending). Include copy machine with electrical outlets and work table for drawings and paperwork and small storage area.

Restrooms/janitor supply room Restrooms for PMEL staff/visitors and janitor supply room with supplies.

Technical library Library containing technical orders (TOs), equipment descriptions, maintenance manuals, and Air Force manuals and instructions.

Offices Flight Chief/Site Manager’s office Private office.

Laboratory Chief’s office Private office Administrative offices Offices for administrative staff.

Quality Assurance Supervisor office Private office

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Table 1-1b. Functional Program Areas Program Area Description

Calibration and Repair (C/R) C/R area This area is maintained under a positive pressure at specified temperature and humidity levels. Various functions occur within this area; some require specific areas or rooms. The C/R area includes: the shield room, technical library, force and pressure measurement, equipment storage, azimuth reference, and a 68 degree room, if required. A positive static pressure as compared to surrounding areas is required to prevent infiltration of dust-laden air. Excess ventilation air for pressurization and a continuous air barrier system to control infiltration and exfiltration in buildings to maintain air tightness is required.

Air locks are required for entry into the C/R area. Locate the C/R area adjacent to other conditioned areas.

Temperature/humidity sensitive area This is a special temperature/humidity sensitive controlled area for PMELs that do not have a requirement for a 68 degree room. The temperature and humidity requirements for this area are \1\ 73 ± 1.8 °F (22.8 ± 1°C) and a relative humidity of 35, +10/-15%. The temperature may not vary more than 1°F (0.5°C) in any one-hour period during normal system operation. Maximum temperature gradient across the room is 1.8°F (1°C). /1/

Force and pressure measurement area

Safety screens or shields may be required in the immediate vicinity of force and pressure calibration equipment to protect operators and other laboratory personnel from flying projectiles, high pressure gas, or fluids.

Night vision area Night vision calibration area for testing under controlled conditions of lighting, temperature, and humidity. Calibration of the night vision ANV-126 test set should be done in a room with ambient lighting levels of less than 0.1 foot candle (1.08 lux) in the general area of the test set. The ANV-20/20 low light level calibration requires total darkness during the adjustment procedures for night vision test set calibration.

Shield room Usually constructed of copper screening to minimize effects of excessive electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radio frequency interference (RFI), a shield room typically is not required unless EMI/RFI survey results indicate a need.

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Table 1-1b. Functional Program Areas (Continued) Program Area Description

Calibration and Repair (continued) Azimuth reference If an external azimuth reference line is required, the line can range in length up to one mile terminating at a target mount, depending on location. However, only a few selected PMELs are designated as azimuth verification facilities. The primary azimuth references are established within the facility by an optical target collimator located on an isolated pier. The directions of the external line and the normals to the collimator are determined by observing Polaris (the North Star) from outside the facility. Transfer of direction from Polaris and/or the line to the optical reference is accomplished using a precision theodolite. The PMEL verification facility is an environmentally-controlled facility.

Facilities must be located to permit laying out unobstructed lines of sight to the target monument, ranging 45 degrees either side of astronomic north, and in an area relatively free from vibrational disturbances such as heavy local traffic. The test area in the PMEL must provide a steady state internal environment with regard to temperature and air movement. Since total darkness is necessary to conduct azimuth reference surveys, ensure appropriate lighting design is provided. Stable piers are provided for the optical reference collimator and temperature is maintained at 73 ± 6 °F (22.8 ± 3.3 °C) throughout the year.

Liquid flow calibration area A specially-equipped, isolated area required in PMELs to perform liquid flow meter calibration using propylene glycol as primary test fluid. The enclosure housing a liquid flow calibration area must be constructed of non-combustible or fire resistive materials as defined by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). This generally refers to masonry, reinforced concrete, or protected steel construction. The facility also must be equipped with a minimum of two exits, separated to preclude both being cut off in the event of a localized fire. Ensure that doors swing out in the direction of egress per NFPA 101, Life Safety Code and NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals. Outward-swing exit doors are required where chemicals are used for testing. Floor space is determined by considering the type and number of flow calibrators needed for the mission. Double doors are required to facilitate installation of flow calibrator units. The liquid flow room is located outside the calibration and repair area.

