SSP_50826.doc

SSP 50826

Baseline

International Space Station 6-Crew Strategic Planning Document: ISS Crew Augmentation Strategic Plan for 2009-2011

International Space Station Program

Baseline

November 2008

National Aeronautics and Space Administration International Space Station Program Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas Contract No: NNJ04AA01C

REVISION AND HISTORY PAGE

PREFACE

International Space Station 6-crew strategic planning document:

ISS Crew Augmentation Strategic Plan for 2009-2011 This document is the International Space Station 6-Crew Strategic Planning Document.

This document is developed and maintained by the Program Integration Office jointly with Roscosmos, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), European Space Agency (ESA), and Canadian Space Agency (CSA). Official deliveries of this document are under the control of the Space Station Control Board (SSCB) and any changes or revisions will be jointly agreed to and signed by the SSCB.

SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT

INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION PROGRAM

6-crew strategic planning document:

ISS Crew Augmentation Strategic Plan for 2009-2011

CONCURRENCE

november 2008

6-crew strategic planning document:

ISS Crew Augmentation Strategic Plan for 2009-2011

CONCURRENCE

6-crew strategic planning document:

ISS Crew Augmentation Strategic Plan for 2009-2011

CONCURRENCE

6-crew strategic planning document:

ISS Crew Augmentation Strategic Plan for 2009-2011

6-crew strategic planning document:

ISS Crew Augmentation Strategic Plan for 2009-2011

CONCURRENCE

6-crew strategic planning document:

ISS Crew Augmentation Strategic Plan for 2009-2011

6-crew strategic planning document:

ISS Crew Augmentation Strategic Plan for 2009-2011

6-crew strategic planning document:

ISS Crew Augmentation Strategic Plan for 2009-2011

6-crew strategic planning document:

ISS Crew Augmentation Strategic Plan for 2009-2011

LIST OF CHANGES

november 2008

All changes to paragraphs, tables, and figures in this document are shown below:

Board Name

Entry Date

Change

Paragraph(s)

SSCD 10652

December 2008

Baseline

All

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PARAGRAPH

PAGE

1-11.0 introduction

1.1 purpose

1-1 1.2 scope

1-1 1.3 precedence

1-1 1.4 changes

1-1 2.0 documents

2-1 2.1 applicable documents

2-1 2.2 reference documents

2-1 3.0 iss 6-crew implementation

3-1 3.1 iss 6-crew implementation timeline phases

3-1 4.0 iss configuration

4-1 4.1 iss port availability

4-1 5.0 concept of operations for iss 6-crew rotation

5-1 5.1 definitions for iss operations and crew rotation

5-1 5.1.1 segmented crew operations

5-1 5.1.2 Indirect Crew Rotation

5-1 5.1.3 direct crew rotation

5-1 5.1.4 extravehicular activity

5-1 5.1.5 extravehicular robotics

5-1 5.1.6 robotics

5-1 5.1.7 external hardware

5-1 5.2 shuttle operations

5-1 5.3 soyuz operations

5-1 5.4 iss operations

5-1 5.4.1 on-orbit operations

5-1 5.4.2 crew complement

5-1 5.4.3 crew qualifications requirements

5-1 5.4.4 eva/evr/robotics

5-1 5.4.4.1 usos eva planning

5-1 5.4.4.2 russian eva planning

5-1 5.4.4.3 usos robotics planning

5-1 5.4.4.4 Russian Robotics Planning

5-1 5.5 crew training

5-1 5.5.1 iss crew training

5-1 5.6 soyuz crew rotation

5-1 5.6.1 indirect crew rotation with three ports

5-1 5.6.2 direct crew rotation with three ports

5-1 5.6.3 indirect crew rotation with four ports

5-1 5.6.4 direct crew rotation with four ports

5-1 5.7 shuttle crew rotation

5-1 6.0 iss transportation

6-1 6.1 guidelines

6-1 6.1.1 vehicle flight rate

6-1 6.1.2 vehicle characteristics

6-1 6.2 groundrulEs and constraints

6-1 6.2.1 vehicle traffic groundrules and constraints

6-1 6.3 assumptions

6-1 6.3.1 dry cargo delivery demanD

6-1 6.3.1.1 crew resupply

6-1 6.3.1.2 logistics and maintenance

6-1 6.3.1.3 computer supplies

6-1 6.3.1.4 eva hardware

6-1 6.3.1.5 utilization

6-1 6.3.2 propellant demand

6-1 6.3.3 water demand

6-1 6.3.4 gas demand

6-1 6.3.5 recoverable downmass demand

6-1

APPENDIX

a acronyms and abbreviations a-1 b glossary b-1 c open work c-1

TABLE

4-14.0-1 iss ports for docking/berthing

6.1.2-1 vehicle performance characteristics

6-1 6.3.1.1-1 iss crew resupply demand

6-1 6.3.1.1-2 iss strategic crew resupply demand

6-1 6.3.1.2-1 iss strategic internal and external maintenance cargo demand

6-1 6.3.1.3-1 usos strategic computer resupply demand

6-1 6.3.1.4-1 iss strategic eva resupply demand

6-1 6.3.2-1 iss strategic propellant demand

6-1 6.3.3-1 annual water demand

6-1 6.3.3-2 Water Processing systems Efficiency

6-1 6.3.3-3 iss strategic Water Recovery

6-1 6.3.3-4 iss strategic Water Resupply DEMAND (case 1)

6-1 6.3.3-5

ISS STRATEGIC WATER RESUPPLY DEMAND (CASE 2)

