Fort Sill Installation Design Standard.pdf

INSTALLATION

DESIGN STANDARD

Master Planning Real Property Fort Sill, Oklahoma

March 2015

INSTALLATION DESIGN STANDARD

FORT SILL

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TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................. TABLE OF CONTENTS-1

USER GUIDE ................................................................................................. USER GUIDE-1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...............................................................EXECUTIVE SUMMARY-1

SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION

1. Purpose 1-1

2. Goal 1-1

3. Objectives 1-2

4. Audience 1-2

5. Organization 1-3

6. When to Use the Army Installation Design Guide 1-3

7. Maintaining the Installation Design Guide 1-3

8. Responsibilities 1-4

9. Sustainable Design and Development 1-5

10. Army Standards 1-6

Table of Contents 1

SECTION 2 - THE INSTALLATION DESIGN GUIDE PROCESS and IMPLEMENTATION

Table of Contents 2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

Introduction 2-1 The Design Guide Process 2-1 Using the Design Guide 2-3 Implementation 2-3

SECTION 3 - DESIGN GUIDE ANALYSIS CRITERIA

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

Introduction 3-1 Goals, Objectives and Recommendations 3-1 Identification and Classification of Visual Elements 3-2 Design Principles 3-3 Visual Elements 3-4

SECTION 4 - INSTALLATION PROFILE

4.1

4.2

4.3

Setting 4-1

Existing Land Use 4-7

Proposed Land Use 4-7

SECTION 5 - VISUAL THEMES AND ZONES

1. Introduction 5-1

2. Visual Themes 5-1

3. Visual Zones 5-2

4. Industrial Visual Zone 5-3

5. International Visual Zone 5-6

6. Residential Visual Zone 5-10

7. New Post Visual Zone 5-13

8. Old Post Visual Zone 5-17

9. Recreational Visual Zone 5-20

10. World War II Visual Zone 5-22

11. Central Corridor Visual Zone 5-24

SECTION 6 - IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS

6.1

6.2

Introduction 6-1

Visual Enhancement Project 6-2

SECTION 7 - SITE PLANNING DESIGN STANDARDS

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.5

7.6

7.7

7.8

Introduction 7-1 Site Planning Objectives 7-2 Site Planning Considerations 7-2 Site Planning Design Criteria 7-3 Natural Conditions 7-4 Manmade Site Conditions 7-5 Army Standards 7-6 References 7-6

SECTION 8 - BUILDINGS DESIGN STANDARDS

8.1

8.2

8.3

8.4

8.5

Introduction 8-1 Building Objectives 8-1 Structural Character. 8-2 Building Entrances 8-3 Service Areas 8-4

6. Building Accessibility 8-4

7. Seismic Policy 8-4

8. Indigenous Structures 8-5

9. Historic Architecture 8-6

10. Renovations and Additions 8-6

11. Plazas and Courtyards 8-6

12. Building Maintenance 8-7

13. Interior Design 8-7

14. Exterior Building Materials and Colors 8-16

15. Key Facility Types Standardization 8-17

16. Physical Security Requirements 8-20

17. Sale and Outlease of Army Assets 8-20

18. Army Standards 8-20

19. References 8-21

SECTION 9 - CIRCULATION DESIGN STANDARDS

1. Introduction 9-1

2. Circulation Objectives 9-1

3. Roadway Hierarchy 9-2

4. Roadway Setbacks 9-5

5. Roadway System Design 9-6

6. Intersections 9-7

7. Entrance Gates 9-8

8. Parking Requirements 9-9

9. Parking Lot Location and Design 9-9

10. Service Areas 9-11

11. Drop-off Areas 9-11

12. Walkways and Pedestrian Circulation 9-11

13. Bikeways 9-14

14. Army Standards 9-17

15. References 9-18

SECTION 10 - LANDSCAPE DESIGN STANDARDS

Table of Contents 3

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

10.7

10.8

10.9

10.10

10.11

10.12

10.13

Introduction 10-1 Landscape Objectives 10-1 Principles of Landscape Development 10-2 Sustainable Landscape Development 10-3 Landscape Design Guidelines 10-3 Plant Material Selection 10-7 Plant Palette and Plant Categories 10-7 Plant Material Installation 10-8 Maintenance of Plant Material 10-10 Tree Protection and Preservation 10-11 Anti-terrorism/Force Protection Considerations 10-12 Army Standards 10-12 References 10-13

SECTION 11 - SITE ELEMENTS DESIGN STANDARDS

11.1

11.2

11.3

11.4

11.5

11.6

Introduction 11-1 Site Elements Objectives 11-1 Site Furnishings 11-2 Signs 11-9 Lighting 11-16 Utilities 11-28

11.7

11.8

Table of Contents 4

Army Standards 11-30

References 11-30

SECTION 12 - FORCE PROTECTION DESIGN STANDARDS

12.1

12.2

12.3

12.4

12.5

12.6

12.7

12.8

12.9

12.10

Introduction 12-1 Building Siting and Design Standards 12-1 Fencing 12-3 Landscape Considerations 12-2 Lighting 12-4 Berms 12-5 Gates and Entrances (Access Control Points) 12-5 Installation Enter Area Specific Standards 12-6 Army Standards 12-6 References 12-7

