A21.2_Solicitation_W900KK19R0080_Att_0002_CEVT_SRD_2019FEB01.pdf

PRF-PT-706

1 FEB 2019

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT (SRD)

FOR THE U.S. ARMY CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT VIRTUAL

TRAINERS (CEVT)

1 February 2019

Prepared by U.S. Army PEO Simulation, Training and Instrumentation (PEO STRI)

12350 Research Parkway Orlando, FL 32826-3276

Proponent Reviewed By:___________________

Brian E. Watson

LTC, FA

PdM CE/MHE Date:_________

Engineering

Prepared By: ____________________ Concurrence: ____________________

Kien Le Jeffrey Meister Lead Systems Engineer, CEVT Chief Engineer, PdM VTS Date: _________ Date: __________

Acquisition Logistics

Prepared By: ____________________ Concurrence: ____________________

Iris Lloyd Matthew Brothers Lead Acquisition Logistician, CEVT Product Support Manager, PM TRADE Date: __________ Date: __________

Distribution Statement C – Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors; for the U.S. Army Construction Equipment Virtual Trainers (CEVT) Contract.

1 Feb 2019 ii

Table of Contents

Para./Section Title Page

1. SCOPE

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 Government Documents

2.2 Non-Government Documents

3. REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Training System Definition

3.2 Mission

3.3 CEVT

3.3.1 STS

3.3.1.1 Reconfigurability

3.3.1.2 Motion Platform

3.3.2 Instructor Operator Station (IOS)

3.3.2.1 After Action Review

3.3.2.2 Class Manager Software

3.3.2.3 Scoring

3.3.2.4 Scenario Variables

3.3.2.5 Stealth View

3.3.2.6 Power Control and Initialization

3.3.2.7 IOS Printer

3.3.2.8 Training Utilization Report

3.3.3 Construction Equipment Simulation

3.3.3.1 Operator Cab Simulation

3.3.4 Sound System and Audio Cues

3.3.5 Visual System

3.3.5.1 Image Generator Hardware

3.3.5.1.1 Dynamic Terrain Capabilities

3.3.5.1.2 Advanced Interactive Environment

3.3.5.1.3 Visual Cues

3.3.5.1.4 Image Rendering

3.3.5.1.5 Polygon Capacity

3.3.5.1.6 Update Rates and Channel Synchronization

3.3.5.1.7 Pixel Fill Rate

3.3.5.1.8 Range of Vision

3.3.5.1.9 Occulting

3.3.5.1.10 Color

3.3.5.1.11 Color Processing

3.3.5.1.12 Image Quality

3.3.5.1.13 Scene Load Management

3.3.5.1.14 Shading

3.3.5.1.15 Artificial Light Sources

3.3.5.2 Visual System Display Hardware

iii

3.3.5.2.1 Luminance

3.3.5.2.2 Contrast Ratio

3.3.5.2.3 Total Geometric Accuracy

3.3.5.2.4 Adjacent Channel Matching

3.3.5.2.5 Image Stability

3.3.5.3 Field of View (FOV)

3.3.6 Training Environment

3.3.6.1 Scenarios

3.3.6.2 Movement Through Terrain

3.3.6.3 Visual Models

3.3.6.3.1 Models List

3.4 Simulation Computer System

3.4.1 Computer Operations Control Function

3.4.2 Computer Software and Data Storage

3.4.3 Peripherals

3.4.4 Open System Architecture

3.4.5 Scalable Architecture

3.4.6 Hardware Failure

3.4.7 Computational System Network

3.5 Facility

3.5.1 Trainer Power

3.5.2 Physical Training Environment

3.6 Safety

3.7 Human Systems Integration

3.8 Cybersecurity

3.9 Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability

3.10 Logistics

3.10.1 Maintenance

3.10.1.1 Maintenance Concept

3.10.1.1.1 Field Maintenance

3.10.1.1.2 Sustainment Maintenance

3.10.1.1.3 Qualitative Maintainability Requirements

3.10.1.1.3.1 Special Tools

3.10.1.1.3.2 Accessibility

3.10.1.1.3.2.1 Non-Repairable Assemblies

3.10.1.1.3.2.2 Routine Servicing and Maintenance

3.10.1.1.3.2.3 Cable Slack

3.10.1.1.3.2.3.1 Cables Slack Behind Equipment Panels

3.10.1.1.3.2.4 Parts

3.10.1.1.3.2.4.1 Front Panel and Sub-Chassis Removal

3.10.1.1.3.2.5 Assemblies

3.10.1.1.3.2.5.1 Units, Assemblies, Subassemblies, and Parts Accessibility

3.10.1.1.3.2.5.2 Interior Components and Parts Accessibility

iv

3.10.1.1.3.2.5.3 Accessibility for Test Probes and Maintenance Tools

3.10.1.1.3.2.5.4 Mounting of Replaceable Assemblies

3.10.1.1.3.2.6 Covers, Panels, and Doors

3.10.1.1.3.2.6.1 Equipment Balance

3.10.1.1.3.2.6.2 Removable Covers

3.10.1.1.3.2.7 Handles

3.10.1.1.3.2.7.1 Enclosure Handles

3.10.1.1.3.2.8 Modular Assemblies

3.10.1.1.3.2.8.1 Keying of Modular Assemblies

3.10.1.1.3.2.8.2 Assembly Sockets

3.10.1.1.3.3 Circuit Cards

3.10.1.1.3.3.1 Circuit Card Connectors

3.10.1.1.3.3.2 Circuit Card Connectors, Power and Ground

3.10.2 Nameplates and Product Markings

3.10.2.1 Unique Identification

3.10.2.2 Units, Assemblies, Sub-assemblies, and Parts

3.10.2.2.1 Units

3.10.2.2.1.1 Auxiliary Units

3.10.2.2.2 Trainer Nameplate

3.10.2.2.3 Plug-in Assemblies

3.10.2.2.4 Controls and Indicating Devices

3.10.2.2.5 Sockets

3.10.2.2.6 ESD Marking

3.10.2.2.6.1 ESD Sensitive Assemblies

3.10.2.2.6.2 ESD Sensitive Equipment