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Table 1-1c. Functional Program Areas Program Area Description

Special Requirements 68 degree room (modular control module)

This is a special temperature controlled area in some PMELs where a 68 degree room is required to maintain a closely-controlled environmental area for calibration and use of higher-accuracy dimensional TMDE. These conditions can be maintained using an off-the-shelf, self-contained, environ-mental control module, as an option. The environmental control system must maintain 68 ± 1 °F (20° ± 0.5 °C) and an optimum relative humidity of 35, +10/-15%. The temperature may not change more than 1 °F (0.5 °C) in any one hour period during normal system operation.

Table 1-1d. Functional Program Areas Program Area Description

Support Area

Equipment cleaning room A specially-equipped and isolated area is required for cleaning and washing mechanical, electrical, and electronic equipment. The TMDE cleaning room is separate from the C/R area, and supplied with utilities for cleaning parts.

Requirements for the area are determined by the types of equipment to be serviced. Each cleaning unit requires a minimum 15 ft2 (1.4 m2) additional floor space. A stainless steel sink and drain board with hot and cold water and exhaust hood is required. Provide an equipment canopy-type exhaust hood with a wall-mounted manual timer, with capability of variable operation up to 2 hours (i.e., twist type or similar occupant-controlled timer). Where a canopy-type hood would pull fumes into the breathing zone, consider installing a bench-style slot-type hood to pull fumes away from the breathing zone. The drying oven for standard cleaning rooms requires 212 cfm (6 m3/min) for the purge blower intake and exhaust. Provide a vacuum port in the equipment cleaning room.

Shipping and receiving A shipping and receiving area is required to facilitate loading and unloading of customer equipment for shipment and for short term storage. Install gasket-type stops, astragals, and automatic door bottoms on air lock doors located closest to the C/R area. Seal joints between doors and frames with gaskets.

Covered equipment area Provide a protected entrance for unloading equipment: either a double-entry door with a drive-through canopy; or a service entry with a roll-up door large enough to allow a small truck or van to back into the unloading area. Quantity and size of equipment handled and weather conditions should determine which entry is appropriate. Consider a covered entry for extreme or cold weather.

FC 4-218-01

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CHAPTER 2 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

2-1 DESIGN APPROACH.

The design criterion in this section simplifies construction or renovation to a wide variety of PMELs, including the basic requirements which apply to any PMEL. All Air Force construction projects, regardless of scope, shall comply with A7C Policy Memorandum, “Air Force Sustainable Design and Development (SDD) Implementing Guidance.”

2-1.1 Structural, Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing Requirements.

Using the internal and site layouts, locate interfaces between the facility structure and equipment items. Verify the design contains openings, conduit, and raceways to install cables, equipment, and piping with minimum disruption to finished work. During the pre-design stages of the project, the PMEL supervisor must provide the design agent with technical data for any equipment which requires special connections.

2-1.2 The Commissioning Process and Verification of Operation.

The commissioning process ensures that a facility and its components will perform as designed and intended. Optimally, the commissioning process starts during planning and programming prior to design. It continues during design with review of design information, performance data in specifications, and evaluation of submissions. During construction, the commissioning process includes checklists, scheduling of tests, testing and verification, and documentation. Commissioning includes witnessing field tests, adherence to specified performance criteria. Commissioning of building systems is critical to ensuring their expected operation. Commissioning of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems must be provided by certified commissioning agents as required by UFC 1-200-02, High Performance and Sustainable Building Requirements, and construction documents must follow Unified Facilities Guide Specification (UFGS) 01 91 00.00 40, Commissioning, and UFGS 23 08 00.00 10, Commissioning of HVAC Systems. Performance testing must be conducted during both peak seasons to ensure compliance with functional and performance requirements as described for each space.

Certified commissioning agents will have in-depth knowledge of commissioning processes and technical expertise on projects of similar scope, size, and complexity.

2-1.3 Environmentally Safe Materials and Indoor Air Quality.

Ensure that mission and user requirements, as well as occupant health and safety are considered during design, construction and operations for material selection and environmental systems. Hazardous materials used in the laboratory must be considered in the design. The user will provide the design agent a list of hazardous materials, including quantity, use, and location in the laboratory. Refer to UFC 1-200-02.