APPENDIX A – DESIGN TEAM IDS CHECKLIST

APPENDIX B –

APPENDIX C –

APPENDIX D –

APPENDIX E –

APPENDIX F –

APPENDIX G -

APPENDIX H -

APPENDIX I -

APPENDIX J -

APPENDIX K -

PROJECT REQUIREMENTS IDS CHECKLIST (OPTIONAL)

INTERIOR DESIGN REVIEW CHECKLIST (OPTIONAL)

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

LEED CHECKLIST

LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE

PRIORITIZED IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS LIST

SELF-HELP PROJECT CHECKLIST

INTERIOR FINISHES STANDARDS

INTERIOR FURNISHINGS STANDARDS

EXTERIOR MATERIALS CHARTS

APPENDIX L - EXTERIOR COLOR CHARTS

APPENDIX M - HISTORIC PESERVATION GUIDELINES

APPENDIX N - HOUSEKEEPING RULES (EXAMPLE)

APPENDIX O - PLANT PALETTE

APPENDIX P - ARMY FACILITIES STANDARDIZATION PROGRAM CENTERS

OF STANDARDIZATION

APPENDIX Q -

STANDARDS and REFERENCES

COMMENT FORM

GLOSSARY/LIST OF ACRONYMS

INSTALLATION MAPS

APPENDIX R -

SPACE: UTILIZATON OF REAL PROPERTY: ARMY REGULATON 405-70

The Installation Design Guide (IDS) is a hyperlinked document. A hyperlink is specially formatted text that contains an address (in the document, within another document, or on the internet) that when “followed” or “clicked on,” takes the reader to that link. Hyperlinks are shown in the color blue and may or may not be underlined in blue depending on the format of a particular document.

Hyperlinks within the IDS link to other documents, reference tables, appendices, graphics and maps, and the Internet for further reference or in-depth study on a particular issue.

Users of the IDS are presented with a hyperlinked table of contents. Each name is hyperlinked directly to the beginning of the document that it indicates. The table of contents is expandable and hyperlinked to each section and subsection.

Click on the hyperlinks to the right to enter the IDS table of contents.

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Users Guide 1-1

USERS GUIDE

ES. 1 PURPOSE

The purpose of the Army Installation Design Standards is to provide Army standards and serve as a tool for implementing those standards (Fig. ES.1)

The design standards for site planning, buildings, vehicular and pedestrian circulation, landscaping, site elements (i.e. signage, utilities), force protection, and Sustainable Design are provided for incorporation into each Army installation.

The framework for implementation is the Installation Design Guide (IDS). Each installation will imitate the IDS processes in the Army Installation Design Standards in the development of their installation specific IDS.

Fig. ES.1 - The Installation Design Guide is a Tool to Implement Army Standards.

ES. 2 BACKGROUND

ES.2.1 The Army Installation Design Standards follows the concept established in the Joint

Service Unified Facilities Criteria Installation Design manual.

Authority: The Commander's Guide Army Installation Standards published 1 October 2002 gave initial senior Army leadership direction. The Army Installation Design Standards establishes the Army standards for installation design as directed by the Secretary of the Army and the Chief of Staff, Army.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Executive Summary 1

ES.2.2 Research was conducted to incorporate into Army standards the best practices from other organizations such as the Air Force, Navy, AAFES, GSA, National Park Service, Federal

Highway Administration, and various city and county governments, and associations.

ES.2.3 Existing Installation Design Guides were also reviewed for their application of procedures, examples, and benchmarks for IDS implementation Army-wide.

ES. 3 IDS METHODOLOGY

ES.3.1 The IDS provides standards and guidelines to installation decision makers, contracted and in-house planning and design professionals, installation maintenance personnel, and others. The IDS sets interior and exterior standards and planning criteria to be integrated into all proposals, design and construction contracts, renovation, maintenance, or repair projects performed on the installation or its properties.

ES.3.2 The following paragraphs present an overview of the steps involved in developing an installation specific IDS. The IDS promotes a sense of arrival, functional compatibility, visual order, enhances site assets, relates the natural and man-made environment, and achieves consistent architectural themes throughout the installation and where applicable its sub-installations.

Step 1. Installation Profile

Initially an installation profile is created in which the installation setting, existing land use, and proposed land use are detailed to include all applicable sub-installations.

Step 2. Visual Surveys

The first survey establishes the visual zones and themes of the installation. The second survey documents the liabilities and assets within each visual zone.

Step 3. Visual Zones and Themes

Information gathered is recorded and used to delineate visual zones.

Zones with similar visual characteristics are grouped together to form a broader category called themes. Visual characteristics define a

"look and feel" of an area together with the dominant features that define its image. Typical

Executive Summary 2 visual characteristics include unique buildings, vehicular and pedestrian corridors, functional use, natural features, and spatial relationships (Fig. ES.2).

Step 4. Assets and Liabilities

Each visual zone is then defined for its assets and liabilities. Subsequently, a functional analysis is prepared.

Step 5. Recommendations

Recommendations are developed to address the liabilities identified and to enhance the assets noted in accordance with Army standards and the IDS goals and objectives. Recommendations are in the form of specific projects that are utilized to prepare a prioritized projects list for approval by the installation Real Property Planning Board.

ES. 4 RESPONSIBILITIES

ES.4.1 Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management (ACSIM):

Establish Army facility standards and approve deviations from the standards.

Approve Army Installation Design Standards Implementation

Plan.

Approve Army Installation Design Standards Investment

Strategy.

