Koman_2015_Five_Year_Review_for_Former_Fort_Devens.pdf

FIVE-YEAR REVIEW REPORT

for Former Fort Devens Army Installation

BRAC Legacy Sites Devens, Massachusetts

Contract No.: W912WJ-15-C-0002

Prepared for:

Army Base Realignment and Closure Division

U. S. Army Garrison Fort Devens

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

New England District Concord, Massachusetts

September 2015

H&S Environmental, Inc.

ii

FIVE-YEAR REVIEW REPORT

for Former Fort Devens Army Installation

BRAC Legacy Sites Devens, Massachusetts

Contract No.: W912WJ-15-C-0002

Prepared for Former Fort Devens Army Installation

Devens, Massachusetts

Prepared by

160 East Main Street, Suite 2F Westborough, MA 01581

Robert J. Simeone BRAC Environmental Coordinator – Devens Army Base Realignment and Closure Division

Date

2015 Five-Year Review Report

BRAC Legacy Sites September 2015 iii

Table of Contents Section Page Number

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... i FIVE-YEAR REVIEW SUMMARY FORM ............................................................................................. ix 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Purpose of the Review ........................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Background ............................................................................................................................ 1-1

1.3 Community Participation ....................................................................................................... 1-2

1.4 Next Review .......................................................................................................................... 1-3

2 SHEPLEY’S HILL LANDFILL (AOCs 4, 5, and 18) .................................................................. 2-1

2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 2-1

2.2 Site Chronology ..................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.3 Background ............................................................................................................................ 2-2

2.3.1 Physical Characteristics ......................................................................................................... 2-2

2.3.2 Land and Resource Use .......................................................................................................... 2-3

2.3.3 History of Contamination ....................................................................................................... 2-3

2.3.4 Initial Response ...................................................................................................................... 2-4

2.3.5 Basis for Taking Action ......................................................................................................... 2-6

2.4 Remedial Actions ................................................................................................................... 2-7

2.4.1 Selected Remedy .................................................................................................................... 2-7

2.4.2 Remedy Implementation ........................................................................................................ 2-7

2.4.3 System Operations/Operation and Maintenance (O&M) ....................................................... 2-8

2.4.4 Annual Reporting to MassDEP and USEPA ....................................................................... 2-12

2.5 Five-Year Reviews .............................................................................................................. 2-12

2.5.1 Groundwater Sampling ........................................................................................................ 2-12

2.5.2 Institutional Controls ............................................................................................................ 2-13

2.6 Progress since Last Five Year Review ................................................................................ 2-18

2.6.1 Protectiveness Statement, Recommendations, and Actions from 2010 Five Year Review . 2-18

2.6.2 Status of and Effectiveness of Measures ................................................................................ 2-0

2.7 Five Year Review Process ..................................................................................................... 2-0

2.7.1 Administrative Components of the Five-Year Review Process ............................................. 2-0

2.7.2 Community Notification and Involvement ............................................................................ 2-1

2.7.3 Document Review .................................................................................................................. 2-1

2.7.4 Data Review ........................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.7.5 Site Inspection ........................................................................................................................ 2-5

2.7.6 Interviews ............................................................................................................................... 2-5

2.8 Technical Assessment ............................................................................................................ 2-6

2.8.1 Remedial Action Performance and Monitoring ..................................................................... 2-6

2.8.2 System Operations/ Operation and Maintenance ................................................................... 2-7

2.8.3 Opportunities for Optimization .............................................................................................. 2-7

2.8.4 Early Indications of Potential Remedy Failure ...................................................................... 2-7

2.8.5 Implementation of Institutional Controls and Other Measures .............................................. 2-7

2.8.6 Summary of Technical Assessment ....................................................................................... 2-8

2.9 Issues ...................................................................................................................................... 2-9 iv

2.10 Recommendations and Follow up Actions ............................................................................ 2-9

2.11 Protectiveness Statement ....................................................................................................... 2-9

2.12 Next Review .......................................................................................................................... 2-9

2.13 References .............................................................................................................................. 2-9

