Bridge_Inspection_Report_5460-014P_Wye_Bridge.pdf

BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT

WYE BRIDGE

TOWNSEND ENTRANCE OVER LAUREL CREEK AND MIDDLE PRONG

GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK

LS

STRUCTURE NO. 5460-014P

INSPECTION TYPE: ROUTINE

INSPECTION DATE: 5/12/14

Report prepared by: WU

Federal Highway Administration Federal Lands Bridge Office Bridge Inspection and Management Program 21400 Ridgetop Circle Sterling, Virginia 20166 http://www.efl.fhwa.dot.gov/FLHBO/BIP http://www.efl.fhwa.dot.gov/FLHBO/BIP

STRUCTURE SUMMARY STRUCTURE NO. 5460-014P

WYE BRIDGE INSPECTION DATE: 5/12/14

BRIDGE IDENTIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION

MAIN SPAN MATERIAL:

MAIN SPAN TYPE:

# OF BEAMS, MAIN SPAN: ..

DECK TYPE:

WEARING SURFACE:

ABUT. FOUNDATIONS:

PIER FOUNDATION(S):

ABUTMENT / PIER MAT'L: ...

PROJ./PLAN REF. NO:

NPS ROAD CLASS:

STRUCTURE HISTORY:

CONCRETE

ARCH - DECK

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

SPREAD FTG ON BEARING MAT'L

N/A

CONCRETE

3C2, 3B15 / 2487A

1 - PRINCIPAL PARK ROAD

NO. OF MAIN SPANS:

NO. OF APPR. SPANS:

STRUCT. TOTAL LENGTH: ..

MAX. SPAN LENGTH:

DECK WIDTH:

CURB TO CURB WIDTH:

YEAR BUILT:

YEAR RECONSTRUCTED: ..

SKEW ANGLE:

FRACTURE CRITICAL:

89.8 FT (27.4 M)

89.8 FT (27.4 M)

35.0 FT (10.7 M)

27.2 FT (8.3 M)

N/A

0 °

NO

LOCATION

GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK MILE POINT: ..................... 0.04 (KM PT 0.06)

STATE: ................................. TENNESSEE LOCATION: 0.1 MI TO NPS RTE. 14

FACILITY CARRIED: ............ TOWNSEND ENTRANCE

FEATURE INTERSECTED: .. LAUREL CREEK AND MIDDLE PRONG

STRUCTURE EVALUATION SUMMARY

This concrete arch bridge is in good condition overall. Problems include a 20" drop off at the southeast corner sidewalk end, undermining of the south approach pavement, scour at the north abutment, differential settlement (up to 1") at the northeast sidewalk transition, deteriorated pavement markings, dislodged and cracked expansion joint seal and missing object markers at the bridge corners.

Corrective measures should be taken as outlined in this report to prevent the possible development of more serious or costly problems in the future. In addition, consideration should be given to raising the east parapet to meet current height standards.

INSPECTION TEAM: W. ROBIN, B. CARPER (GANNETT FLEMING).

CONDITION ASSESSMENT:

WIL ROBIN, P.E., FIELD TEAM LEADER

REPORT REVIEW :

MARCUS MILLER, P.E., SENIOR INSPECTION ENGINEER 703-404-6252

REPORT APPROVAL: DATE: 9/30/14

JORGOMAI CEESAY, PH.D., P.E., BIP SUPERVISORY ENGINEER 703-404-6244

RECOMMENDATIONS AND ESTIMATED COSTS STRUCTURE NO. 5460-014P

A (Critical) - Structure is closed, in imminent danger of collapse, or presents a critical safety hazard.

B (Major) - Structure is seriously deficient or presents a safety hazard, but can remain in service at reduced loads or with frequent inspections.

C (Moderate) - Structure is deficient, functionally obsolete, or requires substantial repairs to prevent a serious deficiency or unsafe condition.

D (Minor) - Structure is generally in good condition. Preventative maintenance may be required.

E (Special) - Structure is under construction or reconstruction.

D226 PRIORITY OF IMPROVEMENT

ITEM

NO.

MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS

(GENERALLY NOT FLHP ELIGIBLE)

QTY. UNIT COST

UNIT

ESTIMATE

COST

PRELIM.

