Attachment_17_-_Final_Governing_Standard_(FGS)_UK.pdf

FINAL GOVERNING STANDARDS

for the

UNITED KINGDOM

(FGS-UK)

Prepared By

Headquarters United States Air Forces Europe

United States Department of Defense

Environmental Executive Agent for the United Kingdom

16 September 2010 sq90455 Typewritten Text Solicitation SP4520-14-R-0003, Attachment 17 sq90455 Typewritten Text

FINAL GOVERNING STANDARDS for the UNITED KINGDOM

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

CHAPTER 1 – OVERVIEW…………………………………………………………………… 1-1

CHAPTER 2 – AIR EMISSIONS……………………………………………………………… 2-1

2.1. Scope……………………………………………………………………………………2-1

2.2. Definitions……………………………………………………………………………... 2-1

2.3. Criteria…………………………………………………………………………….…… 2-4

CHAPTER 3 – DRINKING WATER………………………………………………………….. 3-1

3.1. Scope……………………………………………………………………………………3-1

3.2. Definitions……………………………………………………………………………... 3-1

3.3. Criteria…………………………………………………………………………………. 3-5

CHAPTER 4 – WASTEWATER ……………………………………………………………… 4-1

4.1. Scope……………………………………………………………………………………4-1

4.2. Definitions……………………………………………………………………………... 4-1

4.3. Criteria…………………………………………………………………………………. 4-4

CHAPTER 5 – HAZARDOUS MATERIAL…………………………………………………... 5-1

5.1. Scope……………………………………………………………………………………5-1

5.2. Definitions……………………………………………………………………………... 5-1

5.3. Criteria…………………………………………………………………………………. 5-2

CHAPTER 6 – HAZARDOUS WASTE………………………………………………………..6-1

6.1. Scope……………………………………………………………………………………6-1

6.2. Definitions……………………………………………………………………………... 6-1

6.3. Criteria…………………………………………………………………………………. 6-4

CHAPTER 7 – SOLID WASTE………………………………………………………………...7-1

7.1. Scope……………………………………………………………………………………7-1

7.2. Definitions……………………………………………………………………………... 7-1

7.3. Criteria…………………………………………………………………………………. 7-5

CHAPTER 8 – MEDICAL WASTE…………………………………………………………… 8-1

8.1. Scope……………………………………………………………………………………8-1

8.2. Definitions……………………………………………………………………………... 8-1

8.3. Criteria…………………………………………………………………………………. 8-3

CHAPTER 9 – PETROLEUM, OIL, AND LUBRICANTS (POL)…………………………… 9-1

9.1. Scope……………………………………………………………………………………9-1

9.2. Definitions……………………………………………………………………………... 9-1

9.3. Criteria…………………………………………………………………………………. 9-2

CHAPTER 10 – RESERVED………………………………………………………………… 10-1

CHAPTER 11 – PESTICIDES………………………………………………………………... 11-1

11.1. Scope…………………………………………………………………………………11-1

11.2. Definitions…………………………………………………………………………... 11-1

11.3. Criteria………………………………………………………………………………. 11-2

CHAPTER 12 – HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES……………………………...12-1

12.1. Scope…………………………………………………………………………………12-1

12.2. Definitions…………………………………………………………………………... 12-1

12.3. Criteria………………………………………………………………………………. 12-3

CHAPTER 13 – NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENDANGERED SPECIES……...……… 13-1

13.1. Scope…………………………………………………………………………………13-1

13.2. Definitions…………………………………….…………………………………...... 13-1

13.3. Criteria………………………………………………………………………………. 13-2

CHAPTER 14 – POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs)……………………………...14-1

14.1. Scope…………………………………………………………………………………14-1

14.2. Definitions………………………………...………………………………………… 14-1

14.3. Criteria………………………………………………………………………………. 14-3

CHAPTER 15 – ASBESTOS…………………………………………………………………. 15-1

15.1. Scope…………………………………………………………………………………15-1

15.2. Definitions…………………………………………………………………………... 15-1

15.3. Criteria………………………………………………………………………………. 15-1

CHAPTER 16 – RESERVED………………………………………………………………… 16-1

CHAPTER 17 – LEAD-BASED PAINT……………………………………………………... 17-1

17.1. Scope…………………………………………………………………………………17-1

17.2. Definitions……………………………………………………………………………17-1

17.3. Criteria………………………………………………………………………………. 17-3

CHAPTER 18 – SPILL PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PLANNING…………………… 18-1

18.1. Scope…………………………………………………………………………………18-1

18.2. Definitions…………………………………………………………………………... 18-1

18.3. Criteria………………………………………………………………………………. 18-2

CHAPTER 19 – UNDERGROUNG STORAGE TANKS (USTs)……………………………19-1

19.1. Scope…………………………………………………………………………………19-1

19.2. Definitions…………………………………………………………………………... 19-1

19.3. Criteria………………………………………………………………………………. 19-2

APPENDICES

Appendix AP1 – Characteristics of Hazardous Wastes and Lists of Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Materials………………………………………………………………………….. AP-1

Appendix AP2 – Determination of Worst Case Discharge Planning Volume……………….. AP-2

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9/30/2009

Chapter 1

OVERVIEW

FGS-UK – Chapter 1 Overview

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C1. CHAPTER 1

OVERVIEW

C1.1. SCOPE

The purpose of this Final Governing Standards (FGS) document is to provide specific standards for environmental compliance at Department of Defense (DoD) installations in the United Kingdom (UK). It implements DoD Instruction 4715.5, “Management of Environmental Compliance at Overseas Installations”.