3 DEVENS CONSOLIDATION LANDFILL (AOCs 9, 40, and SA 13) (SOLID WASTE) STATUTORY FIVE-YEAR REVIEW ......................................................................................... 3-1

3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 3-1

3.2 Site Chronology ..................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.3 Background ............................................................................................................................ 3-2

3.3.1 Physical Characteristics ......................................................................................................... 3-2

3.3.2 Land and Resource Use .......................................................................................................... 3-3

3.3.3 History of Contamination ....................................................................................................... 3-3

3.3.4 Initial Response ...................................................................................................................... 3-4

3.3.5 Basis for Taking Action ......................................................................................................... 3-5

3.4 Remedial Actions ................................................................................................................... 3-6

3.4.1 Selected Remedy .................................................................................................................... 3-6

3.4.2 Remedy Implementation ........................................................................................................ 3-6

3.4.3 System Operation/Operations and Maintenance .................................................................... 3-9

3.5 Progress since Last Five-Year Review .................................................................................. 3-9

3.5.1 Remedy Implementation Activities ...................................................................................... 3-11

3.5.2 System O&M Activities ....................................................................................................... 3-11

3.6 Five-Year Review Process ................................................................................................... 3-11

3.6.1 Administrative Components of the Five-Year Review Process ........................................... 3-11

3.6.2 Community Notification and Involvement .......................................................................... 3-12

3.6.3 Document Review ................................................................................................................ 3-12

3.6.4 Data Review ......................................................................................................................... 3-12

3.6.5 Site Inspection ...................................................................................................................... 3-12

3.6.6 Interviews ............................................................................................................................. 3-13

3.7 Technical Assessment .......................................................................................................... 3-14

3.8 Issues .................................................................................................................................... 3-15

3.9 Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 3-15

3.10 Protectiveness Statement ..................................................................................................... 3-15

3.11 Next Review ........................................................................................................................ 3-16

3.12 References ............................................................................................................................ 3-16

4 SOUTH POST IMPACT AREA (AOCS 25, 26, 27, AND 41) .................................................... 4-1

4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4-1

4.2 Site Chronology ..................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.3 Background ............................................................................................................................ 4-2

4.3.1 Physical Characteristics ......................................................................................................... 4-3

4.3.2 History of Contamination ....................................................................................................... 4-4

4.4 Remedial Action .................................................................................................................... 4-6

4.4.1 Selected Remedy .................................................................................................................... 4-6

4.4.2 Remedy Implementation ........................................................................................................ 4-7

4.4.3 System Operations/Operation and Maintenance (O&M) ....................................................... 4-8

4.5 Progress Since last Five Year Review ................................................................................... 4-9

4.5.1 Long Term Monitoring Activities ........................................................................................ 4-10 v

4.5.2 System Operation Activities ................................................................................................ 4-10

4.6 Five Year Review Process ................................................................................................... 4-10

4.6.1 Administrative Components of the Five-Year Review Process ........................................... 4-10

4.6.2 Community Notification and Involvement .......................................................................... 4-10

4.6.3 Document Review ................................................................................................................ 4-10

4.6.4 Data Review ......................................................................................................................... 4-11

4.6.5 South Post Monitoring Well Network .................................................................................. 4-13

4.6.6 Site Inspection ...................................................................................................................... 4-14

4.6.7 Interviews ............................................................................................................................. 4-14

4.7 Technical Assessment .......................................................................................................... 4-14

4.7.1 Remedial Action Performance ............................................................................................. 4-15

4.7.2 System Operations/Operation and Maintenance (Long-Term Groundwater Monitoring) .. 4-15

4.7.3 Opportunities for Optimization ............................................................................................ 4-15

4.7.4 Early Indicators of Potential Remedy Failure ...................................................................... 4-15

4.7.5 Implementation of Institutional Controls and Other Measures ............................................ 4-15

4.7.6 Changes in Standards and To Be Considered ...................................................................... 4-16

4.7.7 Changes in Exposure Pathways ........................................................................................... 4-16

4.7.8 Changes in Toxicology and Other Contaminant Characteristics ......................................... 4-16

4.7.9 Changes in Risk Assessment Methodology ......................................................................... 4-16

