Appendix A - Design Petroleum Fuel facilities.pdf

UFC 3-460-01

16 July 2019

Change 3, 08 June 2023

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

DESIGN: PETROLEUM FUEL

FACILITIES

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

DESIGN: PETROLEUM FUEL FACILITIES

Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use.

Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder.

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

\2\ NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING SYSTEMS COMMAND (Preparing Activity) /2/

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER CENTER

Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/)

Change No. Date Location 1 1 May 2020 Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, Appendix D. Main changes include removing AFFF use and clarified the criteria for Canopies.

2 12 January

Chapters 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 15, and 16. Main change is adding Chapter 16 Austere Fuel Facilities. Other changes include providing distances between tanks and photovoltaic arrays, allowing non-metallic material for external stairways, and allowing the use of positive displacement pumps for product recovery return. Other changes includes updating reference documents.

3 08 Jun 2023 Chapters 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, Appendix E, Restored paragraphs which were inadvertently deleted during Change 2 publication. Other changes includes updating reference documents.

This UFC supersedes UFC 3-460-01, dated 16 July 2019.

FOREWORD

The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD (AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DoD projects and work for other customers where appropriate. All construction outside of the United States is also governed by Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction Agreements (HNFA), and in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA.)

Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the most stringent of the UFC, the SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as applicable.

UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies should contact the preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of UFC is the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group. Recommended changes with supporting rationale should be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following electronic form: Criteria Change Request. The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed below.

UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following source:

• Whole Building Design Guide website https://dod.wbdg.org/.

Hard copies of UFC printed from electronic media should be checked against the current electronic version prior to use to ensure that they are current.

Refer to UFC 1-200-01, General Building Requirements, for implementation of new issuances on projects.

AUTHORIZED BY:

LARRY D. McCALLISTER, PhD, PE, PMP, SES

R. DAVID CURFMAN, P.E., SES

Chief Engineer

Chief, Engineering and Construction Naval Facilities Engineering Command U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

NANCY J. BALKUS, P.E., SES

Deputy Director of Civil Engineers DCS/Logistics, Engineering & Force Protection (HAF/A4C) HQ United States Air Force

MICHAEL McANDREW Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Facilities Management) Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Sustainment) http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/browse_cat.php?o=29&c=4 https://dod.wbdg.org/

Change 3, 08 June 2023

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

REVISION SUMMARY SHEET

Document: UFC 3-460-01, Design: Petroleum Fuel Facilities

Superseding: UFC 3-460-01, dated 16 July 2019, Change 2, dated 12 January 2022

Description: Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 3-460-01 contains general criteria and standard procedures for the design and construction of military land-based facilities which receive, store, distribute, or dispense liquid petroleum fuels. It is also applicable to liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) facilities.

These criteria are applicable to all branches of the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA).

Reasons for Document: This update to UFC 3-460-01 incorporates changes to the design requirements for fuel facilities. These changes are based on lessons learned from the previous guidelines, new technologies, updated requirements by the services for fuel handling and quality, new regulations, coordinate with unified facilities guide specifications (UFGS), and other reference documents. Incorporation of these changes will decrease the life-cycle costs by ensuring the integrity of the fueling systems during operations and decreasing maintenance requirements.

Impact: The changes to this UFC will impact the design and cost of fuel facilities.

However, the following benefits should be realized.

• Ensure that the fuel quality issued to the DoD aircraft, trucks, ships, and vehicles is such that no damage is realized to DoD assets.

• By ensuring that all fuel facilities will be standardized throughout the tri-services.

• Decrease the amount of maintenance and repair required on the fuel facility system.

• Exceptions for austere locations can be approved by Service Headquarters SME to avoid non-beneficial costs.

Unification Issues:

There are a few items that are either Navy, Air Force or Army specific. The list below summarizes these items, along with the justification for it to be Service Specific:

• The Navy requires the use of a fusible link butterfly valve at the inlet to truck fillstand and on supply and return risers at aircraft direct fueling stations. The Navy’s position for fusible link valves is primarily because JP-5, which is primarily used by the Navy, does not have the static dissipater additive (SDA), so it is more likely to spark during transport thru pipelines and equipment than any other fuel. (Refer to paragraph 2-

3.14.3). The fusible link will shut if there is a fire or other high-temperature event. Also, the Navy’s aircraft direct fueling stations are designed to hot refuel aircraft, so the fusible link will also protect the aircraft if there is a high-temperature event between the tank and the fusible link.

• The Air Force allows the use of internally coated filter-separators and piping from the filter-separators to the skin of the aircraft. Since it is Air Force policy to always filter the fuel at the skin of the aircraft, any paint and carbon particles in the fuel will be filtered before entering the aircraft.

The Navy does not filter at the skin of the aircraft, therefore the filter-separator must be either aluminum or stainless steel, and the piping from the filter-separator to the aircraft is to be stainless steel. In addition, for Navy systems, the return line is also to be stainless steel if there is any possibility for recirculating the fuel without going thru two filtrations.

• This UFC references Service-Specific documents, which the tri-service fuel community does not oversee. Also, each service has its own requirements for fuel quality and operations.

This Page Intentionally Left Blank i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1-1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

1-2 APPLICABILITY

1-3 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD) FUELS DISCIPLINE WORKING

GROUP (FDWG)

1-4 SERVICE HEADQUARTERS SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS (SME)

1-4.1 Service Provider Subject Matter Expert (SME)

1-4.2 Service Control Point (SCP)

1-5 WAIVERS AND EXEMPTIONS

1-6 POLICY

1-7 GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

1-8 CYBERSECURITY

1-9 REFERENCED STANDARDS

1-10 GLOSSARY

1-11 REFERENCES

1-12 PROJECTS OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES AND ITS

TERRITORIES

1-12.1 NATO Standards

1-12.2 Non-NATO Projects

1-13 DOCUMENT HIERARCHY

CHAPTER 2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIRMENTS

2-1 OPERATIONAL CAPABILITIES

2-2 FUEL SPECIFICATIONS

2-3 FUEL PROPERTIES AND ADDITIVES

2-3.1 Motor Gasoline (Mogas) [F-46] [ASTM D4814]

