CRI 104 - STANDARD For INSTALLATION of COMMERCIAL CARPET

Copyright © 2019 by The Carpet and Rug Institute, Inc.

Originally published 1982 with revisions issued 1984, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 2002, 2015, and 2018. All rights reserved.

Disclaimer

The Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) is the national trade association of carpet and rug manufacturers and suppliers to the industry. The expertise of CRI’s membership comes together to provide unbiased technical, educational, and scientific information about carpet and rugs.

The Carpet and Rug Institute assumes no responsibility and accepts no liability for the application of the principles or techniques contained in this standard. Specifying authorities are responsible for reviewing applicable federal, state and local statutes, ordinances, and regulations including mandatory requirements contained in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Hazard Communication Regulation.

Table of Contents

Foreword 7

Acknowledgements

General Requirements

1.0 Applicable Documents and References

Carpet and Rug Institute References: ........................................................................... 91.1

Most recent ASTM Standards: ....................................................................................... 91.2

2.0 Terminology

3.0 Tools and Materials

4.0 Storage and Handling

Storage ........................................................................................................................ 104.1

Handling ...................................................................................................................... 104.2

5.0 Planning

Shop Drawings ............................................................................................................. 115.1

Planning for Seams ...................................................................................................... 125.2

Transitions to Other Surfaces ..................................................................................... 125.3

Carpet Over Expansion Joints ..................................................................................... 125.4

Pile Direction ............................................................................................................... 125.5

Pattern Matching ......................................................................................................... 135.6

6.0 Testing

Moisture Vapor Emission Rate (MVER) Testing ......................................................... 136.1

Relative Humidity (RH) Testing ................................................................................... 146.2

Testing for Alkalinity ................................................................................................... 146.3

7.0 Site Conditions

Substrate Conditions ................................................................................................... 147.1

Ambient Temperature and Humidity Suitable Substrates ........................................... 157.2

Ventilation ................................................................................................................... 157.3

8.0 Substrate Preparation

Concrete ...................................................................................................................... 158.1 Moisture Mitigation Systems ..................................................................................................................... 168.1.1

Wood ........................................................................................................................... 168.2 Treated Wood ................................................................................................................................................ 168.2.1

Metal ........................................................................................................................... 178.3

Raised Access Flooring ............................................................................................... 178.4

Resilient ...................................................................................................................... 178.5

Carpet over Carpet ...................................................................................................... 178.6

Radiant Heat Floors ..................................................................................................... 178.7

Terrazzo, Ceramic, Marble, Slate and Other Nonporous Surfaces .............................. 188.8

Asphalt ........................................................................................................................ 188.9

Painted Surfaces .......................................................................................................... 188.10

Primers ........................................................................................................................ 188.11

Chemical Adhesive Removers and Abatement Chemicals ......................................... 188.12

Sweeping Compounds ................................................................................................. 198.13

9.0 Product Acclimation

Carpet Tile

10.0 Carpet Tile Installation

Layout .......................................................................................................................... 2010.1

Adhesive Application ................................................................................................... 2010.2

Tile Joints .................................................................................................................... 2010.3

Rolling ......................................................................................................................... 2110.4

Pre-applied Adhesive Systems (“peel-and-stick”) ...................................................... 2110.5

11.0 Post Installation

Broadloom Carpet

12.0 Carpet Seaming

Trimming ..................................................................................................................... 2212.1

Sealing Edges/Seams .................................................................................................. 2212.2 Edge Sealing ................................................................................................................................................... 2212.2.1

Seam Sealing (Direct Glue Down Only) ..................................................................................................... 2312.2.2

Seaming Methods ........................................................................................................ 2312.3 Hot Melt Seaming .......................................................................................................................................... 2312.3.1

Hand Sewing ................................................................................................................................................... 2412.3.2

Proper Seam Characteristics ....................................................................................... 2412.4

13.0 Direct Glue Down

Layout .......................................................................................................................... 2413.1

Floor Adhesive Application .......................................................................................... 2413.2 Trowel Selection ............................................................................................................................................ 2413.2.1

Adhesive Application ................................................................................................................................... 2513.2.2

Open/Tack Time ............................................................................................................................................. 2513.2.3

Working Time ................................................................................................................................................. 2513.2.4

Alternative Adhesive Systems ..................................................................................... 2513.3

Seam Sealing ............................................................................................................... 2613.4

Rolling ......................................................................................................................... 2613.5

Finishing at Wall Line .................................................................................................. 2613.6

Post Installation .......................................................................................................... 2613.7 Curing Adhesives ........................................................................................................................................... 2613.7.1

Materials for Protection .............................................................................................................................. 2613.7.2

Maintain Temperature ................................................................................................................................. 2713.7.3