4.7.10 Summary of Technical Assessment ..................................................................................... 4-16

4.8 Issues .................................................................................................................................... 4-17

4.9 Recommendations and Follow Up Actions ......................................................................... 4-17

4.10 Protectiveness Statement ..................................................................................................... 4-17

4.11 Next Review ........................................................................................................................ 4-17

4.12 References ............................................................................................................................ 4-17

5 BARNUM ROAD MAINTENANCE YARDS (AOCS 44 AND 52) ........................................... 5-1

5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5-1

5.2 Site Chronology ..................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.3 Background ............................................................................................................................ 5-1

5.4 Remedial Actions ................................................................................................................... 5-3

5.4.1 Remedy Selection ................................................................................................................... 5-3

5.4.2 Remedy Implementation ........................................................................................................ 5-4

5.4.3 System Operation/Operations and Maintenance .................................................................... 5-6

5.5 Progress Since last Five-Year Review ................................................................................... 5-6

5.6 Five-Year Review Process ..................................................................................................... 5-7

5.6.1 Administrative Components of the Five-Year Review Process ............................................. 5-7

5.6.2 Community Notification and Involvement ............................................................................ 5-8

5.6.3 Document Review .................................................................................................................. 5-8

5.6.4 Data Review ........................................................................................................................... 5-8

5.6.5 Site Inspection ........................................................................................................................ 5-8

5.6.6 Interviews ............................................................................................................................... 5-8

5.7 Technical Assessment ............................................................................................................ 5-9

5.7.1 Remedial Action Performance ............................................................................................... 5-9

5.7.2 System Operations/Operation and Maintenance .................................................................... 5-9

5.7.3 Opportunities for Optimization .............................................................................................. 5-9

5.7.4 Early Indicators of Potential Remedy Failure ........................................................................ 5-9 vi

5.7.5 Implementation of Institutional Controls and Other Measures ............................................ 5-10

5.7.6 Summary of Technical Assessment ..................................................................................... 5-10

5.8 Issues .................................................................................................................................... 5-10

5.9 Recommendation and Follow up Actions ............................................................................ 5-10

5.10 Protectiveness Statement ..................................................................................................... 5-10

5.11 Next Review ........................................................................................................................ 5-11

5.12 References ............................................................................................................................ 5-11

6 DEFENSE REUTILIZATION AND MARKETING OFFICE AREA OF CONTAMINATION 32

AND 43A ....................................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 6-1

6.2 Site Chronology ..................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.3 Background ............................................................................................................................ 6-2

6.3.1 Physical Characteristics ......................................................................................................... 6-3

6.3.2 Land and Resource Use .......................................................................................................... 6-4

6.4 Remedial Actions ................................................................................................................... 6-4

6.4.2 Remedy Selection ................................................................................................................... 6-5

6.4.3 Remedy Implementation ........................................................................................................ 6-6

6.4.4 System Operation/Operations and Maintenance .................................................................... 6-8

6.5 Progress since Last Five-Year Review .................................................................................. 6-8

6.5.1 Remedy Implementation Activities ...................................................................................... 6-10

6.5.2 System Monitoring Activities .............................................................................................. 6-10

6.6 Five-Year Review Process ................................................................................................... 6-10

6.6.1 Administrative Components ................................................................................................. 6-10

6.6.2 Community Involvement ..................................................................................................... 6-10

6.6.3 Document Review ................................................................................................................ 6-11

6.6.4 Data Review ......................................................................................................................... 6-11

6.6.5 Site Inspection ...................................................................................................................... 6-12

6.6.6 Interviews ............................................................................................................................. 6-13

6.7 Technical Assessment .......................................................................................................... 6-13

6.7.1 Remedial Action Performance and Monitoring Results ...................................................... 6-13

6.7.2 Systems Operations/Operation and Maintenance (Long-Term Groundwater Monitoring) . 6-14

6.7.3 Opportunities for Optimization ............................................................................................ 6-14

6.7.4 Early Indicators of Potential Remedy Failure ..................................................................... 6-14