ES.4.2 Director Installation Management Command (IMCOM)

Develop and implement the Army Installation Design

Standards Implementation Plan.

Develop and implement the Army Installation Design

Standards Investment Strategy.

Ensure compliance with the Army Installation Design

Standards.

Maintain electronic newsletter for communicating changes in standards.

ES.4.3 Garrison Commander:

Develop the installation's IDS.

Executive Summary 3

Chair installation Real Property Planning Board (RPPB) to review and approve projects established on the Prioritized Improvement Projects List to meet Army standards.

Submit Prioritized Improvement Projects List for approval and funding IAW Director, IMA instructions after review and approval by Senior Mission Commander.

Enforce IDS standards. ES.4.4

Senior Mission Commander:

Review and approve IDS.

Review and approve RPPB prioritized improvement projects list recommendations to meet Army standards prior to submission to IMA Region Director.

ES.4.5 Major Army Command/Tenant:

Participate in installation Real Property Planning Board.

Participate in design and planning charrettes.

Determine project functional requirements.

Participate in design reviews.

Participate in development of Prioritization Projects List.

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Executive Summary 4

Assistant Chief of

Staff for Installation

Management

Region

Offices

Installation

Management Command

Installations, Garrisons, Armories and Reserve Centers

Fig. 1.1 - The Installation Design Guide is a Tool to Implement Army Standards.

1. PURPOSE

1.A military installation conveys a visual image established by its architectural and historical character, arrangement of facilities, circulation patterns, and features in the landscape. This image can be clear, orderly, logical and attractive; or cluttered, confused, and unattractive.

2.The purpose of this Installation Design Guide (IDS) is to provide design guidance for standardizing and improving the quality of the total environment of Fort Sill (Fig 1.1). This includes not only the visual impact of features on the installation but also the impact of projects on the total built and natural environment. The improvement of the quality of visual design and development and use of sustainable design and development practices have a direct and future impact on the quality of life for those who live, work, or visit Fort Sill.

1.1.3 The IDS includes standards and general

guidelines for the design issues of site planning;

architectural character, colors and materials; vehicular and pedestrian circulation; and landscape elements, including plant material, seating, signage, lighting, and utilities. The design guidelines incorporate sustainable design, quality of design, anti-terrorism, low maintenance, historical and cultural considerations, durability, safety, and compatibility.

Section 1

INTRODUCTION

Page 1-1

4. AUDIENCE

1.The IDS is to be used by all individuals involved in decision-making, design, construction, and maintenance of facilities (Fig.1.2). The primary users include the following:

1.Senior Mission Commander

2. Garrison Commander and Staff

3. Installation facility planning and design personnel

4. Installation facility maintenance personnel

5. Installation Management Command and Region

6.U.S. Army Corps of Engineers project managers, design, and construction staff Fig. 1.2 - Design Guide Audience

7. Consulting Planners, Architects, Engineers, Page 1-2

1.2 GOAL

The goal of the IDS is to provide a clear, comprehensive approach to establish and maintain a positive visual imagery throughout the installation and implement appropriate standards. This is accomplished by providing a systematic development process that is defined through description, analysis, synthesis, and implementation.

3. OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the IDS are:

1.To provide a set of general design standards and guidelines that define color, materials, style, signage, and other aspects of design for all visual elements surveyed.

2.To provide standards and guidelines for the selection of materials for new construction, renovation, maintenance and repair projects.

3. To provide guidance for accomplishing sustainable development. See Appendix D.

4.To provide a structured methodology for establishing projects to improve the visual imagery of the installation.

5. To provide guidance to integrate ATFP standards.

Interior Designers, and Landscape Architects

8. Supporting agencies such as AAFES, DeCA, DoDDS, MEDCOM, tenants, etc.

9. National Guard

1.4.2 The ultimate success of the IDS is dependent upon the commitment of the above individuals and organizations working as a team to apply the Army standards.

Page 1-3

5. ORGANIZATION

1.This Installation Design Guide is organized to facilitate the preparation and execution of projects to improve Fort Sill’s visual image and ensure designs conform to Army standards to include sustainability.

2. Sections 2 and 3 discuss the process, use, and implementation of the IDS.

3.Section 4 establishes the installation profile. The installation setting, existing land use, and future land use are detailed.

4.Section 5 addresses the development of visual themes and zones. It lists visual themes and zones, specifies assets and liabilities of each zone, and offers recommendations.

5.Section 6 provides a list of prioritized improvement projects. All projects are addressed in terms of existing conditions, design concept, cost estimate, funding and maintenance impact and site plan where applicable.

6.Sections 7 through 12 discuss the six design components that provide the categories used for review and analysis during the visual inventory. The visual impressions of each zone are categorized according to these six design components.

1.6 WHEN TO USE THE INSTALLATION DESIGN GUIDE

1.6.1 This IDS provided installation-specific design data. The General design concepts, recommendations, and standards addressed herein are applicable to all Army installations. This document will be used as a reference t acquire recommendations and Army standards on the design of al facilities, new roads, road widening, parking, sidewalks and other pedestrian paths, bicycle paths, Access Control Points (ACP), site furnishing selection and placement, signage selection and placement, lighting selection and placement, utility corridor selection, and utilities.

Clearing of plant materials and planting of new plant materials will be based upon the guidance herein.

