02 30 00.pdf

North Park Lake Section 206 Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Project Phase I

SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 02 - EXISTING CONDITIONS

SECTION 02 30 00

EARTHWORK

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

1.2 REFERENCES

1.3 DEFINITIONS

1.3.1 Satisfactory Materials

1.3.2 Unsatisfactory Materials

1.3.3 Cohesionless and Cohesive Materials

1.3.4 Degree of Compaction

1.3.5 Topsoil

1.4 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

1.4.1 Classification of Excavation

1.4.1.1 Common Excavation

1.4.1.2 Rock Excavation

1.4.2 Blasting

1.5 SUBMITTALS

PART 2 PRODUCTS (Not Applicable)

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 STRIPPING OF TOPSOIL

3.2 GENERAL EXCAVATION

3.2.1 Ditches, Gutters, and Channel Changes

3.2.2 Underground Utilities

3.2.3 Lakebed Excavation

3.3 OPENING AND DRAINAGE OF EXCAVATION

3.4 GRADING AREAS

3.5 GROUND SURFACE PREPARATION

3.5.1 General Requirements

3.5.2 Frozen Material

3.6 UTILIZATION OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS

3.7 BACKFILLING AND COMPACTION

3.8 SUBGRADE PREPARATION

3.8.1 Proof Rolling

3.8.2 Construction

3.8.3 Compaction

3.9 FINISHING

3.9.1 Subgrade and Embankments

3.9.2 Grading Around Structures

3.10 PLACING TOPSOIL

3.11 TESTING

3.11.1 Fill and Backfill Material Gradation

3.11.2 In-Place Densities

3.11.3 Check Tests on In-Place Densities

SECTION 02 30 00 Page 1 W911WN-09-B-0005 Revised by Amendment 0003

3.11.4 Moisture Contents

3.11.5 Optimum Moisture and Laboratory Maximum Density

3.11.6 Tolerance Tests for Subgrades

-- End of Section Table of Contents --

SECTION 02 30 00 Page 2

SECTION 02 30 00

EARTHWORK

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

This section addresses the requirements of furnishing all labor, equipment, materials, and supplies necessary to complete excavations within North Park Lake as well as all earthwork required at the Wildwood Sediment Placement Area.

1.2 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS

(AASHTO)

AASHTO T 180 (2001; R 2004) Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammer and an 457-mm (18-in) Drop

AASHTO T 224 (2001; R 2004) Correction for Coarse Particles in the Soil Compaction Test

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM C 136 (2006) Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

ASTM D 1140 (2000; R 2006) Amount of Material in Soils Finer than the No. 200 (75-micrometer) Sieve

ASTM D 1556 (2007) Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method

ASTM D 1557 (2007) Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3) (2700 kN-m/m3)

ASTM D 2487 (2006) Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)

ASTM D 422 (1963; R 2007) Particle-Size Analysis of Soils

ASTM D 4318 (2005) Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils

ASTM D 6938 (2007a) Standard Test Method for In-Place

SECTION 02 30 00 Page 3

Density and Water Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)

1.3 DEFINITIONS

1.3.1 Satisfactory Materials

Satisfactory materials shall consist of existing earth materials to be excavated from North Park Lake and disposedstockpiled of at the Wildwood Sediment Placement Area that are comprised of materials classified by ASTM D 2487, as approved by the Contracting Officer. All trucks hauling material from the lake shall be washed prior to leaving the access ramps.

1.3.2 Unsatisfactory Materials

Materials which do not comply with the requirements for satisfactory materials are unsatisfactory. Unsatisfactory materials also include man-made fills; trash; refuse; backfills from previous construction; and material classified as satisfactory which contains root and other organic matter or frozen material. Notify the Contracting Officer when encountering any contaminated materials.

1.3.3 Cohesionless and Cohesive Materials

Cohesionless materials include materials classified in ASTM D 2487 as GW, GP, SW, and SP. Cohesive materials include materials classified as GC, SC, ML, CL, MH, and CH. Materials classified as GM and SM will be identified as cohesionless only when the fines are nonplastic. Perform testing, required for classifying materials, in accordance with ASTM D 4318, ASTM C 136, ASTM D 422, and ASTM D 1140.