2-3.2 Aviation Gasoline (Avgas) [F-18] [ASTM D910]

2-3.2.3 Physical Properties of Avgas (100 LL)

2-3.2.4 Special Precautions for Avgas

2-3.3 Aviation Turbine Fuels

2-3.4 Kerosene [ASTM D3699]

2-3.4.1 Physical Properties of Kerosene

2-3.4.2 Special Precautions for Kerosene ii

2-3.5 Diesel Fuels

2-3.5.1 Sulfur Content of Diesel Fuels

2-3.5.2 Physical Properties of Diesel Fuels

2-3.5.3 Special Precautions for Low Sulfur Diesel Fuels

2-3.5.4 Special Precautions for Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel

2-3.6 Burner Fuel Oils

2-3.6.1 Physical Properties of Burner Fuel Oils

2-3.6.2 Special Precautions for Burner Fuel Oils

2-3.7 Alternative Fuel (E85) [[ASTM D5798]

2-3.7.1 Physical Properties of E85

2-3.7.2 Special Precautions for E85

2-3.8 Alternative Fuel Bio-Diesel (B20)

2-3.8.1 Physical Properties of Bio-Diesel

2-3.8.2 Special Precautions for Bio-Diesel

2-3.9 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

2-3.9.1 Physical Properties of LPG

2-3.9.2 Special Precautions for LPG

2-3.10 Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

2-3.10.1 Physical Properties of CNG

2-3.10.2 Special Precautions for CNG

2-3.11 OTTO Fuels

2-3.12 Lubricating Oils

2-3.13 Hydrazine - Water (H-70) [MIL-PRF-26536]

2-3.14 Fuel Additives

2-4 PRODUCT SEGREGATION

2-4.1 Product Grades

2-4.2 Exceptions

2-5 TRANSFER FLOW RATES

2-6 PHYSICAL SECURITY

2-6.1 Antiterrorism and Physical Security

2-6.1.1 Physical Security Program

2-6.1.2 DoD Security Engineering Facilities Planning Manual iii

2-6.2 Security Fencing

2-7 MAINTAINABILITY CAPABILITIES

2-8 VOICE COMMUNICATIONS

2-9 OTHER COMMUNICATIONS

2-9.1 Data Communications

2-9.2 Fire Alarm Communication

2-10 WORKER SAFETY

2-10.1 Emergency Showers and Eyewash Stations

2-11 ELECTRICAL DESIGN

2-11.1 Area Classifications

2-11.2 Illumination

2-11.3 Grounding and Bonding***

2-12 CATHODIC PROTECTION

2-12.1 Tanks

2-12.2 Piping

2-12.2.1 Over-Voltage Protection (OVP) Devices

2-12.3 Structures

2-12.4 Test Stations

2-13 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

2-13.1 General Policy

2-13.2 Regulations and Guidelines

2-13.2.1 Within U.S.A

2-13.2.2 Outside U.S.A

2-13.3 Transfer of Fuel at Ports

2-13.3.1 Bulk Transfer

2-13.3.2 Vapor Collections

2-13.4 Air Quality Control

2-13.4.1 Design Requirements

2-13.4.2 Aboveground Storage Tanks

2-13.4.3 Truck and Rail Loading Facilities

2-13.4.4 Permit Requirements

2-13.5 Water Quality Control iv

2-13.5.1 Design Requirements

2-13.5.2 Stormwater Discharge

2-13.5.3 Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) Plan

2-13.5.4 Meeting SPCC Plan Objectives

2-13.5.5 Spill Containment Systems

2-13.5.6 Spill Treatment Systems (Oil/Water Separators)

2-13.5.7 Leak Detection

2-13.5.8 Wastewater Disposal

2-13.5.9 Dewatering

2-13.6 Aboveground Storage Tanks

2-13.6.1 Design Requirements

2-13.6.2 Other Requirements

2-13.7 Underground Storage Tanks

2-13.7.1 Design Requirements

2-14 FIRE PROTECTION

2-14.1 General Requirements

2-14.2 Fire Protection of Aboveground Storage Tanks

2-14.3 Fire Protection of Underground Vertical Storage Tanks

2-14.4 Fire Protection of Pumping Facilities

2-14.4.1 Fire Department Access

2-14.4.2 Pump Pad and Pump Shelter Sprinkler Requirements

2-14.4.3 Fuel Issue Pumphouse Sprinkler Requirements

2-14.4.4 Transfer Pumphouse Sprinkler Requirements

2-14.4.5 Mobile Fuel Pumping Equipment Sprinkler Requirements

2-14.5 Fire Protection of Filtration Facilities

2-14.6 Fire Protection of Tank Truck and Tank Car Facilities

2-14.7 Fire Protection of Aircraft Parking and Fueling Facilities

2-14.8 Fire Protection of Refueler Vehicle Facilities

2-14.9 Fire Protection of Fuel Testing Laboratory

2-14.10 Fire Protection of Support Facilities

2-14.11 Fire Protection of Fuel Piers

2-14.11.1 Fire Protection Water Systems v

2-15 EMERGENCY SHUT-DOWN

2-16 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION HAZARDS

2-17 IDENTIFICATION

2-18 ANTISTATIC DESIGN

2-18.1 Piping Inlet Connections

2-18.2 Enclosed Vapor Spaces

2-18.3 Filter-Separators

2-18.4 Aircraft Direct Fueling Stations

2-18.5 Truck Bottom Loading

2-19 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE DOCUMENTATION

2-19.1 Operation and Maintenance Documentation for Systems Components. .