7. MAINTAINING THE INSTALLATION DESIGN GUIDE

1.Since the IDS is a "living document," keeping it up-to-date and accurate will ensure its continued usefulness. Therefore, it will become necessary to revise it as mission, budget, standards, and other conditions generate new planning and design requirements and in response to facility user feedback.

2.In accordance with AR 210-20, Master Planning for Army Installations, the Real Property

Planning Board (RPPB) is the adjudicating body for the Army Installation Design Guide at the installation level. Violations and variances from these standards will be reviewed and adjudicated by the RPPB. The Senior Mission Commander will chair an Installation Planning

Board (IPB) to review and approve the RPPB's actions.

3.The Master Planning team will make an annual review of the IDS, make note of those sections requiring updates to reflect current criteria, standards and conditions, and make appropriate draft changes to those sections. The resulting Draft IDS will be submitted to the annual meeting of the

Real Property Planning Board for comment and approval. Upon approval by the Board, the draft changes will be made permanent.

Page 1-4

8. RESPONSIBILITIES

1.As directed by the Secretary of the Army and the Chief of Staff, Army and approved by the

Army Installation Management Board of Directors the following responsibilities are established:

1. Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management (ACSIM):

Establish Army facility standards and approve deviations from the standards.

Approve Army Installation Design Standards Implementation Plan.

Approve Army Installation Design Standards Investment Strategy.

2. Director Installation Management Command (IMCOM):

Develop and implement the Army Installation Design Standards Implementation Plan.

Develop and implement the Army Installation Design Standards Investment Strategy.

Ensure compliance with the Army Installation Design Standards.

Maintain electronic newsletter for communicating changes in standards.

3. Garrison Commander:

Develop the installation's IDS.

Chair Real Property Planning Board (RPPB) to review and approve projects established on the Prioritized Improvement Projects List (Appendix G) to meet Army standards.

Fig 1.4 - Energy Efficient Lighting Contributes to Sustainability

Fig 1.5 - CO2 Measurements Measure Indoor Air Quality Assisting in Creating a Healthy Environment

Fig 1.3 - Efficient Water Usage Contributes to a High Performance Facility

Page 1-5

Submit Prioritized Improvements Projects List for approval and funding IAW Director, IMCOM instructions after review and approval by Senior Mission Commander.

Enforce IDS standards.

4. Senior Mission Commander:

Review and approve IDS.

Review and approve RPPB prioritized improvement projects list recommendations to meet Army standards prior to submission to IMCOM Region Director.

5. Major Army Command/Tenant:

Participate in installation Real Property Planning Board.

Participate in design and planning charrettes.

Determine project functional requirements.

Participate in design reviews.

Participate in development of Prioritization Projects List.

1.9 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

1.9.1 Practicing the principles of sustainable design in the

planning, design, construction and operation of infrastructure and facilities is a smart business practice. Protecting our natural resources and reducing our impacts on the natural environment is achievable when we create high-performance (Fig 1.3), energy efficient (Fig. 1.4), healthy (Fig. 1.5) and safe buildings.

1.9.2 The Integrated Design Process. Critical to the success of sustainable design and development is the organization and commitment of the team to engage in the Integrated Design Process. To effect change in building design and operation, the project delivery process itself must become a collaborative effort to integrate design strategies among all disciplines and all players in the project delivery process. Integrated design demands a more inclusive team working together than is traditionally the case. Future building users and facility managers must be invited to join architects, engineers, and planners in developing the vision and goals for new facilities.

(Adapted from the HOK Guidebook to Sustainable Design)

3.Appendix D, Sustainable Design, discusses the sustainable design concept and its application to Army projects. Paragraph D.3 discusses the Leadership in Energy and

Environmental Design (LEED) - Green Building Rating System. Per the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installation & Environment) Sustainable Design and Development Policy Update – SPiRiT to LEED Transition Memorandum and the Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management (ACSIM) endorsement of Sustainable Design and Development Policy initiative, the LEED rating system will be used by design professionals in all new construction, additions, or renovation of Army facilities for rating sustainability.

1.The LEED document (Appendix E) was derived from the U.S. Green Building Council LEED

2.0 (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Green Building Rating System.

2. Army Rating Standard.

1.9.3.2.1 The LEED NC (New Construction) rating of "Silver" will be achieved for all FY08 military vertical construction projects. See Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installation & Environment) Sustainable Design and Development Policy Update – SPiRiT to LEED Transition Memorandum

4. Further information on sustainable design can be obtained at the following websites:

Welcome to the Facilities and Housing Directorate: Information on Sustainable Design and Development (SSD) Website This site provides information on the following topics: documentation and references; sustainable process, tools, products and materials; Sustainable Design and Development Training; and links to various sustainable design and development informational website.

U.S Army Corps of Engineers, Engineering Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL), Sustainable Design and Development Website.

Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) This site provides comprehensive and current information on sustainable design strategies and technologies.

1.10 ARMY STANDARDS

1.10.1 Army Standards and References are included in the last two paragraphs of the following sections and appendices: Section 7, Site Planning Design Component; Section 8, Buildings Design Component; Section 9, Circulation Design Component; Section 10, Landscape Design Component; Section 11, Site Element Design Component; Section 12, Force Protection Design Component; Appendix D, Sustainable Design; and Appendix M, Historic Preservation Guidelines.