14.0 Double Glue Down

Cushion Layout ............................................................................................................ 2714.1

Layout .......................................................................................................................... 2714.2

Adhesives and Trowel Notch Sizes .............................................................................. 2714.3

Cushion to Substrate Installation ................................................................................ 2814.4

Carpet to Cushion Installation .................................................................................... 2814.5

Edge Sealing ................................................................................................................ 2814.6

Seam Cutting ............................................................................................................... 2814.7

Seaming ....................................................................................................................... 2814.8

Rolling ......................................................................................................................... 2914.9

Post Installation .......................................................................................................... 2914.10

15.0 Attached Cushion Install

Carpet Layout .............................................................................................................. 2915.1

Floor-Applied Adhesive Installations .......................................................................... 2915.2 Trowel Notch Size .......................................................................................................................................... 2915.2.1

Open Time ....................................................................................................................................................... 2915.2.2

Installation Procedures ............................................................................................... 2915.3 Seam Sealing (Attached Cushion Products) ............................................................................................. 3015.3.1

Pre-applied Adhesive Systems (“peel-and-stick”) ...................................................... 3015.4

16.0 Stretch-in Installation

Tack-strip ..................................................................................................................... 3016.1

Separate Cushion Selection ......................................................................................... 3116.2

Seaming ....................................................................................................................... 3116.3

Power Stretching ......................................................................................................... 3116.4

Amount of Stretch ........................................................................................................ 3316.5

Finishing at Wall ......................................................................................................... 3416.6

Transition Molding ...................................................................................................... 3416.7

17.0 Carpet on Stairs

Preparation .................................................................................................................. 3417.1

Stretch-in Installation .................................................................................................. 3417.2

Glue-down Installation ................................................................................................ 3517.3

Carpet Direction .......................................................................................................... 3517.4

18.0 Patterned Carpet Installations

Uninstalled Patterned Carpet ...................................................................................... 3518.1

Manufacturing Tolerances .......................................................................................... 3518.2

Seaming Diagram ........................................................................................................ 3618.3 Patterned Carpet in Corridors .................................................................................................................... 3618.3.1

Pattern Sequence/Roll Sequence ................................................................................ 3618.4

Pattern Adjustment ..................................................................................................... 3618.5

Pattern Alignment ....................................................................................................... 3618.6

Definition of Terms 37

Table I – Tools & Materials 42

Table II – Trowel Size Minimum Guidelines 44

Table III – Tack Strip

Table IV – Adhesive Types / Definitions

CRI Member Contact Information 48

Foreword

Foreword

Products have unique characteristics and each installation project should be carefully evaluated to determine proper application of this standard. In circumstances not addressed in this document, contact the product manufacturer for specific guidance. The CRI requires that the services of professionally trained and qualified floor covering installers be obtained for all Commercial carpet installations.

This minimum standard requirement for installation of carpet is based upon reliable principles and procedures developed through practical experience, research, and information obtained from manufacturers, retailers, installers, end users, testing laboratories, and others who have specialized expertise. For more detailed information, instructions and training, please contact the specific manufacturer.

Failure to follow this minimum standard may result in an installation related failure;

however it cannot be the basis for rejecting a claim relating to a manufacturing defect.

For the most current version of the CRI 104, please visit the Carpet and Rug Institute at www.carpet-rug.org.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This Standard was prepared under the direction of the Installation Subcommittee of the Carpet and Rug Institute and in cooperation with numerous experts in the carpet installation and related fields.

CRI INSTALLATION TASK GROUP CHAIRMAN

Woody Belflower, Shaw Industries Group, Inc.

CRI INSTALLATION TASK GROUP PROJECT COORDINATOR

Pat Jennings, The Carpet and Rug Institute, Inc.

CRI INSTALLATION TASK GROUP MEMBERS:

Mark Berndt, Bentley Mills Inc.

Richard Pickens, Engineered Floors LLC Jimmy Garrett, Interface Americas Charlie Nielsen, MAPEI Corporation/APAC Mike Del Vacchio, Milliken & Company Andrew S. Smith, Mohawk Industries Scott Bradley, Mohawk Industries Eric Boender, Starnet Worldwide Commercial Flooring Partnership David Wardlaw, Tai Ping Carpets Americas, Inc.

John Geier, W.F. Taylor Co., Inc.

Grace Gilbreath, XL Brands Scott Sales, XL Brands

CRI INSTALLATION TASK GROUP CONTRIBUTORS:

Dan Channell, Shaw Industries Group, Inc.

Brian Howard, Shaw Industries Group, Inc.

General Requirements

General Requirements

This section covers the minimum standard requirement for installation of carpet based upon reliable principles and procedures developed through practical experience, research, and information obtained from manufacturers, retailers, installers, end users, testing laboratories, and others who have specialized expertise. For more detailed information, instructions and training, please contact the specific manufacturer.