6-1 6.3.4-1 ISS Strategic Gas Demand

6-1 c-1 to be determined items

C-1 c-2 to be resolved items c-1

FIGURE

3-13.1-1 6-crew implementation timeline

4.0-1 iss configuration

4-1 5.1.2-1 indirect crew rotation

5-1 5.1.3-1 direct crew rotation

5-1 5.6.1-1 Indirect Crew Rotation with three Ports example

5-1 5.6.2-1 Direct Crew Rotation with three Ports example

5-1 5.6.3-1 INDIRECT CREW ROTATION WITH four PORTS example

5-1 5.6.4-1 Direct Crew Rotation with four Ports example

5-1 6.2.1-1 flight program example

6-1 6.3.2-1 iss altitiude profile example

6-1 6.3.3-1 Daily Water Balance

6-1

1.0 introduction

1.1 purpose

The purpose of this document is to compile the important assumptions, concepts, and strategic requirements used to formulate the nominal 6-Crew operations and planning guidelines for the International Space Station (ISS). This document addresses the augmentation of and reflects the nominal planning for six crewmembers on-orbit. The assumptions, guidelines, concepts, and strategic requirements within this document shall be used to develop ISS planning documentation. Any changes or exceptions implemented based on tactical requirements must be coordinated and concurred between the affected parties, recognizing that the Space Station Control Board (SSCB) is the controlling authority of the document.

1.2 scope

The scope of the ISS 6-Crew Strategic Planning Document is the ISS crew, systems, and crew/cargo vehicle operations required to implement and sustain 6-Crew on orbit. The timeframe for this document is through 2011, coinciding with National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-contracted Soyuz crew rotation services from Roscosmos. Other strategic planning information beyond 2011, such as ISS transportation resupply demands, are outside the scope of this initial release. Additional Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) vehicle flight planning and other partner elements not currently baselined in SSP 50110, Multi-Increment Manifest are under review and are outside the scope of this initial release. The Roscosmos decision to reduce from 3 to 2 Russian Segment (RS) crewmembers for any increment shall not be considered as off-nominal operations, providing all RS tasks are performed by RS resources and USOS tasks are performed by USOS resources. If there is a need for exchange of resources to the other segment, this will require separate agreements. However, variations to the number of crewmembers representing each respective segment are outside the scope of this document.

This document is written in the present tense considering a perspective of an assembled and operational ISS.

Concurrence with this document does not in any way change existing obligations or imply or create new obligations. Any compensation agreements necessary to implement the guidelines and assumptions contained herein (such as the extension of the NASA contract with Roscosmos to procure Soyuz seats) are beyond the scope of this document.

1.3 precedence

Information contained in this document shall be consistent with ISS Program documentation, including the Memorandum of Understandings (MOU), Balance of Contributions (BoC), and other higher level agreements. ISS Program documentation shall be referenced for consistency where possible. In case of conflicts between this document and SSP 50110, SSP 540XX, Increment Definition and Requirements Document For Increment X, SSP 50261-01, Generic Groundrules, Requirements, and Constraints, Part1: Strategic and Tactical Planning, SSP 50021, Safety Requirements Document or SSP 50146, NASA/RSA Bilateral S&MA Process Requirements for International Space Station, SSP 50110, SSP 540XX, SSP 50261-01, and SSP 50021 shall take precedence. SSP 50826 shall be used in conjunction with SSP 50261-01.

1.4 changes

SSP 50826 will be updated, as required, to reflect necessary changes, which should be submitted for approval to the controlling authority in accordance with the procedures defined in SSP 50123, Configuration Management Handbook.

2.0 documents

2.1 applicable documents

The following documents include specifications, models, standards, guidelines, handbooks, and other special publications. The documents listed in this paragraph are applicable to the extent specified herein. Inclusion of applicable documents herein does not in any way supersede the order of precedence identified in Paragraph 1.3 of this document.

Part 1: Strategic and Tactical Planning

SSP 50623-01

<TBD 2-1>

Joint Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) Functionality Strategy (JEFS) Document

2.2 reference documents

The following documents contain supplemental information to guide the user in the application of this document. These reference documents may or may not be specifically cited within the text of this document.

3.0 iss 6-crew implementation

The transition to steady-state 6-Crew operations is characterized by four “phases,” beginning with 3-Crew operations and the work required to prepare for 6-Crew operations. The follow-on phases are based on major assembly upgrades that affect port utilization. This plan integrates the crew, systems, and crew/cargo vehicle operations required, including: training, Extravehicular Activity (EVA), Extravehicular Robotics (EVR), Robotics, crew rotation, port utilization, and vehicle traffic. For the purpose of this document, the term United States On-orbit Segment (USOS) applies to the on-orbit elements of NASA, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), European Space Agency (ESA), and Canadian Space Agency (CSA); the term Russian Segment (RS) applies to the on-orbit elements of Roscosmos. Per the BoC, the Functional Cargo Block (FGB) is a United States (U.S.) element, technically integrated into the RS. The term USOS crew applies to the roles and responsibilities of astronauts representing NASA, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The term RS crew applies to the roles and responsibilities of cosmonauts representing Roscosmos.

3.1 iss 6-crew implementation timeline phases

Figure 3.1-1, 6-Crew Implementation Timeline, depicts an integrated conceptual timeline for 6-Crew operations which identifies the configuration phases, hardware deliveries, vehicle traffic, and available RS docking ports. Referencing Figure 3.1-1, there are four ISS timeline phases. The following paragraphs describe the timeline phases in more detail.