6.7.5 Implementation of Institutional Controls and other Measures ............................................ 6-14

6.7.6 Changes in Exposure Pathways ........................................................................................... 6-15

6.7.7 Changes in Toxicology and Other Contaminant Characteristics ......................................... 6-15

6.7.8 Changes in Risk Assessment Methodology ......................................................................... 6-15

6.7.9 Technical Assessment Summary .......................................................................................... 6-15

6.8 Issues .................................................................................................................................... 6-16

6.9 Recommendations and Follow-up Actions .......................................................................... 6-16

6.10 Protectiveness Statement ..................................................................................................... 6-16

6.11 Next Review ........................................................................................................................ 6-16

6.12 References ............................................................................................................................ 6-16

7 HISTORIC GAS STATION AREAS OF CONTAMINATION 43G AND 43J ........................... 7-1

7.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 7-1

7.2 Site Chronology ..................................................................................................................... 7-1 vii

7.3 Background ............................................................................................................................ 7-2

7.3.1 AOC 43G Background ........................................................................................................... 7-2

7.3.2 AOC 43J Background ............................................................................................................ 7-3

7.4 Remedial Action .................................................................................................................... 7-4

7.4.2 Remedy Selection ................................................................................................................... 7-5

7.4.3 Remedy Implementation ........................................................................................................ 7-5

7.4.4 IRA Lines of Evidence ........................................................................................................... 7-6

7.4.5 IRA Field Activities ............................................................................................................... 7-6

7.4.6 Statistical Analysis ................................................................................................................. 7-6

7.4.7 Assimilative Capacity Calculations ....................................................................................... 7-8

7.4.8 Fate and Transport Modeling ................................................................................................. 7-8

7.4.9 Long-Term Monitoring .......................................................................................................... 7-8

7.4.10 Groundwater Performance Standards .................................................................................... 7-8

7.4.11 Contaminant Migration Assessment ...................................................................................... 7-9

7.4.12 Remedial Duration Assessment ............................................................................................. 7-9

7.4.13 VPH Boundary Standard ........................................................................................................ 7-9

7.4.14 Additional AOC 43J Investigations Post-2010 Five-Year Review ........................................ 7-9

7.4.15 System Operations/Operations and Maintenance ................................................................ 7-10

7.5 Progress since the Last Five Year Review .......................................................................... 7-10

7.5.1 Details on the Transfer and Management of AOC 43J ........................................................ 7-13

7.5.2 Remedy Implementation ...................................................................................................... 7-13

7.5.3 System Operations /Operation and Maintenance ................................................................. 7-13

7.6 Five Year Review Process ................................................................................................... 7-13

7.6.1 Administrative Components ................................................................................................. 7-13

7.6.2 Community Involvement ..................................................................................................... 7-14

7.6.3 Document Review ................................................................................................................ 7-14

7.6.4 Data Review ......................................................................................................................... 7-14

7.6.5 Site Inspection ...................................................................................................................... 7-17

7.6.6 Interviews ............................................................................................................................. 7-17

7.7 Technical Assessment .......................................................................................................... 7-18

7.7.1 Remedial Action Performance and Monitoring Results ...................................................... 7-18

7.7.2 System Operations/Operation and Maintenance (Long-term Groundwater Monitoring) .... 7-19

7.7.3 Opportunities for Optimization ............................................................................................ 7-19

7.7.4 Early Indicators of Potential Remedy Problems .................................................................. 7-20

7.7.5 Implementation of Institutional Controls and Other Measures ............................................ 7-20

7.7.6 Changes in Exposure Pathways ........................................................................................... 7-20

7.7.7 Changes in Exposure Assumptions ...................................................................................... 7-21

7.7.8 Changes in Standards and To Be Considered ...................................................................... 7-21

7.7.9 Changes in Toxicology and Other Contaminant Characteristics ......................................... 7-21

7.7.10 Changes in Risk Assessment Methodology ......................................................................... 7-21

7.7.11 Technical Assessment Summary .......................................................................................... 7-22

7.8 Issues .................................................................................................................................... 7-23

7.9 Recommendations and Follow-up Actions .......................................................................... 7-23