2-19.2 Operation and Maintenance Support Information (OMSI)

2-20 PROTECTION AGAINST SEISMIC ACTIVITY

2-21 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

2-22 CANOPIES

2-22.1 Canopies to Protect Fixed Assets from Extreme Weather Conditions. 40

2-22.2 Extreme Weather Condition for Canopies

2-22.3 Canopies to Reduce Stormwater

2-22.4 Canopies to Reduce Temperature

2-22.5 General Canopy Construction

2-23 CONCRETE

2-24 AIRFIELD/AIRSPACE REQUIREMENTS

2-25 PERMITS

2-26 COMMISSIONING AND START-UP

CHAPTER 3 BULK FUEL STORAGE FACILITIES

3-1 INTRODUCTION

3-2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

3-2.1 Custody Transfer

3-3 RECEIVING FACILITIES

3-3.1 Pipeline Receiving Facilities

3-3.2 Tank Truck and Tank Car Off-loading Facilities

3-3.3 Marine Off-Loading Facilities vi

3-4 DISPENSING FACILITIES

3-4.1 Pipeline Pumping Facilities

3-4.1.1 General Criteria

3-4.1.2 Required System Components

3-4.2 Tank Truck and Tank Car Loading Facilities

3-4.2.1 General Criteria

3-4.2.2 Required System Components for Tank Truck Fillstand

3-4.2.3 Required System Components for Tank Car Loading Station

3-4.3 Marine Loading Facilities

3-5 PIPING SYSTEMS

3-5.1 Product Segregation

3-6 DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS COMPONENTS

3-7 CONTROLS

3-7.1 Control System Philosophy

3-7.2 Exceptions

3-7.3 Design Requirements

3-7.4 Flow Controls

3-7.5 Pump Controls

3-7.5.1 All Pumps

3-7.5.2 Multi-Functions Pumps

3-7.5.3 Transfer Pumps

3-7.5.4 Pipeline Pumps

3-7.5.5 Temperature Controls

3-8 PRODUCT RECOVERY SYSTEMS

3-9 FUEL ADDITIVES

CHAPTER 4 AIRCRAFT FUELING FACILITIES

4-1 INTRODUCTION

4-1.1 Function

4-1.2 Aviation Turbine Fuels

4-1.3 Special Precautions for Aviation Turbine Fuel Quality

4-2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4-3 RECEIVING FACILITIES

vii

4-3.1 Pipeline Receiving Facilities

4-3.1.1 General Criteria

4-3.1.2 Required System Components

4-3.2 Tank Truck and Tank Car Off-Loading Facilities

4-3.2.1 General Criteria

4-3.2.2 Tank Truck and Tank Car Drop Tank Off-Loading System

4-3.2.3 Tank Truck and Tank Car Packaged Off-Loading System

4-3.2.4 Tank Truck and Tank Car Direct Off-Loading System

4-3.2.5 Required System Components

4-3.3 Marine Off-Loading Facilities

4-3.4 Special In-Bound Filtration

4-4 DISPENSING FACILITIES

4-4.1 Refueler Truck Fillstands

4-4.1.1 General Criteria

4-4.1.2 Required System Components

4-4.2 Aircraft Direct Fueling Systems

4-4.2.1 General Requirements

4-4.2.2 Fixed-Wing Small-Frame Aircraft

4-4.2.3 Large-Frame Aircraft

4-4.2.4 Helicopters

4-4.2.5 Surface Effect Hovercraft

4-4.3 Marine Loading Facilities

4-5 PIPING SYSTEMS

4-5.1 Product Segregation

4-5.2 Pigging

4-6 DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS COMPONENTS

4-7 CONTROLS

4-7.1 Control System Philosophy

4-7.2 Exceptions

4-7.3 Design Requirements

4-7.4 Flow Controls

4-7.5 Pump Controls viii

4-7.5.1 All Pumps

4-7.5.2 Multi-Function Pumps

4-7.5.3 Transfer Pumps

4-7.5.4 Pipeline Pumps

4-8 FUEL ADDITIVES

4-9 DEFUELING AND RETURN-TO-BULK (RTB) SYSTEMS

4-9.1 General Criteria

4-9.2 JP-5 Systems

4-9.2.1 Hydrant Systems

4-9.2.2 Other

4-9.3 JP-8 Systems

4-9.3.1 Hydrant Systems – Hydrant Loop

4-9.3.2 Hydrant Systems – Other

4-9.3.3 Tank Truck and Tank Car Off-Loading

4-9.3.4 Refueler Truck Fillstands

4-9.3.5 Fuel Bowsers (Mobile Defuel Tanks)