2-2 SPACE REQUIREMENTS.

The space requirements for PMEL office spaces and functional area rooms are found in Air Force Manual (AFMAN) 32-1084, Facility Requirements. The space requirements

Change 1, 1 August 2020 are based on the typical PMEL. The size of the PMEL varies depending on the inventory and type of facility (Type II or Type III).

2-3 FUNCTIONAL LAYOUT.

2-3.1 Functional Layouts for Overall Building.

Figures 2-1 through 2-4 show the functional layouts for the overall building, and the C/R, support, and administrative areas.

Figure 2-1 Overall Building Functional Layout

Figure 2-2 Calibration and Repair Area Functional Layout

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Figure 2-3 Support Area Functional Layout

Figure 2-4 Administrative Area Functional Layout

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2-3.2 Alterations to Existing Facilities.

Figures 2-1 through 2-4 illustrate acceptable layouts for the overall building. These layouts may have to be modified to accommodate alterations to existing structures.

However, proposed modifications must be sent to AFMETCAL for approval. Existing buildings being considered for modification should be assessed as to whether they can support all the core and optional spaces and dimensional requirements.

2-3.3 Other Considerations.

Consider the site of the existing facility and its limitations with regard to the PMEL requirements. Only permanent facilities should be considered for conversion to a PMEL facility. Ensure that existing buildings can accommodate the environmental temperature requirements of a PMEL facility.

Quantities of workload, physical size of workload, proposed workload, or expansion of workload are the primary factors in determining the design of PMEL support areas.

From quantities of equipment that will be received, processed, and stored daily, initial floor space requirements can be estimated. Human engineering and the integration of other PMEL operations must be considered to determine location and layout of the support areas. Equipment storage areas must be isolated from visitors for security and to prevent unauthorized movement of equipment.

2-3.4 Location of Rooms, Spaces, and Equipment

Locate rooms, spaces, and equipment to ensure orderly workflow, and provide security and property management. Incompatible areas should not be in close proximity; e.g., equipment that vibrates should not be near the C/R area when vibration may affect measurements. Moisture-generating areas such as restrooms and break rooms should not be near the C/R area. Limit outside walls in the C/R area as much as possible.

North and east exposures are preferred. Ensure traffic from movement of equipment, technicians, and customers are isolated from the C/R area. Where possible, design doors and air locks to allow movement of large PMEL equipment and appropriate material handling equipment within the facility. Whenever practical, locate the C/R area adjacent to other environmentally-conditioned areas.

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CHAPTER 3 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA

3-1 GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS.

Comply with UFC 1-200-01, General Building Requirements. UFC 1-200-01 provides guidance on applicability of model building codes, government-unique criteria for typical design disciplines and building systems, and guidance regarding accessibility, antiterrorism, security, high performance sustainability requirements, and safety. Use this FC in addition to UFC 1-200-01 and the UFCs and government criteria referenced therein. This chapter provides general criteria only and consists mainly of references to the technical design criteria documents and general considerations. Chapter 4 provides the specific design requirements for PMEL facilities.

3-2 STRUCTURE.

3-2.1 Foundation.

The foundation is site specific and must be designed upon known geotechnical considerations, by an engineer knowledgeable of the local conditions. Facilities must be located to permit laying out unobstructed lines of sight to the target monument, ranging from 45 degrees either side of astronomic north, which is specific to PMELs with Azimuth Reference only. Refer to UFC 3-101-01, Architecture, for additional guidance.

3-2.2 Vibration.

The PMEL facility site must be isolated from sources of vibration such as railroads, local heavy vehicle or aircraft traffic, crane or machine operations, foot traffic, or similar disturbances. An infrequently used option is constructing the facility below ground level.

An acceptable vibration level for a PMEL is anything less than 10 μin (0.25 μm) displacement peak for frequencies from 0.1 to 30 Hz. The maximum acceleration peak is 0.001 g for frequencies from 30 to 200 Hz. To minimize vibration, apply the guidance in paragraphs 3-2.2.1 through 3-2.2.8.

3-2.2.1 Expansion and Isolating Joints.