1.3.4 Degree of Compaction

Degree of compaction required, except as noted in the second sentence, is expressed as a percentage of the maximum density obtained by the test procedure presented in ASTM D 1557 abbreviated as a percent of laboratory maximum density. Since ASTM D 1557 applies only to soils that have 30 percent or less by weight of their particles retained on the 3/4 inch sieve, express the degree of compaction for material having more than 30 percent by weight of their particles retained on the 3/4 inch sieve as a percentage of the maximum density in accordance with AASHTO T 180 and corrected with AASHTO T 224. To maintain the same percentage of coarse material, use the "remove and replace" procedure as described in NOTE 8 of Paragraph 7.2 in AASHTO T 180.

1.3.5 Topsoil

Material suitable for topsoils obtained from off-site areas or excavations is defined as: Natural, friable soil representative of productive, well-drained soils in the area, free of subsoil, stumps, rocks larger than one inch diameter, brush, weeds, toxic substances, and other material detrimental to plant growth. Amend topsoil pH range to obtain a pH of 5.5 to 7.

SECTION 02 30 00 Page 4

1.4 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

1.4.1 Classification of Excavation

Finish the specified excavation on a classified basis, in accordance with the following designations and classifications.

1.4.1.1 Common Excavation

Include common excavation with the satisfactory removal and disposal of all materials not classified as rock excavation.

1.4.1.2 Rock Excavation

Include rock excavation with blasting, excavating, grading, disposing of material classified as rock, and the satisfactory removal and disposal of boulders 1/2 cubic yard or more in volume; solid rock; rock material that is in ledges, bedded deposits, and unstratified masses, which cannot be removed without systematic drilling and blasting; firmly cemented conglomerate deposits possessing the characteristics of solid rock impossible to remove without systematic drilling and blasting; and hard materials (see Definitions). Include the removal of any concrete or masonry structures, except pavements, exceeding 1/2 cubic yard in volume that may be encountered in the work in this classification. If at any time during excavation, the Contractor encounters material that may be classified as rock excavation, uncover such material and notify the Contracting Officer. Do not proceed with the excavation of this material until the Contracting Officer has classified the materials as common excavation or rock excavation and has taken cross sections as required.

Failure on the part of the Contractor to uncover such material, notify the Contracting Officer, and allow ample time for classification and cross sectioning of the undisturbed surface of such material will cause the forfeiture of the Contractor's right of claim to any classification or volume of material to be paid for other than that allowed by the Contracting Officer for the areas of work in which such deposits occur.

1.4.2 Blasting

Blasting will not be permitted.

1.5 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government. Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals

Lake Access Plan; G, RE

Submit 30 days prior to starting work. The Contractor shall not access the lake with equipment until the Lake Access Plan has been approved.

SD-03 Product Data

Rock Excavation

SECTION 02 30 00 Page 5

Opening of any Excavation Utilization of Excavated Materials; G, RE

Procedure and location for disposal of all excavated material.

Notification of encountering rock in the project. Advance notice on the opening of excavation.

SD-06 Test Reports

Testing

Within 24 hours of conclusion of physical tests, six (6) copies of test results, including calibration curves and results of calibration tests.

SD-07 Certificates

Testing

Qualifications of the Corps validated commercial testing laboratory or the Contractor's validated testing facilities.

PART 2 PRODUCTS (Not Applicable)

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 STRIPPING OF TOPSOIL

Where indicated or directed, strip topsoil to a depth of 4 inches. Spread topsoil on areas already graded and prepared for topsoil, or transported and deposited in stockpiles convenient to areas that are to receive application of the topsoil later, or at locations indicated or specified.

Keep topsoil separate from other excavated materials, brush, litter, objectionable weeds, roots, stones larger than 2 inches in diameter, and other materials that would interfere with planting and maintenance operations. Any surplus of topsoil from excavations and gradings shall be disposed of off-site at a properly permitted disposal site, unless otherwise directed by the Contracting Officer.

3.2 GENERAL EXCAVATION

Perform excavation of every type of material encountered within the limits of the project to the lines, grades, and elevations indicated and as specified. Perform the grading in accordance with the typical sections shown and the tolerances specified in paragraph "Finishing". Transport satisfactory excavated materials and placestockpile at the sediment placement area within the limits of the work. Excavate unsatisfactory materials encountered within the limits of the work below grade and replace with satisfactory materials as directed. Include such excavated material and the satisfactory material ordered as replacement in excavation.