4-10 PRODUCT RECOVERY SYSTEMS

4-10.1 Tank Trucks and Fuel Bowsers

4-10.2 Return to Bulk

CHAPTER 5 MARINE AND DISPENSING FACILITIES

5-1 FUNCTION

5-2 FUEL PIERS AND WHARVES

5-3 BERTHING PIERS

5-4 OFFSHORE MOORINGS

5-5 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

5-6 GENERAL LAYOUT

5-7 PIPING SYSTEMS

5-7.1 Piping Arrangement

5-8 DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS COMPONENTS

5-8.1 Grounding Systems

5-8.2 Special Considerations for Aviation Turbine Fuels

5-9 CONTROLS

ix

5-9.1 Control System Philosophy

5-9.2 Exceptions

5-10 PRODUCT RECOVERY SYSTEMS

5-11 WEATHER SHEDS

5-12 CANOPIES

5-13 SPECIAL CALCULATIONS

5-14 EMERGENCY SHOWERS AND EYEWASH STATIONS

5-15 TRAFFIC BOLLARDS

5-16 SPECIAL DRAINAGE FOR FUELING PIERS

5-17 BALLAST RECEIVING AND SLUDGE REMOVAL

5-17.1 Ballast Receiving and Treatment Facilities

5-17.1.1 Design Requirements

5-17.1.2 Receiving and Settling Tanks

5-17.1.3 Oil/Water Separators

5-18 SLUDGE REMOVAL SYSTEMS

5-18.1 Design Requirements

5-18.2 Sludge Disposal

5-18.3 Piping Materials

CHAPTER 6 INTERTERMINAL AND INSTALLATION PIPELINES

6-1 INTRODUCTION

6-2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

6-3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

6-3.1 Fuel Segregation

6-3.2 Applicable Regulations

6-3.2.1 Installation Pipelines

6-3.2.2 Interterminal Pipelines

6-3.3 Sampling

6-3.4 Pigging

6-3.5 Surge Suppressions

6-3.6 Filtration

6-4 PIPING SYSTEMS

6-5 DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS COMPONENTS

x

6-6 CONTROLS

6-6.1 Control System Philosophy

6-6.2 Exceptions

6-7 PRODUCT RECOVERY SYSTEMS

6-8 SPECIAL CALCULATIONS

CHAPTER 7 GROUND PRODUCTS FUELING FACILITIES

7-1 INTRODUCTION

7-1.1 Types of Facilities

7-2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

7-3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

7-3.1 Fuel Segregation

7-3.2 Facility Size

7-3.3 Facility Configurations

7-3.4 Bulk Operations

7-3.5 Shelters

7-3.6 Concrete Fueling Area – Filling Stations

7-3.7 Canopies

7-3.7.1 Canopies to Protect Fixed Assets from Extreme Weather Condition . 114

7-3.7.2 Canopies to Reduce Stormwater of Filling Stations

7-3.8 Regulations

7-3.9 Bottom Loading

7-3.10 Truck Offload and Loading Facilities

7-3.11 Tactical Refueler Truck Loading Facilities

7-3.12 Spill Containment

7-4 STORAGE TANKS

7-4.1 Distance from Power Lines

7-5 PIPING SYSTEMS

7-5.1 Piping System – Tactical Refueler Facilities

7-5.2 Aboveground Piping System – Filling Stations

7-5.3 Underground Piping System – Filling Stations

7-6 CONTROLS

7-6.1 Control System Philosophy xi

7-6.2 Exceptions

7-6.3 Card and Key Locks

7-7 DESCRIPTIONS OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS

7-8 VAPOR RECOVERY

CHAPTER 8 ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANKS

8-1 INTRODUCTION

8-2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

8-3 GENERAL CRITERIA

8-3.1 Materials

8-3.2 Protection

8-3.3 Design Requirements

8-3.4 Storage Capacity

8-3.5 Tank Spacing

8-3.5.1 Vertical Tanks

8-3.5.2 Horizontal Underground Tanks

8-3.5.3 Horizontal Aboveground Tanks (Single Wall and Double Wall Steel) (Non-Fire Resistant and Non-Protected)

8-3.5.4 Horizontal Aboveground Tanks (Fire Resistant)

8-3.5.5 Horizontal Aboveground Tanks (Protected)

8-3.6 Distance from Buildings and Property Lines

8-3.6.1 Underground Tanks

8-3.6.2 Aboveground

8-3.7 Distance from Roadway, Railroads and Power Lines

8-3.7.1 Underground Tanks

8-3.7.2 Aboveground Tanks

8-3.8 Distance from Tank Truck and Tank Car Off-Loading and/or Loading Facilities

8-3.9 Distance and Location of Tanks from Photovoltaic Arrays

8-3.10 Interior Coatings

8-3.11 Exterior Coatings

8-3.12 Fill Piping

8-3.13 Vapor Emission Control Systems

8-3.14 Strapping Tables xii

8-3.15 Product Recovery Systems

8-3.15.1 General Design Considerations

8-3.15.2 Product Recovery Tanks

8-3.15.3 Product Saver Tanks

8-3.16 Registration

8-3.17 Nameplates

8-4 HORIZONTAL ABOVEGROUND TANKS (SINGLE WALL STEEL)

8-4.1 General Design Considerations

8-4.2 Tank Design Requirements

8-5 HORIZONTAL ABOVEGROUND TANKS (DOUBLE WALL STEEL). . 128

8-5.1 General Design Considerations

8-5.2 Tank Requirements

8-6 HORIZONTAL ABOVEGROUND TANKS (FIRE-RESISTANT)

8-6.1 General Design Considerations

8-6.2 Tank Design Requirements

8-7 HORIZONTAL ABOVEGROUND TANKS (PROTECTED TANKS)

8-7.1 General Design Considerations

8-7.2 Tank Design Requirements

8-8 ABOVEGROUND VERTICAL STORAGE TANKS

8-8.1 General Design Considerations

8-8.2 Tank Roofs

8-8.3 Internal Floating Pans

8-8.4 Tank Bottoms

8-8.5 Foundations

8-8.6 Post Installation Inspection

8-9 UNDERGROUND HORIZONTAL STORAGE TANKS

8-9.1 General Design Considerations

8-9.2 Installation

8-10 UNDERGROUND VERTICAL STORAGE TANKS (CUT AND COVER)

8-11 APPURTENANCES

8-12 HEATERS

8-12.1 General Design Considerations xiii

8-12.2 Heating Medium

8-12.3 Convection-Type

8-12.4 In-Line Type

8-12.5 Insulation and Tracing

8-13 UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK SPILL CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS. .

8-13.1 General Design Considerations

8-14 ABOVEGROUND TANK SPILL CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS

8-14.1 General Design Considerations

8-14.2 Spill Containment System Capacity

8-14.2.1 Diked Enclosures

8-14.2.2 Remote Impoundments

8-14.3 Remote Containment/Impoundment Spill Collection Systems

8-14.4 Diked Enclosure – Earthen Dike Type

8-14.5 Diked Enclosure – Reinforced Concrete Dike Type

8-14.6 Diked Enclosure – Combination Dike Type

8-14.7 Stormwater Collection Systems

8-14.8 Dike Access

8-15 MISCELLANEOUS USE TANKS

8-15.1 Installation

8-15.2 Heating Oil Tanks

8-15.3 Generator Fuel Tanks

8-15.4 Fire Pump Fuel Tanks

8-15.5 Waste Oil Tanks

8-15.6 Containment

8-15.7 Underground Tanks

8-16 SHIPBOARD OFF-LOAD FUEL STORAGE TANKS

8-16.1 Function

8-16.2 General Design Considerations

8-16.3 Locations

8-17 JET ENGINE TEST CELL FUEL STORAGE TANKS

8-18 FUELS AUTOMATED SYTEM

CHAPTER 9 PIPING SYSTEMS

xiv

9-1 INTRODUCTION

9-2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

9-2.1 Design Requirements

9-2.1.1 Hydrostatic Testing Requirements

9-2.1.2 Pipeline Flushing Requirements

9-2.1.3 Pipeline Pigging Requirements

9-2.1.4 Certified Inventory

9-2.1.5 Hydraulic Design

9-2.2 Piping Arrangement

9-2.3 Surge Analysis

9-3 ABOVEGROUND PIPING

9-3.1 Identification

9-3.2 Pipe Supports

9-3.3 Arrangement

9-3.4 Anchors

9-3.5 Thermal Relief Valves

9-3.5.1 Construction of Thermal Relief Valves

9-3.5.2 Discharge of Thermal Relief Valves

9-4 UNDERGROUND PIPING

9-4.1 Depth of Cover

9-4.2 Parallel and Crossing Pipes

9-4.3 Casing Sleeves

9-4.4 Line Markers

9-4.5 Warning Tapes

9-4.6 Thermal Relief Valves

9-4.7 Double Wall Piping

9-4.8 Single Wall Piping Leak Detection Systems

9-4.8.1 Leak Detection for Aircraft Direct Fueling Systems

9-4.9 Double Wall Piping Leak Detection Systems for Ground Vehicle Fueling Facilities. 167

9-4.10 Double Wall Piping Leak Detection Systems for Non-Ground Vehicle Fueling Facilities

9-4.11 Service Pits xv

9-5 UNDERWATER PIPING

9-5.1 Special Arrangements

9-5.2 Connections

9-5.3 Unique Considerations

9-5.4 Corrosion Protection

9-5.5 Depth of Burial

9-5.6 Pipe Thickness and Weight

9-6 PIPING MATERIALS

9-6.1 Non-Aviation Systems

9-6.2 Aviation Systems

9-7 WELDING CRITERIA

9-8 PIPING CONNECTIONS

9-9 INTERIOR PIPE COATINGS

9-10 EXTERIOR PIPE COATINGS

9-11 SAMPLING FACILITIES

CHAPTER 10 ALTERNATE POL FACILITIES

10-1 INTORDUCTION

10-2 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG)

10-2.1 Uses

10-2.2 General Design Considerations

10-2.2.1 Fire Hazards

10-2.2.2 Refrigerating Effects

10-2.2.3 Design Standards

10-2.3 Receiving Facilities

10-2.3.1 General Design Considerations

10-2.3.2 Transfer Methods

10-2.3.3 Flow Rates

10-2.4 Storage Facilities

10-2.4.1 Types of Storage

10-2.4.2 Number and Size of Bulk Tanks

10-2.4.3 Design Requirements

10-2.4.4 Inspections, Testing, and Certifications xvi

10-2.5 Distribution Facilities

10-2.5.1 General Design Considerations

10-2.5.2 Piping Materials

10-2.5.3 Accessories

10-2.5.4 Pumps and Compressors

10-2.5.5 Vaporizers

10-2.5.6 Controls

10-2.6 Air Mixing Facilities

10-2.6.1 Pressure Controls

10-2.6.2 Volumetric Controls

10-2.6.3 Specific Gravity Indication

10-2.6.4 Calorimetric Controls

10-3 COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG)

10-3.1 Uses

10-3.2 General Design Considerations

10-3.2.1 System Sizing

10-3.2.2 Future Requirements

10-3.2.3 Pressures

10-3.2.4 Connections

10-3.2.5 Compressors

10-3.2.6 Compressor Drives

10-3.2.7 Compressor Inlet Pressure

10-3.2.8 Storage

10-3.2.9 Controls

10-3.2.10 Dispensers

10-3.2.11 Nozzles

10-3.2.12 Environmental Considerations

10-3.2.13 Weather

10-3.2.14 Coatings

10-3.2.15 Water Content

10-3.2.16 Design Standards

10-3.3 Warning xvii

10-4 HYDRAZINE STORAGE AND SERVICING FACILITIES

10-4.1 Uses

10-4.2 General Design Considerations

10-4.3 Construction Concepts

10-4.3.1 Access

10-4.3.2 Architectural

10-4.3.3 Fire Protection Systems

10-4.3.4 Spill Containment

10-4.3.5 Floor Drains

10-4.3.6 Collection Tank and Piping

10-4.3.7 Grounding

10-4.3.8 Hygiene Support Criteria

10-4.3.9 Lighting

10-4.3.10 Safety

10-4.3.11 Utilities

10-4.3.12 Ventilation

10-4.3.13 Waste Product Disposal

10-5 OTTO FUELS

CHAPTER 11 SUPPORT FACILITIES

11-1 INTORDUCTION

11-2 OPERATIONS BUILDING

11-2.1 Design Standards

11-2.2 Fuel Office

11-2.3 Training/Conference Room

11-2.4 Fuel Maintenance Workshop

11-2.5 Storeroom

11-2.6 Laboratory

11-2.7 System Components for Miscellaneous Safety

11-2.8 Control Room

11-2.9 Miscellaneous Spaces

11-2.10 Communications

11-3 ROADS

xviii

11-4 UTILITIES

11-5 AIRCRAFT REFUELER AND FUEL DELIVERY VEHICLE PARKING. 193

11-5.1 General

11-5.2 Clearances

11-5.3 Arrangement

11-5.4 Ingress/Egress

11-5.5 Paving

11-5.6 Containment Area

11-5.7 Remote Spill Containment System

11-5.8 Fire Protection

11-5.9 Security

11-5.10 Lighting

11-5.11 Block Heater Connections

CHAPTER 12 MAJOR REHABILITATION

12-1 INTORDUCTION

12-2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

12-3 ABOVEGROUND FUEL STORAGE TANK REHABILITATION

12-3.1 Aboveground Vertical Tank Inspections

12-3.2 Increase Manhole Sizes

12-3.3 Replace Tank Floors

12-3.3.1 Double Bottom with Washed Sand Layer and Liner

12-3.3.2 Double Bottom with Concrete Layer and New Steel Bottom

12-3.3.3 Double Steel Bottom

12-3.3.4 Single Bottom with Liner

12-3.4 Replace Floating Roof tank with Fixed Roofs

12-3.5 Product Recovery Systems

12-3.6 Coatings

12-3.7 Isolation Valves

12-3.8 Alarms and High Level Shut-off Valves

12-4 UNDERGROUND OPERATING TANKS

12-4.1 Manholes

12-4.2 Interior Coatings xix

12-5 HYDRANT SYSTEMS

12-5.1 Pumps

12-5.2 Filter-Separators

12-5.3 Fuel Quality Monitors

12-5.4 Control Systems

12-5.5 Electrical Systems

12-5.6 Lateral Control Pits

12-5.7 Distribution Piping

12-5.8 Diaphragm Control Valves

12-5.9 Hydrant Control Valve Differential Pressure Control Pilots

12-5.10 Hydrant Outlets

12-6 DIKES, LINERS, AND BASINS

12-7 LEAK DETECTION

12-8 CATHODIC PROTECTION

12-9 ISOLATION VALVES

12-10 SOIL AND GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION

12-11 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) FACILITIES

12-12 PIPELINE INSPECTION

12-12.1 Inspection

12-12.2 In-Line Inspections (Smart Pigging)