1.0 Applicable Documents and References

CRI 104 utilizes publicized documents from The Carpet and Rug Institute, Inc. and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International Standards.

1.1 Carpet and Rug Institute References:

· The Carpet Primer

· Carpet Maintenance and Troubleshooting

1.2 Most recent ASTM Standards:

· ASTM F710 – Standard Practice for Preparing Concrete to Receive Resilient Flooring

· ASTM F1869 – Test Method for Measuring Moisture Vapor Emission Rate of Concrete

Subfloor Using Calcium Chloride

· ASTM F2170 – In-situ Relative Humidity Testing

2.0 Terminology

For terms and definitions used in this standard, refer to the Definitions of Terms section at the end of this document.

3.0 Tools and Materials

Carpet installation requires using tools and materials referenced in this standard. Refer to Table I – Tools & Materials at the end of this document.

4.0 Storage and Handling

This section covers the proper storage and handling of carpet products.

4.1 Storage

Store carpet and related materials in a climate-controlled, dry space. Protect carpet from soil, dust, moisture and other contaminants and store on a flat surface. Stacking heavy objects on top of carpet rolls is prohibited. Double stacking pallets of carpet tile should be avoided unless approved by the manufacturer.

4.2 Handling

Transport carpet in a manner that prevents damage and distortion. Bending or folding individual carpet rolls or cuts from rolls are not recommended. When bending or folding is unavoidable for delivery purposes, the carpet is required to be unrolled and allowed to lie flat immediately upon arrival at the installation site.

NOTE: Failure to observe the preceding requirements may result in the following:

· Contamination from soil, grease and/or oil

· Delamination

· Dimensional changes

· Permanent indentation

· Development of wrinkles and bubbles

· Pile reversal

· Pile crushing

· Creases

· Pattern distortion

5.0 Planning

All facets of the installation are to be coordinated. A scale drawing of the area to be installed is required to determine type of carpet, carpet quantities, quantity per dye lot, installation method, cushions, adhesives, transition moldings, wall base types and other accessories, and to identify the proper location of seams.

On new construction, provide architectural drawings that define the entire installation area with space names or numbers and a finish schedule of flooring style, patterns, colors and installation methods. On existing structures, provide new measurements and shop drawings.

Consideration should be given to carpet and adhesive conditioning, material delivery considerations, material reclamations and other trades’ schedules.

5.1 Shop Drawings

The carpet shop drawing is required to contain the following information:

· Name of the job, owner and installation company. On new construction the name of the general contractor and architectural firm are required.

· Building address

· Date of drawing

· Scale

· Floor number and location in building

· Compass direction on each sheet

· Drawing for each area to be carpeted (color coding is preferable)

· Construction of substrate for each area

· Required floor preparation, materials and quantities.

· Type of installation for each area

· Exact notations where dye lot changes occur

· Proper quantities of installation materials needed for each area including but not limited to:

· carpet needed for each area, including roll length requirements (allow a minimum of 3 inches (75 mm) longer than the area measurement), length of pattern repeat, manufacturer roll or pallet sequence (where applicable)

· specified adhesives per manufacturer instructions

· Excess material in each area and how it is to be used

· Seam layout of each area

· Carpet pile or pattern direction for each area

· Name of manufacturer, style, backing system and color of carpet for each area

· Large scale drawings showing treatment of step areas or other detail work

· Location and type of expansion joints and edge transitions.

· Type of wall base in each area.

5.2 Planning for Seams

Keep seams to a minimum. When possible, position seams so that:

· Seams run the length of the area.

· Main traffic flow runs along rather than across the seam.

· Natural light does not strike across the seam.

· Seams are away from areas subject to pivoting traffic.

· Seams are not perpendicular to doorway openings.

5.3 Transitions to Other Surfaces

Where carpet transitions to other floor coverings, the carpet edges are required to be protected or covered with appropriate transition moldings. The edge of the hard surface flooring should not exceed a maximum of 1/16” higher than the total carpet thickness where no transition molding exists. For broadloom where no transition molding is used, apply a minimum of 1/8” bead of seam sealer to the edge of the carpet along the entire transition.

Wall base - when vinyl or rubber wall base is used in a direct glue or double glue carpet installation, cove base or base-with-toe is recommended.

5.4 Carpet Over Expansion Joints

Do not install carpet over expansion joints (refer to Definitions of Terms section at the end of this document.). Expansion joints allow separate substrate surfaces to expand and contract independently. In addition, do not install on any area of a floor that does not provide a stable and mechanically sound surface. This does not include cut or saw joints within a section of the floor. Non-stable/unsound substrate joint conditions are required to be addressed in strict accordance with the appropriate architectural drawing. If no expansion joint device is specified on the drawing, the building owner, owner’s representative, or other responsible party is required to be made aware that failure to address expansion joints will potentially result in installation failure, damage to the carpet and/or safety concerns.