3.10.2.2.6.3 External Equipment Terminals

3.10.2.3 Reference Designators

3.10.2.4 Cable and Wire Markings

3.10.2.4.1 Cable Marking Method

3.10.2.4.2 Cable Marking Information

3.11 General Hardware and Systems Requirements

3.11.1 Safety

3.11.1.1 Emergency Equipment Power Disconnects

3.11.2 Transportability

3.11.3 Construction

3.11.3.1 Cleaning

3.11.3.2 Threaded Fasteners

3.11.3.3 Wiring

3.11.3.4 Shielding

3.11.3.5 Markings

3.11.3.6 Safety Markings

Figures v

Fig. No. Title Page Figure 1. Unit ID Plate Figure 2. Trainer Nameplate Figure 3. ESD Symbols Figure 4. ESD Caution Statement

Appendices

Appendix Title Page A 120M Motor Grader B 621G Scraper C 924H Wheel Loader D D7R Dozer E 240 Hydraulic Excavator vi

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System Requirements Document (SRD) For Construction Equipment Virtual Trainers (CEVT)

1. SCOPE

This System Requirements Document (SRD) describes the requirement for the Construction Equipment Virtual Trainers (CEVT). CEVT will assist in the training of construction equipment to students during Initial Entry Training (IET) and reclassification. The primary mission for CEVT is to train all identified tasks as defined in this SRD and associated appendices. CEVT will be the U.S. Army virtual trainer simulator used to meet the specific training needs of the 12N Heavy Equipment Operator MOS. CEVT is intended for use in the institutional training environment and for skill sustainment in Construction Engineer Regional Training Institute (RTI) for the Active, Reserve, and National Guard Components. CEVT major components include the Student Training Station (STS) and the Instructor Operator Station (IOS) which is also used as the After Action Review (AAR) station. A STS is comprised of a Common Base Platform that consists of a simulation computer system, motion system, sound system, visual system, and simulation software; and a reconfigurable variant kit that includes the unique parts of the specific vehicle.

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS.

This SRD is designated as a first tier document. The documents referenced directly in this SRD are designated as second tier documents and are considered part of this SRD to the extent specified herein. Documents referenced in successive tiers are not part of this SRD and are to be used for guidance only.

In the event of a conflict between the text of this SRD and the references cited herein, the text of this SRD takes precedence. Nothing in this SRD, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations, unless a specific exemption has been obtained.

2.1 Government Documents.

OSHA 1910.302 - 308 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) - Design Safety Standards for Electrical Systems

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1030 Blood Born Pathogen Dated 1 July 1999

TM 5-3805-293-10 Technical Manual, Operator’s Manual for Motorized Grader Model 120M dated 30 December 2010

TM 5-2410-241-10 Technical Manual, Operator’s Manual for D7R Series II Dozer Type I with Winch, Type II with Ripper dated 31 October 2011

TM 5-3805-294-10 Technical Manual, Operator’s Manual for Hydraulic Excavator (HYEX)

TM 5-3805-298-10 Technical Manual, Operator’s Manual for 924H Wheel Loader dated 30 Jan 2012

TM 5-3805-296-10 Technical Manual, Operator’s Manual for Military 621G Scraper dated 24 September

Student Guide 120M Road Grader Dated October 2011

Student Guide Motorized Scraper Dated October 2008

Student Guide Scoop Loader Dated October 2008

Student Guide Crawler Tractor Dated October 2008

Unit Task List for Horizontal Construction Co

Unit Task List No. 05417R000

USAES POI 713-12N10-3 1.0 Horizontal Construction Engineer, CRM Lesson Plan Report Hydraulic

Excavator Operations (CRM) 052- 12N10C02 / 2.0, Wheel Loader Operations (CRM)

052-12N10C03 / 2.0, Operate A Crawler Tractor (CRM)

052-12N10C04 / 2.0, Wheel Tractor-Scraper Operations (CRM)

052-12N10C05 / 2.0, Motorized Grader Operations (CRM)

052-12N10D01 / 2.0

Program of Instruction for the Construction Equipment Operators Course, Active Army, Army Reserve and National Guard, Approved 21 Aug 2018

MIL-STD 1472G Department of Defense Design Criteria Standard, Human Engineering, 11 Jan 2012

MIL-STD-130N Identification Marking of U.S. Military Property dated 16 November 2012

MIL-STD-882E Department of Defense Standard Practice for System Safety dated 11 May 2012

MIL-STD-1472D Department of Defense Standard for Human Engineering Design Criteria For Military Systems, Equipment, and Facilities 10 February 1994

MIL-STD-1472F Department of Defense Standard for Design Criteria Standard: Human Engineering dated 5 Dec 2003.