Dispose surplus satisfactory excavated material not required for fill or embankment in areas approved for surplus material storage or designated disposal areas approved by the Contracting Officer. Dispose of unsatisfactory excavated material in designated disposal areas, unless otherwise directed by the Contracting Officer. During construction, perform excavation and fill in a manner and sequence that will provide proper drainage at all times.

SECTION 02 30 00 Page 6

3.2.1 Ditches, Gutters, and Channel Changes

Finish excavation of ditches, gutters, and channel changes by cutting accurately to the cross sections, grades, and elevations shown on the contract drawings. Do not excavate ditches and gutters below grades shown. Backfill the excessive open ditch or gutter excavation with satisfactory, thoroughly compacted, material or with suitable stone or cobble to grades shown. Dispose excavated material as shown or as directed, except in no case allow material be deposited a maximum 4 feet from edge of a ditch. Maintain excavations free from detrimental quantities of leaves, brush, sticks, trash, and other debris until final acceptance of the work.

3.2.2 Underground Utilities

The Contractor is responsible for movement of construction machinery and equipment over pipes and utilities during construction. Perform work adjacent to non-Government utilities as indicated in accordance with procedures outlined by utility company. Excavation made with power-driven equipment is not permitted within two feet of known Government-owned utility or subsurface construction. For work immediately adjacent to or for excavations exposing a utility or other buried obstruction, excavate by hand. Start hand excavation on each side of the indicated obstruction and continue until the obstruction is uncovered or until clearance for the new grade is assured. Support uncovered lines or other existing work affected by the contract excavation until approval for backfill is granted by the Contracting Officer. Report damage to utility lines or subsurface construction immediately to the Contracting Officer.

3.2.3 Lakebed Excavation

The Contractor shall submit a Lake Access Plan describing the measures for excavating and hauling sediment within the lake area from the point of excavation to the access ramps. The equipment, materials, and procedures used in this process shall be presented, and shall include contingencies for movement over soft/wet soils to prevent equipment from sinking in the moist sediment. The Contractor shall excavate and/or grade lakebed sediment to the limits shown on the drawings for the purpose of evaluating the moisture content of the excavated sediment to determine the most efficient and cost-effective method to excavate, load onto trucks, haul, and placestockpile the sediment at the Wildwood Sediment Placement Area.

The Contractor may stage, grade, or windrow sediment within the existing lakebed limits or at the Wildwood Sediment Placement Area, but under no circumstances shall sediment be placed and compacted at the Wildwood Sediment Placement Area with a moisture content greater than 15 percent.

The Contractor shall implement measures needed to remove water from the void spaces of the sediment after the free water has been drained, thereby reducing the time required to dry the sediment. The Contractor shall implement measures during hauling to prevent spillage of sediment on roadways used for sediment hauling.

3.3 OPENING AND DRAINAGE OF EXCAVATION

Notify the Contracting Officer sufficiently in advance of the opening of any excavation to permit elevations and measurements of the undisturbed ground surface to be taken. Except as otherwise permitted, excavate excavation areas providing adequate drainage. Transport excavated material to designated disposal areas or otherwise dispose of as directed by the Contracting Officer. Ensure that excavation of any area, or dumping of

SECTION 02 30 00 Page 7 excavated material, results in minimum detrimental effects on natural environmental conditions.

3.4 GRADING AREAS

Where indicated, divide work into grading areas within which satisfactory excavated material will be placed in the disposal placement sites. Do not haul satisfactory material excavated in one grading area to another grading area except when so directed in writing. Place and grade stockpiles of satisfactory and unsatisfactory as specified. Keep stockpiles in a neat and well drained condition, giving due consideration to drainage at all times. Clear, grub, and seal by rubber-tired equipment, the ground surface at stockpile locations; separately stockpile excavated satisfactory and unsatisfactory materials. Protect stockpiles of satisfactory materials from contamination which may destroy the quality and fitness of the stockpiled material. If the Contractor fails to protect the stockpiles, and any material becomes unsatisfactory, remove and replace such material with satisfactory material from approved sources.