Phase 1 occurs during the 3-Crew operations timeframe, prior to any ISS configuration modification that affects docking port locations. This phase includes the arrival and testing of major Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) and crew habitability hardware for 6-Crew. Phase 1 also includes operations to support the docking of Mini Research Module 2 (MRM2). The first Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) flight to ISS is in this phase.

Phase 2 is initiated with the arrival of the second long duration 3-Crew complement on a Soyuz vehicle in May 2009, increasing the ISS to 6 crewmembers. Phase 2 includes delivery of remaining 6-Crew support hardware and final operations to support MRM2 docking.

Phase 3 is initiated with the arrival of the MRM2 and includes the first H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV) flight to ISS, arrival of MRM1, the arrival of Node 3, remaining Shuttle flights through Shuttle retirement, and planned Commercial Orbital Transportation (COTS) and CRS vehicles for ISS logistics support to begin in 2010.

Phase 4 begins post Shuttle retirement and includes the arrival of the Multipurpose Laboratory Module (MLM). Prior to MLM arrival, Docking Compartment 1 (DC1) will be de-orbited.

figure 3.1-1 6-crew implementation timeline

4.0 iss configuration

The configuration of the ISS is controlled by the Space Station Control Board (SSCB) in accordance with SSP 50123. Figure 4.0-1, ISS Configuration, references the ISS configuration approved at the SSCB in April 2008.

figure 4.0-1 iss configuration

The baseline ISS configuration at Assembly Complete provides four RS docking ports, two USOS docking ports, and one USOS port for berthing (e.g., Space Station Remote Manipulator System [SSRMS] assisted). Table 4.0-1, ISS Ports for Docking/Berthing, contains ISS generic port information, based on Figure 4.0-1 above.

Table 4.0-1 iss ports for docking/berthing

Planned Soyuz docked durations on Service Module (SM) aft will be evaluated to achieve Debris Avoidance Maneuvers (DAM) capabilities. Since Russian Orlan EVAs are performed from the DC1 airlock, Soyuz docked durations on DC1 will be planned accordingly. The preferred port utilization plan shall optimize for roll control given that the ISS can still perform a nominal reboost using the SM or cargo vehicle docked to the SM aft port.

4.1 iss port availability

The following paragraphs describe the port availability in detail, with respect to the four timeline phases referenced in paragraph 3.1.

During Phase 1, there are three docking ports on the RS: one at the nadir port of DC1, one at the aft port of the SM, and one at the nadir port of the FGB. Docking to FGB port shall be in compliance with Kurs operations. The Shuttle docks to the USOS at the Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA)-2.

During Phase 2, there are no configuration changes which affect port availability. Two Soyuz vehicles will nominally be docked to ISS beginning in this phase.

During Phase 3, the arrival of the MRM2 affects port availability. The MRM2 docks to the zenith port of the SM, and following its activation, the RS will have four active docking ports. Operations for activation of the MRM2 are documented in SSP 50110. The arrival of the Mini Research Module 1 (MRM1) and Node 3 also occur during this phase.

During Phase 4, DC1 will be undocked and de-orbited, making the SM nadir port available for MLM docking.

All ISS ports will be managed in such a fashion so as to maximize ongoing operations with ISS vehicles to support the planned flight rate of visiting vehicles.

5.0 concept of operations for iss 6-crew rotation

5.1 definitions for iss operations and crew rotation

The definitions in the following paragraphs are for the purpose of this document only.

5.1.1 segmented crew operations

Segmented crew operations occur when the majority of operations within a segment shall be primarily performed by crewmembers supporting that segment, as assigned by the Multilateral Crew Operations Panel (MCOP). A subset of operations in both segments will be performed by crewmembers from either segment, as determined by safety requirements. Regardless of the number of RS or USOS crewmembers, all segmented operations are the responsibility of their respective segment. Arrangements for crewmembers to perform integrated operations are subject to separate agreements.

5.1.2 Indirect Crew Rotation

Figure 5.1.2-1, Indirect Crew Rotation, demonstrates what occurs when the on-coming crewmembers arrive after the departing crewmembers have left the ISS. The ISS will operate with 3-Crew for approximately 16 days until the new crew arrives. The 16 day duration gap is nominal for planning purposes and is due to the same specialists working the Soyuz search and rescue that also work the Soyuz launch processing and can differ in actual performance. This can occur up to four times per year. The Expedition-specific handover procedure document is the source for the crew safety handover and operating segment handover content. Crew handover requirements shall be defined in SSP 50261-01. For more details on the usage of the docking ports, see paragraphs 5.6.1, Indirect Crew Rotation with Three Ports and 5.6.3, Indirect Crew Rotation with Four Ports.

figure 5.1.2-1 indirect crew rotation

5.1.3 direct crew rotation Figure 5.1.3-1, Direct Crew Rotation, demonstrates what occurs when the on-coming crewmembers arrive before the departing crewmembers have left the ISS. This results in nine crewmembers on the ISS for approximately nine days. The nine docked days is necessary for Soyuz vehicle loading and unloading, along with the time to perform handover activities. This can occur up to four times per year. The Expedition-specific handover procedure document is the source for the crew safety handover and operating segment handover content. Crew handover requirements shall be defined in SSP 50261-01. For more details on the usage of the docking ports, see paragraphs 5.6.2, Direct Crew Rotation with Three Ports and 5.6.4, Direct Crew Rotation with Four Ports.

figure 5.1.3-1 direct crew rotation

5.1.4 extravehicular activity

An EVA is an operation in which two pressure-suited crewmembers perform activities in an unpressurized environment.