60.9 REPAIR SCOUR AT NORTH ABUTMENT WITH ENGINEERED RIPRAP. 10 CY

58.10, 222.9

REPAINT PAVEMENT STRIPING ON BRIDGE AND APPROACHES. 120 LF

58.5 FILL AND STABILIZE DROP-OFF OF SIDEWALK AT SOUTHEAST CORNER. 3 CY

222.5 FILL AND STABILIZE UNDERMINING OF APPROACH PAVEMENT AT SOUTH

APPROACH.

1 LS

222.9 REPAVE TRANSITION IN SIDEWALK AT NORTHEAST CORNER OF BRIDGE. 1 LS

PRELIM. MAINTENANCE TOTAL :

ITEM

NO.

REHABILITATION/RECONSTRUCTION

(TYPICALLY NEEDED WITHIN 5 YEARS)

QTY. UNIT

UNIT

COST ESTIMATES

PRELIM. COST

REHAB. RECONSTR.

PRELIM. REHABILITATION/RECONSTRUCTION TOTAL :

COST ESTIMATE SUMMARY

PRELIM. MAINTENANCE TOTAL:

PRELIM. REHABILITATION TOTAL:

PRELIM. RECONSTRUCTION TOTAL: ..

TOTAL ITEMIZED COSTS:

PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE TOTAL* :

(*Includes typical contract costs for mobilization, traffic control, and design/construction engineering; but does not include detour bridges, work beyond the bridge limits, or work not listed above. Estimates are approximate and are for preliminary planning purposes only; they should not be used as a complete or final engineers estimate.)

REMARKS: Cost estimates assume that recommended actions will be combined with similar work being performed on other structures.

FIELD INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. 5460-014P

CONDITION RATING CODES FOR ITEMS 58 - 62, 222, 223

N NOT APPLICABLE

9 EXCELLENT CONDITION

8 VERY GOOD CONDITION - no problems noted.

7 GOOD CONDITION - some minor problems.

6 SATISFACTORY CONDITION - structural elements show some minor deterioration.

5 FAIR CONDITION - all primary structural elements are sound but may have minor section loss, cracking, spalling, or scour.

4 POOR CONDITION - advanced section loss, deterioration, spalling, or scour.

3 SERIOUS CONDITION - loss of section, deterioration, spalling, or scour have seriously affected primary structural components. Local failures are possible.

Fatigue cracks in steel or shear cracks in concrete may be present.

2 CRITICAL CONDITION - advanced deterioration of primary structural elements. Fatigue cracks in steel or shear cracks in concrete may be present or scour may have removed substructure support. Unless closely monitored it may be necessary to close the structure until corrective action can be taken.

1 “IMMINENT” FAILURE CONDITION - major deterioration or section loss present in critical structural components or obvious vertical or horizontal movement affecting structure stability. Structure is closed to traffic but corrective action may return structure to light service.

0 FAILED CONDITION - out of service; beyond corrective action.

CONDITION RATING CODE EQUIVALENTS FOR SUB-ELEMENTS

G = GOOD (CODES 7 - 9) F = FAIR (CODES 5 - 6) P = POOR (CODES 0 - 4)

58. DECK N

DECK SLAB 1. N

EXPANSION JOINTS2. F 58.2, 60.8

WEARING SURFACE3. G

RIDEABILITY 4. G

CURBS, SIDEWALKS, AND MEDIAN 5. F

DRAINS AND DRAINAGE

PARAPETS AND/OR RAILINGS6.

7.

F G

58.3,10, 222.9

UTILITIES8. N

DEFLECTION AND/OR VIBRATION9. N

OTHER 10. (PAVEMENT MARKINGS)

59. SUPERSTRUCTURE 7

N 58.5

BEARING DEVICES1. N

GIRDERS OR BEAMS2. N

ARCH(ES) OR SLAB(S)3. G

TRUSSES

FLOOR BEAMS AND STRINGERS

5.

4. N

N 58.6

DIAPHRAGMS AND BRACING6. N

7. PAINT N

FASCIA(E)8. N

DEFLECTION AND/OR VIBRATION9. G 59.3

ALIGNMENT 10. G

OTHER 11. N

60. SUBSTRUCTURE 7

ABUTMENTS

PILE BENTS

BREASTWALLS OR COLUMNS

2.