2.2 Non-Government Documents.

ANSI Z35.1-72 American National Standards Institute - Specification for Accident Prevention Signs

ANSI Z35.4-73 American National Standards Institute - Informational Signs Complementary to ANSI

Z35.1. Specification for Accident Prevention Signs.

ANSI Z53.1-79 American National Standards Institute - Safety Color Code for Marking Physical Hazards

EIA RS-471 Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) - Symbol and Label for Electrostatic Sensitive Devices

IEEE 200-1975 Revision 1988 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - Standard Reference Designations for Electrical and Electronics Parts and Equipment (ANSI/IEEE Y32.16)

ANSI/AIM BC1

American National Standards Institute/Automatic Identification and Mobility Linear Bar Code Symbologies dated

3. REQUIREMENTS.

3.1 Training System Definition.

CEVT shall provide construction equipment operator training for each of the different variants of construction equipment identified in the SRD appendices utilizing a common hardware and software platform. A CEVT system shall be comprised of an IOS/AAR, reconfigurable variant kit, and STS that consists of the simulation computer system, motion system, sound system, visual system, and simulation software. Each CEVT shall be reconfigurable to each of the different variants of construction equipment. CEVTs and their components, when properly disassembled, shall be transportable in common military and/or commercial trucks. The simulators shall enable training in the critical operator tasks that can be repetitively trained in a simulator and that are time consuming and resource constrained to be trained on actual equipment. The simulator shall support the three stage training strategy, referred to as crawl, walk, and run. CEVT shall consist of the following construction equipment variants.

a) Motor Grader (Model 120M)

b) Scraper (Model 621G)

c) Dozer (Model D7R )

d) Wheel Loader (Model 924H)

e) Hydraulic Excavator (Model 240)

Institutional training requirements shall include the following.

a) Repetitive, structured training to standard in tough, realistic, conditions within a virtual environment.

b) Replicate the performance and handling of the actual equipment, including but not limited to replicating the movement and function of the machine during different construction tasks.

c) Replicate the switches, levers, controls, and instrument panel/gauges of the actual construction equipment and their location in the vehicles.

d) Capability for immediate feedback to students for incorrect operating procedures.

e) Database of scorecard results under generic student numbers to track progress.

f) Export scorecards/results from the IOS to an external media (DVD).

g) Compile and print scorecard/results from the IOS.

3.2 Mission

CEVT shall provide training for the five different types of construction equipment variants.

CEVT shall enable training in critical basic construction equipment tasks that can be trained repetitively in a simulator environment. This training shall also include the capabilities of any construction equipment appended subsystems as defined in Appendices A-E.

3.3 CEVT

CEVT shall be a motion based simulator. CEVT shall be used to train students to perform startup/shutdown procedures, control functions, and maneuver operations. CEVT major components shall include the STS, reconfigurable variant kit, and IOS/AAR. The STS shall consist of a motion platform seat with appropriate controls and instruments including safety devices required for equipment operations. CEVT shall operate in a stand-alone mode to train critical individual tasks for institutional and sustainment training.

3.3.1 STS

CEVT STS shall simulate the physical and functional characteristics for each of the construction equipment variants. CEVT shall simulate the fit, form, and function of all hardware found in the actual equipment to meet the requirements outlined in this SRD and to operate properly all required construction equipment tasks (refer to section 3.3.3.1 for simulation fidelity). The critical hardware that must be simulated includes, but is not limited to, instruments, indicators, gauges, controls, lights, switches, displays, levers, and pedals. The STS shall simulate the critical hardware positions in the actual equipment. The student seats and headrests shall be replicated to include adjustments and range of motion available in the actual equipment. The equipment frame assemblies and windshields shall be simulated to provide the appropriate visual obstructions. The STS shall be equipped with the equipment’s decals and instructional plates (or a reasonably accurate facsimile) visible from the student position in the actual equipment.

CEVT shall realistically simulate the performance and handling of the actual equipment, including but not limited to the sounds, movements, and function of the machine during different construction tasks.

The STS shall have the ablity for the student to log into the system. Students shall be able to log into the system with the username and password assigned by the instructor. The STS shall not provide the student access to the operating system or desktop to change any computer settings.

The STS shall be able to replay its own AAR after a task scenario. Refer to paragraph 3.3.2.1 for AAR capabilities.

3.3.1.1 Reconfigurability

CEVT simulator shall have the capability to be reconfigurable between and among all the different variants of construction equipment identified in section 3.1 of this document. The simulator shall maximize reuse of hardware and software to reduce setup and disassembly time and use common components to reduce cost and logistics footprint. CEVT shall be reconfigurable between variants in one hour or less by two people and be ready for training at the end of the reconfiguring period.

CEVT shall employ a common mechanical, electrical and data interface for all five construction equipment variants for a quick change from one variant to another. In order to ensure proper equipment variant operation, the system must automatically recognize which variant is currently setup and provide the specific construction equipment dynamics, operating simulation software, and variant scoring software with minimal instructor inputs. This capability shall allow CEVT to be fielded as reconfigurable systems or a single variant system.

3.3.1.2 Motion Platform.

The motion platform shall provide realistic movement and feel of the construction equipment during motion and operation to train students to perform the tasks listed in the appendices. The simulator motion-based platform shall provide the student with a realistic working environment that simulates motions associated with acceleration, deceleration, braking, skids, turns, swing/slewing, tipping, rollover, grade ascent and descent, and medium soil resistance, on various types of construction site terrain. The student should receive the correct motion cues and stimulus to properly operate the simulated equipment on various terrain types. In addition, motion cues associated with maneuvering over flat and sloped terrain, operating with an unbalanced load/tipping, equipment vibrations, effect of bucket/blade and soil interaction, equipment stalling shall be simulated. The effect of attachments with object or soil interactions shall be simulated. The motion platform shall also provide a response to collisions.