5.5 Pile Direction

Where two or more pieces of the same broadloom carpet are adjacent, the pile direction is required to be the same unless otherwise specified. Uniform pile direction is not required with dissimilar carpet.

NOTE: Ideally, install carpet with the pile lay toward the entrance; but other factors, such as pattern, aesthetics and economic use of material may be considered.

5.6 Pattern Matching

Refer to Broadloom Carpet > Patterned Carpet Installations section of this document.

Consult the manufacturer for specific installation requirements and possible warranty conditions.

6.0 Testing

Refer to the manufacturer’s written instructions for guidelines regarding allowable moisture and pH limits for their products. The Moisture Vapor Emission Rate, Relative Humidity & Alkalinity testing must be performed to give an accurate assessment of the concrete condition and the test results/data of each test shall be within acceptable limits.

Before direct glue-down, double-glue down, free floating carpet tile systems and some stretch-in installations, the owner or general contractor, or their designated testing agent, is required to submit to the flooring contractor a written report on the moisture and alkalinity conditions of the concrete substrates.

Proper testing is essential for a successful installation and any deviation from these industry accepted test methods often results in an installation failure and may void manufacturers’ warranties.

NOTE: It is recommended that qualified independent third-party testing agencies be used for determining moisture and alkalinity conditions of a concrete slab. Testing by an independent third party specialist to determine installation suitability is a prudent and necessary safeguard for general contractors, owners, architects, flooring product providers and installation contractors to reduce the risk of concrete slab moisture related flooring problems. As a minimum, testing agencies or individuals are required to demonstrate verifiable experience in concrete moisture testing or be certified by a recognized organization.

6.1 Moisture Vapor Emission Rate (MVER) Testing

MVER tests must be conducted in accordance with the current version of ASTM F 1869, not to exceed manufacturer’s requirements (ASTM F1869 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Vapor Emission Rate of Concrete Subfloor Using Anhydrous Calcium Chloride).

6.2 Relative Humidity (RH) Testing

Testing for internal relative humidity of concrete slabs must be conducted in accordance with the current version of ASTM F2170, not to exceed manufacturer’s requirements (ASTM F2170 - Standard Test Method for Determining Relative Humidity in Concrete Floor Slabs Using In-Situ Probes).

6.3 Testing for Alkalinity

Testing the pH at the surface of a concrete slab must be conducted in accordance with the current version of ASTM F710, not to exceed manufacturer’s requirements (ASTM F710 - Standard Practice for Preparing Concrete Floors to Receive Resilient Flooring).

NOTE: Preparing the surface of a concrete slab for pH testing can be problematical. Make sure the concrete surface is adequately cleaned of adhesives, curing compounds etc. When pH readings are less than 7, it may be an indication of a residue remaining on the concrete surface. Also use care not to over clean the surface of the concrete, consequently removing the (usually) thin layer of carbonation. This can result in pH readings >12.

7.0 Site Conditions

Proper site conditions as outlined in this section are essential for a successful installation and any deviation often results in an installation failure and may void manufacturers’ warranties.

NOTE: Installing carpet before other trades have completed their work may result in problems with: overall appearance, visible damage, soiling, adhesive failure, delamination and dimensional stability. These conditions may not be immediately evident. Refer to Broadloom Carpet > Direct Glue Down > Post Installation section of this document.

7.1 Substrate Conditions

The owner or general contractor is responsible for providing an acceptable substrate for the specified installation. Carpet is required to be installed over properly prepared substrates that are suitable for the specific product and installation method selected. All cracks, holes and flooring irregularities are required to be repaired to ensure a flat, smooth substrate, prevent accelerated wear and telegraphing substrate irregularities.

7.2 Ambient Temperature and Humidity Suitable Substrates

The installation is not to begin until the HVAC system is operational and the following conditions are maintained for at least 48 hours before, during and 72 hours after completion. The carpet is to be installed when the indoor temperature is 65-95ºF (18- 35ºC) with a maximum relative humidity of 65%. The substrate surface temperature should not be less than 65º F (18º C) at time of installation. Do not allow the temperature of indoor carpeted areas to fall below 50º F (10º C), regardless of the age of the installation.

If these conditions are not attainable, contact the flooring manufacturer for applications to warranty.

NOTE: If the above conditions are not met, installations may be susceptible to moisture related failures including but not limited to dew point condensation.

7.3 Ventilation

During installation, maintain air circulation by operating the HVAC system at full capacity.