These standards do not create any rights or obligations enforceable against the United States (U.S.), the DoD, or any of its Components, nor does it create any standard of care or practice for individuals. Although this document refers to other DoD Directives (DoDDs) and DoD Instructions (DoDIs), it is intended only to coordinate the requirements of those directives as required to implement the policies found in DoD Instruction 4715.5. This document does not change other DoDDs or DODIs or alter DoD policies.

C1.2. APPLICABILITY

C1.2.1. This document provides environmental standards for actions for DoD Components at installations in the UK.

C1.2.2. Owned, leased, and joint use facilities that are operated or maintained by DoD Components must comply with these standards when, and to the extent that, the Component controls the operation or maintenance activity(ies).

C1.2.3. At leased facilities operated and maintained by others, DoD Components may opt to require compliance with these standards by the lessor or contractor. In any case, lessors and contractors must fully comply with UK legal requirements.

C1.3. EXEMPTIONS: These standards do not apply to:

C1.3.1. DoD installations that do not have more than a de minimus or a very small potential to affect the natural environment (e.g., offices whose operations are primarily administrative, including defense attaché offices, security assistance offices, foreign buying offices or other similar organizations), or for which the DoD Components exercise control only on a temporary or intermittent basis;

C1.3.2. Leased, joint use, and similar facilities to the extent that the DoD does not control the instrumentality or operation that a criterion seeks to regulate;

C1.3.3. Operations of U.S. military vessels or the operations of U.S. military aircraft, or off-installation operational and training deployments. Off-installation operational deployments include cases of hostilities, contingency operations in hazardous areas and when U.S. forces are operating as part of a multi-national force not under the full control of the U.S. Such excepted operations and deployments shall be conducted in accordance with applicable international

1-2 9/30/2009 agreements, other DoDDs and DODIs and environmental annexes incorporated into operation plans or operation orders. (However, this FGS does apply to support functions for U.S. military vessels and aircraft provided by the DoD Components, including management or disposal of off-loaded waste or material);

C1.3.4. Facilities and activities associated with the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, which are covered under Executive Order (EO) 12344 “Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program,” and conducted pursuant to 42 U.S. Code (USC) 7158;

C1.3.5. The determination or conduct of remediation to correct environmental problems caused by the DoD’s past activities; and, C1.3.6. Environmental analyses conducted under EO 12114, “Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions.”

C1.3.7. Munitions. Follow applicable DoD and Service policy for the storage, handling and disposal of munitions.

C1.4. DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this document, unless otherwise indicated, the following definitions apply:

C1.4.1. Appropriate DoD Medical Authority. The medical professional designated by the in-theater Component Commander to be responsible for resolving medical issues at the Component’s installations.

C1.4.2. Defence Estates. Organization that manages the military estate, including accommodation for Service personnel and the U.S. Visiting Forces, on behalf of the Ministry of Defence (MoD). Defence Estates supports and enhances military capability, delivering the full range of services that are required to maintain a diverse, sustainable estate.

C1.4.3. Existing Facility. Any facility/building, source or project in use or under construction before 1 October 1994, unless it is subsequently substantially modified.

C1.4.4. Installation. A base, camp, post, station, yard, center or other activity (e.g., a geographically separated unit) under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of a Military Department that is located outside the U.S. and outside any territory, commonwealth, or possession of the U.S.

C1.4.5. New Facility. Any facility/building, source or project with a construction start date on, or after, 1 October 1994, or a pre-existing facility that has been substantially modified since 1 October 1994.

C1.4.6. RAF Commander. The formal representative of the installation who may serve as the liaison with national authorities and the contact with local authorities and local UK military and civil entities.

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C1.4.7. Substantial Modification. Any modification to a facility/building the cost of which exceeds $1 million, regardless of funding source.

C1.5. PERMITS AND REPORTING

C1.5.1. Formal interaction or interaction of common (UK and U.S.) interest with UK authorities should be conducted with the cognizance of the RAF Commander.

C1.5.2. The DoD shall not directly obtain permits from the UK. If a permit is required for DoD activities, the DoD Component shall request the RAF Commander to obtain such permit on their behalf. When the RAF Commander obtains a permit on behalf of a DoD Component and the permit requires a more protective standard than prescribed in the FGS, the standard in the permit shall be the compliance standard. However, if a permit allows a less protective standard, then the FGS will be the compliance standard unless a waiver is obtained. DoD Components will assist the RAF Commander with applying for permits and providing reports and records or otherwise helping him with his liaison duties.

C1.5.3. If the installation at issue does not appear to fall under the responsibility of any RAF Commander, the DoD installation shall request clarification from the Environmental Executive Agent via the chain of command. The Environmental Executive Agent will pursue having higher UK military headquarters resolve representational responsibility, when necessary.

C1.6. POLLUTION PREVENTION

DoDI 4715.4, “Pollution Prevention”, implements policy, assigns responsibility, and prescribes procedures for implementation of pollution prevention programs throughout the DoD. DoDI

4715.4 should be consulted for particular requirements that apply, as a matter of DoD policy, to activities outside the U.S. Where economically advantageous and consistent with mission requirements, pollution prevention shall be the preferred means for attaining compliance with the

FGS.

C1.7. ENVIRONMENTAL EXECUTIVE AGENT

The Environmental Executive Agent for these FGS is the HQ USAFE/CV. These duties, other than the duty to approve waivers to these FGS, have been delegated to the HQ USAFE, Civil Engineer.

Questions or comments pertaining to this FGS should be directed to the HQ USAFE Environmental Branch staff at:

HQ USAFE/A7AVQ

Unit 3050 Box 10

APO AE 09094

Telephone:

DSN 480-6382/6482/3072

Civ +49-6371-47-6382/6482/3072

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FAX:

DSN 480-9528

Civ +49-6371-47-9528

Email:

USAFECEV@ramstein.af.mil

11/5/2009

Chapter 2

AIR EMISSIONS

FGS-UK – Chapter 2 Air Emissions

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C2. CHAPTER 2

AIR EMISSIONS

C2.1. SCOPE

This chapter contains standards for air emissions sources. Criteria addressing open burning of Solid Waste is contained in Chapter 7. Criteria addressing asbestos are contained in Chapter 15, “Asbestos.”