12-12.2.1 General

12-12.2.2 Types

12-13 PIPELINE REPAIRS

12-13.1 Pipeline Repair Methods

12-13.2 Pipe Support Upgrades

12-14 CHECKLIST

CHAPTER 13 FUELING FACILITY TEMPORARY DEACTIVIATION

13-1 INTRODUCTION

13-2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

13-3 FUEL STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION FACILITIES

13-3.1 Tanks

13-3.1.1 Aboveground Tanks xx

13-3.1.2 Underground Tanks

3-3.1.3 Tank Level Controls

13-3.2 Pipelines

13-3.2.1 Pipeline System Components

13-3.2.2 Fueling Pits

13-4 FACILITIES

13-4.1 General Considerations

13-4.2 Fencing

13-4.3 Paved Surfaces

CHAPTER 14 FUELING FACILITY CLOSURE

14-1 CLOSURE REQUIREMENTS

14-1.1 Aboveground Tanks

14-1.2 Underground Tanks

14-1.3 Pipelines

14-2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

14-3 INVENTORY

CHAPTER 15 FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS

15-1 INTRODUCTION

15-2 BULK AIR ELMINATORS

15-3 METERS

15-3.1 Custody Transfer versus Non-Custody Transfer Meters

15-3.2 Meters – Positive Displacement

15-3.3 Meters – Turbine

15-3.4 Meters – Orifice

15-4 PRESSURE GAUGES

15-5 STRAINERS

15-6 SURGE SUPPRESSORS

15-7 FILTRATION

15-7.1 Aviation Turbine Fuel Filter-Separators

15-7.1.1 Design Requirements

15-7.1.2 Arrangement

15-7.2 Micronic Pre-Filters xxi

15-7.3 Haypack Coalescers

15-8 PUMPS

15-8.1 Design Requirements

15-8.2 Centrifugal Pumps

15-8.3 Vertical Turbine Pumps

15-8.4 Jockey Pumps

15-8.5 Rotary Pumps

15-8.5.1 Positive Displacement Pumps

15-8.5.2 Self-Priming Centrifugal Pumps

15-8.5.3 Stripper Pumps

15-8.6 Drivers

15-8.7 Materials of Construction

15-8.8 Installation

15-9 MANUAL VALVES

15-9.1 Material of Construction – General Service

15-9.2 Materials of Construction – Aviation Turbine

15-9.3 Isolation Valves Types

15-9.3.1 Double Block and Bleed Isolation Valves

15-9.3.2 Quick Opening/Frequent Opening Isolation Valves

15-9.4 Isolation Valve Operators

15-9.5 Isolation Valve Pits

15-10 OTHER VALVES

15-10.1 Check Valves

15-10.2 V-Port Ball Valves

15-10.3 Thermal Relief Valves

15-11 DIAPHRAGM CONTROL VALVES

15-11.1 Open/Close Operation

15-11.2 Throttling Operation

15-11.3 Check Valve Function

15-11.4 Remote Operations

15-11.5 Materials of Construction

15-11.6 Applications xxii

15-11.7 Combinations

15-12 FUEL HOSES

15-12.1 Loading Fuel Hoses

15-12.2 Off-Loading Fuel Hoses

15-12.3 Submarine Fuel Hoses

CHAPTER 16 AUSTERE LOCATION FUEL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

16-1 INTRODUCTION

16-1.1 Qualifications

16-2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (REF. CHAPTER 2)

16-2.1 Operational Capabilities (Ref. Paragraph 2-1)

16-2.2 Transfer Flow Rates (Ref. Paragraph 2-5)

16-2.3 Voice Communications (Ref. Paragraph 2-8)

16-2.4 Safety Showers and Eyewash Fountains (Ref. Paragraph 2-10.1)

16-2.5 Corrosion Control

16-2.6 Cathodic Protection (Ref. Paragraph 2-12)

16-2.7 Fire Protection (Ref. Paragraph 2-14)

16-2.8 Emergency Fuel Shut-Off (Ref. Paragraph 2-15)

16-2.9 Material Acquisition

16-3 BULK FUEL STORAGE FACILITIES (REF. CHAPTER 3)

16-3.1 Tank Truck and Tank Car Off-loading Facilities (Ref. Paragraph 3- 3.1.3)

16-3.2 Tank Car and Tank Truck Off-loading Facility Required System Components (Ref. Paragraph 3-3.1.7)

16-3.3 Pipeline Pumping Facilities Required System Components (Ref.

Paragraph 3-4.1.2)

16-3.4 Controls (Ref. Paragraph 3-7)

16-4 AIRCRAFT FUELING FACILITIES (REF. CHAPTER 4)

16-4.1 Pipeline receiving Facilities Required System Components (Ref.

Chapter 4.3.1.2)

16-4.2 Tank Truck and Tank Car Off-Loading Facilities (Ref. Paragraph 4-3.2).