1. N

N 60.1

CAPS AND/OR BEARING SEATS3. N

BACKWALLS AND/OR BULKHEADS4. N

WINGWALLS

FOUNDATIONS

6.

5. N

G 60.6

WEEP HOLES7. F

EXPANSION JOINTS8. G

SETTLEMENT OR DEFLECTION

EROSION AND/OR SCOUR

10.

9. F

G 60.6,9

SLOPE PROTECTION11. N

OTHER 12. N

PIER(S)

WALLS AND/OR COLUMNS 13. N 60.7

PILE BENTS14. N

CAPS AND/OR BEARING SEATS15. N

FOUNDATIONS16. N

EROSION AND/OR SCOUR17. N 60.8

SETTLEMENT OR DEFLECTION18. N

OTHER 19. N

ITEM REFERENCE AND REMARKS

CRACKING AND OPENINGS IN EXPANSION JOINT SEAL.

DETERIORATED PAVEMENT MARKINGS.

MINOR TRANSVERSE CRACKING ON SIDEWALK. MINOR

VEGETATION GROWTH IN JOINT BETWEEN SIDEWALK AND

PARAPET. UP TO 20" DROP-OFF AT SOUTH END OF SIDEWALK.

MINOR CRACKING ALONG WEST CURB. MINOR DEBRIS

ACCUMULATION ALONG CURBLINES.

MINOR CRACKING OF PARAPET JOINTS; MODERATE CRACKING IN

SEVERAL LOCATIONS.

MINOR CRACKING AND EFFLORESCENCE ALONG CONSTRUCTION

JOINTS ON CONCRETE ARCH UNDERSIDE; MODERATE AT ENDS OF

ARCH. MODERATE EFFLORESCENCE ON MASONRY FASCIA RING

STONES. MINOR CRACKING WITH EFFLORESCENCE OF MORTAR

JOINTS IN SPANDREL WALLS.

MINOR SCALING ON CONCRETE AT BASE OF NORTH ABUTMENT

DUE TO STREAM FLOW.

MINOR TO MODERATE DETERIORATION OF MORTAR JOINTS;

EFFLORESCENCE AND MINOR VEGETATION GROWTH ON

WINGWALLS.

MODERATE EROSION ALONG SOUTHWEST WINGWALL.

WEEP HOLE LINING RUSTED WITH MINOR SPALLING AT EACH HOLE

ON ABUTMENTS, AND PARTIALLY BLOCKED WITH DEBRIS.

MINOR TO MODERATE DETERIORATION OF JOINT SEALER IN

VERTICAL JOINTS, ESPECIALLY IN PARAPETS.

FIELD INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. 5460-014P

ITEM REFERENCE AND REMARKS

STREAM BED COMPOSITION : 9.

AVERAGE CLEAR OPENING 8.

NORMAL VELOCITY 7.

ADEQUACY OF OPENING 6.

OTHER 5.

WATERWAY OBSTRUCTIONS 4.

CHANNEL PROTECTION3.

EROSION AND/OR SCOUR2.

ALIGNMENT1.

61. CHANNEL 6

F G G G N

MED

SUFF

15 FT.

STONES, BOULDERS

222. APPROACHES 7

OTHER 9.

ALIGNMENT 8.

SIGNS7.

SETTLEMENT 6.

EROSION5.

SURFACING4.

APPROACH GUARDRAIL 3.

2. RELIEF JOINTS

APPROACH SLABS1.

(SIDEWALK TRANSITION)

N N N G F G N G N

223. RETAINING WALL N

OTHER 6.

SETTLEMENT OR DEFLECTION5.

EROSION AND/OR SCOUR4.

FOUNDATION3.

WEEP HOLES2.

1. WALL

36. TRAFFIC AND SAFETY FEATURES

APPROACH GUARDRAIL ENDSD.

APPROACH GUARDRAILSC.

TRANSITIONSB.

BRIDGE RAILINGSA. 0

N N N

60.9 SCOUR HAS EXPOSED OLD FORM WORK ALONG ENTIRE LENGTH

OF NORTH ABUTMENT AND AT WEST SIDE OF NORTH ABUTMENT

(0.2'H X 5' L). MINOR EROSION ALONG NORTHWEST WINGWALL.

61.1 STREAM FLOW FORCED AGAINST WEST CORNER OF NORTH

ABUTMENT.