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2.1 INTRODUCTION

Military installations are hometowns for many of our military families, resources for many veterans and retirees, and an integral part of the surrounding communities. This Installation Design Guide (IDS) provides direction for achieving a sense of community, order, tradition, and pride on our installations. This section provides a brief overview of the IDS developmental process and methodology detailed in Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 2-600-01, Installation Design.

2. THE DESIGN GUIDE PROCESS

1.The IDS includes a process for analysis, planning, design and implementation. This process includes the following steps:

1.Setting Goals and Objectives. The installation develops a set of goals and objectives that address the visual requirements of the installation. These goals and objectives provide a pre-determined image that helps create a visually pleasing and optimally functional environment.

2.Conduct Visual and Spatial Surveys. Two visual surveys are preformed in the preparation of the IDS. The first survey establishes the visual zones and themes of the installation. The second survey documents the assets and liabilities within each visual zone. Chapter 5 of UFC 2-600-01 details the method for conducting the installation visual survey.

2.2.1.2.1 Establish Visual Zones and Themes.

2.2.1.2.1.1 The Information gathered during the first survey is used to establish the visual zones. The visual zones are delineated by the visual characteristics of an area defined as the

Section 2

PROCESS AND IMPLEMENTATION

Page 2-1

Fig. 2.1 – Include Positive Visual

Elements

Objective

Existing

"look and feel" of an area together with the dominant features that help define its image. A functional analysis of each zone organizes the visual impressions and assesses their functional relationships to determine the visual character and unifying motif. Typical visual characteristics include unique buildings, vehicular and pedestrian corridors, functional use, natural features, and spatial relationships.

2.2.1.2.1.2 Visual zones with similar characteristics are then grouped together to form a broader category called themes. Example themes include, community life theme, operations support theme, buffer/open space theme, and industrial theme.

2.2.1.2.2 Determine Assets and Liabilities. The second survey a visual zone inventory is conducted. During the survey each visual zone is analyzed for specific visual impacts. The objective of the inventory is to define the visual assets and liabilities within the visual zone.

2.2.1.2.2.1 Assets. Assets are positive visual elements, design elements or features that enhance the surroundings, either visually or functionally (Fig 2.1).

2.2.1.2.2.2 Liabilities. Liabilities are negative visual elements, design elements or features that detract from the visual image or functionality of the surroundings. Liabilities should be corrected through appropriate design measures and are the basis for recommendations for improvement.

2.2.1.3 Recommendations and Implementation Plan. The

assessment of each visual zone includes recommendations to correct liabilities and where desired to enhance assets. The recommendations are in the form of specific projects and are described in detail Section 6, Improvement Projects of the IDS.

2.2.2. Design Components.

The following six design components, described in sections 7 through 12, provide guidelines and standards from which to conduct the visual zone review and analysis.

Section 7, Site Planning

Section 8, Buildings

Section 9, Circulation

Section 10, Landscape

Section 11, Site Elements

Section 12, Force Protection

2.2.3 Design Principles. The visual inventory and analysis requires an understanding of basic design principles. These design principles are discussed in Section 3, paragraph 3.4.

Page 2-2

2.2.4 Visual Elements. The basic design principles are utilized to define the visual elements described in Section 3, paragraph 3.5. The assessment and classification of visual elements follows basic design principles describing "good" (positive visuals elements) and "not so good" (negative visual elements) design.

3. USING THE DESIGN GUIDE

1.Use this IDS in determining the general design and construction considerations inherent in the preparation of project plans. The IDS provides design guidelines and Army-wide design standards intended to be used in all maintenance, repair, renovation and new construction projects. The IDS applies to all projects, regardless of the funding source.

2.The following steps illustrate how the design guide is used for the preparation of plans for new construction, renovation, maintenance and repair projects on Fort Sill (Fig. 2.2):

1.Step 1: Review the Installation Profile information included in this IDS (Section 4).

2.Step 2: Review the IDS analysis criteria information

(Section 3) including design goals and objectives, visual elements, and design principles.

3.Step 3: Review the applicable references, guidelines, and standards of the design components. These include site planning, buildings, circulation, landscaping, site elements and force protection and are discussed in Sections 7 through 12 respectively.

2.3.2.4 Step 4: Review the information and description of the installation themes in Section 5, paragraph 5.2.

5.Step 5: Select the zone where the project will be located from Section 5, Visual Themes and Zones. Review the assets, liabilities, and recommendations for that zone.

6.Step 6: Select the appropriate guidelines or standards from the design components addressed in Sections 7 through 12.

7. Step 7: Assemble all materials gathered in steps 1 through 5 above.

2.4 IMPLEMENTATION

2.4.1 IDS Review and Approval. Procedures for review and approval of the IDS are being considered by the Directorate of Public Works Master Planning Division and will be provides as soon as they become available.

Fig. 2.2– Using the Design Guide

Page 2-3

2. Compliance.

1.For the IDS to work optimally as a management tool, it is essential that the Master Planner or designated representative establish an understanding of the IDS among the parties concerned with its use. This can best be established at the RPPB level where all installation principles are represented. The Directorate of Public Works (DPW) staff Master Planner or designated representative shall insure that the guidelines and requirements of the IDS are readily available to, and understood by, all parties involved in the design of new facilities, design of additions or alterations to existing facilities, or maintenance.

2.The Master Planner or designee, acting in support of the RPPB, is the first level reviewer of projects (SRM, MCA, and NAF to include Design Build) and other requests for actions that involve compliance with IDS guidelines and standards.