Use expansion/isolation joints in the concrete floor on the outside toe of the walls defining the conditioned area to isolate the thermal mass of the floor and reduce vibration transmission. Use vibration isolating joints in the utility room where walls and floor adjoin the main structure.

3-2.2.2 Vibration Equipment Location.

Locate vibration-generating equipment such as blowers, compressors, heating and air conditioning units, vacuum pumps, and transformers on separate, isolated utility pads.

Equipment that vibrates should not be located near the C/R area.

3-2.2.3 Specialized Shock Mounts.

Use specialized shock mounts, air bag supports, or isolated massive blocks.

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3-2.2.4 Steel Spring Type Isolators.

Mount air conditioning equipment (condenser/compressor or fan coil units) to the structure using steel spring type isolators which limit vibration transmission to 0.001 g or less.

3-2.2.5 Flexible Boots.

Use flexible boots or connectors to reduce vibration transmission through ductwork, piping, and rigid tubing.

3-2.2.6 Rigid Conduit Contact.

Do not allow rigid conduit such as feeders, subfeeders, and their supports to contact other non-supporting objects.

3-2.2.7 Flexible Neoprene-Jacketed Conduits.

Use flexible neoprene-jacketed conduits for connections to vibration producing equipment. Install flexible bonding ground straps to ensure continuity of the ground.

3-2.2.8 Air Bearings and Isolators.

Use vibration isolators or air bearings mounted on workbenches and surface plates where extensive isolation techniques cannot be used. This will reduce vibration transmitted to sensitive instrumentation in contact with these surfaces.

3-2.3 Structural Elements in the Superstructure.

Use masonry walls, metal studs, steel joists, steel columns, and steel beams in the superstructure. Where possible, locate specially conditioned areas within the structure so the walls are interior partitions. The building must be single-story, ground floor, and concrete slab construction; exterior doors must not face prevailing winds. Ensure proper floor load bearing design to account for ancillary equipment. Interior partitions must extend above the vapor barrier of the ceiling.

3-3 EXTERIOR DESIGN.

In general, the building’s image, theme, and fixtures must be consistent with the functions offered. The building design should reflect the local geographical and cultural environment and comply with the appropriate Service and Installation architectural standards.

3-3.1 Exterior Finishes.

The exterior color, texture, and design should be consistent with the programs offered and the local environment in accordance with Installation standards. They should also be appropriate for the building type.

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3-3.2 Entrances/Exits.

The main facility entrance to the lobby should serve as a welcome and transition point;

elements such as a covered entry are very desirable. In cold climates, provide a canopy (or a recess) at required egress doors to ensure that doors can open completely without obstruction from snow and ice. The number and location of exits must comply with UFC 3-600-01, Fire Protection Engineering for Facilities, to preclude being cut off in the event of a localized fire.

3-3.2.1 Covered Equipment Entry.

Provide a protected entrance for unloading equipment: either a double-entry door with a drive through canopy; or a service entry with a roll-up door large enough to allow a small truck or van to back into the unloading area. Quantity and size of equipment handled and weather conditions should determine which entry is appropriate.

3-3.2.2 Service Entrance (Oversized Equipment Entry).

Where oversized equipment cannot be moved through the air lock, provide a set of tightly-sealed double doors between the C/R area and the building exterior. Equip doors with low leakage seals to prevent exfiltration from pressurized C/R areas. Provide a canopy to shield equipment and the laboratory from precipitation when moving oversized equipment in and out. Fully enclose the canopy to create an insulated entryway in extreme climates.

3-3.3 Exterior Walls and Mold.

Comply with current industry standards, UFC 3-101-01, and UFC 3-410-01, Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Systems, during design to help prevent the development of mold in exterior walls.

3-3.4 Doors and Windows.

Provide windows to allow natural light into the facility, considering antiterrorism and energy conservation/sustainable design issues (reference paragraphs 2-1 and 3-6). All windows and unused doors or other openings shall be sealed to prevent non-conditioned air infiltration and dust contamination from outside. Design and arrange doors opening into the PMEL to maintain effective dust and temperature controls.

Minimize the number of doors for personnel passage consistent with fire and safety regulations.

3-3.5 Exterior Signage.