222.4 MINOR TRANSVERSE CRACKING ON SOUTH APPROACH PAVEMENT.

MINOR TO MODERATE TRANSVERSE AND LONGITUDINAL

CRACKING AT NORTH APPROACH PAVEMENT.

222.5 PAVEMENT AT SOUTHWEST WINGWALL END UNDERMINED 7";

ERODED AND UNDERMINED 3" AT SOUTHEAST WINGWALL END,

WITH 8' LONG BROKEN PAVEMENT, AND 9" VERTICAL DROP-OFF.

222.9 UP TO 1" DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT AT NORTHEAST SIDEWALK

TRANSITION.

36A PARAPET DOES NOT MEET CURRENT AASHTO HEIGHT

SPECIFICATIONS; 2'-0" AT EAST SIDE. LOOSE STONE IN

SOUTHEAST PARAPET (UNABLE TO VERIFY DURING THIS

INSPECTION).

TRAFFIC SAFETY RATING CODES

N

Does not meet standards or a safety feature is required and none is provided.

Meets currently acceptable standards.

Not applicable or a safety feature is not required.

STRUCTURE LOAD RATING STRUCTURE NO. 5460-014P

TRUCK TYPE

INVENTORY RATING (NORMAL TRAFFIC) OPERATING RATING (MAXIMUM LOAD)

TONS METRIC TONS TONS METRIC TONS

H 15 14 25 23

HS 21 19 35 32

TYPE 3 20 18 34 31

TYPE 3S2 25 23 41 37

TYPE 3-3 28 25 46 42

DESIGN LOADING: UNKNOWN (H15 ASSUMED - SEE REMARKS)

X CAPACITY MEETS OR EXCEEDS DESIGN LOAD

CAPACITY IS LESS THAN DESIGN LOAD

ORIGINAL LOAD RATING CALCULATION APPLICABLE

ORIGINAL LOAD RATING CALCULATION REVISED

DATE OF LOAD RATING CALCULATION:

LOAD RATING CONTROLLED BY:

REMARKS: DESIGN LOADING ASSUMPTION IS BASED ON STRUCTURE TYPE, LOCATION, AGE, AND CONDITION.

STRUCTURE INVENTORY AND APPRAISAL STRUCTURE NO. 5460-014P

STRUCTURE IDENTIFICATION

(201) PARK: GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK (1) STATE: ....................................... 474 - TENNESSEE (TN)

(202) STRUCTURE NAME: .......... WYE BRIDGE (2) STATE HWY. AGENCY DIST:

(203) STRUCTURE KIND: ............ 1 - BRIDGE (3) COUNTY CODE: ........................ 009 - BLOUNT

(204) STRUCTURE NUMBER: ..... 5460-014P (4) CITY/PLACE CODE:

(205) NPS REGION: .................... 4 - SOUTHEAST (5) INVENTORY ROUTE:

(206) ROUTE CODE NUMBER: ... 16 (6) FEATURES INTERSECTED:....... LAUREL CREEK AND MIDDLE

(207) ROAD SECTION NO: .......... 014P (7) FACILITY CARRIED: .................. TOWNSEND ENTRANCE

(208) NPS ROAD CLASS: ............ 1 - PRINCIPAL PARK ROAD (8) STATE STRUCTURE NO: .......... 5460014P0000000

(209) WITHIN NPS BNDRY?: ....... YES (9) LOCATION: ................................ 0.1 MI TO NPS RTE. 14

(210) OPERATING UNIT: ............. N. DIST. (10) INV. RTE. - MIN. VERT. CLR: .. 99.99 FT (99.99 M)

(211) PROJECT NO(S): ................ 3C2, 3B15 (11) MILE POINT: ............................. 0.04 (KM PT 0.06)

(212) DRAWING NUMBERS: ....... 2487A (27) YEAR BUILT:

(21) MAINTAINED BY: ................. 66 - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE (106) YEAR RECONSTRUCTED: .... N/A

(22) OWNER: ............................... 66 - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE (20) TOLL: ........................................ 3 - FREE ROAD

(37) HISTORICAL DESIGNATION: .. 3 - POSSIBLY ELIGIBLE

STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION, FOUNDATION, AND DECK TYPE

(43A) MAIN STR. MATERIAL: ..