The motion platform shall provide a minimum of three degrees of freedom. The motion platform shall provide a minimum of 3 to 5 degrees each direction for forward pitch, backward pitch, tilting/rolling to the left, and tilting/rolling to the right. The motion platform shall provide a minimum heave of 1.5 inches up and 1.5 inches down. The displayed visual image and the driver compartment/motion platform movement shall be synchronized to produce a realistic simulation of the construction equipment in motion over roads or terrain. Performance of the aural cues and visual display scenes shall be coordinated with movement of the motion platform.

The physical movement of the motion platform shall be determined by computations based upon the equipment variant’s motion, and shall correspond in real-time to operator’s actions and terrain/environment/construction equipment interaction.

3.3.2 Instructor Operator Station (IOS)

One IOS shall control up to 11 STSs. The IOS shall control the power-on and power-off of all connected STSs. At the IOS, the instructor shall be able to load scenarios and scenario settings for each STS. During execution of multiple STS scenarios at the same IOS, the instructor shall have the ability to switch between scenarios within five seconds to view scenario data. The IOS shall be capable of defining user accounts, viewing student performance and printing class roster and student data. The IOS shall monitor data on the trainee’s performance/scoring and scenario settings. The IOS shall provide the capability to run training scenarios and run AAR at the same time; AAR shall be able to run at IOS or STS. CEVT shall provide the equipment ownships and other construction models in desert tan color. The IOS shall provide a stealth view capability of the scenario for the instructor to monitor student progress and performance in real time.

The IOS shall have the ability to alert the instructor of repeated operator (student) errors. The IOS shall allow the instructor to select when the alerts are shown at the IOS; the select adjustment setting shall be between 1-6 repetitive errors before the alert is shown. The required warning feedback alerts are found in the appendices for each vehicle variant.

CEVT shall provide an import and export function that allows importing and exporting student roster data. The system shall have the capability to support the following student data: student number and class number. CEVT shall report simulator usage (broken down by task) and fuel usage (fuel saved), for each of the five variants. The IOS shall have the ability to clear student roster data if desired.

3.3.2.1 After Action Review.

The IOS shall have the ability to review training scenarios completed by students in an AAR.

The IOS shall be able to replay the AAR of any STS that it controls. The IOS shall be able to replay AAR for training scenarios completed in both practice and examination mode. The IOS shall be capable of running training scenarios and conducting one AAR simultaneously; the AAR shall not interfere with the IOS functions and shall not interfere with on-going tasks/scenarios being performed. The AAR shall have a stealth view capability to start, stop, rewind, fast forward, pause, zoom in, and zoom out of the scenario it recorded. The AAR shall have a “slide bar” like capability in order to move to any time in the exercise. During a training scenario, the IOS shall be able to bookmark times or events in the scenario execution that can be jumped to during AAR. Any No Go result, safety violation, student error/warning feedback, or collision shall be automatically bookmarked by the system for inclusion in the AAR. The AAR shall have the ability to start the playback of the entire scenario, stop the scenario, jump to the bookmarks, and rewind or fast forward. During playback, a stealth view shall allow the instructor to pan, zoom, and rotate the view around each ownship in the scenario. The AAR shall be capable of capturing all data from each scenario necessary to recreate the scenarios. The AAR shall use the stored data to recreate all visuals to include all eyepoints available in the scenario, sound system, and instrumentation cues of the scenario for each STS involved. The IOS shall provide the instructor with an option to record a scenario for AAR. The IOS shall be able to store up to 2,500 AAR files to be replayed back. Once the system reaches the AAR file storage limit, a notice shall be provided onscreen to export the AAR files or they will be overwritten. The IOS shall have a display large enough to replay the AAR so that at least 5 students can easily view the playback. STS shall also have ability to playback the scenario AAR it ran.

3.3.2.2 Class Manager Software.

The software shall provide three types of users: student, instructor, and administrator and provide the following functionality to manage users: create new users, view user information, edit/modify user information and delete a user. To efficiently manage student users, the class manager software shall allow the grouping of the student users into classes. The software shall allow the following functionality to manage classes: create a new class, view class information, edit/modify class information and delete a class. The software shall allow one or more instructors to be grouped to a class. The class manager software shall be capable of receiving, saving, deleting and printing student and class performance data. If the database approaches record limit, the class manager software shall display an archive prompt and provide the ability to archive the database to a Compact Disk.

The class manager software shall be capable of adding students to the class manager database.

The system shall have at least a nine character alpha numeric field to manually input in the student unique identifier for students. The IOS shall store all student data and allow for printing of student records/scores up to 3,000 students. CEVT shall provide a function that imports and exports student data, including student records/scores with a Compact Disc/Digital Video Disc (CD/DVD). The exported report shall be viewable using standard computer equipment and software (i.e., Microsoft Office compatible) and the report does not need CEVT database software to view.

The class manager software shall allow the instructor/administrator to select which scenarios from the lessons students or classes can have access to. The class manager software shall allow the instructor/administrator to edit lessons or delete lessons for students or classes. Once the scenarios have been selected for the students or classes, the lesson shall be self paced for each student.