5.1.5 extravehicular robotics

An EVR refers to activities in which an EVA occurs concurrently with robotics operations at the same worksite. The term EVR also refers to when an EVA crewmember is positioned on the end of the SSRMS, Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM), European Robotic Arm (ERA), or Strela.

5.1.6 robotics

A Robotics activity is an operation performed using the SSRMS, SPDM, Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) Remote Manipulator System (RMS), or ERA.

5.1.7 external hardware

External hardware refers to any cargo delivered in the Shuttle payload bay or other visiting vehicle external pallets, including pressurized elements, external spares, and utilization.

5.2 shuttle operations

Shuttle delivers assembly, logistics, and utilization hardware to support ISS, along with water, gas, and pre-positioned spares. Shuttle can be used to rotate up to 3 ISS crewmembers. NASA is planning to retire the Shuttle fleet in the year 2010.

5.3 soyuz operations

Nominally, as a rule, each Soyuz shall be commanded by a Russian cosmonaut trained as a Soyuz Commander; therefore, at least 2 Russian crewmembers will be onboard the ISS when two Soyuz vehicles are docked to ISS. In addition, each Soyuz shall have at least one crewmember trained as a Soyuz flight engineer. The Soyuz can be used to rotate up to 3 ISS crewmembers and as a rescue vehicle. The seat liners and Sokol suits for each crewmember shall be located in their returning Soyuz vehicle to protect for emergency return. The conditions for providing Soyuz services for the USOS crewmembers shall be stipulated in executive agreements and/or contracts between Roscosmos and NASA.

5.4 iss operations

The technical strategy for USOS regenerative ECLSS and habitability hardware and RSOS ECLSS and habitability hardware operations on-orbit will be defined in SSP 50623-01, Joint ECLS Functionality Strategy (JEFS) Document <TBD 2-1>.

5.4.1 on-orbit operations

Daily operations on the ISS will nominally be planned as single-shift segmented crew operations. Exceptions will be addressed on an as-needed basis, based on tactical planning requirements. An example of an exception is a planned activity in support of medical operation requirements and its associated hardware, which is performed for the entire ISS crews as a single-shift integrated crew operation.

USOS Regenerative ECLSS and habitability hardware shall be delivered prior to the 6-Crew timeframe. Regenerative ECLSS hardware includes the Oxygen Generator System (OGS) and the Water Recovery System (WRS). Support hardware for the Regenerative ECLSS system includes a set of fluid hoses, the Total Organic Carbon Analyzer 2 (TOCA 2), and the Water Micro Kit. Habitability hardware includes the Waste and Hygiene Compartment (WHC), Crew Quarters, Galley (Potable Water Dispenser, food warmer, MERLIN refrigerator), and Treadmill-2. The activations and checkouts of the integrated Regenerative ECLSS and habitability system will require up to 6-months of operational time on-orbit prior to 6-Crew habitation. The on-orbit interior configuration and rack relocations required to support 6-Crew operations are documented in SSP 50564, ISS Interior Volume Configuration Document.

Respective back-up operations of RS and USOS ECLSS systems as necessary is expected and will be documented in SSP 50623. The parties agree to plan medical operations in an integrated fashion to the greatest extent possible, providing that there is no imbalance in resources provided by each party. If such an imbalance exists, then separate agreements shall be required.

5.4.2 crew complement

The ISS 6-Crew complement will nominally be comprised of one ISS Commander and five flight engineers. The MCOP is responsible for determining the ISS crew complement. The planned on-orbit duration of each crew is 6-months. There shall be at least one U.S. and one Russian crewmember onboard at all times. Generally, the ISS crew complement shall consist of three USOS crewmembers and three RS crewmembers. The USOS crew of three shall consist of at least one U.S. astronaut and may include astronauts from JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The RS crew of three may consist of three cosmonauts upon determination of Russian party. ISS crewmember assignments will be mutually agreed to per established processes.

The ISS Commander assignment shall be determined by the MCOP. The ISS Commander will be either a Roscosmos cosmonaut or a USOS astronaut (which includes astronauts from NASA, JAXA, ESA, or CSA).

As described in paragraph 5.4.3, Crew Qualifications Requirements, there are subcategories within the 6-Crew operations for both USOS and RS assignments. Moreover, within the 6-Crew complement, there shall be segment-specific operating responsibilities that will be captured in a generic Crew Qualification Requirements Matrix (CQRM) for 6-Crew operations.

5.4.3 crew qualifications requirements

All crewmembers shall be qualified to perform emergency response activities. Based on the crewmember’s assignment, the crewmembers shall be qualified at the necessary level of technical training (i.e., system user, operator, or specialist) for system and utilization operations on the ISS.

To appropriately distribute crew qualifications for 6 crewmembers, the following factors shall be taken into account:

NOTE: Shall protect for a return to 3-Crew operations in event of an off nominal situation, except for nominal EVA, EVR, and Robotics operations.

During nominal 6-Crew operations, each crewmember shall be qualified for Increment-specific and generic tasks under the following planning guidelines:

A.

At least one USOS and one RS ISS core system specialist required on-orbit at all times to perform nominal and off-nominal system operations. In order to meet this requirement, there shall be one USOS and one RS core system specialist on each Soyuz to protect for a return to 3-Crew operations. There will be two USOS core system specialists and two RS core system specialists on-orbit during nominal 6-Crew operations. For each respective segment, one crewmember will be responsible for segment handover during crew rotation.