The main entrance should be equipped with a clearly visible sign that provides the program hours of operation. Ensure that signage complies with Installation requirements and UFC 3-120-01, Design: Sign Standards. Sign placement and type are site-specific, but signs must be strategically located, adequately lit, and of sufficient size to permit proper viewing by individuals approaching the facility.

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3-3.6 Utility Rooms.

Mechanical equipment is usually housed separately from major electrical equipment, which should be located in a dedicated electrical utility room. It is critical that equipment fits the space without crowding and allows adequate space for maintenance. Designers should plan on equipment utilizing a minimum of 15 percent of the total structure area.

Utility rooms must be structurally (seismically) separate from the rest of the PMEL building. Mechanical and electrical utility rooms must comply with UFC 3-401-01, Mechanical Engineering, UFC 3-501-01, Electrical Engineering, and UFC 3-520-01, Interior Electrical Systems.

3-4 INTERIOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

Interior walls should be Type I or Type II construction as outlined in the International Building Code® using noncombustible materials. Interior walls and ceiling should be insulated and have as much thermal mass on the controlled area side of the wall as possible. If the wall is stud construction, use two layers of 5/8-inch (16-millimeter) gypsum board on the C/R side, with batt insulation, air barrier, and 1/2-inch (13-millimeter) gypsum board on the outside. Tape and seal all gypsum board and seal the sill plate. Good workmanship is essential in finishing each joint and seam of the walls to minimize air infiltration and exfiltration. Refer to UFC 3-101-01 for additional guidance. Interior construction should be extremely durable. Use no hollow core wood doors. All interior glass must be tempered safety glass and mirrors must be made of break-resistant materials. Do not place exterior windows (except for optical windows, as required) in the C/R area; however, sealed glass viewing ports may be installed in calibration areas to permit viewing without entering. Pass-through windows are not permitted.

3-4.1 Interior Wall and Ceiling Construction.

3-4.1.1 Vapor Barriers for Walls and Ceilings.

Vapor barriers usually are placed on the warm side of a wall and ceiling. If the primary method of environmental control is cooling, or if heating and cooling are used about equally, place the vapor barrier away from (outside) the conditioned area. This will reduce the probability of moisture buildup, and result in fewer penetrations of the vapor barrier, since most power outlets will be facing into the conditioned area. Where heating is the primary method of environmental control, place the barrier toward the inside of the wall and the ceiling. On concrete masonry units, use foil-face rigid insulation on the outside of the wall. Fur out and finish the wall. Install a vapor barrier underneath new floor slabs. Seal all penetrations in walls, ceilings, and floors.

3-4.1.2 Air Barrier Systems for Walls and Ceilings.

Provide a continuous air barrier system to control air infiltration and exfiltration in environmentally-controlled areas. The purpose of the air barrier is to make the walls and ceiling airtight with materials having a low air permeance or resistance to air flow, to seal the joints and penetrations, and to control air pressure relationships within the building. An air barrier must be provided between spaces that have either significantly

Change 1, 1 August 2020 different temperature or humidity requirements. Provide excess ventilation air for pressurization and a continuous air barrier system to control infiltration and exfiltration to maintain air tightness. Avoid selecting materials that are too air-permeable, such as fiberboard, perlite board, and uncoated concrete block in air barrier systems.

3-4.2 Clean Construction Protocol.

Cleanliness within a PMEL facility is necessary to: (1) protect precise measurement surfaces from abrasive damage caused by dust particles; (2) prevent contamination of fluids, chemicals, and metals used during the calibration process; although cleanliness and particle filtration requirements for most PMELS are not as stringent as for clean rooms, incorporating clean construction protocol (CCP) in design and construction contracts is recommended.

3-4.3 Interior Finishes.

Finishes should take into account the intended uses, be appropriately durable, and be low maintenance. Finishes should have good acoustical, noise reducing characteristics.

All interior finishes must comply with UFC 3-600-01. Facility interior design must comply with Air Force corporate facilities standards, UFC 3-120-10, Interior Design, and Air Force interior design standards, as well as applicable installation or agency design standards and policies. Prepare surfaces to prevent, or at least reduce, dust accumulation. Clean concrete masonry thoroughly to remove dirt, fungus, grease, oil, glaze, loose particles, and scale. Fill voids to give a smooth surface without pits or holes. Repair joints, cracks, holes, and other surface defects in gypsum wallboard so the surface is flush and smooth. Where there are painted surfaces, use a smooth, non-chalking, mildew-resistant semi-gloss finish which will stand up to frequent cleaning.