7.10 Protectiveness Statement ..................................................................................................... 7-23

7.11 Next Review ........................................................................................................................ 7-23

7.12 References ............................................................................................................................ 7-23 viii

8 FORMER ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SPILL SITE AREA OF CONTAMINATION 69W ....... 8-1

8.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 8-1

8.2 Site Chronology ..................................................................................................................... 8-1

8.3 Background ............................................................................................................................ 8-1

8.3.1 Physical Characteristics ......................................................................................................... 8-3

8.3.2 History of Contamination (Soil) ............................................................................................. 8-4

8.3.3 History of Contamination (Groundwater) .............................................................................. 8-4

8.3.4 Basis for Taking Action ......................................................................................................... 8-5

8.4 Remedial Actions ................................................................................................................... 8-5

8.4.1 Remedy Selection ................................................................................................................... 8-6

8.4.2 Remedy Implementation ........................................................................................................ 8-7

8.4.3 System Operation/Operations and Maintenance .................................................................... 8-7

8.5 Progress since Last Five-Year Review .................................................................................. 8-7

8.5.1 Remedy Implementation Activities ........................................................................................ 8-8

8.5.2 System O&M Activities ......................................................................................................... 8-8

8.6 Five-Year Review Process ..................................................................................................... 8-9

8.6.1 Administrative Components ................................................................................................... 8-9

8.6.2 Community Involvement ....................................................................................................... 8-9

8.6.3 Document Review .................................................................................................................. 8-9

8.6.4 Data Review ........................................................................................................................... 8-9

8.6.5 Site Inspection ...................................................................................................................... 8-11

8.6.6 Interviews ............................................................................................................................. 8-12

8.7 Technical Assessment .......................................................................................................... 8-12

8.7.1 Remedial Action Performance and Monitoring Results ...................................................... 8-13

8.7.2 System Operations/Operation and Maintenance ................................................................. 8-13

8.7.3 Opportunities for Optimization ............................................................................................ 8-13

8.7.4 Early Indicators of Potential Remedy Problems ................................................................. 8-13

8.7.5 Implementation of Institutional Controls and Other Measures ........................................... 8-13

8.7.6 Changes in Standards and To Be Considered ...................................................................... 8-14

8.7.7 Changes in Exposure Pathways ........................................................................................... 8-14

8.7.8 Changes in Exposure Assumptions ...................................................................................... 8-15

8.7.9 Changes in Toxicology and Other Contaminant Characteristics ......................................... 8-15

8.7.10 Changes in Risk Assessment Methodology ......................................................................... 8-15

8.7.11 Technical Assessment Summary .......................................................................................... 8-15

8.8 Issues .................................................................................................................................... 8-16

8.9 Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 8-16

8.10 Protectiveness Statement ..................................................................................................... 8-16

8.11 Next Review ........................................................................................................................ 8-16

8.12 References ............................................................................................................................ 8-16

9 FORMER MOORE ARMY AIRFIELD AOC 50 ......................................................................... 9-1

9.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 9-1

9.2 Site Chronology ..................................................................................................................... 9-1

9.3 Background ............................................................................................................................ 9-1

9.3.1 Fueling Systems ..................................................................................................................... 9-3

9.3.2 Dry Well ................................................................................................................................. 9-3

9.3.3 PCE Drum Storage Area ........................................................................................................ 9-3 ix

9.3.4 Cesspool ................................................................................................................................. 9-4

9.3.5 Basis for Taking Action ......................................................................................................... 9-4

9.4 Remedial Actions ................................................................................................................... 9-4

9.4.1 Remedy Selection ................................................................................................................... 9-5

9.4.2 Remedy Implementation ........................................................................................................ 9-5

9.4.3 System Operation/Operation and Maintenance ..................................................................... 9-7

9.5 Progress since Last Five-Year Review .................................................................................. 9-8

9.5.1 System O&M Activities ....................................................................................................... 9-10

9.6 Five-Year Review Process ................................................................................................... 9-10

9.6.1 Administrative Components ................................................................................................. 9-10