3.5 GROUND SURFACE PREPARATION

3.5.1 General Requirements

Remove and replace unsatisfactory material with satisfactory materials, as directed by the Contracting Officer, in surfaces to receive fill or in excavated areas. Scarify the surface to a depth of 6 inches before the fill is started. Plow, step, bench, or break up sloped surfaces steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal so that the fill material will bond with the existing material. When subgrades are less than the specified density, break up the ground surface to a minimum depth of 6 inches, pulverizing, and compacting to the specified density. When the subgrade is part fill and part excavation or natural ground, scarify the excavated or natural ground portion to a depth of 12 inch and compact it as specified for the adjacent fill.

3.5.2 Frozen Material

Do not place material on surfaces that are muddy, frozen, or contain frost. Finish compaction by sheepsfoot rollers, pneumatic-tired rollers, steel-wheeled rollers, or other approved equipment well suited to the soil being compacted. Moisten material as necessary to provide the moisture content that will readily facilitate obtaining the specified compaction with the equipment used.

3.6 UTILIZATION OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS

DisposeStockpile satisfactory and unsatisfactory materials removed from excavations into designated sediment placement areas. Clear and grub newly designated waste areas on Government-controlled land before disposal of excavated material thereon. Stockpile and use coarse rock from excavations for constructing slopes or embankments adjacent to streams, or sides and bottoms of channels and for protecting against erosion. Do not dispose excavated material to obstruct the flow of any stream, endanger a partly finished structure, impair the efficiency or appearance of any structure, or be detrimental to the completed work in any way.

3.7 BACKFILLING AND COMPACTION

Place excavated material in the sediment placement areasBackfill material

SECTION 02 30 00 Page 8 in layers of a maximum of 12 inches loose thickness, or adjacent to any and all types of structures within these areas, and compact to at least 90 percent laboratory maximum density for cohesive materials or 95 percent laboratory maximum density for cohesionless materials, to prevent wedging action or eccentric loading upon or against the structure. Prepare ground surface on which excavated material is to be placed as specified in paragraph "Ground Surface Preparation". Provide compaction requirements for placed excavated materials in conformance with the applicable portions of paragraphs "Ground Surface Preparation". Finish compaction by sheepsfoot rollers, pneumatic-tired rollers, steel-wheeled rollers, vibratory compactors, or other approved equipment.

3.8 SUBGRADE PREPARATION

3.8.1 Proof Rolling

Finish proof rolling on an exposed subgrade free of surface water (wet conditions resulting from rainfall) which would promote degradation of an otherwise acceptable subgrade. After stripping, proof roll the existing subgrade of the sediment placement areas with six passes of a 15 ton, pneumatic-tired roller. Operate the roller in a systematic manner to ensure the number of passes over all areas, and at speeds between 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 mph. Notify the Contracting Officer a minimum of 3 days prior to proof rolling. Perform proof rolling in the presence of the Contracting Officer. Undercut rutting or pumping of material as directed by the Contracting Officer and replace with satisfactory material.

3.8.2 Construction

Shape subgrade to line, grade, and cross section, and compact as specified. Include plowing, disking, and any moistening or aerating required to obtain specified compaction for this operation. Remove soft or otherwise unsatisfactory material and replace with satisfactory excavated material or other approved material as directed. Excavate rock encountered in the cut section to a depth of 6 inches below finished grade for the subgrade. Bring up low areas resulting from removal of unsatisfactory material or excavation of rock to required grade with satisfactory materials, and shape the entire subgrade to line, grade, and cross section and compact as specified. After rolling, do not show deviations for the surface of the subgrade for roadways greater than 1/2 inch when tested with a 12-foot straightedge applied both parallel and at right angles to the centerline of the area. Do not vary the elevation of the finish subgrade more than 0.10 foot from the established grade and cross section.

3.8.3 Compaction

Finish compaction by sheepsfoot rollers, pneumatic-tired rollers, steel-wheeled rollers, vibratory compactors, or other approved equipment.

Except for paved areas and railroads, compact each layer of the embankment to at least 90 percent of laboratory maximum density for cohesive materials or 95 percent laboratory maximum density for cohesionless materials.

3.9 FINISHING

Finish the surface of excavations, embankments, and subgrades to a smooth and compact surface in accordance with the lines, grades, and cross sections or elevations shown. Provide the degree of finish for graded areas within 0.10 foot of the grades and elevations indicated except that the degree of finish for subgrades specified in paragraph "Subgrade

SECTION 02 30 00 Page 9

Preparation". Finish gutters and ditches in a manner that will result in effective drainage. Finish the surface of areas to be turfed from settlement or washing to a smoothness suitable for the application of turfing materials. Repair graded, topsoiled, or backfilled areas prior to acceptance of the work, and re-established grades to the required elevations and slopes.

