Exhibit 7 - Design Parameters.pdf
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- Solicitation number
- AG-4419-S-10-0361
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Exhibit 7 - Design Parameters
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Design Parameters
Design Parameters are technical guidelines for the survey, design, construction, maintenance, and assessment of National Forest System trails, based on their Designed Use and Trail Class and consistent with their management intent1. Local deviations from any Design Parameter may be established based on trail-specific conditions, topography, or other factors, provided that the deviations are consistent with the general intent of the applicable Trail Class.
Designed Use HIKER/PEDESTRIAN Trail Class 1 Trail Class 2 Trail Class 3 2 Trail Class 4 2 Trail Class 5 2 Design Tread Width
Wilderness (Single Lane)
0” – 12” 6” – 18” 12” – 24” Exception: may be 36” – 48” at steep side slopes
18” – 24” Exception: may be 36” – 48” at steep side slopes
Not applicable
Non-Wilderness (Single Lane)
0” – 12” 6” – 18” 18” – 36”
24” – 60”
36” – 72”
Non-Wilderness (Double Lane)
36” 36” 36” – 60” 48” – 72” 72” – 120”
Structures (Minimum Width)
18” 18” 18” 36” 36”
Design Surface3
Type Native, ungraded
May be continuously rough
Native, limited grading rough
Native with some onsite borrow or imported material where needed for stabilization, occasional grading
Intermittently rough
Native with improved sections of borrow or imported material, routine grading
Minor roughness
Likely imported material, Uniform, firm, and stable
Protrusions ≤ 24” Likely common and continuous
≤ 6” May be common and continuous
≤ 3” May be common, not continuous
≤ 3 ” Uncommon, not continuous
No protrusions
Obstacles (Maximum Height)
24”
14”
10”
8”
No obstacles
Design Grade 3
Target Grade 5% – 25%
5% – 18% 3% – 12% 2% – 10% 2% – 5%
Short Pitch Maximum
40% 35% 25% 15% 5%
FSTAG: 5% – 12%2
Maximum Pitch Density 20% – 40% of trail
20% – 30% of trail
10% – 20% of trail
5% – 20% of trail
0% – 5% of trail
10/16/2008
Designed Use HIKER/PEDESTRIAN Trail Class 1 Trail Class 2 Trail Class 3 2 Trail Class 4 2 Trail Class 5 2 Design Cross Slope
Target Cross Slope Natural side slope
5% – 20% 5% – 10% 3% – 7% 2% – 3% (or crowned)
Maximum Cross Slope Natural side slope
25% 15% 10% 3%
Clearing
Height 6’
6’ – 7’ 7’ – 8’ 8’ – 10’ 8’ – 10’
Width ≥ 24” Some vegetation may encroach into clearing area
24” – 48” Some light vegetation may encroach into clearing area
36” – 60”
48” – 72”
60” – 72”
Shoulder Clearance 3” – 6”
6” – 12” 12” – 18” 12” – 18” 12” – 24”
Turn
Radius No minimum 2’ – 3’ 3’ – 6’ 4’ – 8’ 6’ – 8’
1 For definitions of Design Parameter attributes (e.g., Design Tread Width and Short Pitch Maximum) see FSH 2309.18, section 05.
2 Trail Classes 3, 4, and 5, in particular, have the potential to provide accessible passage. If assessing or designing trails for accessibility, refer to the Forest Service
Trail Accessibility Guidelines (FSTAG) for more specific technical provisions and tolerances (FSM 2350).
3 The determination of trail-specific design grades, design surface, and other Design Parameters should be based upon soils, hydrological conditions, use levels, erosion potential, and other factors contributing to surface stability and overall sustainability of the trail.
Design Parameters are technical guidelines for the survey, design, construction, maintenance, and assessment of National Forest System trails, based on their Designed Use and Trail Class and consistent with their management intent1. Local deviations from any Design Parameter may be established based on trail-specific conditions, topography, or other factors, provided that the deviations are consistent with the general intent of the applicable Trail Class.