B.

At least one SSRMS robotics specialist is required on-orbit at all times.

C.

At least two Crew Medical Officers (CMO) on-orbit at all times, resulting in two CMOs on each Soyuz to protect for a return to 3-Crew operations.

D.

At least one specialist per payload on-orbit at all times for a pre-determined set of USOS payloads operated during an Increment. This set of payloads shall be defined in the SSP 540XX for each Increment.

E.

At least one specialist per payload on-orbit at all times for a pre-determined set of RS payloads operated during an Increment. This set of payloads shall be defined in the SSP 540XX for each Increment.

F.

At least two USOS Extravehicular Maneuvering Unit (EMU) EVA specialists and two RS Orlan EVA specialists on-orbit during nominal 6-Crew operations.

1.

It is currently assumed that EMU or Orlan EVA capability does not have to be maintained during indirect crew rotation periods.

G.

At least one USOS JEM RMS robotics specialist and one USOS JEM RMS operator on-orbit during nominal 6-Crew operations. Availability of a JEM RMS robotics specialist during indirect crew rotation periods will depend on the training requirements and implementation plan.

H.

The number of SPDM specialists on-orbit will be determined based on operations requirements.

I.

At least two ATV specialists for any Increment that includes an ATV docking or undocking. At least one ATV specialist for any Increment that includes an attached ATV. Separate agreements between the affected partners for performance of ATV docking and undocking operations are required.

J.

At least two SSRMS qualified crewmembers will be assigned to perform HTV rendezvous and track and capture operations for an Increment that could include an HTV arrival or departure. There will be at least one HTV system specialist for any increment that includes an attached HTV.

1.

HTV operators/specialists will be USOS crewmembers.

2.

RS crewmembers will not be assigned to HTV operations.

K.

At least one Progress vehicle Teleoperator Control System (TORU) specialist is required on-orbit at all times. There will be two TORU specialists on-orbit during nominal 6-Crew operations.

1.

Progress vehicle TORU specialists will be RS crewmembers.

2.

USOS crewmembers will not be assigned to perform TORU operations.

5.4.4 eva/evr/robotics

EVA opportunities may exist for USOS astronauts to participate in RS Orlan EVAs and RS cosmonauts to participate in USOS EMU EVAs; however, such EVAs shall require separate agreements. Opportunities for RS cosmonauts participation in USOS Robotic activities and USOS astronauts participation in RS Robotic activities may exist; however, such robotic activities shall require separate agreements.

5.4.4.1 usos eva planning

The plan for training and performing USOS EVAs will remain the responsibility of NASA. The baseline plan during the 6-Crew timeframe is to manifest hardware for and train 2 USOS crewmembers to perform EMU EVAs. The third USOS crewmember shall provide pre/post EVA support, in addition to serving as the prime Mobile Servicing System (MSS) robotics operator (M1) for tasks requiring EVR support. Ground Intravehicular (IV) support will be utilized for real-time EVA support.

5.4.4.2 russian eva planning

The plan for training and performing RS EVAs will remain the responsibility of Roscosmos. The baseline plan during the 6-Crew timeframe is to manifest hardware for and train 2 RS crewmembers to perform Orlan EVAs.

5.4.4.3 usos robotics planning The plan for training and performing USOS robotics will remain the responsibility of NASA, CSA, and JAXA. The baseline plan during the 6-Crew timeframe is to train at least one crewmember as an SSRMS specialist to perform USOS robotic operations.

5.4.4.4 Russian Robotics Planning

The plan for training and performing RS robotics will remain the responsibility of Roscosmos. During nominal 6-Crew operations, two RS crewmembers will be trained to operate the ERA during EVA from the Russian Segment. One crewmember will operate the ERA from the control panel located inside the SM, and the other crewmember, who is performing the EVA, will operate the ERA from the exterior control panel.

Strela is a cargo boom utilized during Orlan EVAs. It is operated by one EVA crewmember while the second EVA crewmember is attached to the other end and maneuvered into position for a task. The baseline plan during the 6-Crew timeframe is to train both RS Orlan EVA specialists on the use of Strela.

5.5 crew training

It is desirable to minimize travel requirements for crews to be trained, therefore the training communities will use their best effort to conduct as much training as possible at the crewmembers’ home sites.

5.5.1 iss crew training

The ISS 6-Crew shall perform segmented operations. Although cosmonauts will be fully trained as operators or specialists on the RS and astronauts as operators or specialists on the USOS, each crewmember will be trained to a user qualification level on the non-native segment. Crewmembers will be assigned to a user, operator, or specialist qualification level for each system as defined in accordance with SSP 50200-09, Station Program Implementation Plan, Volume IX: Real Time Operations. All crewmembers shall be qualified to the operator level for emergency response in both segments. For utilization, all crewmembers will be trained to a minimum familiarization and safety level of training (Payload Complement Training) on all onboard USOS and RS payloads, including the ISS Commander. Crewmembers will be assigned as user, operator, specialist or subject qualification level for appropriately tasked payloads in accordance with SSP 50200-09.

5.6 soyuz crew rotation

Soyuz crew rotation options depend on the number of available RS docking ports and the vehicle transportation plan. Starting with Phase 2, Soyuz crew rotation will be planned. Soyuz crew rotation occurs with a mixed crew complement, where at least one US astronaut and one RS cosmonaut are delivered on the same Soyuz vehicle. It is understood that Russian side can designate an experienced or inexperienced Soyuz commander upon it’s discretion. Crew rotation is planned to occur every 2- and 4- months, using four Soyuz vehicles per year. Soyuz launch dates are baselined in SSP 50110. For direct crew rotation, the crew handover is face-to-face and the period is 9 docked days. For indirect crew rotation, the departing crew will utilize the 3-Crew remaining onboard to accomplish their handover requirements for the newly arriving crew.