Use light neutral tints, such as light blue or beige, to prevent eye fatigue, increase light reflectivity, and improve lighting efficiency.

3-4.4 Counters and Cabinets.

Counters, casework, and workbenches should be of high-quality and durable construction. Specify Architectural Woodwork Institute (AWI) Premium or Custom for finishes per AWI Architectural Woodwork Standards. Workbenches and surface plates mounted on vibration isolators or air bearings should be used in PMELs where extensive isolation techniques cannot be used. This will reduce vibration transmitted to sensitive instrumentation in contact with these surfaces.

3-4.5 Non-conductive Floor Covering.

Non-conductive floor covering has a minimum resistance of 1 x 109 ohms (1 giga-ohm).

Non-conductive flooring is required to protect personnel servicing equipment where voltages up to 3,000 volts may be present. [Note: Vinyl flooring is inherently non-conductive, provided conductive materials (such as carbon, graphite, etc.) have not been added to reduce the resistance to modify it as either conductive (2.5 x 104 to 1 x 106 ohms) or static-dissipative (1 x 106 to 1 x 109 ohms)]. Sheet vinyl is recommended because its smooth, continuous surface simplifies daily cleanup, Change 1, 1 August 2020 including chemical and mercury spills. Epoxy resin flooring is a suitable alternative, provided it is non-conductive.

3-5 SITE DESIGN AND ORGANIZATION.

The site design and all exterior features must comply with the antiterrorism standards in paragraph 3-6.

3-5.1 Landscaping.

Refer to UFC 3-201-02, Landscape Architecture, for landscaping requirements and any base or agency design standards.

3-5.2 Parking and Access Drives.

Provide adequate parking for both staff and patrons with the appropriate access drives.

Comply with UFC 3-201-02. Also refer to AFMAN 32-1084.

3-5.3 General Site Lighting.

Ensure that parking areas and the facility have adequate lighting for safety, evacuation, and security measures. Comply with UFC 3-530-01, Interior and Exterior Lighting Systems and Controls. Include parking and lighting requirements in final site plan.

3-5.4 Service Drive.

The size of required service vehicles should be verified by the designer prior to planning the service access areas. Provide a service vehicle apron and consolidate service access when possible.

3-6 ANTITERRORISM.

Refer to UFC 4-010-01, DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings, for antiterrorism requirements. Provide controlled access, including protection from unauthorized entry, and security for maintaining classified equipment and documents.

3-7 SERVICES.

3-7.1 Plumbing.

Design domestic hot and cold water, sanitary and storm drainage, propane, fuel oil, and natural gas systems to meet the requirements of UFC 3-420-01, Plumbing Systems, and local Installation standards.

3-7.2 Fire Protection.

Refer to UFC 3-600-01 for fire protection requirements. The PMEL facility must have a complete automatic sprinkler system and a fire alarm evacuation system conforming to

UFC 3-600-01.

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3-7.3 Lighting.

Provide lighting and control systems throughout the facility in accordance with UFC 3-530-01. Refer to Chapter 4 for specific lighting design criteria for each functional area.

3-7.3.1 Illuminance.

Facilities require a minimum uniform illumination, depending on the task requirement, calculated at the midlife of the tubes, as measured at bench level in the various areas.

Light shall be evenly distributed to minimize glare, spectral reflection, and radiant heat to the extent that measurements are nominally unaffected by any of these parameters.

Refer to TO 00-20-14, Technical Manual: Air Force Metrology and Calibration Program, for specific absolute minimum illumination levels in various PMEL rooms. The following areas should have a minimum 50 foot-candles (538 lux) design level: equipment storage, restrooms/toilets, janitor’s closet, bench stock, stairways, corridors, halls, airlocks, elevators, shipping docks, and utility/storage rooms. Other areas in the PMEL not listed above will have a minimum 100 foot-candles (1076 lux) design lighting level.