3.The Garrison Commander, supported and advised by the RPPB, is the final authority in enforcement of the IDS guidelines and standards.

4.The Installation Planning Board chaired by the Senior Mission Commander, will monitor development of the installation planning process and provide guidance to other installation boards and the Garrison Command for areas such as:

Strategic Planning

Real Property Planning

Range Planning

Communications Planning

3. Project Approval.

1.Project requests to include a 4283 shall be submitted to the DPW or equivalent and will include the required Design Team IDS Checklist discussed below.

2. Design Team IDS Checklist.

1.The Design Team IDS Checklist is to be completed by the design team to assure the guidelines and standards have been considered in the design process. The Design Team IDS

Checklist is provided in Appendix A.

2.The Designer of Record or Design Agent shall provide a copy of the completed checklist to the Master Planner, together with a signed certification statement with each design submittal.

The checklist along with concept site plans and elevations for each design submittal shall be provided to the Master Planner for review. If the Master Planner or designated representative concurs, the plan and the signed checklist are forwarded to the RPPB for final approval.

3. The accepted checklist shall become a part of the project record files.

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2.4.4 Customer Funded Projects

2.4.4.1 Self-help Projects, and Occupant Purchased and Installed Site Furnishings and

Features Projects:

Procedures for approving these type projects are being considered by the Directorate of Public

Works, Master Planning Division and will be provides as soon as they become available.

5. Request for Waiver.

1.A request of waiver from the Design Guide Checklist (Appendix A) will be submitted to the

Master Planning office for approval by the RPPB.

2.A request for waiver from the Army standards shall be submitted to the Assistant Chief of

Staff for Installation Management for approval.

6. Checklists (Optional).

1. Projects Requirements Checklist (Optional).

It is recommended that this checklist be used as a pre-design planning tool for initiating projects and to present a functional description of the project at MILCON Planning Charrettes and

Design Charrettes. The checklist can assist participants of the charrettes in project formulation and documentation. By the nature of the planning process all the data on the forms will not be completed, however, the form should be completed to the greatest extend possible prior to the charrettes. The checklist can also be used to document the results of the planning or design charrettes. The Projects Requirement Checklist is provided at Appendix B.

2. Interior Design Review Checklist (Optional).

It is recommended that the Interior Design Review Checklist be used during review of a Request for Proposal (RFP) submission or an AE or in-house design prior to solicitations. The

Interior Design Review Checklist is provided at Appendix C.

2.4.7 The requirement to use the IDS as a design tool in all facility planning, design, and construction should be included in the Request for Proposals on new projects, Scopes of Work for new projects, and maintenance agreements.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.The Army Installation Design Guide process depends upon the development of visual goals and objectives and the identification of visual elements. Goals and objectives provide the desired visual context of the installation.

2.Basic design principles are used to assess, define, and classify visual elements. This assessment becomes the design criteria used to determine the visual character of the installation. These design criteria are used for design decisions in the review of existing visual context and determination of project recommendation.

2. Goals, Objectives and recommendations

Chapter 4 of the UFC 2-600-01 discusses the goals, objectives and recommendations process and gives examples.

1.Goal 1. Maintain the overall Spanish Mission appearance on the Post where appropriate.

Objective. Establish the minimum visual elements that constitute the Spanish Mission appearance for each visual zone.

Recommendations:

Red terracotta colored, pitched roofs

Stucco appearing exterior wall finishes

Arched openings

Curvilinear parapets

Section 3

ANALYSIS CRITERIA

Page 3- 1

Fig. 3.1 – Include Positive Visual Elements

Objective

Existing

Page 3- 2

3.2.2 Goal 2. Maintain the integrity of all visual zones.

a. Objective. Require use of IDS Compliance Checklist for all new construction and renovation projects that have potential to change the character of a visual zone.

b. Recommendations:

Completed IDS Compliance Checklist is reviewed and approved by the Master

Planning Office for such projects.

3.2.3 Goal 3. Reduce and eliminate visual clutter.

a. Objective: Prepare Post wide utility theme that results in the elimination of all unnecessary above ground utilities (Fig 3.1).

b. Recommendations:

Establish policy that utilities for all new construction be located underground.

Establish policy that existing above ground utilities will be eliminated where and when possible.

3.2.4 Goal 4. Ensure that changes and developments

include consideration for the natural environment.

a. Objective: Prepare a Post-wide landscape theme to manage and enhance the visual impact of the installation.

b. Recommendations:

Prepare a Landscape Plan focusing on Post access gates and major roadways.

Prepare an Urban Forest Management Plan

3.3 IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF VISUAL ELEMENTS

3.3.1 Basic design principles define visual elements and assess their character.

4. DESIGN PRINCIPLES

The visual inventory and analysis requires an understanding of basic design principles. The primary principles are:

Scale - The proportional relationship of humans to their spatial environment. The scale should result in a comfortable relationship for the user and will vary as space, size and activities vary (Fig. 3.2).

Form - The size and shape of mass. Individual forms should be designed to complement one another and the environment.

Fig. 3.2 – Monumental & Human Scale

Function – The use of a space or an area. Function is gauged by the degree to which the space works for its intended purpose.

Color – All elements of the visual environment have color. The use and arrangement of colors greatly determine the visual impact of all elements.

Texture – All elements of the visual environment have texture. The use and blending of textures greatly impact the visual environment.