3.3.2.3 Scoring.

For each individual construction equipment task, CEVT shall provide automatic scoring that captures the metrics and Go/No Go criteria as identified in the Student Performance Evaluation Sheets of each variant’s CRM Lesson Plan Report for each vehicle variant. The automatic scoring for each task shall provide a Go/No Go result for each of the performance measures identified in the Student Performance Evaluation Sheets. An overall No Go shall be provided on the scorecard if there is a No Go on one or more of the performance measures. In addition to the metrics in the Student Performance Evaluation Sheets, the automatic scoring shall include time, productivity, equipment damage (collisions hard and soft), bucket and hydraulic slams, grade of base/slope, and safety violations (maneuvering bucket over vehicle cab or power lines, not using or incorrect use of horn, and dropping objects from unsafe heights).

The scorecard generated from automatic scoring shall identify the results as from CEVT (to prevent confusion for the real equipment scorecard). The scorecard shall also identify the mode of the results (practice mode or examination mode). The scorecard shall identify the number of attempts for the particular task.

3.3.2.4 Scenario Variables.

The IOS shall have a scenario selection window. The scenario selection window shall allow the instructor to select a scenario, adjust selected scenario parameters listed below, and initialize execution of the scenario. A scenario shall be selectable from a training scenario library that logically groups the scenarios according to equipment variant. The IOS shall have a method for initializing scenarios using on-screen menus. The Graphical User Interface (GUI) shall provide a high level overview of the training scenario description to include added appended systems/attachments if necessary. The scenario setup window shall present construction equipment and scenario setup options that are specific to the equipment being simulated and the training category selected by the instructor. The IOS shall have a method to select and change, at a minimum, the following scenario parameters:

a) Construction equipment variant

b) Scenario selection

c) Practice or exam mode

d) Automated visual and audio cues on/off

e) Equipment variants with/without appended systems/attachments

f) Other equipment variables required to meet training requirements

3.3.2.5 Stealth View.

The IOS shall provide a stealth view capability of the scenario for the instructor to monitor student progress and performance during a task scenario. The stealth view shall be the instructor’s eye point of view in the student’s scenario. The stealth view shall have the option of being tethered to a single ownship or have unrestricted movement throughout the scenario (fly through). A control device shall be provided at the IOS for the instructor to navigate in the stealth view; the control device shall have zoom in, zoom out, up, and down functions. If multiple individual scenarios are operating on the same IOS, the instructor shall have the capability to quickly (approximately one minute or less) switch between the stealth views of each of the running scenarios without interfering with the on-going scenarios. The default position of the stealth view upon opening shall be tethered directly above and behind the ownship looking forward.

3.3.2.6 Power Control and Initialization.

CEVT shall have a maximum two switch power-on procedure to initialize the system and all connected STSs to a ready to operate (desktop) state at the IOS within 5 minutes. The desktop shall have icons for all available applications. When CEVT main application is selected on the desktop, CEVT shall be initialized and training is ready to commence within 5 minutes.

The software shall automatically configure the system based on hardware installed for that variant, to include any appended systems. The software shall load the dynamics and visual models for the selected variant. The software on the IOS GUI shall display the construction equipment variant that is configured. An error message shall be displayed at the IOS GUI when the hardware configuration is incorrect for the variant selected.

CEVT shall have the capability to power-off in a controlled, safe manner within 15 minutes.

CEVT shall have the capability to power-off all connected STS at the IOS. CEVT shall have a maximum two switch power-off procedure.

3.3.2.7 IOS Printer.

The IOS shall be equipped with a color printer for printing student data and records, scenario information, and documents resident on the IOS (e.g., operator’s manuals, maintenance manuals, etc.).

3.3.2.8 Training Utilization Report.

The IOS shall be capable to produce a Training Utilization Report for each CEVT variant containing the following. The information shall not be resettable, even on software updates.

a) Session operating time, i.e. the total operating time spent in actual scenarios

b) Session miles or equipment hours, i.e. the running total of miles driven or engine hours used while in scenarios

c) Date and time information

d) All data above cumulatively for the life of the program

The system shall organize the above usage data to provide an automated report each month. The report shall have a place holder for the instructor to input the following information at the IOS for each STS.

a) Hours available and scheduled for training

b) Actual hours utilized for training

c) Lost training hours and cause of lost hours

d) Description of maintenance problems and corrective actions

3.3.3 Construction Equipment Simulation.

CEVT shall simulate the equipment variant dynamically to the level of detail required to support the training tasks for the specific variant. The effects of the terrain and terrain obstacles/objects shall be combined with the forces due to the mass, momentum, and position of the construction equipment to determine the equipment’s performance using multiple points per equipment ownship (on the wheels, tracks, etc.). The different performance for the different types and sizes of the construction equipment attachments shall be simulated; the correct forces shall be calculated for the different attachments to provide accurate and realistic machine performance specification for interaction with the terrains/soils and objects to reduce the possibility of unrealistic training or unsafe operating practices. Construction equipment simulation shall include at a minimum the following equipment components and their performance:

a) Engine

b) Fuel system

c) Power train/transmission gearbox

d) Electrical system

e) Hydraulic system

f) Air system

g) Brakes

h) Steering

i) Gauges

j) Accelerator

k) Suspension system

l) Hull/equipment weight

m) Field of view restrictions and mirrors

n) Equipment attachments (buckets, blades, ripper, etc.)

o) Clutch/transmission selector

p) Tires/track systems

q) Articulated components

Construction equipment dynamics shall provide responses for steering, acceleration, deceleration, braking, suspension, articulation, loaded and unloaded hydraulic system movement, loaded and unloaded bucket/bowl movement, attachment engaged and disengaged, grading, plowing/dozing, and excavating. The construction equipment dynamics simulation shall provide realistic models of the power train (e.g., engine, transmission, etc.), suspension (e.g., springing, damping, range of travel, etc.), and moments of inertia for each variant. The parameters for these models shall be evaluated at 60 Hz or better to assure smooth and accurate simulation.