Designed Use PACK AND SADDLE Trail Class 1 Trail Class 2 Trail Class 3 Trail Class 4 Trail Class 5 Design Tread Width
Wilderness (Single Lane)
Typically not designed or actively managed for equestrians, although use may be accepted
12” – 18” May be up to 48” along steep side slopes 48” – 60” or greater along precipices
18” – 24” May be up to 48” along steep side slopes 48” – 60” or greater along precipices
24” May be up to 48” along steep side slopes 48” – 60” or greater along precipices
Typically not designed or actively managed for equestrians, although use may be accepted
Non-Wilderness (Single Lane)
12” – 24” May be up to 48” along steep side slopes 48” – 60” or greater along precipices
18” – 48” 48” – 60” or greater along precipices
24” – 96” 48” – 60” or greater along precipices
Non-Wilderness (Double Lane)
60” 60” – 84” 84” – 120”
Structures (Minimum Width)
Other than -bridges: 36” Bridges without handrails: 60” Bridges with handrails:
84” clear width
Other than bridges: 36” Bridges without handrails:
60” Bridges with handrails:
84” clear width
Other than bridges: 36” Bridges without handrails:
60” Bridges with handrails: 84” clear width
Design Surface2
Type Native, limited grading
May be frequently rough
Native with some onsite borrow or imported material where needed for stabilization, occasional grading
Intermittently rough
Native, with improved sections of borrow or imported material, routine grading
Minor roughness
Protrusions ≤ 6” May be common and continuous
≤ 3” May be common, not continuous
≤ 3” Uncommon, not continuous
Obstacles
12”
6” 3”
PACK AND SADDLE Trail Class 1 Trail Class 2 Trail Class 3 Trail Class 4 Trail Class 5 Design Grade 2
Target Grade 5% – 20%
3% – 12% 2% – 10%
30% 20% 15%
Maximum Pitch Density 15% – 20% of trail
5% – 15% of trail 5% – 10% of trail
Cross
Target Cross Slope 5% – 10%
3% – 5% 0% – 5%
Maximum Cross Slope 10%
8% 5%
Height 8’ – 10’
10’
10’ – 12’
Width 72” Some light vegetation may encroach into
72” – 96”
96”
Shoulder Clearance 6” – 12” Pack clearance: 36” x 36”
12” – 18” Pack clearance: 36” x 36”
12” – 18” Pack clearance: 36” x 36”
Design
Radius 4’ – 5’
5’ – 8’ 6’ – 10’
1 For definitions of Design Parameter attributes (e.g., Design Tread Width and Short Pitch Maximum) see FSH 2309.18, section 05.
2 The determination of trail-specific design grades, design surface, and other Design Parameters should be based upon soils, hydrological conditions, use levels, erosion potential, and other factors contributing to surface stability and overall sustainability of the trail.
Design Parameters are technical guidelines for the survey, design, construction, maintenance, and assessment of National Forest System trails, based on their Designed Use and Trail Class and consistent with their management intent1. Local deviations from any Design Parameter may be established based on trail-specific conditions, topography, or other factors, provided that the deviations are consistent with the general intent of the applicable Trail Class.
Designed Use BICYCLE Trail Class 1 Trail Class 2 Trail Class 3 Trail Class 4 Trail Class 5 Design Tread Width
Single Lane 6” – 12”
12” – 24” 18” – 36” 24” – 48” 36” – 60”
Double Lane 36” – 48”
36” – 48” 36” – 48” 48” – 84” 72” – 120”
Structures (Minimum Width)
18” 18” 36” 48” 60”
Design Surface2
Type Native, un-graded
May be continuously rough
Sections of soft or unstable tread on grades < 5% may be common and continuous
Native, limited grading rough
Sections of soft or unstable tread on grades < 5% may be common
Native with some onsite borrow or imported material where needed for stabilization, occasional grading
Intermittently rough
Sections of soft or unstable tread on grades < 5% may be present, but not common
Native, routine grading with improved sections of borrow or imported materials
Stable with minor roughness
Likely imported material, Uniform, firm, and stable
Protrusions ≤ 24” Likely common and continuous
≤ 6” May be common and continuous
≤ 3” May be common, not continuous
≤ 3” Uncommon, not continuous
No protrusions
Obstacles
24”
12” 10” 8” No obstacles
Grade 2
Target Grade 5% – 20%
5% – 12% 3% – 10% 2% – 8% 2% – 5%
30% 50% on downhill-only segments
25% 35% on downhill-only segments
15% 10% 8%
Maximum Pitch Density 20% – 30% of trail
10% – 30% of trail 10% – 20% of trail 5% – 10% of trail 0% – 5% of trail
BICYCLE Trail Class 1 Trail Class 2 Trail Class 3 Trail Class 4 Trail Class 5 Design Cross
Target Cross Slope 5% – 10%
5% – 8% 3% – 8% 3% – 5% 2% – 3%
Maximum Cross Slope 10%
10% 8% 5% 5%
Height 6’
6’ – 8’ 8’ 8’ - 9’ 8’ - 9’
Width 24” – 36” Some vegetation may encroach into clearing area
36” – 48” Some light vegetation may encroach into
60” – 72”
Shoulder Clearance 0’ – 12”
6” – 12” 6” – 12” 6” – 18” 12” – 18”
Radius 2’ – 3’
3’ – 6’
4’ – 8’
8’ – 10’ 8’ - 12’
1 For definitions of Design Parameter attributes (e.g., Design Tread Width and Short Pitch Maximum) see FSH 2309.18, section 05.
2 The determination of trail-specific design grades, design surface, and other Design Parameters should be based upon soils, hydrological conditions, use levels, erosion potential, and other factors contributing to surface stability and overall sustainability of the trail.
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