Unity – All elements of the visual environment should blend to complement one another.

Repetition of scale, form, color, and texture results in a unified visual impression.

Framing – All views include a ground plane, side planes, and overhead plane. The relationship of planes changes as the individual moves through the environment (Fig. 3.3).

Fig 3.3 – Parade Ground Axis with Building

Axis – An axis is a linear progression of space caosnTneermctininugs two or more dominant features.

Terminus – A terminus is the end of an axis and is typically defined by a dominant feature such as a building.

Balance – Visual elements are composed to be symmetrical or asymmetrical. In either case, visual elements should be sized and located to provide visual balance (Fig. 3.4).

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3.3.2 The assessment and classification of visual elements follows basic design principles describing "good" and "not so good" design. Their assessment becomes the design criteria used to determine the visual character of Fort Sill.

Figure 3.4 – Symmetrical Elements

Fig. 3.5 - Buildings Are Typically the Dominant Feature on an Installation

Fig. 3.6 - Landmarks Provide Orientation of Place

Page 3- 4

Sustainability - Practicing the principles of sustainable design in the planning, design, construction and operation of infrastructure and facilities is a smart business practice (See Appendix D).

3.5 VISUAL ELEMENTS

The visual elements described below include manmade and natural features and their inter-relationship. This Installation Design Guide provides guidance on how to recognize the visual impacts of Fort Sill and how to improve upon them if warranted.

Natural Characteristics - Regional and site characteristics that have been preserved and enhanced as a part of the installation.

Edges and Boundaries - Linear elements such as walls, fences, or trees create separation of use and activities.

Buildings and Structures - Typically the most dominant features of an installation (Fig. 3.5).

Their location and design characteristics determine the primary visual image.

Activity Nodes - Centers of activity that attract people on a daily basis.

Landmarks - Visually or historically prominent features such as towers, statues, static displays, or buildings that provide identity and orientation of place (Fig. 3.6).

Entrances and Gates - Provide the first and last impression of an installation.

Circulation System - Includes streets, railroad tracks, trails, sidewalks, parking lots, driveways, delivery areas and bicycle paths. The circulation system utilizes a large amount of space and creates significant visual impact.

Trees and Other Vegetation - Trees and other vegetation frame views, provide visual screens, shade, color, and interest.

Fig. 3.7 - Street Trees Improve the Overall Visual Quality of the Installation

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Street Trees - Street trees soften, complement, and define the road hierarchy, and improve the overall visual quality of an installation (Fig. 3.7).

Views and Vistas - Scenic and attractive views and vistas should be enhanced. Unattractive views should be screened or eliminated if possible.

Open Spaces - Open space areas create visual impact and can be designed to either separate or integrate adjacent uses.

Signage - A coordinated installation signage plan, addressing both exterior and interior signage, should be developed to facilitate circulation and provide useful information.

Utility Corridors - Utilities should be in corridors and unsightly above ground utilities minimized.

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Fig. 4.2 – Original Post Site Plan

4.1 SETTING

4.1.1 Regional Setting

Fort sill is located in Comanche County in southwestern Oklahoma, an area of rolling prairies adjacent to and partially located in the Wichita Mountains (Fig. 4.1).

Lawton, a city of approximately 111,000 people is located immediately adjacent to the Installation’s southern boundary. Fort Sill's population varies and may support as many as 60,000 personnel. Comanche County’s population is over 119,000.

4.1.2 History of the Installation

4.1.2.1. The site of Fort Sill was staked out on January 8, 1869 by Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan who led a Campaign into Indian Territory to stop hostile tribes from raiding border settlements in Texas and Kansas (Fig. 4.2).

Sheridan's massive winter campaign involved six cavalry regiments accompanied by frontier scouts such as "Buffalo Bill" Cody, "Wild Bill" Hickok, Ben Clark and Jack Stilwell. Troops camped at the location of the new fort included the 7th Cavalry, the 19th Kansas Volunteers and the 10th Cavalry, a distinguished group of black "buffalo soldiers" who constructed many of the stone buildings still surrounding the Old Post Quadrangle.

Section 4

INSTALLATION PROFILE

Page 4- 1

Fig. 4.1 – Regional Map

Fig. 4.3 – Early Post Quadrangle Looking Southeast

The first post commander was Brevet Maj. Gen. Benjamin Grierson and the first Indian agent was Colonel Albert Gallatin Boone, grandson of Daniel Boone. Several months after the establishment of Fort Sill, President Grant approved a peace policy placing responsibility for the Southwest tribes under Quaker Indian agents. Fort Sill soldiers were restricted from taking punitive action against the Indians who interpreted this as a sign of weakness. They resumed raiding the Texas frontier and used Fort Sill as a sanctuary. In 1871 General of the Army William Tecumseh Sherman arrived at Fort Sill to find several Kiowa chiefs boasting about a wagon train massacre. When Sherman ordered their arrest during a meeting on Grierson's porch two of the Indians attempted to assassinate him. In memory of the event, the Commanding General's quarters were dubbed Sherman House.