3.9.1 Subgrade and Embankments

During construction, keep embankments and excavations shaped and drained.

Maintain ditches and drains along subgrade to drain effectively at all times. Do no disturb the finished subgrade by traffic or other operation.

Protect and maintain the finished subgrade in a satisfactory condition until all materials have been placed. Do not permit the storage or stockpiling of materials on the finished subgrade. Do not lay materials until the subgrade has been checked and approved, and in no case place materials on a muddy, spongy, or frozen subgrade.

3.9.2 Grading Around Structures

Construct areas within 5 feet outside of each structure line true-to-grade, shape to drain, and maintain free of trash and debris until final inspection has been completed and the work has been accepted.

3.10 PLACING TOPSOIL

On areas to receive topsoil, prepare the compacted subgrade soil to a 2 inch depth for bonding of topsoil with subsoil. Spread topsoil evenly to a thickness of 4 inches and grade to the elevations and slopes shown. Do not spread topsoil when frozen or excessively wet or dry. Obtain material required for topsoil in excess of that produced by excavation within the grading limits from off-site areas or satisfactory topsoil from excavations.

3.11 TESTING

Perform testing by a Corps validated commercial testing laboratory or the Contractor's validated testing facility. If the Contractor elects to establish testing facilities, do not permit work requiring testing until the Contractor's facilities have been inspected, Corps validated and approved by the Contracting Officer. Determine field in-place density in accordance with ASTM D 6938. When ASTM D 6938 is used, check the calibration curves and adjust using only the sand cone method as described in ASTM D 1556. ASTM D 6938 results in a wet unit weight of soil in determining the moisture content of the soil when using this method. Check the calibration curves furnished with the moisture gauges along with density calibration checks as described in ASTM D 6938; check the calibration of both the density and moisture gauges at the beginning of a job on each different type of material encountered and at intervals as directed by the Contracting Officer. When test results indicate, as determined by the Contracting Officer, that compaction is not as specified, remove the material, replace and recompact to meet specification requirements. Perform tests on recompacted areas to determine conformance with specification requirements. Appoint a registered professional civil engineer to certify inspections and test results. These certifications shall state that the tests and observations were performed by or under the direct supervision of the engineer and that the results are representative of the materials or conditions being certified by the tests. The following number of tests, if performed at the appropriate time, will be the minimum acceptable for each type operation.

SECTION 02 30 00 Page 10

3.11.1 Fill and Backfill Material Gradation

One test per 5,000 cubic yards stockpiled or in-place source material.

Determine gradation of fill and backfill material in accordance with

ASTM D 422.

3.11.2 In-Place Densities

a. One test per 1,000 cubic yards, or fraction thereof, of each lift of fill or backfill areas compacted by other than hand-operated machines.

b. One test per 500 cubic yards, or fraction thereof, of each lift of fill or backfill areas compacted by hand-operated machines.

3.11.3 Check Tests on In-Place Densities

If ASTM D 6938 is used, check in-place densities by ASTM D 1556 as follows:

a. One check test per lift for each 1,000 cubic yards, or fraction thereof, of each lift of fill or backfill compacted by other than hand-operated machines.

b. One check test per lift for each 500 cubic yards, of fill or backfill areas compacted by hand-operated machines.

3.11.4 Moisture Contents

In the stockpile or excavation, perform a minimum of two tests per day per type of material or source of material being placed during stable weather conditions. During unstable weather, perform tests as dictated by local conditions and approved by the Contracting Officer.

3.11.5 Optimum Moisture and Laboratory Maximum Density

Perform tests for each type material or source of material to determine the optimum moisture and laboratory maximum density values. One representative test per 10,000 cubic yards of fill and backfill, or when any change in material occurs which may affect the optimum moisture content or laboratory maximum density.

3.11.6 Tolerance Tests for Subgrades

Perform continuous checks on the degree of finish specified in paragraph "Subgrade Preparation" during construction of the subgrades.

-- End of Section --

SECTION 02 30 00 Page 11

1.4.2 Blasting

1.5 SUBMITTALS