NOTE: For acceptable indoor air quality, fresh air ventilation in commercial spaces is recommended to conform to current guidelines specified in ASHRAE Standard 62 published by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (www.ashrae.org). Failure to comply could cause negative ramifications to the installation and the indoor air quality.

8.0 Substrate Preparation

Substrates are required to be structurally sound and free of foreign substances that may compromise the carpet or its installation. Patching compounds are required to be suitable for the intended application. Select polymer-fortified patching compounds according to the carpet manufacturer’s instructions. (Refer to current version of ASTM E1155).

NOTE: Patched areas may be porous and highly alkaline, which will prevent adequate adhesive bond. For best results, prime patched areas. Consult patch manufacturer for primer recommendations and compatibility with adhesives.

8.1 Concrete

Concrete must be cured, clean, dried and tested in accordance to General Requirements > Testing section of this document. If the carpet is to be installed using an adhesive, the concrete should be free of dirt, grease, oil, curing or parting agents, and other contaminants, including sealers, that may interfere with the bonding of adhesive.

NOTE: It is not recommended to chemically treat (abate) substrates. These chemicals are difficult to completely remove and will adversely affect new adhesive and carpet. Contact your manufacturer for specific information.

Whenever a powdery or porous surface is encountered, a primer/sealer compatible with the adhesive should be used to provide a suitable surface for the glue-down installation.

Patching of cracks and depressions shall be made with appropriate and compatible latex or polymer fortified patching compound. Do not exceed manufacturer’s recommendations for patch thickness. Large patched areas must be primed (Refer to General Requirements > Substrate Preparation > Primers section of this document).

NOTE: Any concrete floor, even when adequately cured and dry, can allow moisture vapor to pass through to its surface. Depending upon the type of carpet and method of installation, the moisture emission rate greatly influences the long-term success of an installation. The use of a properly installed, uncompromised, approved moisture membrane is essential in preventing moisture migration into and through a concrete slab.

(Ref. ASTM F 710)

8.1.1 Moisture Mitigation Systems

Concrete that has been treated with a moisture mitigation system will render the substrate non-porous. Before installation, a bond test is recommended. If the bond test fails, the substrate must be adequately prepared to accept adhesive.

8.2 Wood

Wood substrates are required to be structurally sound, flat, dry and securely anchored.

Substrates, such as plywood, hardwood, particleboard, oriented strand board, or other materials, are required to be flooring grade (APA approved) and installed according to manufacturer specifications. Irregularities, imperfections and joints are required to be properly patched and prepared. The use of a primer on the substrate will improve bond strength of the patch.

8.2.1 Treated Wood

Wood that is chemically treated to alter properties relating to outdoor exposure or flame resistance is not a suitable substrate for direct glue-down applications. Floor covering adhesives would be subject to chemical degradation when applied to these surfaces.

8.3 Metal

It is required that metal floors create a smooth, even plane, and be free of grease, oil, soil and rust.

8.4 Raised Access Flooring

It is required that raised access flooring be structurally sound, flat and properly secured.

For carpet tile installation, tile seams should be offset from access panel seams unless otherwise specified.

8.5 Resilient

Installing carpet over resilient flooring may be acceptable as long as the resilient flooring is securely bonded to the substrate and all waxes, sealers, floor finishes and other foreign materials have been removed. It is not recommended to install over floating, perimeter bonded or cushion-backed sheet goods.

NOTE: Some sheet vinyl, resilient tile and cut-back asphalt-based adhesive may contain asbestos and/or crystalline silica. Recommended work practices prohibit sanding, dry scraping, bead-blasting or mechanically pulverizing resilient flooring, backing or lining felt.

Do not use powered devices that create asbestos dust when removing “cut-back” or asphalt-based adhesives. Removal procedures must comply with federal, state and local government agency regulations covering the removal and disposal of asbestos-containing materials (ACM).

8.6 Carpet over Carpet

Refer to carpet manufacturer for guidance before installation.

8.7 Radiant Heat Floors

Radiant-heated floors require special consideration in the selection of carpet, carpet cushion, installation methods and adhesive.

Unless absolutely certain about the location and depth of heating components, use adhesive to attach tack strip and transitions.

The maximum surface temperature of radiant-heated substrates should not exceed 85ºF/29ºC.

Refer to the Radiant Professionals Alliance for additional information.

8.8 Terrazzo, Ceramic, Marble, Slate and Other Nonporous Surfaces

Remove surface finishes and abrade flooring surfaces to ensure adhesion. Grout lines must be filled and flush with flooring material surface. Ceramic or other surfaces may require the use of a primer to ensure proper adhesion. Slate and brick surfaces may be too rough and uneven for most installations and may require the use of a self-leveler or smoothing before installing carpet. Attention must be given to the “open time” requirements of the adhesive manufacturer when adhering carpet to these surfaces.