5.6.1 indirect crew rotation with three ports

With three available RS docking ports on ISS, indirect crew rotation is nominal for planning purposes during 6-Crew operations. Figure 5.6.1-1, Indirect Crew Rotation with Three Ports Example, demonstrates this rotation scenario.

Figure 5.6.1-1 Indirect Crew Rotation with three Ports example With indirect crew rotation and three ports, ISS will maintain continuous DAM capability provided that a Soyuz may only dock to the SM aft port if a Progress is docked to the DC1 port. In this scenario, a Soyuz relocation would be required before a nominal reboost can be performed.

Indirect crew rotation with three ports results in no direct, face-to-face, on-orbit handover between departing and arriving crewmembers. In an off-nominal situation, when there is a system failure, flexibility to respond with this type of rotation is potentially limited due to a loss of nominal EVA, EVR, and Robotics capability until the arriving crewmembers are onboard ISS. During RS EVAs performed out of the DC1 airlock, when a Soyuz vehicle is docked to DC1, 1 crewmember must remain in the Soyuz vehicle docked to DC1 to ensure they are not isolated from their escape vehicle. In this scenario, the Individual Equipment Liner Kits (IELKs) of the EVA crewmembers must be in the Soyuz docked to DC1. In addition, indirect crew rotation with three ports leads to the lack of a Progress vehicle docked to DC1, resulting in less efficient roll control.

5.6.2 direct crew rotation with three ports

Direct crew rotation with three ports is possible, but technically and operationally complex. With three available RS docking ports on ISS, direct crew rotation would require three Soyuz vehicles to be docked to the ISS during the crew rotation period. Prior to Soyuz arrival with the on-coming crewmembers, the plan would be to either de-orbit or station-keep the Progress or ATV. Once the departing crewmember’s vehicle de-orbits, the Progress or ATV in station-keep would then re-dock to the ISS. This rotation scenario is demonstrated below in Figure 5.6.2-1, Direct Crew Rotation with Three Ports Example.

Figure 5.6.2-1 Direct Crew Rotation with three Ports example With this type of rotation, direct, face-to-face, on-orbit handover between departing and arriving crewmembers would occur. Direct crew rotation would also allow for science experiments to be performed soon after Soyuz launch with immediate return of those unconditioned or limited life samples.

As a result of three Soyuz vehicles being docked at once, approximately 1-month without DAM capability would exist when a Soyuz vehicle is docked to SM Aft port before relocation.

Direct crew rotation with three ports would result in a reduction in the number and/or docked duration of Progress vehicles and ATV. In addition, since Progress and ATV resupply gas is bled directly into the ISS cabin atmosphere and must be used while the vehicle is docked to ISS, there would be limited opportunity for use of the resupply gas because of the shorter docked duration.

Direct crew rotation with three ports would require Soyuz vehicle relocations for each crew rotation in order to minimize the amount of time a Soyuz is docked to SM aft. Soyuz relocations add complexity to port utilization and are approximately a 60-hour impact to crew time per occurrence. During RS EVAs performed out of the DC1 airlock, when a Soyuz vehicle is docked to DC1, 1 crewmember must remain in the Soyuz vehicle docked to DC1 to ensure they are not isolated from their escape vehicle. In this scenario, the IELKs of the EVA crewmembers must be in the Soyuz docked to DC1.

Direct crew rotation would result in increased available crew time, but would also increase the resupply demand to support the crew rotation periods.

5.6.3 indirect crew rotation with four ports

With four available RS docking ports on ISS, indirect crew rotation is nominal for planning purposes. With an indirect crew rotation, one Soyuz vehicle and two logistics vehicles (Progress or ATV) are docked to the ISS during the crew rotation period. Figure 5.6.3-1, Indirect Crew Rotation with Four Ports Example, demonstrates this rotation scenario.

FIGURE 5.6.3-1 INDIRECT CREW ROTATION WITH four PORTS example With indirect crew rotation and four ports, ISS will maintain continuous DAM capability, and will experience a propellant savings with more efficient roll control. With this type of rotation, there is no requirement for Soyuz vehicle relocations. Soyuz vehicles will nominally dock to MRM1 and MRM2.

Indirect crew rotation with four ports results in no direct, face-to-face, on-orbit handover between departing and arriving crewmembers. In an off-nominal situation, when there is a system failure, flexibility to respond with this type of rotation is potentially limited due to a loss of nominal EVA, EVR, and Robotics capability until the arriving crewmembers are onboard ISS. During RS EVAs performed out of the DC1 airlock, 1 crewmember must remain in the Soyuz vehicle docked to MRM2 to ensure they are not isolated from their escape vehicle. In this scenario the IELKs of the EVA crewmembers must be in the Soyuz docked to MRM2. After MLM arrival, 1 crewmember must remain in the MLM common volume during RS EVAs performed out of the MRM2 airlock to ensure they are not isolated from their escape vehicle, since this crewmember’s Soyuz vehicle is docked to MLM. In this scenario, the IELKs of the EVA crewmembers must be in the Soyuz docked to MLM.

In addition, indirect crew rotation with four ports leads to a constant presence of two logistics vehicles (Progress or ATV) for longer docked durations. With two Progress vehicles docked to ISS, one would be used for trash and the other for stowing transfer cargo, with a stowage volume of 4 cubic meters.