9.6.2 Community Involvement ..................................................................................................... 9-10

9.6.3 Document Review ................................................................................................................ 9-10

9.6.4 Data Review ......................................................................................................................... 9-10

9.6.5 Site Inspection ...................................................................................................................... 9-22

9.6.6 Interviews ............................................................................................................................. 9-23

9.7 Technical Assessment .......................................................................................................... 9-23

9.7.1 Remedial Action Performance and Monitoring Results ...................................................... 9-24

9.7.2 System Operations/Operation and Maintenance (Long-Term Groundwater Monitoring) .. 9-24

9.7.3 Opportunities for Optimization ............................................................................................ 9-24

9.7.4 Early Indicators of Potential Remedy Problems .................................................................. 9-24

9.7.5 Implementation of ICs and Other Measures ........................................................................ 9-25

9.7.6 Changes in Standards and To Be Considered ...................................................................... 9-25

9.7.7 Changes in Exposure Pathways ........................................................................................... 9-26

9.7.8 Changes in Toxicology and Other Contaminant Characteristics ......................................... 9-26

9.7.9 Changes in Risk Assessment Methodology ......................................................................... 9-26

9.7.10 Expected Progress toward Meeting RAOs ........................................................................... 9-26

9.7.11 Summary of Technical Assessment ..................................................................................... 9-27

9.8 Issues .................................................................................................................................... 9-27

9.9 Recommendations and Follow-up Actions .......................................................................... 9-27

9.10 Protectiveness Statement ..................................................................................................... 9-28

9.11 Next Review ........................................................................................................................ 9-28

9.12 References ............................................................................................................................ 9-28

10 BUILDING 3713 FUEL OIL SPILL SITE AREA OF CONTAMINATION 57 ....................... 10-1

10.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 10-1

10.2 Site Chronology ................................................................................................................... 10-1

10.3 Background .......................................................................................................................... 10-3

10.3.1 AOC 57 – Area 1 Background ............................................................................................. 10-4

10.3.2 AOC 57 – Area 2 Background ............................................................................................. 10-4

10.3.3 AOC 57 – Area 3 Background ............................................................................................. 10-5

10.3.4 Basis for Taking Action ....................................................................................................... 10-5

10.4 Remedial Action .................................................................................................................. 10-5

10.4.1 Remedy Selection ................................................................................................................. 10-5

10.4.2 Remedy Implementation ...................................................................................................... 10-7

10.4.3 System Operation/Operations and Maintenance ................................................................ 10-10

10.5 Progress since Last Five-Year Review .............................................................................. 10-10

10.5.1 Remedy Implementation Activities .................................................................................... 10-11 x

10.5.2 System O&M Activities ..................................................................................................... 10-11

10.6 Five-Year Review Process ................................................................................................. 10-11

10.6.1 Administrative Components ............................................................................................... 10-11

10.6.2 Community Involvement ................................................................................................... 10-11

10.6.3 Document Review .............................................................................................................. 10-12

10.6.4 Data Review ....................................................................................................................... 10-12

10.6.5 Site Inspection .................................................................................................................... 10-14

10.6.6 Interviews ........................................................................................................................... 10-14

10.7 Technical Assessment ........................................................................................................ 10-14

10.7.1 Remedial Action Performance ........................................................................................... 10-15

10.7.2 System Operations/Operation and Maintenance (Long Term Groundwater Monitoring) . 10-15

10.7.3 Opportunities for Optimization .......................................................................................... 10-15

10.7.4 Early Indicators of Potential Remedy Problems ................................................................ 10-15

10.7.5 Implementation of ICs and other measures ........................................................................ 10-16

10.7.6 Changes in Standards and To Be Considered .................................................................... 10-16

10.7.7 Changes in Exposure Pathways ......................................................................................... 10-16

10.7.8 Changes in Toxicology and Other Contaminant Characteristics ....................................... 10-17

10.7.9 Changes in Risk Assessment Methodology ....................................................................... 10-17

10.7.10 Summary of Technical Assessment ................................................................................... 10-17

10.8 Issues .................................................................................................................................. 10-18