8.9 Asphalt

For approved flooring materials, it is required that asphalt surfaces be clean, dry, free from excessive oil and grease, and in good condition. Cure new asphalt for at least 90 days, or longer, depending upon weather conditions. Follow adhesive manufacturer’s requirements.

8.10 Painted Surfaces

NOTE: Lacking documented evidence to the contrary, e.g., current testing, assume that all paints contain lead and treat them in the manner prescribed by existing lead abatement regulations.

Painted surfaces may be suitable for adhesive application; however, bond tests are recommended. Glossy surfaces must be abraded prior to installation. Contact the adhesive manufacturer for requirements.

8.11 Primers

Using primers on floor surfaces generally is not required except for sanded wood sheet products and dusty, porous or acoustical concrete surfaces. Primers are not designed to reduce moisture vapor emissions and should not be used for that purpose. They should be compatible with adhesives, which can only be applied after the primer is cured. Where lightweight or acoustical concrete substrate is present, refer to manufacturer requirements for the proper installation procedure to use before the carpet is installed.

NOTE: Substrate primers are recommended by some manufacturers for specific carpet installations to enhance adhesion.

8.12 Chemical Adhesive Removers and Abatement Chemicals

These products are not recommended for use on a substrate that will receive a floor covering.

8.13 Sweeping Compounds

Do not use sweeping compounds prior to adhesive application. The residue from these compounds interferes with adhesive bonding. Be sure to vacuum dusty areas instead.

Vacuum cleaners are required to have a properly functioning filter per OSHA and/or EPA requirements.

9.0 Product Acclimation

It is recommended that carpet and installation materials be allowed to acclimate in the installation area for a minimum of 24 hours at a temperature of 65-95ºF (18-35ºC). Carpet must be adequately protected from soil, dust, moisture and other contaminants. Follow manufacturer’s instructions for acclimation.

Carpet Tile

Carpet Tile

Carpet Tile defined as various shapes and sizes of carpet precut during manufacturing with applied backings.

10.0 Carpet Tile Installation

Due to the variation in tile size, shape, backing and installation methods (monolithic, ashlar, quarter turn, etc.) follow the carpet manufacturer’s recommendations.

10.1 Layout

Refer to General Requirements > Planning section of this document. To ensure straight-square installations, apply at least two perpendicular chalk lines onto the substrate (at a 90 degree angle to each other). These chalk lines should extend the entire length and width of the area to be covered. A laser line can be also utilized for this purpose. The location and intersection point of the chalk lines should be determined to achieve the design intent and reduce waste.

NOTE: The intersection point mentioned above may or may not be in the center of a room in order to achieve the design intent.

10.2 Adhesive Application

Generally, a thin film of pressure-sensitive adhesive is applied and allowed to completely dry. The design of the adhesive is to prevent lateral movement of carpet tiles and for easy removal/replacement. Due to varying carpet tile backing, adhesive recommendations will differ. Follow manufacturer’s recommendations.

NOTE: In order to prevent adhesion issues or contamination, old adhesive residue must be removed and encapsulated prior to application of new adhesive.

10.3 Tile Joints

Tile in the completed installation should be tight but not compressed. To insure proper spacing when installing carpet tile, measure the distance covered by 10 tiles installed on the floor with no visible gaps, peaks or overlaps. The measurement should be equal to 10 times the tile size +/- 1/4 inch unless otherwise stated in the manufacturer specifications.

This measurement is an indication of correct placement of tiles to prevent compression or gapping between tiles. Take care not to trap yarn between tiles.

Carpet Tile

10.4 Rolling

Refer to manufacturer recommendation for roller weight. Rolling, if required, should be performed to press the tile into the adhesive.

10.5 Pre-applied Adhesive Systems (“peel-and-stick”)

Pressure sensitive adhesives sometimes are applied to attached-cushion backings during manufacturing. Backings of this type have special floor preparation requirements. Consult the carpet manufacturer for recommended installation procedures and the use of primers, if needed.

11.0 Post Installation

Refer to Broadloom Carpet > Direct Glue Down > Post Installation section of this document.

Broadloom Carpet

Broadloom Carpet

Broadloom defined as carpet manufactured in a roll format.

12.0 Carpet Seaming

All seams must be properly prepared in strict compliance with carpet manufacturer recommendations.

12.1 Trimming

Carpet seams must be trimmed using tools and techniques best suited for the carpet style (e.g., loop-pile, cut-pile, cut-and-loop pile). Refer to the Tools and Materials table in the appendix of this standard. Trim edges far enough into the material to maintain the structural integrity of the carpet and to seam without gaps or overlaps.