Additional general lighting shall be used for tasks that are difficult to perform within the ambient light level. Other areas must conform to UFC 3-530-01. Provide zone lighting by work area when required, and locate switches near the air lock entrances. Motion sensor lighting is prohibited in the C/R areas. Provide lighting controls per ASHRAE Standard 90.1, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, in areas not involved with the calibration process.

3-7.3.2 Emergency Lighting.

Provide emergency lighting in accordance with NFPA 101, Section 7.9. Evaluate the standard carefully, as its requirements may not include considerations for the unique layout and equipment configurations in a metrology facility. Installed emergency lights are recommended. Ensure emergency lights have a battery backup installed. If portable lights are mounted on the wall, locate an electrical receptacle near the light.

3-7.3.3 Hazardous (Classified) Area Lighting.

Class 1 Division 2 hazardous area light fixtures should be used in hazardous (classified) areas housing pressurized flammable liquids. Protect luminaries located above hazardous classified areas as required in NFPA 70, Article 501, Section 130, (B)(1) through (B)(3).

3-7.4 Electrical.

Provide electric service, distribution equipment, wiring receptacles, grounding, interior and exterior lighting, control, emergency lighting, telephone, communication systems, fire alarm, other health and safety alarms, and intrusion systems in accordance with NFPA 70, UFC 3-520-01, and the latest Installation design requirements. Service grounding system and all wiring methods must meet the current NFPA 70 requirements.

All service equipment must be Underwriters Laboratories (UL) listed. Alternately, published proof from an approved independent testing laboratory may be provided.

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3-7.4.1 Voltage Regulation.

Voltage drop of the building wiring system will not exceed 3% to any outlet. Provide outlets for technical testing with regulating equipment to maintain voltage within ±2 percent of the basic voltage, except 28 Vdc, which will be regulated to ±3%. Time constant (response time) of the voltage regulators should not exceed 0.3 seconds, and total harmonic distortion must not exceed 5%. Power conditioning and continuation interface equipment (PCCIE) must be supplied by the using agency.

3-7.4.2 Types of Electrical Power.

Normally, electric service will be provided at 480 Vac, 3-phase, 60 Hz. Table 3-1 lists possible PMEL power requirements for testing. This list does not include lighting and air conditioning requirements. Power demand varies depending on the workload of the individual PMEL. The PMEL superintendent will assist the Base Civil Engineer in determining power requirements and equipment heat loads, and identifying any special mission requirements. Design 400 Hz distribution systems to the requirements of UFC 3-555-01N, 400 Hertz Medium Voltage Conversion/Distribution and Low Voltage Utilization Systems (note: motor generator is not real property installed equipment

[RPIE]).

Table 3-1. Power Requirements for PMEL Facilities Testing

Nominal System Voltage Phase Frequency 277/480 1 & 3 50/60 ± 1 Hz 120/240 1 & 3 50/60 ± 1 Hz 120/208 1 & 3 50/60 ± 1 Hz

208 or 240 1 50/60 ± 1 Hz 120/240 1 & 3 400 ± 10 Hz 120/208 1 & 3 400 ± 10 Hz

28 DC N/A

220/240 1 & 3 50/60 ± 1 Hz

3-7.4.3 Tagging and Labeling.

Tag or label electrical power outlets, connectors, or receptacles with a technical description of the type or amplitude of a voltage source, the power rating, and phase or connection scheme, and indicate the breaker servicing them.

3-7.4.4 Wiring Installation.

Install electrical wiring in metal raceways, concealed but accessible, in attics, plenums, or utility housings. Install wiring for frequencies greater than 60 Hz in nonferrous raceways and label with the correct frequency. Extend utilities into the C/R area within utility chases concealed in walls and partitions. Do not use under-the-ceiling utility services. Direct overhead utility connections to workbenches and stations are permitted if the most feasible and economical and if the design minimizes dust collection. Use

Change 1, 1 August 2020 gaskets and seals to maintain room pressure and prevent dust infiltration where ducts, pipes, and conduit penetrate walls.

3-7.4.5 Grounding.

Install grounding in accordance with the National Electrical Code, and Air Force Instruction (AFI) 32-1065, Grounding Systems. The resistance to ground of the service ground must be 10 ohms or less.