(43B) MAIN STR. TYPE:

(45) NO. OF MAIN SPANS:

(48) MAX. SPAN LENGTH:

(49) STRUCTURE LENGTH:

(216A) ABUTMENT #1 FDN:

(216B) ABUTMENT #2 FDN:

(217A) PREDOM. PIER FDN.: ..

(217B) SECOND. PIER FDN: ...

(107) DECK TYPE:

1 - CONCRETE

11 - ARCH - DECK

89.8 FT (27.4 M)

89.8 FT (27.4 M)

2 - SPREAD FTG ON BEARING MAT'L

2 - SPREAD FTG ON BEARING MAT'L

6 - N/A

6 - N/A

N - NOT APPLICABLE

(44A) APPR. STR. MATERIAL: ........ 0 - OTHER

(44B) APPR. STR. TYPE: ................ 00 - OTHER

(46) NO. OF APPROACH SPANS: .. 0

(108) WEAR SURFACE/PROTECT SYSTEM:

A) TYPE WEARING SURFACE: .. N - NOT APPLICABLE

B) TYPE MEMBRANE: ................. 0 - NONE

C) TYPE PROTECTION: .............. 0 - NONE

(218) IS SALT USED?: ..................... YES

LOAD RATING AND POSTING

(31) DESIGN LOAD: ................. 0 - UNKNOWN (41) LOAD RESTRICTION: ......... A - OPEN, NO RESTRICTION

(66) INVENTORY RATING: ...... 21.0 TONS (19.1 METRIC TONS) (70) BRIDGE POSTING: .............. 5 - NO POSTING REQUIRED

(64) OPERATING RATING: ...... 35.0 TONS (31.8 METRIC TONS)

INSPECTION DATES

(90) INSPECTION DATE: 5/14 (91) FREQ. OF INSP: 48 MONTHS (92 / 93) CRITICAL FEATURE INSPECTION (CFI):

(219) ADD. STUDIES NEEDED: N - 0 - NONE (A) FRACTURE CRITICAL: ... NO

INSP. EVERY: MONTHS - LAST INSP. : (220) SPECIAL STUDY TYPE: 0 - NONE

(B) UNDERWATER: .............. NO

(221) SPECIAL STUDY DATE: INSP. EVERY: MONTHS - LAST INSP. :

(C) SPECIAL INSPECTION: .. NO

INSP. EVERY: MONTHS - LAST INSP. :

STRUCTURE INVENTORY AND APPRAISAL STRUCTURE NO. 5460-014P

GEOMETRY, TRAFFIC, AND NAVIGATIONAL DATA

(16) LATITUDE: ............................. 35°39'34.60"

(17) LONGITUDE: ......................... 83°42'28.80"

(19) DETOUR LENGTH: ............... 55 MI (89 KM)

(28A) LANES ON STRUCT:

(28B) LANES UNDER STRUCT: ... 00

(42A) SERVICE ON: ..................... 5 - HIGHWAY-PEDESTRIAN

(42B) SERVICE UNDER: .............. 5 - WATERWAY

(29) AVG. DAILY TRAFFIC:

(30) YEAR OF ADT:

(114) FUTURE ADT:

(115) YEAR OF FUTURE ADT:

(101) PARALLEL STRUCTURE: ... N - NONE

(38) NAVIGATION CONTROL?: ... 0

(39) VERTICAL CLEARANCE: ...... 0.0 FT (0.0 M)

(40) HORIZ. CLEARANCE: ........... 0.0 FT (0.0 M)

(111) ABUT. OR PIER PROT:

LATERAL UNDERCLEARANCE:

(55) RIGHT: ....................... 99.9 FT (99.9 M)

(56) LEFT: ......................... 0.0 FT (0.0 M)

(51) CURB TO CURB WIDTH: ........... 27.2 FT (8.3 M)

(52) DECK WIDTH: ............................ 35.0 FT (10.7 M)

(32) APPR. ROADWAY WIDTH: ........ 44.0 FT (13.4 M)

(213) APPR. PAVEMENT WIDTH: ..... 28.0 FT (8.5 M)

LEFT SHOULDER: .................. 6.0 FT (1.8 M)

RIGHT SHOULDER: ................ 10.0 FT (3.0 M)