NOTE: Although “row-cutting” both edges is preferred, other trimming techniques may be more suitable on some carpet. Many carpets do not lend themselves to all methods of cutting. Trimming too far into patterned carpet will compromise pattern match. Contact carpet manufacturers for specific seaming methods.

12.2 Sealing Edges/Seams

All seams must be sealed unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. Regardless of installation method, most carpet requires an edge protective material be introduced between the edges to be joined. This material can be a liquid or thermoplastic and can be applied using various procedures and techniques.

12.2.1 Edge Sealing

For carpet backings that require edge sealing, apply an appropriate seam adhesive covering the thickness of the primary and secondary backing without contaminating face yarns on both edges of the seam. This ensures that all edges trimmed for seaming are protected from edge ravel. Allow seam adhesive to dry before proceeding with the installation to prevent transfer to the face yarn.

12.2.2 Seam Sealing (Direct Glue Down Only)

Apply a bead of seam adhesive to the cut edge of one side only in sufficient quantity to seal both trimmed edges. Ensure the bead thickness is sufficient to cover the primary and secondary backing without contaminating face yarns (See Figure 1). In order to bond the seam edges together, join the edges while the seam adhesive is still transferable.

Figure 1

12.3 Seaming Methods

The seaming method depends upon carpet construction and backing type. Always follow manufacturer recommendations for seaming. Seaming methods include:

· hot-melt tape

· hand sewing

12.3.1 Hot Melt Seaming

A seaming tape pre-coated with a thermoplastic adhesive is centered beneath the seam.

Tape is heated by a seaming device which melts the adhesive, laminating the carpet backing to the tape. Seams should be made over a hard, flat surface (i.e. seaming board).

A carpet seam roller is recommended to achieve proper penetration of adhesive into the carpet backing from the seaming tape.

NOTE:

· Premium grade tape with high tensile strength, sufficient adhesive on the woven scrim and a minimum adhesive width of 2¾ inches is recommended.

· Rollers with star or spike design are not recommended for use on hot melt seams, especially, cut or cut-loop constructions.

When using a seaming iron, a grooved iron is recommended for better penetration of the adhesive. Proper iron temperature is essential to avoid secondary backing distortion.

Temperature settings will vary according to iron and tape manufacturers. Always run the iron in the direction of the pile. A heat shield is required.

A metal surface should not be used to weight the seam behind the seaming device, as metal traps the heat and moisture. Wood or non-heat conducting material should be used for this purpose.

Provide adequate ventilation to dissipate any fumes from the seaming process.

12.3.2 Hand Sewing

Hand sewing shall be overcast stitches placed not more than 1/2 inch (13 mm) apart and no less than ½ inch from the edge of the carpet. It is recommended that a latex coating and tape be applied over the stitching.

12.4 Proper Seam Characteristics

With any seaming method, a properly constructed seam:

· has cleanly trimmed edges properly secured with edge/seam sealer

· has tightly abutted edges without gaps or overlaps

· maintains reasonable pattern match where applicable

· will not be invisible

13.0 Direct Glue Down

Direct Glue Down is an installation method where carpet is directly adhered to the substrate using the proper adhesive.

13.1 Layout

Refer to General Requirements > Planning section of this document. Lay out the carpet according to the seaming diagram. Where applicable, allow for pattern repeat. Dry lay and align all carpet breadths/widths to their proper position; and then trim seams.

13.2 Floor Adhesive Application

This section covers proper application of adhesives in carpet installation procedures.

13.2.1 Trowel Selection

Select the appropriate adhesive and trowel notch configuration recommended by the carpet manufacturer and/or adhesive supplier, or refer to the general minimum guidelines in Table II – Trowel Size Minimum Guidelines at the end of this document.

13.2.2 Adhesive Application

Spread floor adhesive uniformly over the substrate with an appropriate trowel, leaving ridges of sufficient height to achieve full and complete coverage of both the substrate and carpet backing. Trowel notches wear down during use. Replace trowel as necessary to maintain proper spread rate. After sufficient open time, press carpet into the adhesive and roll with an appropriate roller as specified in the Broadloom > Direct Glue Down > Rolling section of this document.

NOTE: Bond failure most often is caused by:

· inadequate adhesive application from incorrect trowel notch size and/or trowel notch configuration

· wear or improper trowel angle during application

· improper type and grade of adhesive

· incorrect open time and/or working times

· bond breakers or substrate contaminants such as, but not limited to, residual curing and parting compounds

· pH and moisture-related problems

· lack of protection

· premature traffic or cleaning before adhesives have adequately cured

· lack of protection, Refer to Broadloom Carpet > Direct Glue Down > Post Installation

> Materials for Protection section of this document.

13.2.3 Open/Tack Time

Appropriate open time varies depending upon environmental conditions, substrate porosity, backing system and adhesive type. Refer to the adhesive and/or carpet manufacturer for requirements regarding open/tack time.