16-4.3 Dispensing Facilities (Ref. Chapter 4-4)

16-4.4 Description of System Components (Ref. Chapter 4-6)

16-4.5 Controls (Ref. Paragraph 4-7) xxiii

16-4.6 Aviation Turbine Fuel Receipt Filtration Table (Ref Table 4-1)

16-5 MARINE RECEIVING AND DISPENSING FACILITIES (REF. CHAPTER

5)

16-5.1 Controls (Ref Paragraph 5-9)

16-6 INTERTERMINAL AND INSTALLATION PIPELINES (REF. CHAPTER

6)

16-6.1 Controls (Ref Paragraph 6-6)

16-7 GROUND PRODUCTS FUELING FACILITIES (REF. CHAPTER 7)

16-7.1 Stand-off Distances (Ref. throughout Chapter 7)

16-7.2 Spill Containment (Ref. Paragraph 7-3.12)

16-7.3 Controls (Ref. Paragraph 7-6)

16-8 ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANKS (REF. CHAPTER 8)

16-8.1 General Criteria (Ref. Chapter 8-3)

16-8.2 Horizontal Aboveground Tanks (Double Wall Steel) (Ref. Chapter 8-5). .

16-8.3 Aboveground Vertical Storage Tanks (Ref. Chapter 8-8)

16-8.4 Underground Horizontal Storage Tanks (Ref. Chapter 8-9)

16-8.5 Appurtenances (Ref Chapter 8-11)

16-8.6 Aboveground Tank Spill Containment Systems (Ref. Chapter 8-14). 240

16-9 PIPING SYSTEMS (REF. CHAPTER 9)

16-10 ALTERNATE POL FACILITIES (REF. CHAPTER 10)

16-11 SUPPORT FACILITIES (REF. CHAPTER 11)

16-12 MAJOR REHABILITATION (REF. CHAPTER 12)

16-13 FUELING FACILITY TEMPORARY DEACTIVATION (REF. CHAPTER

13)

16-14 FUELING FACILITY CLOSURE (REF. CHAPTER 14)

16-15 FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS (REF. CHAPTER 15)

APPENDIX A MANUAL SURGE CALCULATIONS FOR SIMPLE PIPING SYSTEMS ...

APPENDIX B CHARTER OF DOD FUELS DISCIPLINE WORKING GROUP (FDWG) ..

B-1 INTRODUCTION

B-2 COMPOSITION

B-2.1 FDWG Members xxiv

B-2.2 Associate member:

B-2.3 Coordinating members

B-3 TASKS

B-4 MEETINGS

B-5 CHARTER REVIEW

APPENDIX C Plates

APPENDIX D GLOSSARY

D-1 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

D-2 DEFINITION OF TERMS

APPENDIX E REFERENECES

TABLES

Table 2-1. Properties of Aviation Fuels

Table 2-2. Physical Properties of Diesel Fuels

Table 2-3. Physical Properties of Burner Fuel Oils

Table 2-4. Design Flow Rates

Table 2-5. Emergency Shower and Eyewash Station Locations

Table 2-6. Atmospheric POL Tank Cooling Water

Table 2-7. Pressurized POL Tank Cooling Water

Table 2-8. Design Engineering Weather Data for Canopies

Table 4-1 Aviation Turbine Fuel Receipt Filtration Table

Table 8-1 Appurtenances

Table 9-1 Allowable Pressure Table – ANSI Class 150 Flanged Joints

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1-1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE.

This Unified Facilities Criteria, UFC 3-460-01, contains general criteria and standard procedures for the design and construction of military land-based facilities which receive, store, distribute, or dispense liquid fuels. It is also applicable to the handling of liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) and compressed natural gas (CNG). It provides guidance on the rehabilitation, deactivation, or closure of fueling facilities. Support facilities are also included. Facility Plate 001 provides assistance in identifying UFC chapter numbers for specific fueling components.

These criteria, except Chapters 12, 13, and 14 of this UFC, are intended for new construction only and do not apply retroactively to facilities existing at the time this UFC was issued. However, these criteria, including Chapters 12, 13, and 14, are applicable when modernizing or expanding existing facilities if the improvements can be justified in terms of obsolescence, expanded operational requirements, safety, environmental compliance, or excessive maintenance costs.

1-2 APPLICABILITY.

The guidance contained in this UFC is intended for use by facility planners, engineers, and architects for individual project planning and for preparing engineering and construction documentation for all real property facilities used for storing, distributing, and dispensing fuels for reciprocating and jet engine aircraft, automotive fuels, lubricating oils, and alternate fuels. In addition, it is intended for use by operations and maintenance personnel as a guidance document for facility design, modifications, and improvements.

1-3 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD) FUELS DISCIPLINE WORKING

GROUP (FDWG).

This UFC was updated by the DoD Fuels Discipline Working Group (FDWG). The DoD FDWG consists of recognized POL experts, primarily from the engineering community, to establish the criteria for the DoD community on ways to provide safe, operationally effective, and economic DoD fuel facilities systems to meet the mission requirements.

The FDWG will examine, develop, recommend, and provide design features for the standardization of facilities, system components, and equipment, and procedures used in fuel handling systems for storage, distribution, maintenance and dispensing of aircraft, marine, and ground fuels. The FDWG will evaluate facility component parts on DoD installations and will serve as a pool of expertise to assist in resolving systemic fuel handling facility problems. FDWG meetings will also serve as a forum to update members on new system components, and equipment, DoD or service-specific programs, and changes affecting the fuels maintenance, repair and construction community. Refer to Appendix B, Charter for DoD Fuels Discipline Working Group for more information.

1-4 SERVICE HEADQUARTERS SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS (SME).

It is recognized that the policies, obligations, and responsibilities of the military branches may vary on some minor points. Therefore, consult the Subject Matter Expert at the appropriate Service Headquarters for interpretation. For the purposes of interpretation of this UFC, the Subject Matter Expert at the appropriate Service Headquarters is defined as follows:

a. Army – Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, POL Facilities Proponent (CECW-EC)

b. Air Force – The Air Force Fuels Facilities Subject Matter Expert (AFCEC/COSM) or officially designated alternate

c. Navy/Marine Corps – NAVFAC POL Facility Subject Matter Expert

(NAVFAC EXWC, SH25)

1-4.1 Service Provider Subject Matter Expert (SME).

DLA Installation Support for Energy (DLA DS-FEI) is the Executive Agent as defined in

DOD 4140.25M.

1-4.2 Service Control Point (SCP).