(33) BRIDGE MEDIAN: ....................... 0 - NO MEDIAN

(34) SKEW ANGLE: ............................ 0 °

(35) DECK FLARE?: ........................... NO

(47) TOTAL HORIZ. CLEARANCE: .... 28.0 FT (8.5 M)

(50) SIDEWALKS:

LEFT : ...................................... 0.0 FT (0.0 M)

RIGHT : ................................... 3.0 FT (0.9 M)

(214) BRIDGE RAIL TYPE:

RAIL CONFIGURATION: ......... 1 - FULL HEIGHT (NO PARAPE

MATERIAL: .............................. 9 - OTHER

DESIGN TYPE: ........................ 1 - CONTINUOUS RAIL

(215) BRIDGE RAIL HEIGHT: ............ 2.00 FT (0.61 M)

(53) MIN. VRT. CLEAR. OVER DECK: 99.99 FT (99.99 M)

(54) MIN. VRT. UNDERCLEARANCE: 0.00 FT (0.00 M)

CONDITION AND APPRAISAL DATA, PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS, AND COST

(58) DECK: ................................. N

(59) SUPERSTRUCTURE:

(60) SUBSTRUCTURE:

(61) CHANNEL:

(62) CULVERT: ........................... N

(222) APPROACHES:

(223) RETAINING WALL: ........... N

(36) TRAFFIC SAFETY FEAT: ... 0NNN

(75A) TYPE OF WORK:

(75B) WORK DONE BY:

(76) IMPROVEMENT LENGTH: ..

(67) STRUCTURAL EVALUATION:

(68) DECK GEOMETRY:

(69) UNDERCLEARANCES:

(71) WATERWAY ADEQUACY:

(72) APPROACH ALIGNMENT:

(113) SCOUR CRITICAL:

(225) PURPOSE OF IMPROVEMENT:

(226) PRIORITY OF IMPROVEMENT:

(227) MAINTENANCE COST:

(228) REHAB./RECONSTR. COST: ...

(229) CONSTRUCTION COST:

N

8 - Stable; scour above top of fo

1 - MAINTENANCE

D - MINOR

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

(230) STRUCTURE HISTORY:

(231) ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS:

(330) ADDITIONAL CONFIG. INFO.:

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APPENDIX STRUCTURE NO. 5460-014P

PHOTOGRAPHS STRUCTURE NO. 5460-014P

PHOTO #1 - LOOKING NORTH TOWARD TOWNSEND

FLOW

PHOTO #2 - EAST (DOWNSTREAM) SIDE

PHOTO #3 - GENERAL TOPSIDE VIEW LOOKING NORTH

PHOTO #4 - GENERAL UNDERSIDE VIEW LOOKING SOUTH

PHOTO #5 - TYPICAL TRANSVERSE CRACKING OF SIDEWALK

PHOTO #6 - DROP-OFF FROM SIDEWALK AT SOUTHEAST CORNER

PHOTO #7 - EROSION AND UNDERMINING ALONG SOUTHEAST

APPROACH PAVEMENT

PHOTO #8 - UNDERMINING OF PAVEMENT AT SOUTHWEST CORNER

PHOTO #9 - TYPICAL CONDITION OF VERTICAL

EXPANSION JOINTS, SOUTHWEST JOINT

SHOWN

PHOTO #10 - TYPICAL CONDITION OF

VERTICAL EXPANSION JOINTS, NORTHWEST

JOINT SHOWN; NOTE VEGETATION GROWTH

PHOTO #11 - EFFLORESCENCE ALONG NORTHWEST SPANDREL WALL

PHOTO #12 - GENERAL VIEW OF SOUTH ABUTMENT

PHOTO #13 - EFFLORESCENCE ALONG

CONSTRUCTION JOINT ON UNDERSIDE OF

ARCH, WEST SIDE

PHOTO #14 - TYPICAL EFFLORESCENCE

ALONG JOINT BETWEEN UNDERSIDE OF ARCH

AND RING STONES, WEST SIDE SHOWN

PHOTO #15 - GENERAL VIEW OF NORTH ABUTMENT

PHOTO #16 - EXPOSED FOOTING AND FORM BOARDS ON UPSTREAM

SIDE OF NORTH ABUTMENT

PHOTO #17 - LOOKING UPSTREAM THROUGH STRUCTURE

PHOTO #18 - LOOKING DOWNSTREAM THROUGH STRUCTURE