CEVT shall model equipment crashes and collisions. CEVT shall provide multiple collision volumes to realistically simulate all collisions of the equipment ownship with moving/static models, objects, terrain, cultural features and other database features. The collision object type, construction equipment speed and direction shall be sensed and processed at a rate sufficient to meet the system transport delay/synchronization requirements. CEVT shall provide an appropriate aural cue and visual cues to all crashes and collisions depending on the object type, equipment speed, and crash impact points.

3.3.3.1 Operator Cab Simulation.

CEVT shall simulate the operator cab, gauges, controls, displays, and indicators for each construction equipment variant in accordance with the operator cab simulation tables in Appendix A-E. The operator cab simulation shall use reconfigurable variant kits to reconfigure the STS between and among all the different variants of construction equipment identified in section 3.1. The tables define four levels of simulation for the operator cab: fully functional; fit, form, function; fit, form; and not requirement. For “fully functional”, CEVT shall provide the fit, form, and complete functionality (i.e., for a tachometer, the full range of revolutions shall be simulated and the revolutions shall reflect the equipment performance). For “fit, form, function”, CEVT shall provide the fit, form, and partial functionality (i.e., for a fuel gauge, only low or full shall be simulated and the fuel gauge is not required to drop as a result of prolonged equipment usage). For “fit, form”, CEVT shall provide only fit and form; no functionality is required (i.e., for a fuel gauge, only a static gauge shall be simulated and the fuel gauge is not required to drop or show low fuel as a result of prolonged equipment usage). For “not requirement”, no hardware, software, or functionality is required. The table also identifies the minimum components that require physical hardware replication. The “physical control/switch replication” identifies the hardware required for the critical components that provides motor skills transfer to the student.

3.3.4 Sound System and Audio Cues.

CEVT shall provide a sound system that reproduces equipment sounds and that correlates to the operating environment. The system shall include the sounds and communications from machine operations, and engine stalls. The aural cues shall include, as a minimum, the following:

scraping when contact is made between ground engagement tools and hard surfaces (concrete and boulders, etc.), interactions between machine and soil/terrain, collisions, engine stall, engine power, engine startup, power shut down, back up warning, horn, all warning buzzers and cab audio cues, engine idle, and operational differences between normal idle and under stress. Audio cues shall occur in real time and be directional, if appropriate to the circumstance, in order to provide a realistic training. The sound system at each STS shall include a headset so that it does not interfere with other STS training in the same area. The construction equipment and environmental sounds should emanate from the headset. Each STS shall have 2 headsets with same sounds so one student can train while another student is observing. The sound system shall minimize sound delay to provide realistic training.

3.3.5 Visual System.

The visual display system shall provide a computer generated representation of the simulated training environment to the student utilizing the visual interface. The visual display shall portray the simulated training environment utilizing the visual interface (e.g., windshield, windows, mirrors, cameras, etc.) with applicable obscurations/restrictions of the specific equipment variant being simulated. The visual system shall minimize delay to provide realistic training.

CEVT shall provide real-time color computer generated, visual images of sufficient detail to adequately train students. The minimum display resolution shall be 1920 pixels by 1080 lines.

In addition, the visual simulation shall provide the essential cues and depth perception required by the student to assess simulated construction equipment position and velocity, characteristics of the terrain, and other information necessary to operate the simulated construction equipment in training scenarios.

The visual system shall consist of the image generation system, display system, terrain database(s), static and dynamic models, and any associated hardware and/or software required to simulate the construction equipment visual/sensor scene environment. In addition, the terrain features shall be of sufficient detail, content, features, and variety to meet the requirements for the training tasks for each construction equipment variant.

CEVT shall include high-resolution, realistic imagery of derived and perspective visual scenes.

Visual field-of-view and field-of-regard shall replicate the characteristics of the operational equipment. Visibility range shall be to the degree of fidelity necessary to support realistic training.

The Computer-Generated Imagery (CGI) environment and entities shall be physics based and have the proper, accurate responses in CEVT scenarios. CGI shall not distract, detract from, or negatively disrupt student training by having visual anomalies such as smear, flicker, stepping, scintillation, stair-stepping of edges, break-up of long narrow surfaces, abrupt transition of scene elements, occulting errors, flashing/streaking, edge blending and abrupt changes in the displayed image due to interaction with visual scene elements.

The visual system shall accomodate two students at a single STS. One student will be training in a scenario and the other student will be observing the training.

3.3.5.1 Image Generator Hardware.

At a minimum, the IG hardware shall utilize Non Developmental Item computers with high performance video graphics boards and graphics drivers with high performance quad-core

3.0Ghz (or faster) Central Processing Unit or better. Sufficient RAM memory to support the throughput capabilities of the CPU/Video board combination shall be provided.

3.3.5.1.1 Dynamic Terrain Capabilities.

CEVT shall provide dynamic terrain capabilities for each construction equipment variant to excavate/dig, push/plow, place/stockpile, move, lift, grade, and compact/crush the terrain types required in the virtual environment. In addition, the dynamic terrain shall have the capability to be dropped, trenched, rolled, collapsed, penetrated, and graded with spoilage (windrows) to the side of the equipment blade. CEVT shall allow for leveling and cleaning of windrows with buckets or blades. The dynamic terrain shall be physics based and provide accurate and realistic effects and behaviors. The dynamic terrain shall allow for digging/excavating terrain (dirt) to a maximum depth equal to the physical capabilities of the CEVT equipment being simulated.

Furthermore, the dynamic terrain shall allow for stockpiling terrain to the maximum height equal to the physical capabilities of the CEVT equipment being simulated. The dynamic terrain minimum resolution shall be 0.2 meters. The database and dynamic terrain areas shall be large enough to support all the training scenarios required.

CEVT ownships, scripted entities, static, and dynamic entities shall have realistic and correct dynamic responses to the deformed terrain (be able to follow the terrain to include moving up a dirt pile and down an excavated area). The dynamic terrain effects and modifications shall occur in real time during execution of a CEVT scenario. CEVT shall have different dynamic terrain resistances based on the type of soil and position of the construction equipment blade/bucket.

The soil type, bucket/blade position, and equipment settings shall provide realistic construction performance (feedback through the motion platform, aural cues, and visual cues) for each equipment variant.

3.3.5.1.2 Advanced Interactive Environment.

The virtual environment shall be physics based with force and collision calculations to provide accurate and realistic behaviors and effects between the construction equipment ownships, the dynamic terrain, scripted objects/entities, static, and dynamic objects/entities. Objects (i.e., tree stumps, rocks, barriers, cones, etc.) that are part of the training scenario shall also be physics based to have accurate and realistic behaviors. Objects shall have the ability, if applicable, to be moved, dropped, tipped, and stacked. The objects shall have realistic and correct dynamic responses to the deformed terrain.

The environment shall provide compaction of soil (with tire/track marks) when construction equipment or other heavy vehicles move through the dynamic terrain.

3.3.5.1.3 Visual Cues.

CEVT shall provide visual cues through the visual system to optimize proper depth perception.

This shall include but not be limited to: correct item sizing at a distance, dynamic shading and lighting, model textures, and soft shadows. The simulator shall provide the correct field of view through the construction equipment student cab. The side mirrors and rear view mirror shall be simulated. The visual cues shall occur in real time following a student input or an interaction.

3.3.5.1.4 Image Rendering.

The Image Generator (IG) shall be able to generate dynamic shadows. The IG shall support run-time generated geometry. The IG shall provide support for Level Of Detail (LOD) controls for database objects and models. The IG shall support the following functions: Height of Terrain (HOT), Height at Terrain (HAT), Collision Detection, and Line of Sight.

3.3.5.1.5 Polygon Capacity.

The polygon capacity shall be sufficient to satisfy the image update rate specification under all specified scene conditions in each view.

3.3.5.1.6 Update Rates and Channel Synchronization.

The displayed scene shall be generated from updated position and attitude data for the viewpoint and all moving entities at a rate not less than 60 Hertz (Hz). All channels in the IG shall be updated and the updated image displayed synchronously.

3.3.5.1.7 Pixel Fill Rate.

Pixel fill shall be sufficient to satisfy the image update rate specification under all specified scene conditions in each view. This pixel capacity shall be satisfied regardless of the displayed image geometrical orientation, distribution of polygons within the displayed image, pixel overwrites, number and distribution of moving models and the worst case combination of special processing display features invoked.

3.3.5.1.8 Range of Vision.

At full visibility, the image generation system shall display visibility not less than 1km for prominent terrain and any tactically significant cultural features. For the terrain surface, moving models, special effects, cultural objects and static objects, the image generator shall support object detection within a range of 200 meters for unmagnified views. The transition in the detail portrayed from close in to the visual display range shall be subtle and non-distracting to the student. The image generation and visual display system shall support the view of human entities at up to 100 meters.

3.3.5.1.9 Occulting.

Each IG channel shall provide partial or total occulting, as appropriate, of surfaces and light points by surfaces nearer to the simulated viewpoint. Occulting surfaces shall be unrestricted in orientation with no restrictions in viewing angle. The IG shall properly occult all objects in the simulated environment with respect to the viewpoint. Sufficient occulting levels shall be provided to properly occult all of the surfaces that can be drawn in a channel. There shall be no ghost images or shadows in the image (static or dynamic) from occulting errors. Light points shall also be occulted properly at boundaries between polygons of a multiple polygon surface.

3.3.5.1.10 Color.

Each IG channel shall provide a minimum of 24 bits per color component (i.e., red, green, blue) allowing for 16.78 million unique colors to be represented.

3.3.5.1.11 Color Processing.

Luminance and chrominance information processing shall be accomplished with sufficient resolution and accuracy to ensure stable, continuous color at the display with minor discernible abrupt transitions and color banding except as demanded by the phenomena being simulated.