For the purposes of interpretation of this UFC, the Service Control Point is defined as follows:

a. Army – Army Petroleum Center

b. Air Force – Air Force Petroleum Office

c. Navy/Marine Corps – Naval Supply Systems Command - Energy

1-5 WAIVERS AND EXEMPTIONS.

For specific interpretations, waivers or exemption, contact the appropriate Service Headquarters Subject Matter Experts (SME) and refer to MIL-STD-3007 for the waiver process.

Recommended UFC language generated from recurring waivers and exemptions will be considered by the DoD Fuel Facilities Engineering Panel with supporting rationale for inclusion on FDWG voting agendas. Recommended changes to this UFC are then reviewed/approved by the voting members of the DoD Fuels Facilities Discipline Working Group, preferably in a normal recurring meeting.

1-6 POLICY.

Design petroleum fuel facilities to meet the operational and management requirements of the Command in which the facility is located, as well as to meet all applicable federal, state, and local regulations concerning environmental, health, safety, and fire protection issues.

1-7 GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS.

Comply with UFC 1-200-01, DoD Building Code (General Building Requirements). UFC 1- 200-01 provides applicability of model building codes and government unique criteria for typical design disciplines and building systems, as well as for accessibility, antiterrorism, security, high performance and sustainability requirements, and safety. Use this UFC in addition to UFC 1-200-01 and the UFC and government criteria referenced therein.

1-8 CYBERSECURITY.

All control systems (including systems separate from an energy management control system) must be planned, designed, acquired, executed, and maintained in accordance with UFC 4-010-06, and as required by individual Service Implementation Policy.

1-9 REFERENCED STANDARDS.

The execution agency issuing a contract for design and/or construction services will direct the use of standard designs, guide specifications, and/or definitive drawings. In other situations, where these standards are not readily available, contact appropriate Service Headquarters for assistance in obtaining these documents.

1-10 GLOSSARY.

Appendix D contains acronyms, abbreviations, and definition of terms.

1-11 REFERENCES.

Appendix E contains a list of other criteria and references used in this document. The publication date of the code or standard is not included in this document. Unless otherwise specified, the most recent edition of the referenced publication applies.

1-12 PROJECTS OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES AND ITS

TERRITORIES.

1-12.1 NATO Standards.

For fueling projects located outside of the United States and its territories, and in a NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) country, review and comply with all appropriate host-nation regulations, NATO documents such as STANAG 3784, and this

UFC.

1-12.2 Non-NATO Projects.

For fueling projects located outside of the United States and its territories, and not in a NATO country, use host-nation standards (if more stringent), this UFC, and applicable Service policy.

1-13 DOCUMENT HIERARCHY.

For the design of all DoD fueling projects, modify the UFGS and standard design drawings to meet the specific needs of the project. The document hierarchy in order of decreasing precedence is as follows:

a. Unified Facility Criteria (UFC)

b. Unified Facilities Guide Specification (UFGS)

c. DoD Standards

The UFCs, UFGSs, and DoD Standards must be site-adapted for each specific fueling facility.

CHAPTER 2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIRMENTS

2-1 OPERATIONAL CAPABILITIES.

Design fuel facilities for continued operation using emergency or temporary expedients despite the loss of one or more components of the fuel receiving and/or dispensing system by enemy action or other factors. For tactical or mission-related fuel facilities, provide an alternative source of fuel supply to the fuel facility to ensure emergency operation under the most adverse conditions, including back up power (emergency generators). Maintain consistency with prescribed criteria in appropriate directives, instructions, and standard designs (including NATO Standards).

2-2 FUEL SPECIFICATIONS.

The following specifications apply to the various petroleum fuels that may be addressed:

a. MIL-DTL-5624, Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Grades JP-4 and JP-5.

b. MIL-DTL-38219, Turbine Fuel, Low Volatility, JP-7.

c. MIL-DTL-83133, Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Type, JP-8 (NATO F-34 and NATO F-35).

d. AFLP-3747 Guide Specifications (Minimum Quality Standards) for Aviation

Turbine Fuels (F-24, F-27, F-34, F-35, F-37, F-40 and F-44).

e. MIL-DTL-25524, Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Thermally Stable (JPTS).

f. ASTM D1655, Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels.

g. CID A-A-52557, Fuel Oil, Diesel; for Posts, Camps and Stations.

h. CID A-A-59693, Diesel Fuel, Biodiesel Blend (B20).

i. MIL-DTL-16884, Fuel, Naval Distillate.

j. ASTM D3699, Standard Specification for Kerosene.

k. ASTM D4814, Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition

Engine Fuel.

l. ASTM D910, Standard Specification for Aviation Gasoline (Avgas).

m. ASTM D975, Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils.

n. MIL-DTL-87107, Propellant, High Density Synthetic Hydrocarbon Type, Grade JP-10.

o. ASTM D5798, Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for

Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines.

p. ASTM D6751, Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock

(B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels.

q. ASTM D7467, Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend

(B6 to B20).

r. ASTM D396, Standard Specification for Fuel Oils.

s. MIL-PRF-26536 Propellant, Hydrazine.

t. MIL-PRF-9000 Lubricating Oil, Shipboard Internal Combustion Engine, High-Output Diesel.

u. MIL-PRF-17331 Lubricating Oil, Steam Turbine & Gear, Moderate

Service.

v. ASTM D1835, Standard Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases.

w. SAE J1616, Standard for Natural Gas Vehicle Fuel.

2-3 FUEL PROPERTIES AND ADDITIVES.

In addition to the fuel specifications, refer to Coordinating Research Council, Inc., CRC Report No. 635, Handbook of Aviation Fuel Properties, for additional fuel properties.

The following paragraphs list typical physical properties of various grades of fuel and additives which would affect the design of a petroleum fuel facility. The NATO designation is shown in brackets.

2-3.1 Motor Gasoline (Mogas) [F-46] [ASTM D4814].

2-3.1.1 Physical Properties of Mogas.

a. Specific Gravity 0.70 to 0.78

b. Reid Vapor Pressure 0.58 to 15 psia (at 100 degrees F (38 degrees C))

c. Flash Point -31 degrees F (-35 degrees