3.In June 1874 the Comanches, Kiowas and Southern Cheyenne went on the warpath and the South Plains shook with the hoof beats of Indian raiders. The resulting Red River

Campaign, which lasted a year, was a war of attrition involving relentless pursuit by converging military columns. Without a chance to graze their livestock and faced with a disappearance of the great buffalo herds, the hostile tribes eventually surrendered. Quanah Parker and his Quohada Comanches were the last to abandon the struggle and their arrival at Fort Sill in June 1875 marked the end of Indian warfare on the south

Plains. Until the territory opened for settlement, Fort Sill's mission was one of law enforcement and soldiers protected the

Indians from outlaws, squatters and cattle rustlers.

4.In 1894 Geronimo (Fig. 4.4) and 341 other Apache prisoners of war were brought to Fort Sill where they lived in villages on the range. Geronimo was granted permission to travel for a while with Pawnee Bill's Wild West Show and he visited President Theodore Roosevelt before dying here of pneumonia in 1909.

The rest of the Apaches remained on Fort Sill until 1913 and they were taught by Lt. Hugh L. Scott to build

Fig. 4.4 - Apache Chief Geronimo

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4.1.2.2. At first the garrison was called "Camp Wichita" and referred to by the Indians as "The

Soldier House at Medicine Bluffs." Sheridan later named it in honor of his West Point classmate and friend, Brigadier General Joshua W. Sill, who was killed during the Civil War (Fig. 4.3).

http://sill-www.army.mil/pao/joshua_w_sill.htm

Fig. 4.5 – School of Fire houses, raise crops and herd cattle. Scott also commanded troop L of the 7th Cavalry, a unit comprised entirely of Indians and considered one of the best in the west. Indian scout I-See-O and other members of the troop are credited with helping tribes on the South Plains to avert the bloody Ghost Dance uprising of the 1890s in which many died on the North Plains.

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4.1.2.5. The Last Indian lands in Oklahoma opened for

settlement in 1901 and 29,000 homesteaders registered at Fort Sill during July for the land lottery. On August 6 the town of Lawton sprang up and quickly grew to become the third largest city in Oklahoma. With the disappearance of the frontier, the mission of Fort Sill gradually changed from cavalry to field artillery. The first artillery battery arrived at Fort Sill in 1902 and the last cavalry regiment departed in May 1907. The School of Fire (Fig. 4.5) for the Field Artillery was founded at Fort Sill in 1911 and continues to operate today as the world renowned U.S. Army Field Artillery School. At various times Fort Sill has also served as home to the Infantry school of Musketry, the School for Aerial Observers, the Air Service Flying School, the Army Aviation School, and the Army Guided Missile School. Today as the U.S. Army Field Artillery Center, Fort Sill remains the only active Army installation of all the forts on the South Plains built during the Indian wars. It serves as a National Historic Landmark and home of the Field Artillery for the free world.

3.Environmental Setting: Fort Sill’s location in the Southern Great Plains is conducive to a healthy human environment. The air quality at Fort Sill and the surrounding region is good.

Water supply and quality are very good with numerous courses on the Installation that are clean.

Domestic water is supplied from several area lakes and is purified and provided by the city of Lawton.

1.Topography: Fort Sill’s cantonment area is situated along and immediately west of a major drainage basin, with two of its contributories running in an east, southeasterly direction across the Installation. Approximately 70 percent of the reservation is level to sloping and moderately rolling grassland. The other 30 percent is rough terrain with slopes which range from 5 to 20percent. Elevations at Fort Sill range from 1,083 to 2,208 feet MSL. The greatest relief at Fort Sill occurs in the West Range and Quanah Range areas. The West Range lies near the eastern extremity of the Wichita Mountains, although McKenzie Hill, within the cantonment area of the post, is the easternmost surface expression of these mountains. The eastern third of the military reservation is characterized by rolling and more subdued topography, although there are occasional hills that are quite noticeable, such as Dodge Hill, Bald RIDSe, Caddo Hill, Adams Hill, and Arbuckle Hill. Other than these hills and rIDSes, the area is dominated by broadly rolling land and wide, flat stream bottoms.

Additional information may be obtained by contacting Fort Sill IRP Manager, DPW –

Environmental Quality Division.

2.Geology: A short explanation of the Fort Sill’s geology, west range is at the trailing edge of the Wichita Mountains. The Wichita Mountains are estimated to be a 525-550 million year old eroded-granite mountain range. Wichita Mountains have a relatively complex geology consisting of a central mass of crystalline rocks surrounded by a thick section of sandstone, limestone, chert, and dolomite. The Carlton Rhyolite and the Wichita Granite make up the principal mass of the mountains. These are the oldest units that are exposed on Fort Sill, consisting of pink-to-red, coarse-to-fine-grained granite (Wichita) and pink, red, and dark gray, fine-grained Rhyolite (Carlton). Erosion has worn away and smoothed this once mountainous area to a series of low hills and rIDSes. The Wichita Mountains have resisted erosion and combined with additional late Paleozoic (200 million years ago) uplift has created the steep-sided hills and mountains present today in the vicinity of Fort Sill.

Additional information may be obtained by contacting Fort Sill IRP Manager, DPW –

Environmental Quality Division.

3.Soils: Pleistocene to Recent alluvial deposits overlie the Permian litohologic units. In the northwest and central parts of Fort Sill, the alluvial deposits consist of sand, gravel, and cobbles, and occur in the upland valleys of the Wichita Mountains. The alluvial soils on the stream floodplains are commonly silty clay or clayey silt with an underlying clay pan of low to medium plasticity.

The southern part of Fort Sill is dominated by silty clay soils of low to high…