5.6.4 direct crew rotation with four ports

With four available RS docking ports on ISS, direct crew rotation is an option. This scenario would result in three Soyuz vehicles and one logistics vehicle (Progress or ATV) docked to the ISS during the crew rotation period. This rotation scenario is demonstrated below in Figure 5.6.4-1, Direct Crew Rotation with Four Ports Example.

Figure 5.6.4-1 Direct Crew Rotation with four Ports example With this type of rotation, direct face-to-face, on-orbit handover between departing and arriving crewmembers would occur. Direct crew rotation would also allow for science experiments to be performed soon after Soyuz launch with immediate return of those unconditioned or limited life samples.

With direct crew rotation and four ports, when Soyuz is docked to the SM aft port, ISS will maintain limited DAM capability provided by Progress docked to the DC1 or MRM2 port. In this scenario, a Soyuz relocation would be required before a nominal reboost can be performed.

Prior to MLM arrival, efficient roll control can be achieved by maintaining a Progress on DC1 or MRM2.

Direct crew rotation with four ports would require Soyuz vehicle relocations for each crew rotation in order to minimize the duration that Soyuz vehicles are docked to SM aft and either DC1 or MRM2. During RS EVAs performed out of the DC1 airlock, 1 crewmember must remain in the Soyuz vehicle docked to MRM2 to ensure they are not isolated from their escape vehicle. In this scenario the IELKs of the EVA crewmembers must be in the Soyuz docked to MRM2. After MLM arrival, 1 crewmember must remain in the MLM common volume during RS EVAs performed out of the MRM2 airlock to ensure they are not isolated from their escape vehicle, since this crewmember’s Soyuz vehicle is docked to MLM. In this scenario, the IELKs of the EVA crewmembers must be in the Soyuz docked to MLM.

Direct crew rotation would result in increased available crew time, but would also increase the resupply demand to support the crew rotation periods.

5.7 shuttle crew rotation The Shuttle can rotate up to three ISS crewmembers. Shuttle crew rotation may occur in the 6-Crew timeframe until Shuttle retirement in 2010.

6.0 iss transportation

This section contains integrated programmatic guidelines, constraints, vehicle characteristics, and resupply demand, along with the associated assumptions for 6-Crew operations. The resupply demand encompasses dry cargo, propellant, water, and gas. This document only provides transportation assumptions and demand for planning purposes. The delivery capability will be worked through the strategic planning process. It is understood that given the demands in the subsequent sections and the assumed flight rate shown, ISS (USOS and RS) resupply shortfalls exist.

6.1 guidelines

The documented guidelines that encompass the transportation section include SSP 50261-01 and the latest revision of the ISS Strategic Flight Plan as documented in SSP 50110.

Following the ISS augmentation to 6-Crew on-orbit, each segment will support the necessary requirements of cargo for their respective elements and crew.

The ISS Transportation analysis is derived by using the number of crew on-orbit to calculate consumable and crew resupply demand based on daily usage rates. During the 6-Crew timeframe, 6 total ISS crew for 365 days per year is assumed. The transportation strategy ensures that crew supplies are positioned and phased appropriately at the start of the 6-Crew augmentation period.

6.1.1 vehicle flight rate

The vehicle flight rates are based on the SSP 50110 and are consistent with the BoC and addenda, contract NAS15-10110, and preliminary CEV and CRS planning information.

NASA-contracted services from Roscosmos include the following:

A.

USOS Soyuz Crew rotations for 15 crewmembers: six delivery and three return in 2009, six delivery and six return in 2010, and three delivery and six return in 2011.

B.

Delivery and removal of 5.6 metric tons of USOS cargo contracted by NASA from Roscosmos.

C.

1.4 metric tons of USOS cargo upmass delivery capability in the MRM1 contracted by NASA from Roscosmos.

6.1.2 vehicle characteristics

Table 6.1.2-1, Vehicle Performance Characteristics, shows ISS visiting vehicle performance characteristics. The intent of the table is to show the maximum capability for each cargo category. Specific vehicle loading for the various cargo categories varies by what is actually manifested and overall vehicle performance capability. There are several ways to load each vehicle, with each category (dry cargo, water, gas, and propellant) having a mass or volume limit. Moreover, each vehicle has a performance limit that cannot be exceeded. Table 6.1.2-1 includes current and projected vehicles that resupply the ISS, including Progress, Shuttle, Soyuz, HTV, and ATV. These quantities are used for strategic planning; actual quantities may vary. CRS is anticipated to become operational within the timeframe of this document, however specific capabilities are undetermined at this time. Information included in Table 6.1.2-1 represents the maximum annual requirements that will be contracted for under CRS. Specific vehicle capabilities will be provided after contract award.

table 6.1.2-1 vehicle performance characteristics

(All values are useable cargo and do not include packing, Flight Support Equipment (FSE), and accommodations unless otherwise noted.)

Min 860 kg depending on ISS altitude

Min 2060 kg reboost Not applicable

1600 kg maximum

840 kg maximum waste fluid

6.6 m3 maximum

20.6 m3 maximum pressurized volume

400 kg waste fluid

*The current operations plan for HTV is to fly water in CWCs. This provides the flexibility to exchange water for dry cargo and vice versa. Water is assumed to have a similar packing factor to that of dry cargo. NASA assumes 85% usable cargo per Cargo Transfer Bag Equivalent (CTBE) for planning purposes.