C2.2. DEFINITIONS

C2.2.1. Black Smoke. Smoke that appears to be as dark or darker than Shade 4 on a Ringlemann Chart.

C2.2.2. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Compounds consisting of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon atoms which are very stable in the troposphere.

C2.2.3. Coal Refuse. Waste products from coal mining, cleanings and coal preparation operations (e.g., culm, gob, etc.) containing coal, matrix material, clay, and other organic and inorganic material.

C2.2.4. Cold Cleaning Machine. Any device or piece of equipment that contains and/or uses liquid solvent, into which parts are placed to remove soils and other contaminants from the surfaces of the parts or to dry the parts. Cleaning machines that contain and use heated, non-boiling solvent to clean the parts are classified as cold cleaning machines.

C2.2.5. Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incinerator (CISWI) Units. Any combustion device that combusts commercial and industrial waste in an enclosed device using controlled flame combustion, without energy recovery, that is a distinct operating unit of any commercial or industrial facility (including field-erected, modular, and custom incineration units operating with starved or excess air). CISWI units do NOT include Municipal Waste Combustor Units, Sewage Sludge Incinerators, Medical Waste Incinerators, and Hazardous Waste Combustion Units

C2.2.6. Dark Smoke. Smoke that appears to be as dark or darker than Shade 2 on a Ringlemann Chart.

C2.2.7. Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) as listed in Table C2.T5.2, and preparations containing these substances, but excluding controlled substances listed at C2.2.20.

C2.2.8. Fossil Fuel. Natural gas, petroleum, coal, and any form of solid, liquid or gaseous fuel derived from such material for the purpose of creating useful heat.

C2.2.9. Freeboard Ratio. The ratio of the solvent cleaning machine freeboard height to the smaller interior dimension (length, width, or diameter) of the solvent cleaning machine.

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C2.2.10. Heat Pump. A device or installation that extracts heat at low temperature from air, water or earth and supplies heat to a process, location, or activity.

C2.2.11. Hermetically Sealed System. A system in which all refrigerant containing parts are made tight by welding, brazing or a similar permanent connection which may include capped valves and capped service ports that allow proper repair or disposal and which have a tested leak rate of less than 3 grams (0.11 ounces) per year under a pressure of at least a quarter of the maximum allowable pressure of that system.

C2.2.12. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). Compounds comprised of hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, and carbon atoms.

C2.2.13. Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC). An organic compound consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon, and where no more than six carbon atoms are contained in the molecule; and often used as a replacement for Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS).

C2.2.14. Incinerator. Any furnace used in the process of burning solid or liquid waste for the purpose of reducing the volume of the waste by removing combustible matter, including equipment with heat recovery systems for either hot water or steam generation. An incinerator includes the site and the entire incinerator including all incineration lines, waste reception, storage, on site pre-treatment facilities, waste-fuel and air-supply systems, boiler, facilities for the treatment of exhaust gases, on-site facilities for treatment or storage of residues and waste water, stack, devices and systems for controlling incineration operations recording and monitoring incineration conditions.

C2.2.15. Leak Detection System. A calibrated mechanical, electrical or electronic device for detecting leaks of fluorinated greenhouse gases which, on detection, alerts the operator.

C2.2.16. Motor Vehicle. Any commercially available vehicle that is not adapted to military use which is self-propelled and designed for transporting persons or property on a street or highway, including but not limited to passenger cars, light duty vehicles, and heavy duty vehicles.

C2.2.17. Municipal Waste Combustion (MWC) Units. Any equipment that combusts solid, liquid, or gasified municipal solid waste (MSW) including, but not limited to, field-erected MWC units (with or without heat recovery), modular MWC units (starved-air or excess-air), boilers (for example, steam generating units), furnaces (whether suspension-fired, grate-fired, mass-fired, air curtain incinerators, or fluidized bed-fired), and pyrolysis/combustion units.

Municipal waste combustion units do NOT include pyrolysis or MWC units located at a plastics or rubber recycling unit, cement kilns that combust MSW, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or other combustion devices that combust landfill gases collected by landfill gas collection systems.

C2.2.18. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Any household, commercial/retail, or institutional waste. Household waste includes material discarded from residential dwellings, hotels, motels, and other similar permanent or temporary housing. Commercial/retail waste includes material discarded by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, nonmanufacturing activities at industrial facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Institutional waste includes materials

2-3 11/5/2009 discarded by schools, hospitals (nonmedical), nonmanufacturing activities at prisons and government facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does include yard waste and refuse-derived fuel.

Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does not include used oil; sewage sludge;

wood pallets; construction, renovation, and demolition wastes (which include railroad ties and telephone poles); clean wood; industrial process or manufacturing wastes; medical waste; or motor vehicles (including motor vehicle parts or vehicle fluff).

C2.2.19. New Source. Any facility/building, source, unit or project with a construction start date on, or after, 1 October 1994, or a pre-existing facility/building, source, unit or project that has been substantially modified since 1 October 1994.

C2.2.20. Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS). Substances having the potential to destroy ozone in the stratosphere. They include the following, and are specifically identified in Table C2.T5.1;

C2.2.20.1. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

C2.2.20.2. Other Fully Halogenated Chlorofluorocarbons;

C2.2.20.3. Halons;

C2.2.20.4. Carbon Tetrachloride;

C2.2.20.5. 1,1,1-trichloroethane (Methyl Chloroform);

C2.2.20.6. Methyl Bromide

C2.2.20.7. Hydrobromofluorocarbons;

C2.2.20.8. Bromochloromethane; and

C2.2.20.9. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs).