10.9 Recommendations and Follow-up Actions ........................................................................ 10-18

10.10 Protectiveness Statement ................................................................................................... 10-18

10.11 Next Review ...................................................................................................................... 10-18

10.12 References .......................................................................................................................... 10-18 xi

Appendices

Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Appendix G Appendix H Appendix I Appendix J Appendix K Appendix L

References Community Participation Shepley’s Hill (AOC 4, 5, and 18) Devens Consolidate Landfill (AOCs 9 and 40, SA13) South Post Impact Area (AOCs 25, 26, 27 and 41) Barnum Road (AOCs 44 and 52) Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office (AOCs 32, 43A) Historic Gas Station (AOCs 43G and 43J) Former Elementary School Spill Site (AOC 69W) Former Moore Army Airfield (AOC 50) Building 3713 Fuel Oil Spill Site (AOC 57) Response to Comments xii

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AAFES Army Air Force Exchange Service ABB-ES ABB Environmental Services, Inc.

ABC® Anaerobic BioChem ACO Administrative Consent Order ADAF Age-dependent adjustment factors AFCEE Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment AFRC Air Forces Reserve Center

AMSA Area Maintenance Support Activity AOC area of contamination ARAR Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements AREE Areas Requiring Environmental Evaluation Army U.S. Army AAFES Army Air Force Exchange Service ATP Arsenic Treatment Plant AWQC Ambient Water Quality Criteria

BCT BRAC Cleanup Team bgs below ground surface BOH Board of Health BRAC Base Realignment and Closure BTEX benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes

CAAA Corrective Action Alternatives Analysis CAC Citizen’s Advisory Committee CCC Criteria Continuous Concentrations CDR Covenant Deferral Request CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act CFR Code of Federal Regulations cis-1,2-DCE cis-1,2-dichloroethene CMC Criteria Maximum Concentrations CMR Code of Massachusetts Regulations COC contaminants of concern COD chemical oxygen demand Conti Conti Environmental, Inc.

COPC contaminants of potential concern CSA Comprehensive Site Assessment CSF cancer slope factor CSM conceptual site model CVOC chlorinated volatile organic compound cy cubic yards xiii

1,2-DCB 1,2-dichlorobenzene 1,3-DCB 1,3-dichlorobenzene 1,4-DCB 1,4-dichlorobenzene 1,1-DCE 1,1-dichloroethene

DCL Devens Consolidation Landfill DDD dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethane DDE dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene DDT dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane DGA data gap analysis DO dissolved oxygen DoD Department of Defense DQO data quality objective DRMO Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office

EBS Environmental Baseline Survey EOD explosives ordnance discharge EPH extractable petroleum hydrocarbons EPP Environmental Protection Plan ERA Ecological Risk Assessment ERD enhanced reductive dechlorination ESD Explanation of Significant Differences ESMA Excavated Soils Management Area

ºF degrees Fahrenheit FFA Federal Facility Agreement FFS focused feasibility study FORSCOM United States Army Forces Command Fort Devens Former Fort Devens Army Installation FOSET Findings of Suitability of Early Transfer FOST Findings of Suitability to Transfer FR Federal Register FS feasibility study ft feet ft/day feet per day µg/g micrograms per gram GERE Grant of Environmental Restriction and Easement gpm gallons per minute GW-1 Groundwater Classification 1 GW-3 Groundwater Classification 3

HASP Health and Safety Plan Hg mercury HGL HydroGeoLogic, Inc.

HHRA Human Health Risk Assessment xiv

HI hazard index HLA Harding Lawson Associates HMX cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine H&S H&S Environmental, Inc.

IC institutional controls IDW investigation-derived waste IMP Installation Master Plan INRMP Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan IRA Intrinsic Bioremediation Assessment IRIS Integrated Risk Information System ISCO in situ chemical oxidation IUR inhalation unit risk IWS In Well Stripping

LEL lower explosive limit LGP landfill gas probe LIFOC Lease in Furtherance of Conveyance LTM long-term monitoring LTMP Long-Term Monitoring Plan LTMMP Long-Term Monitoring and Maintenance Plan LUC…