**Progress flight rate may increase during peak solar activity in order to meet propellant demands.

***Maximum customer cargo including racks, based on ATV and HTV specifications.

****CRS vehicle capabilities are based on the maximum annual transportation mass to be contracted. The specific number of vehicles to support the CRS transportation requirement is undetermined.

† ATV maximum pressurized usable cargo is based on 8 MO1 bags and 8 racks.

†† CRS maximum overall cargo includes internal customer cargo and external useable cargo capability.

6.2 groundrulEs and constraints

Paragraph 6.2 documents transportation groundrules and constraints reflected in the latest revision of SSP 50261-01.

Applicable vehicle traffic and scheduling groundrules and constraints are documented in paragraph 3.1 of the latest revision of SSP 50261-01. Moreover, vehicle traffic rules specific to the first flight of the ATV (ATV1) are documented in Appendix H of the latest revision of SSP 50261-01.

6.2.1 vehicle traffic groundrules and constraints

The transportation traffic assumptions, groundrules, and constraints listed below are used to build the strategic flight program.

A.

Crew rotation with 3-Crew on Soyuz vehicles every 2- and 4-months, starting in May 2009.

B.

Space Shuttle retired no later than September 2010.

C.

Minimum of 30 days between Progress launches.

D.

Minimum of 60 days between Soyuz launches.

E.

Minimum of 1-month Progress docked duration.

F.

Four Soyuz vehicles per year from 2009 through 2011. USOS Soyuz seats have only been procured through partial calendar year 2011 (3 delivery and 6 return in 2011).

G.

Nominal ATV on-orbit docked duration of 3- to 6-months. Launch dates through 2011 are based on SSP 50110.

H.

Demonstration HTV (HTV1) in 2009.

I.

HTV on-orbit docked duration of up to 30 days. Launch dates through 2011 are based on SSP 50110.

Figure 6.2.1-1, Flight Program Figure Example, shows an example of a Flight Program Figure that implements the above guidelines. The baselined Flight Program Figures can be found in SSP 50110.

figure 6.2.1-1 flight program figure example

6.3 assumptions

Paragraph 6.3 documents transportation assumptions for delivery demand for dry cargo, propellant, water, and gas, as well as recoverable downmass demand. The demand in the following sections are reviewed in strategic planning meetings and are presented multi-laterally. The demands for each category are provided by the relevant data owners.

6.3.1 dry cargo delivery demanD Dry cargo includes crew resupply, logistics and maintenance, EVA hardware, and utilization. Each of the dry cargo categories are discussed in further detail.

6.3.1.1 crew resupply

The USOS crew resupply demand consists of USOS crew provisions and preference items, food, hygiene, health, hardware consumables, and photo/TV equipment items as identified in Table 6.3.1.1-1, ISS Crew Resupply Demand. The crew provisions category includes items such as clothing, workstation supplies, personal hygiene, and housekeeping supplies.

The RS life support cargo demand consists of food, RS crew provisions, and consumables and Life Support (LS) spares. RS crew provisions include items such as clothing and hygiene.

The USOS and RS crew resupply demand in kilograms per crew per day are shown in Table 6.3.1.1-1. USOS numbers for crew provisions and hardware consumables are based on 2007 usage rates.

table 6.3.1.1-1 iss crew resupply demand

Annual crew resupply demands are calculated based on the size of the ISS crew throughout the year. The crew resupply demands for 2009 account for the number of days where ISS will operate with 3- and 6-Crew, including an increased crew resupply skip cycle required to support the 3- to 6-Crew size augment and early delivery of hardware consumables. Skip cycle requirements will be defined in SSP 50261-01 . Additionally, during the first increment that ISS is at 6-Crew, the USOS crew size will be four and the RS crew size will be two per Modification 170 of contract NAS15-10110. Annual strategic crew resupply demand for the USOS and RS are listed below in Table 6.3.1.1-2, ISS Strategic Crew Resupply Demand. Six total ISS crew for 365 days per year is assumed for Table 6.3.1.1-2.

table 6.3.1.1-2 iss strategic crew resupply demand

6.3.1.2 logistics and maintenance

The USOS logistics and maintenance demand consists of internal and external cargo, which includes preventative maintenance spares, corrective maintenance spares, pre-positioned spares, external consumables, and batteries. Preventative maintenance cargo includes equipment required for routine planned maintenance tasks that sustain operations of critical systems on ISS. Corrective maintenance cargo includes hardware required for replacement of failed equipment. The corrective maintenance cargo demand is based on projected failures for both internal and external systems. Furthermore, in order to reduce the risk of losing essential ISS functions, critical orbital replacement units are planned to be pre-positioned prior to Shuttle retirement. Pre-positioning critical external hardware is essential in maintaining the ISS due to limited external resupply capability post Shuttle retirement.

The RS logistics and maintenance demand includes hardware spares for the FGB, SM, MRM2, MRM1, and MLM. RS LS spares are not included in the RS logistics and maintenance demand; RS LS spares are accounted for in RS life support cargo. RS logistics and maintenance demand includes computer resupply for the RS.

Table 6.3.1.2-1, ISS Strategic Internal and External Maintenance Cargo Demand, shows the annual projections for the internal and external maintenance cargo for NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The demand represents usable cargo only. Accommodations and flight support equipment are not included in the table.

table 6.3.1.2-1 iss strategic internal and external maintenance cargo demand

6.3.1.3 computer supplies

The USOS computer resupply delivery demand includes all laptops, printers, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), Wireless Application Protocols (WAP), and associated cables needed on ISS.