C2.2.21. Pathological Waste. Waste material consisting of only human or animal remains, anatomical parts, and/or tissue, the bags/containers used to collect and transport the waste material, and animal bedding (if applicable).

C2.2.22. Perfluorocarbon (PFC).An organic compound consisting solely of carbon and fluorine, and where no more than six carbon atoms are contained in the molecule; and often used as a replacement for ODS.

C2.2.23. Petroleum, Oils and Lubricants (POL). Refined petroleum, oils and lubricants, including, but not limited to, petroleum, fuel, lubricating oils, synthetic oils, mineral oils, animal fats, vegetable oil, and sludge.

C2.2.24. Process Heater. A device that is primarily used to heat a material to initiate or promote a chemical reaction in which the material participates as a reactant or catalyst.

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C2.2.25. Pyrolysis. The endothermic gasification of hospital waste and/or medical/infectious waste using external energy.

C2.2.26. Reclamation. The reprocessing and upgrading of a recovered controlled substance through such processes as filtering, drying, distillation and chemical treatment in order to restore the substance to a specified standard of performance, which often involves processing off site at a central facility. It also means the reprocessing of a recovered fluorinated greenhouse gas in order to meet a specified standard of performance.

C2.2.27. Recovery. The collection and the storage of controlled substances or fluorinated greenhouse gases from, for example, machinery, equipment and containment vessels during services or before disposal.

C2.2.28. Recycling. The reuse of a recovered controlled substance or fluorinated greenhouse gases following a basic cleaning process such as filtering and drying. For ODS refrigerants, recycling normally involves recharge back into equipment and is often carried out on site.

C2.2.29. Ringlemann Chart. Reference standard depicting gradations in shading in 20% increments from 0 (white) to 5 (black).

C2.2.30. Stack. Any point in a source covered by criteria contained in C2.3.1, C2.3.2, C2.3.3, C2.3.4, or C2.3.5 designed to emit pollutants.

C2.2.31. Steam/Hot Water Generating Unit. A device that combusts any fuel and produces steam or heats water or any other heat transfer medium. This definition does not include nuclear steam generators or process heaters.

C2.2.32. Substantially-Modified. Any modification to a facility/building, the cost of which exceeds $1 million, regardless of funding source.

C2.2.33. Vapor Cleaning Machine. A batch or in-line solvent cleaning machine that boils liquid solvent which generates solvent vapor that is used as a part of the cleaning or drying cycle.

C2.2.34. Vapor-Recovery Unit. Any equipment used for the recovery of POL from vapors, including any buffer reservoir systems at a Loading/Unloading Area.

C2.2.35. Wood Residue. Bark, sawdust, slabs, chips, shavings, mill trim, and other wood products derived from wood processing and forest management operations.

C2.3. CRITERIA

C2.3.1. Steam/Hot Water Generating Units. The following standards apply to units that commenced construction on or after 1 October 1994 or that were substantially modified since 1 October 1994.

C2.3.1.1. Air Emission Standards. The following criteria apply to units with a maximum design heat input capacity greater or equal to 10 million British thermal units per hour (BTU/hr):

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C2.3.1.1.1. Steam/hot water generating units and associated emissions controls, if applicable, must be designed to meet the emission standards for specific sized units shown in Table C2.T1 at all times, except during periods of start up, shut down, soot blowing, malfunction, or when emergency conditions exist.

C2.3.1.1.2. For units combusting liquid or solid fossil fuels, fuel sulfur content (weight percent) and higher heating value will be measured and recorded for each new shipment of fuel. Use these data to calculate sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions and document compliance with the SO2 limits using the equation in Table C2.T1. Alternatively, install a properly calibrated and maintained continuous emissions monitoring system to measure the flue gas for SO2 and either oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide (CO2).

C2.3.1.2. Air Emissions Monitoring. Steam/hot water generating units subject to opacity or nitrogen oxides (NOX) standards in Table C2.T1 must have a properly calibrated and maintained continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) to measure the flue gas as follows:

C2.3.1.2.1. For units with a maximum design heat input capacity greater than 30 million Btu/hr: Opacity, except that CEMS is not required where gaseous or distillate fuels are the only fuels combusted.

C2.3.1.2.2. For fossil fuel fired units with a maximum design heat input capacity greater than 100 million Btu/hr: NOX and either O2 or CO2.

C2.3.1.3. Smoke Limitations. Units with a maximum design capacity of less than 30 million BTU/hr may not produce dark or black smoke in excess of the limitations set forth in Table C2.T4. This provision does not apply to:

C2.3.1.3.1. Smoke due solely to the lighting up of the unit when cold;

C2.3.1.3.2. Smoke due solely to some failure of the apparatus;

C2.3.1.3.3. Smoke due solely to the use of an unsuitable fuel if suitable fuel was unobtainable, the least unsuitable fuel was used, and all practicable steps were taken to prevent or minimize smoke from the use of the fuel.

C2.3.2. Incinerators. The following requirements do not apply to incinerators combusting hazardous waste or munitions. Refer to Chapter 6, “Hazardous Waste” for information regarding hazardous waste disposal and incineration.

C2.3.2.1. Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incinerators (CISWI). All CISWI units must obtain and meet the conditions of an operating permit issued by a competent UK authority.

If the permit conditions require a more protective standard than the emission standards prescribed in Table C2.T2 and operating limits in Table C2.T3, the standard in the permit shall be the compliance standard. However, if a permit allows a less protective standard, then the emission standards prescribed in Table C2.T2 and operating limits in Table C2.T3 will be the compliance standard, unless a waiver is obtained.

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C2.3.2.2. Municipal Waste Combustion (MWC) Units. Each MWC unit must obtain and meet the conditions of an operating permit issued by a competent UK authority. If the permit conditions require a more protective standard than the emission standards prescribed in Table C2.T2 and operating limits in Table C2.T3, the standard in the permit shall be the compliance standard. However, if a permit allows a less protective standard, then the emission standards prescribed in Table C2.T2 and operating limits in Table C2.T3 will be the compliance standard, unless a waiver is obtained.

C2.3.2.3. Sewage Sludge Incinerators. Each sewage sludge incinerator must obtain and meet the conditions of an operating permit issued by a competent UK authority. If the permit conditions require a more protective standard than the FGS criteria below, the standard in the permit shall be the compliance standard. However, if a permit allows a less protective standard, then the FGS criteria below will be the compliance standard, unless a waiver is obtained.

C2.3.2.3.1. All sewage sludge incinerators that commenced construction on or after 1 October 1994 or that were substantially modified since 1 October 1994 and that burn more than 1 ton per day (tpd) of sewage sludge or more than 10% sewage sludge must also be designed to meet a particulate emission limit of 0.65 g/kg dry sludge (1.30 lb/ton dry sludge) and an opacity limit of 20% at all times, except during periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, or when emergency conditions exist.

C2.3.2.4. Medical Waste Incinerators (MWI). Each MWI unit must obtain and meet the conditions of an operating permit issued by a competent UK authority. If the permit conditions require a more protective standard than the FGS criteria, the standard in the permit shall be the compliance standard. However, if a permit allows a less protective standard, then he FGS criteria will be the compliance standard, unless a waiver is obtained. The following standards apply to all units. These requirements do not apply to portable units (field deployable), pyrolysis units, or units that burn only pathological, low-level radioactive waste, or chemotherapeutic waste. Refer to Chapter 8, “Medical Waste Management”, for other requirements pertaining to medical waste management.

C2.3.2.4.1. All MWI must be designed and operated according to the following good combustion practices (GCP):

C2.3.2.4.1.1. Unit design: dual chamber.

C2.3.2.4.1.2. Minimum temperature in primary chamber: 1400-1600 o F (760-o C).

C2.3.2.4.1.3. Minimum temperature in secondary chamber: 1800-2200 o F (982-o C).

C2.3.2.4.1.4. Minimum residence time in the secondary chamber: 2 seconds

C2.3.2.4.1.5. Incinerator operators must be trained in accordance with applicable Service requirements.

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C2.3.2.5. All emissions to air, other than steam or water vapor, will be colorless and free from persistent mist, persistent fume, and droplets, and will have no offensive odor outside the process boundary. Emissions from combustion processes will, in normal operations, be free from visible smoke and in any case will not exceed shade one of the Ringlemann Chart. This provision does not apply to:

C2.3.2.5.1. The emission due solely to the lighting up of the incinerator when cold;

C2.3.2.5.2. The emission due solely to some failure of the apparatus.

C2.3.3. Perchloroethylene (PCE, CAS# 127-18-4) Dry Cleaning Machines. The following requirements apply to all PCE dry cleaning machines. These requirements do not apply to coin-operated machines.

C2.3.3.1. Emissions from PCE dry cleaning machines installed before 1 October 1994 that use more than 9,460 liters (2000 U.S. gallons) per year of PCE (installation wide) in their dry cleaning operations, must be controlled with a refrigerated condenser, unless a carbon absorber was already installed. The temperature of the refrigerated condenser must be maintained at 45°F (7°C) or less. Dry cleaning machines and control devices must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.3.2. All PCE dry cleaning systems installed on or after 1 October 1994 must be of the dry-to-dry design with emissions controlled by a refrigerated condenser. The temperature of the refrigerated condenser must be maintained at 45°F (7°C) or less. Dry cleaning machines and control devices must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.3.3. All dry cleaning machines (defined as any industrial or commercial activity using Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) to clean garments, furnishings and similar consumer goods) must meet the emission limit values of 20 g (0.7 oz) of solvent emitted per 1 kg (2.2 lb) of product (i.e., clothes, furniture, consumer goods) cleaned and dried within the machine.

C2.3.4. Chromium Electroplating and Chromium Anodizing Tanks. Electroplating and anodizing tanks must comply with one of the three methods below for controlling chromium emissions. Implement one of the following methods that is most appropriate to suit local conditions.

C2.3.4.1. Option 1: Limit chromium emissions in the ventilation exhaust to 0.015 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (mg/dscm). Control devices/methods must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.4.2. Option 2: Use chemical tank additives to prevent the surface tension of the electroplating or anodizing bath from exceeding 45 dynes per centimeter (cm) as measured by a stalagmometer or 35 dynes/cm as measured by a tensiometer. Measure the surface tension prior to the first initiation of electric current on a given day and every 4 hours thereafter.

C2.3.4.3. Option 3: Limit chromium emissions to the maximum allowable mass emission rate (MAMER) calculated using the following equation: MAMER = ETSA x K x 0.015 mg/dscm, where: MAMER = the alternative emission rate for enclosed hard chromium

2-8 11/5/2009 electroplating tanks in mg/hr; ETSA = the hard chromium electroplating tank surface area in square feet (ft2); K = a conversion factor, 425 dscm/(ft2-hr). Option 3 is ONLY applicable to hard chrome electroplating tanks equipped with an enclosing hood and ventilated at half the rate or less than that of an open surface tank of the same surface area.

C2.3.5. Halogenated Solvent Cleaning Machines. These requirements apply to all solvent cleaning machines that use solvent which contains more than 5% by weight: methylene chloride (CAS No.75-09-2), perchloroethylene (CAS No. 127-18-4), trichloroethylene (CAS No. 79-01- 6), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (CAS No. 71-55-6), carbon tetrachloride (CAS No. 56-23-5), and chloroform (CAS No. 67-66-3), or any combination of these halogenated solvents.

C2.3.5.1. All cold cleaning machines (remote reservoir and immersion tanks) must be covered when not in use. Additionally, immersion type cold cleaning machines must have either a 1-inch water layer or a freeboard ratio of at least 0.75.

C2.3.5.2. All vapor cleaning machines (vapor degreasers) must incorporate design and work practices which minimize the direct release of halogenated solvent to the atmosphere.

C2.3.6. Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) listed in Table C2.T5.1 Uses and Prohibitions.

C2.3.6.1. Use (i.e., utilization in maintenance or servicing of products and equipment) of the following ODSs is prohibited. Running an existing system without maintenance (e.g., using a refrigerator) would not be classified as use.

C2.3.6.1.1. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs);

C2.3.6.1.2. Other fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons;

C2.3.6.1.3. Carbon tetrachloride;

C2.3.6.1.4. 1,1,1-trichloroethane; and

C2.3.6.1.5. Hydrobromofluorocarbons

C2.3.6.2. Use of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). Except as allowed in paragraph C2.3.6.3, use (i.e., utilization in maintenance or servicing of products and equipment) of HCFCs is prohibited in the following applications. Running an existing system without maintenance (e.g., using a refrigerator) would not be classified as use:

C2.3.6.2.1. in aerosols;

C2.3.6.2.2. in solvents;

C2.3.6.2.3. as refrigerants;

C2.3.6.2.3.1. In equipment produced after 31 December 1995 for the following uses:

C2.3.6.2.3.1.1. In non-confined direct-evaporation systems, 2-9 11/5/2009

C2.3.6.2.3.1.2. In household refrigerators and freezers, C2.3.6.2.3.1.3. In motor vehicle, tractor and off-road vehicle or trailer air-conditioning systems operating on any energy source. However, for military applications the use is prohibited beginning on 31 December 2008, C2.3.6.2.3.1.4. In road public-transport air-conditioning, C2.3.6.2.3.2. In equipment produced after 31 December 1997 for use in rail transport air-conditioning;

C2.3.6.2.3.3. In equipment produced after 31 December 1999 for the following uses:

C2.3.6.2.3.3.1. In public and distribution cold stores and warehouses, C2.3.6.2.3.3.2. For equipment of 150 KW and over, shaft input, C2.3.6.2.3.3.3. In all other refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment produced after 31 December 2000.

C2.3.6.2.3.4. The use of virgin HCFCs in the maintenance and servicing of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment shall be prohibited from 1 January 2010, in equipment existing at that time. The use of all HCFCs in the maintenance and servicing of all refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment shall be prohibited from 1 January 2015.

C2.3.6.2.4. For the production of foams except integral skin foams for use in safety applications and rigid insulating foams.

C2.3.6.2.5. As carrier gas for sterilization substances in closed systems, in equipment produced after 31 December 1997;

C2.3.6.2.6. In all other applications.

C2.3.6.3. The use of HCFCs shall be allowed:

C2.3.6.3.1. In laboratory uses, including research and development;

C2.3.6.3.2. As feedstock (i.e.; undergoes chemical transformation in a process in which it is entirely converted from its original composition and whose emissions are insignificant);

C2.3.6.3.3. As a processing agent;

C2.3.6.3.4. As halon substitutes in existing fire protection systems specified in Table C2.T6 under the following conditions:

C2.3.6.3.4.1. Original halons contained in such fire protection systems shall be replaced completely, and

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C2.3.6.3.4.2. Halons withdrawn shall be disposed in accordance with DoD 4160.21-M, Defense Materiel Disposition Manual, Chapter 10.

C2.3.7. Control of ODS listed in Table C2.T5.1 and Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases listed in Table C2.T5.2. The following criteria apply to direct atmospheric emissions of ODS and fluorinated greenhouse gases from refrigeration equipment, air-conditioners, heat pump equipment, equipment containing solvents, and from fire protection systems and fire extinguishers.

C2.3.7.1. Refrigerant Recovery/Recycling. All repairs, including leak repairs or services to equipment, industrial process refrigeration units, air conditioning units, or motor vehicle air conditioners, must be performed using commercially available refrigerant recovery/recycling equipment operated by trained personnel. Operators shall be trained in proper recovery/recycling procedures, leak detection, safety, shipping, and disposal in accordance with recognized industry standards or UK equivalent.

C2.3.7.2. Repaired equipment containing 3 kg (6.6 lbs) or more of refrigerating fluid charge shall be checked for leakages on an annual basis.

C2.3.7.3. Where methyl bromide is used in soil fumigation, the use of virtually impermeable films for a sufficient time, or other techniques ensuring the same level of environmental protection must be used. All practicable precautionary measures must be taken to prevent and minimize leakage of methyl bromide from fumigation installations and operations.

C2.3.7.4. Refrigerant Venting Prohibition. Any class I or class II ODS, HFC, PFC and fluorinated greenhouse gas refrigerant, identified in Table C2.T5.1 and Table C2.T5.2 shall not be intentionally released in the course of maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of appliances, industrial process refrigeration units, air conditioning units, or motor vehicle air conditioners. De minimus releases associated with good faith attempts to recycle or recover ODS, HFC, PFC and fluorinated greenhouse gas refrigerant refrigerants are not subject to this prohibition.

C2.3.7.5. ODS Refrigerant (Table C2.T5.1) Leak Monitoring and Repair. Monitor and repair refrigeration equipment for ODS leakage in accordance with the following criteria and repair, if found to be leaking.

C2.3.7.5.1. Commercial Refrigeration Equipment. Commercial refrigeration equipment normally containing more than 22.7 kg (50 lbs) of refrigerant must have leaks repaired if the appliance is leaking at a rate such that the loss of refrigerant will exceed 35 percent of the total charge during a 12-month period.

C2.3.7.5.2. Industrial Process Refrigeration Equipment. Industrial process refrigeration equipment normally containing more than 22.7 kg (50 lbs) of refrigerant must have leaks repaired if the appliance is leaking at a rate such that the loss of refrigerant will exceed 35 percent of the total charge during a 12-month period.

C2.3.7.5.3. Comfort Cooling Appliances. Comfort cooling appliances normally containing more than 22.7 kg (50 lbs) of refrigerant and not covered by subparagraphs C2.3.7.5.1

2-11 11/5/2009 or C2.3.7.5.2 must have leaks repaired if the appliance is leaking at a rate such that the loss of refrigerant will exceed 15 percent of the total charge during a 12-month period.

C2.3.7.6. Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas (Table C2.T5.2) Leak Monitoring and Repair.

Monitor and repair equipment for fluorinated greenhouse gas leakage in accordance with the following criteria and repair.

C2.3.7.6.1. Equipment containing 3 kg (6.6 lbs) or more of fluorinated greenhouse gases shall be checked for leaks at least once every 12 months; this shall not apply to equipment with hermetically sealed systems, which are labeled as such and contain less than 6 kg (13.2 lbs) of fluorinated greenhouse gases.

C2.3.7.6.2. Equipment containing 30 kg (66 lbs) or more of fluorinated greenhouse gases shall be checked for leaks at least once every six months.

C2.3.7.6.3. Equipment containing 300 kg (660 lbs) or more of fluorinated greenhouse gases shall be checked for leaks at least once every three months.

C2.3.7.6.4. Installations operating equipment containing 300 kg (660 lbs) or more of fluorinated greenhouse gases, shall install leak detection systems. These leak detection systems shall be checked at least once every 12 months to ensure their proper functioning. In the case of such fire protection systems installed before 4 July 2007, leak detection systems shall be fitted by 4 July 2010.

C2.3.7.6.5. Where a properly functioning appropriate leak detection system is in place, the frequency of the checks required under C2.3.7.6.2 and C2.3.7.6.3 shall be halved.

C2.3.7.6.6. The equipment shall be checked for leaks within one month after a leak has been repaired to ensure that the repair has been effective.

C2.3.7.7. Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas (Table C2.T5.2) Recovery.

C2.3.7.7.1. Technicians must ensure the proper recovery of fluorinated greenhouse gases from the following equipment prior to its disposal and, when appropriate, during its servicing and maintenance:

C2.3.7.7.1.1. The cooling circuits of refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump equipment;

C2.3.7.7.1.2. Equipment containing fluorinated greenhouse gas-based solvents;

C2.3.7.7.1.3. Fire protection systems and fire extinguishers; and

C2.3.7.7.1.4. High-voltage switchgear.

C2.3.7.7.2. When a refillable or non-refillable fluorinated greenhouse gas container reaches the end of its life, the person using the container for transport or storage purposes must ensure the proper recovery of any residual gases it may contain.

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C2.3.7.7.3. Fluorinated greenhouse gases contained in other products and equipment, including mobile equipment shall, to the extent that it is technically feasible and does not entail disproportionate cost, be recovered to ensure their recycling, reclamation or destruction prior to its disposal and, when appropriate, during its servicing and maintenance.

C2.3.7.8. Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas (Table C2.T5.2) Record Keeping. Operators of stationary refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump equipment including circuitry, and fire protection systems containing 3 kg (6.6 lbs) or more of fluorinated greenhouse gases shall maintain records on the quantity and type of fluorinated greenhouse gases installed, any quantities added and the quantity recovered during servicing, maintenance and final disposal.

C2.3.7.8.1. Additionally, installations shall maintain relevant information including identification of the company and/or technician performing the service or maintenance, dates and results of checks carried out to comply with C2.3.7.6, and relevant information identifying the equipment referred to in C2.3.7.6.2 and C2.3.7.6.3.

C2.3.7.8.2. The records shall include information on the fluorinated greenhouse gas charge for a fire protection system.

C2.3.7.8.3. The records shall include information on the fluorinated greenhouse gas charge for any refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump equipment.

C2.3.7.8.4. These records shall be made available to the RAF Commander upon request.

C2.3.7.9. ODS Fire Suppression Agent (Halon) Venting Prohibition. Critical uses of halon, as indicated in Table C2.T6, are still permitted. All other uses of halon are banned.

Halons shall not be intentionally released into the environment while testing, maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of halon-containing equipment or using such equipment for technician training. This venting prohibition does NOT apply to the following permitted halon releases:

C2.3.7.9.1. De minimus releases associated with good faith attempts to recycle or recover halons (i.e., release of residual halon contained in fully discharged total flooding fire suppression systems).

C2.3.7.9.2. Emergency releases for the legitimate purpose of fire extinguishing, explosion inertion, or other emergency applications for which the equipment or systems were designed; and

C2.3.7.9.3. Releases during the testing of fire extinguishing systems if each of the following is true: systems or equipment employing suitable alternative fire extinguishing agents are not available; release of extinguishing agent is essential to demonstrate equipment functionality; the failure of system or equipment would pose great risk to human safety or the environment; and, a simulant agent (i.e., substitute product that can perform the same function) cannot be used.

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C2.3.7.10. Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas (Table C2.T5.2) Leak Monitoring and Repair of Fire Protection Systems. Installations must monitor fire protection systems containing 3 kg (6.6 lbs) or more of fluorinated greenhouse gases and make repairs to any leaks according to the following criteria:

C2.3.7.10.1. Pressure gauges and weight-monitoring devices shall be checked once every 12 months to ensure proper functioning.

C2.3.7.10.2. The technician shall ensure a leak test is performed prior to recharging of equipment.

C2.3.7.10.3. Newly installed fire protection systems shall be checked for leaks immediately after they have been placed into service.

C2.3.7.11. Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas (Table C2.T5.2) Leak Monitoring and Repair of Heating and Cooling Systems. Leak Monitoring and Repair of working and temporarily out of operation stationary refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump equipment containing 3 kg (6.6 lbs) or more of fluorinated greenhouse gases, shall meet the following.

C2.3.7.11.1. Prior to any repair, a pump-down or recovery shall be carried out, where necessary.

C2.3.7.11.2. A leakage test with Oxygen-Free Nitrogen (OFN) or another suitable pressure testing and drying gas shall be carried out where necessary, followed by evacuation, recharge and leakage-test.

C2.3.7.11.3. Before pressure testing, technicians shall recover fluorinated greenhouse gases from the appliance, where necessary.

C2.3.7.11.4. The cause of any leakage shall be identified to the extent possible, to avoid recurrence.

C2.3.7.11.5. Newly installed refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump equipment shall be checked for leaks immediately after they have been placed into service.

C2.3.7.12. Mobile air conditioners.

C2.3.7.12.1. Prior to its disposal and, when appropriate, during its servicing and maintenance, fluorinated greenhouse gases contained in air conditioners in mobile equipment shall be recovered to ensure their proper recycling, reclamation or destruction, where it is technically feasible and does not entail disproportionate costs.

C2.3.7.12.2. When servicing and repairing air conditioning systems on vehicles, technicians shall not fill such equipment with fluorinated greenhouse gases if an abnormal amount of the refrigerant has leaked from the system until the necessary repairs have been completed.

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C2.3.8. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).

C2.3.8.1. Facilities for painting or respraying of road vehicles involving the use of 1 or more metric tons (2,200 lbs) of organic solvents in any 12 month period shall consult with the RAF Commander to determine if the RAF Commander should seek a permit for the operation.

C2.3.8.2. Facilities for painting or respraying of aircraft or aircraft components involving the use of 5 or more tons (11,000 or more lbs) of organic solvents in any 12 month period shall consult with the RAF Commander to determine if the RAF Commander should seek a permit for the operation.

C2.3.9. Motor vehicles. This criteria applies to DoD-owned motor vehicles as defined in paragraph C2.2.16.

C2.3.9.1. All vehicles shall be inspected every two years to ensure that no tampering with the factory-installed emission control equipment has occurred.

C2.3.9.2. If available on the local economy, use only unleaded gasoline in vehicles that are designed for this fuel.

C2.3.10. Fuel Criteria.

C2.3.10.1. Heavy fuel oil (e.g., #6 heating oil) acquired for use on DoD installations shall contain less than 1% by mass Sulfur.

C2.3.10.2. Gas oil (e.g., #2 heating oil) acquired for use on DoD installations shall contain less than 0.1% by mass Sulfur.

C2.3.11. Vapor Recovery Units for Storing, Transport, and Distribution of POL.

C2.3.11.1. The mean concentration of vapors in the exhaust from the vapor recovery — unit corrected for dilution during treatment — must not exceed 35 g/normal cubic meter (Nm3) [0.991 g/normal cubic foot (Nft3)] for any one hour. Measurement requirements are:

C2.3.11.1.1. Measurements must be made over the course of one full working day, seven hours minimum, of normal throughput;

C2.3.11.1.2. Measurements may be continuous or discontinuous. If discontinuous measurements are employed, at least four measurements per hour must be made.

C2.3.11.1.3. The overall measurement error due to the equipment used, the calibration gas and the procedure used must not exceed 10% of the measured value.

C2.3.11.1.4. The equipment used must be capable of measuring concentrations at least as low as 3 g/Nm3 (0.085 g/ Nft3).

C2.3.11.1.5. The precision must be at least 95% of the measured value.

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C2.3.12. Stack Heights. Hg is the good engineering practice stack height necessary to minimize downwash of stack emissions due to aerodynamic influences from nearby structures.

C2.3.12.1. Stacks shall be designed and constructed to heights at least equal to the largest Hg calculated from either of the following two criteria:

C2.3.12.1.1. Hg = H +_1.5 L, where H is the height of the nearby structure measured from the ground level elevation at the base of the stack, and L is the lesser of height or projected width of the nearby structure(s). A structure is determined to be nearby when the stack is located within 5 L of the structure envelope but not greater than 0.8 km (0.5 mile). This calculation shall be performed for each structure nearby the stack being studied to determine the greatest Hg.

C2.3.12.1.2. Hg is the height demonstrated by a fluid model or a field study, which ensures that the emissions from a stack do not result in maximum ground-level concentrations of any air pollutant as a result of atmospheric downwash, wakes, or eddy effects created by the source itself, nearby structures, or nearby terrain features at least 40 percent in excess of the maximum ground-level concentrations of any air pollutant experienced in the absence of such atmospheric downwash, wakes, or eddy effects. For purposes of this paragraph, “nearby” means not greater than 0.8 km (0.5 miles), except that the portion of a terrain feature may be considered to be nearby which falls within a distance of up to 10 times the maximum height (Ht) of the feature, not to exceed 3.2 km (2 miles) if such feature achieves a height (Ht) 0.8 km (0.5 miles) from the stack that is at least 40 percent of the good engineering practice stack height determined by the formulae provided in C2.3.12.1.1 of this part or 26 meters (0.02 miles), whichever is greater, as measured from the ground-level elevation at the base of the stack. The height of the structure or terrain feature is measured from the ground-level elevation at the base of the stack.

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Table C2.T1 Emission…