3.3.5.1.12 Image Quality.

The visual training environment utilized in the Virtual Simulator Environment shall not distract, detract from, or negatively disrupt student training at normal construction equipment operating speeds by having visual anomalies such as smear, flicker, stepping, scintillation, display jitter, stair-stepping of edges, break-up of long narrow surfaces, abrupt transition of scene elements, occulting errors, flashing/streaking, edge blending and abrupt changes in the displayed image due to interaction of visual scene elements. The following artifacts shall be controlled. Any of the following shall not cause any degradation in training and/or shall not be the cause of any negative training.

a) Image ringing

b) Convergence errors

c) Image banding

d) Moiré patterns

e) Scintillation of texture

f) Scintillation of small features

g) Flashing of polygons or texture or other anomalies such as that caused by depth buffer accuracy

h) Inter-raster edge flicker

i) Image swimming

j) Quantization of scene elements (stair-stepping and line crawling of edges and breakup of long narrow surfaces)

k) Ghost images

l) Frame-rate reduction

m) Delay to visually represent temporal special effects

n) Dynamic resolution/sharpness degradation with image motion

o) Field tracking

p) Raster line pairing

q) Aliasing such as that caused by interactions of scene elements with the raster structure

r) Flashing and streaking of entire polygons and scan line segments

s) Abrupt transition of scene elements between adjacent pixels

t) Flashing and streaking by visual features due to logic errors and other causes

u) Abrupt changes in illumination, color, or intensity, e.g., flicker, and flashing

v) Minimal level of detail transitions

w) Feature popping

x) Disappearing features, unless designed into level of detail models at a distance requirement

y) Occulting errors

z) Floating/buried features

aa) Terrain gaps

bb) Terrain spikes with single points on the terrain where all sides/faces have an angle of 70 degrees or more from level

3.3.5.1.13 Scene Load Management.

The IG system shall control the scene content across all channels to accomplish the required image density and to manage the scene content to ensure that the frame rate is maintained. The IG system shall prevent rapid changes in level of detail, color, and transparency for individual objects close to own eye point. Fade in of three-dimensional objects close to own eye point shall be accomplished smoothly in a manner that precludes the objects "popping" into the scene and prevents distraction.

3.3.5.1.14 Shading.

The image generator shall support the smooth and curved surface polygon shading of terrain and cultural features and models. Shading shall not result in any color band or other color discontinuities in smooth surfaces.

3.3.5.1.15 Artificial Light Sources.

The IG shall be capable of illuminating database surfaces and objects in a defined pattern and intensity fall-off from ownship construction equipment head lights, driving lights and vehicle mounted or separately placed spotlights as applicable. The illumination pattern shall emanate from an appropriate position and if it is affixed to the own construction equipment it must be steerable if applicable. Light sources from other vehicles or equipment in the scenario shall be visible. The IG shall also show projection of light from construction equipment and vehicles’ light sources.

3.3.5.2 Visual System Display Hardware.

The visual system display hardware shall display imagery from one or more computer image generator channels. The minimum display resolution shall be 1920 pixels by 1080 lines.

3.3.5.2.1 Luminance.

Luminance shall be adequate for classroom applications.

3.3.5.2.2 Contrast Ratio.

The minimum contrast ratio for all displayed images shall be 1000:1 for each display channel.

3.3.5.2.3 Total Geometric Accuracy.

The total geometric distortion for each display shall be less than four pixels for in apparent location for any point in the scene relative to the true projected position.

3.3.5.2.4 Adjacent Channel Matching.

Variations in color, brightness, contrast, and resolution between adjacent channels shall not be visible to the human eye for the full range of simulated conditions.

3.3.5.2.5 Image Stability.

The displayed image shall not drift more than two pixels per four hours of continuous operation.

The displayed image shall not have any perceptible movement relative to the CEVT display structure (i.e., jitter in response to system motion) during scenario execution. Normal operation of CEVT shall not adversely affect the alignment, focus or stability of the visual display system or the displayed images.

3.3.5.3 Field of View (FOV).

CEVT variants shall share a single common visual system display design. This functionality shall comply with the reconfigurability requirement in section 3.3.1.1

The visual FOV for CEVT shall replicate the characteristics of the operational equipment. The vertical and horizontal FOV shall provide an optimum simulated view of the construction equipment’s blade and bucket position for proper operation of the tasks. CEVT scraper shall have a rear view display with the display position and FOV optimized to view the bowl operation. CEVT dozer shall have a rear view display with display position and FOV optimized to view the ripper attachment tool during operation. The CEVT wheel loader, grader, and hydraulic excavator shall have a rear view display with the display position and FOV optimized for backing up. The minimum instantaneous FOV for the wheel loader, dozer, grader, and hydraulic excavator shall be 75 degrees horizontal and 40 degrees vertical for the front view and 60 degrees horizontal and 40 degrees vertical for the back view with tolerance of minus 10 percent. The minimum instantaneous FOV for the scraper shall be 45 degrees horizontal and 35 degrees vertical for the front view and 75 degrees horizontal and 40 degrees vertical for the back view with tolerance of minus 10 percent. For a FOV requiring more than one display the break in the displayed image shall be less than 1.5 inches.

3.3.6 Training Environment.

CEVT shall provide initial basic operations and shall permit the student to become familiar with the arrangement and operation of the equipment controls, instruments and develop basic equipment operator skills. Realistic haptic, visual and audio simulations shall permit training in proper equipment starting and stopping procedures, monitoring instruments and familiarization with procedures of employment while operating through different construction tasks.

3.3.6.1 Scenarios.

Each task scenario shall be developed in accordance with the critical training tasks listed in Appendix A-E, USAES POI 713-12N10-3 1.0, and Student Guides. Proper hand and arm signals shall be provided in the Preparation and Familization activity scenario for each construction equipment variant. Refer to section 3.3.2.1 for AAR and section 3.3.2.3 for scoring requirements identified below. Each task scenario shall contain the following sections:

a) Introduction

1) Task navigation

2) Introduction lesson plan information from the USAES POI 713-12N10-3 1.0 (state actions, conditions, standards, safety requirements and instructional…