13.2.4 Working Time

Working time (also referred to as slip time) is the length of time after covering the adhesive with carpet to make adjustments or manipulate the carpet without negatively impacting the permanent bond.

13.3 Alternative Adhesive Systems

Alternative field-applied systems, such as spray adhesive or roll-adhesive films, are available. Refer to carpet manufacturer information whether an adhesive system is acceptable.

13.4 Seam Sealing

All seams must be sealed unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. Refer to Broadloom Carpet > Carpet Seaming > Sealing Edges/Seams > Seam Sealing (Direct Glue Down Only) section of this document.

13.5 Rolling

After the required amount of adhesive has been applied to the floor and the prescribed open time has been allowed, the carpet is carefully placed into the adhesive. To insure an adequate bond, it is then required that the carpet be uniformly pressed into the adhesive using a roller designed for this purpose. Rolling should be performed with the lightest roller that will cause the adhesive ridge pattern to transfer to the back of the carpet while still leaving the adhesive bonded to the floor. Do not exceed 75 lbs. unless specifically directed by the manufacturer. Roll the carpet in both length and width directions.

NOTE: In some circumstances, re-rolling is required as well as the placement of weights in problematic areas.

13.6 Finishing at Wall Line

Finish the installation along the wall line leaving a net, smooth, neat, and secure fit.

13.7 Post Installation

Post installation covers the correct procedures after the carpet installation has been completed.

13.7.1 Curing Adhesives

It is recommended that traffic over field-applied adhesive installations be restricted to installation personnel only for a minimum of 24-48 hours to allow adhesives to cure properly. Premature traffic will cause installation failure. Restrict carpet exposure to water from cleaning or other sources for a minimum of 30 days.

13.7.2 Materials for Protection

It is recommended that carpet installation be the last trade on any job site. However, if it is required to protect the finished floor covering from soil or paint, or if additional work is required to be done after the installation, the carpet should be covered with a non-staining, breathable building material paper. Protect the installation from rolling traffic by using sheets of hardboard or plywood in potentially affected areas.

NOTE: Self-adhering plastic films may leave residues that result in rapid soiling after removal. Do not place plastic sheeting over any carpet installation because it may present a slip hazard. Most importantly, plastic coverings will trap moisture, retard adhesive curing and may promote mold growth.

13.7.3 Maintain Temperature

Do not allow the temperature of carpeted areas to fall below 50o F (10o C), regardless of the age of the installation.

14.0 Double Glue Down

This is an installation method where carpet cushion is first adhered to the substrate, and the carpet is then adhered to the cushion using the proper adhesives.

14.1 Cushion Layout

Refer to manufacturer’s installation instructions. Install cushion in the longest continuous lengths possible with consideration to traffic patterns and carpet seam placement. It is required that cushion seams be at a right angle (90º) to carpet seams or offset at least 6 inches (150 mm). Butt cushion seams net without compression, leaving no gaps. Do not tape or staple cushion seams for double glue down installations.

NOTE: Cushions should be specifically designed for double glue application and should not exceed 3/8 of an inch in thickness.

14.2 Layout

Refer to General Requirements > Planning section of this document. Where applicable, allow for pattern repeat. Dry lay and align all carpet breadths/widths to their proper position; and then trim seams. Take care to avoid cutting into cushion under seams.

14.3 Adhesives and Trowel Notch Sizes

When applying cushion to substrate and carpet to cushion, select the appropriate adhesive and trowel notch size recommended by the carpet, cushion and adhesive manufacturer. If recommendations are not available, refer to the general minimum guidelines in Table II – Trowel Size Minimum Guidelines at the end of this document.

14.4 Cushion to Substrate Installation

Spread adhesive uniformly over the substrate with the specified trowel or other application procedure. After sufficient open time, the cushion is to be installed into the adhesive in a manner that minimizes air pockets. Proper open time is critical for a successful installation.

NOTE: For cushion to substrate, adhesives, application methods and spread rates are different from carpet to cushion installation methods. Refer to manufacturer’s installation instructions.

14.5 Carpet to Cushion Installation

When applying carpet to cushion, select the appropriate adhesive and trowel notch size recommended by the carpet, cushion and adhesive manufacturer. If recommendations are not available, refer to the general minimum guidelines in Table II – Trowel Size Minimum Guidelines at the end of this document. Spread adhesive uniformly over the cushion with the specified trowel or other application procedure.

After sufficient open time, the carpet is to be placed into the adhesive and rolled with the appropriate roller. Proper open time is critical for a successful installation.

NOTE: When spreading adhesive over cushion, excessive trowel pressure reduces effective adhesive coverage rate.

14.6 Edge Sealing

All seams must be sealed unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer.