Shipping guidance for Overseas imported official vehicles.docx

GSO Customs & Shipping Embassy Hanoi, Vietnam

OVERSEAS IMPORTED OFFICIAL VEHICLES

1. General information

· Make/Model/Color

· Month & year of Manufacture (Note: The manufacturing year sometimes is different from the model year. The manufacturing year on the label can be found on the label behind the driving seat or front door)

· Engine and Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) (or Frame Numbers) (Note: Engine number is different from Frame Number or Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). Sometimes, it is needed to remove some parts of the vehicle to find the Engine number)

· Country of manufacture

· Number of Cylinders and Engine Capacity (CCs or Liters)

· Number of Seats (Determined by the number of seat belts)

· Type of fuel (Petrol (Gasoline) or Diesel)

REQUIRED DOCUMENTS

Before the shipment:

· Three (03) ORIGINAL and two (02) copies of “Master” Bill of Lading. These documents MUST be sent to Post or printed at destination port at least 3 weeks prior to the vehicle’s arrival at destination Port.

· Shipping invoice and packing list.

· Original Bill of sale (for new vehicles); Original Certificate of title and/or Original Vehicle registration or cancellation of registration (for used vehicles).

· Exhausted Emission Certificate of EURO 5 (for an automobile) or EURO 3 (for a motorbike); Certificate of Quality.

· Vehicle’s manual book.

After the shipment is cleared through Customs at post:

· Electronic Customs Declaration (issued by Hai Phong Customs).

Make sure that the vehicle data are fully uploaded on the Customs system.

· Original Import Permit (issued by Hanoi Customs).

· Original certificate of conformity from inspection of technical safety quality and environmental protection for imported motor vehicles (issued by Vietnam Register).

· 5 sets of rubbing Chassis and Engine number.

Consignee on the shipping documents:

American Embassy 7 Lang Ha, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Viet Nam Phone: (84-4) 3850-5000 x6394 Email: HanoiCustomsAndShipping@state.gov

Port of Entry: Hai Phong port Good description: 01 POV, make: …, model: …, year: …., color: …, VIN # …, Diplomatic shipment.

2. Specific requirements for vehicles importation into Vietnam

In case the vehicle has only VIN number, no engine number or chassis number, or a vehicle of which engine and chassis numbers are printed on a tag or stamped by lasers or with painted, faded and rusty numbers due to environmental impacts, the vehicle registration authority shall re-stamp the chassis number according to the VIN number and the engine number according to the number of the license plate. The cost to re-stamp the chassis number is 3,000,000 VND.

AUTOMOBILES

· An automobile cannot be more than five (5) years older than at the time it arrives to Vietnam. The “age” is determined by the manufacturing month & year of your vehicle and the calendar year that the vehicle arrives at Vietnam port.

· A new automobile must be compliant with European 5 emission standards:

· Petrol (Gasoline): CO: 1.0g/km, HC: 0.10g/km, NMHC: 0.068g/km, NOx: 0.06g/km, PM: 0.0045g/km (direct injection only)

· Diesel: CO: 0.50g/km, HC + NOx: 0.23g/km, NOx: 0.18g/km, PM: 0.0045g/km, PN [#/km]: 6.0x10 ^11/km

· A used automobile must be compliant with European 4 emission standards:

· Petrol (Gasoline): CO: 1.0g/km, HC: 0.10g/km, NOx: 0.08g/km

· Diesel: CO: 0.50g/km, HC + NOx: 0.30g/km, NOx: 0.25g/km, PM: 0.025g/km

· Right-hand drive vehicles may not be imported to Vietnam. Vehicles with structural modifications resulting in changes to the original dimensions/specifications (such as wider tires, lift kits, winch attachments, etc.) as well as disassembled vehicles, are forbidden to be imported.

· An automobile must meet all the GVN technical requirements in the attachment below.

MOTORCYCLES, MOTORBIKES, SCOOTERS AND ELECTRIC SCOOTERS

· A motorcycle, motorbike, scooter or electric scooter (hereafter referred as “motorbike”) is considered a POV in Vietnam. Used motorbikes are not allowed for importation into Vietnam. Only brand new (bought from a dealer) motorbikes which have never been registered before are permitted.

· A motorbike must be compliant with European 3 emission standards:

· Petrol (Gasoline): CO: 2.3g/km, HC: 0.20g/km, NOx: 0.15g/km

· Diesel: CO: 0.64g/km, HC + NOx: 0.56g/km, NOx: 0.50g/km, PM: 0.05g/km

· Three wheeled motorbikes may not be imported.

· Any vehicles modified outside of factory specifications may not be imported.

· A motorcycle must meet all the GVN technical requirements in the attachment below.

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Technical_sepcifications_for_automobiles.doc

QCVN 09:2015/BGTVT

NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FOR AUTOMOBILES

Foreword

The QCVN 90:2015/BGTVT is compiled by the Vietnam Register, appraised by Ministry of Science and Technology, and promulgated by the Minister of Transport under Circular No. 87/2015/TT-BGTVT dated December 31, 2015.

The QCVN 09:2015/BGTVT replaces QCVN 09:2011/BGTVT.

NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FOR AUTOMOBILES

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. Scope

This Regulation provides for requirements in technical safety and environmental protection inspection for manufactured, assembled, and imported automobile types defined under the TCVN 6211 “Road vehicles - Type - Terminology and definition” and the TCVN 7271 “Road vehicles - Automobiles - Classification by use purpose” (hereinafter referred to as “vehicles”).

1.2. Regulated entities

This Regulation applies to facilities manufacturing, assembling, organizations and individuals importing vehicles, parts thereof, other agencies, organizations, and individuals relevant to management, inspection, testing, and certification of technical safety and environmental protection of vehicles and parts thereof.

1.3. Definitions

1.3.1. Terminologies pertaining to vehicle dimensions are defined under the TCVN 6528.

1.3.2. Terminologies pertaining to vehicular weight are defined under the TCVN 6529.

1.3.3. Articulated bus: Refers to a vehicle consisting of at least two rigid sections connected by pivoting joints. Passengers are able to move from one section to another. The coupling or decoupling of sections shall only be implemented at factories.

1.3.4. Double-deck vehicle: Refers to a passenger vehicle consisting of two levels which can facilitate passenger occupation.

1.3.5. Seat other than driver’s seat: Refers to a seat for passengers other than the driver’s seat.

1.3.6. Individual seat: Refers to a seat designed and manufactured to facilitate one passenger.

1.3.7. Double seat: Refers to a seat designed and manufactured to facilitate two passengers sitting side by side. Two unconnected adjacent seats considered two individual seats.

1.3.8. Bench seat: Refers to a seat designed and manufactured with frames and cushion to facilitate at least two passengers.

1.3.9. Seat-back: Refers to a vertical part of a seat designed to allow passenger’s back, shoulders, and possibly even head to rest.

1.3.10. Seat-cushion: Refers to a horizontal part of a seat designed to provide support for sitting passenger.

1.3.11. Head restraint: Refers to a part for limiting rearward displacement of the head in relation to the torso to minimize injury to the cervical vertebrae of vehicle passengers in case of accident.

1.3.11.1. Integrated head restraint: Refers to a head restraint formed by the top section of a seat-back. The type of head restraint conforming to definitions under 1.3.11.2 and 1.3.11.3 that can only be removed from the seat or vehicle structures by using tools or by partially or entirely disassembling the seat shall also be considered integrated head restraint.

1.3.11.2. Detachable head restraint: Refers to a head restraint that can be detached from the seat, is designed to be inserted to and/or secured to seat-back.

1.3.11.3. Separate head restraint: Refers to a head restraint that is a separate part of the seat, designed to be inserted to and/or secured to vehicle structure.

1.3.12. Gangway: Refers to a space where passenger can move from any seat or seat row to any other seat or seat row or gangway to enter or exit through any service door. Gangway does not include:

- Legroom of sitting passengers;

- Space above the surface of stair landings or treads;

- Space provided for the sole purpose of accessing a seat or a seat row.

1.3.13. Service door: Refers to door which passengers use in normal conditions when driver has taken the driver’s seat.

1.3.14. Single door: Refers to a door for one person or equivalent to an entrance or exit.

1.3.15. Double door: Refers to a door for two people or equivalent to two entrances or exits.

1.3.16. Emergency door: Refers to a door for use by passengers as an irregular door and only in case of emergency and does not include service door.

1.3.17. Emergency window: Refers to a window for use by passengers only in case of emergency (such window is not required to be fitted with glass).

1.3.18. Emergency exit: Refers to emergency door, emergency window, and emergency shutter.

1.3.19. Single axle: Refers to one axle.

1.3.20. Tandem axle group: Refers to an axle group consisting of two axles where the spacing between two axles does not exceed 2 m.

1.3.21. Tri-axle group: Refers to an axle group consisting of three axles where the spacing between the two outermost axles dos not exceed 3,2 m.

1.3.22. Steering axle: Refers to an axle fitted with wheel control mechanism in order to change the direction of motion of the vehicle and controlled by the driver.

1.3.23. Twin steer axle group: Refers to an axle group consisting of two single-tyre steering axles where spacing between two axles does not exceed 2 m, these axles are connected to the same driving mechanism that controls the steering wheels.

1.3.24. Lift axle: Refers to an axle fitted with mechanism or equipment that allows adjustment of load of the axle or lifting and lowering of wheels by the driver.

1.3.25. Self-steering axle: Refers to an axle capable of adjusting direction of the wheels to the direction of motion of the vehicle by mechanical mechanism or control system.

1.3.26. Symbols regarding vehicle groups are defined under the TCVN 8658.

1.3.27. Terminologies regarding lights and signal lights of vehicles are defined under the TCVN 6978.

2. TECHNICAL PROVISIONS

2.1 General requirements

2.1.1. Basic technical specifications

2.1.1.1. Maximum dimension of vehicles:

a) Length: Maximum vehicle length is specified under Schedule 1.

Schedule 1 - Overall length limit for automobiles

No.

Type of vehicle

Maximum length (m)

Dump truck

Two axles

Gross vehicle mass not exceeding 5 tonne

5,0

Gross vehicle mass of at least 5 tonne and not exceeding 10 tonne

6,0

Gross vehicle mass of at least 10 tonne

7,0

3 axles in total

7,8

4 axles in total

9,3

5 axles in total

10,2

Articulated bus

20,0

Other vehicles

12,2

b) Width: Maximum width is 2,5 m.

c) Height:

- Not higher than 4,2 m for double-deck vehicles;

- Not higher than 4,0 m for other vehicles.

In addition, if gross vehicle mass does not exceed 5 tonne, vehicle height, other than projection of antenna or equipment of similar structure that does not affect stability of special-use automobiles as defined under the TCVN 6211 shall satisfy the requirement below:

Hmax ≤ 1,75 WT

Where:

Hmax: Maximum permissible height of the vehicle (Figure 1);

WT: Spacing between contact points created by two rear wheels and road surface if the rear axle consists of single-tyre wheels (Figure 1a) or Spacing between center contact points created by each rear wheel set and road surface if the rear axle consists of dual-tyre wheels (Figure 1b).

d) Rear overhang (ROH) refers to distance between the vertical plane passing through the centrer of the axle (single axle) or axle group (ROH line) and the rearmost point of the vehicle. ROH of vehicles other than chassis cabs and special-use vehicles defined under the TCVN 7271 shall satisfy requirements below:

- Not exceeding 65% of wheelbase (Lcs) in case of passenger vehicles (wheelbase of articulated bus is calculated for the first section).

- Not exceeding 60% of wheelbase (Lcs) in case of trucks.

Where: Wheelbase (Lcs) is the distance from the ROH line to the center of the center of the frontmost axles; Identification of ROH line shall conform to the following principles:

- If rear axle is single axle, the ROH line shall cross the center of the axle;

- If a vehicle consists of two rear axles or a tandem group axle where both axles have similar tyre number, the ROH line shall cross the middle point of both axles; where one axle consists of twice as many tyres as the other axle, the ROH line shall cross the point located at two-thirds (2/3) of the distance from the center of axle with fewer tyres to the center of axle with more tyres;

- If a vehicle consists of tri-axle groups, the ROH line shall cross the middle of 2 centers of the rear most axles;

- If rear axle groups consist of steering axles, self-steering axles, lift axles in combination with other axles (non-steering axles), only non-steering axles shall be taken into account for the purpose of identifying ROH line.

For the purpose of identifying wheelbase (Lcs), ROH line of specific circumstances can be referred from Schedule 2 and Figure 2 below.

Figure 1 - Maximum permissible height of vehicle with gross mass not exceeding 5,0 tonne

e) Ground clearance: Not lower than 120 mm (except for special-use vehicles). In respect of vehicles where adjustment of ground clearance is possible, ground clearance shall be measured at the highest position.

Figure 2 - Illustrations of methods for identifying wheelbase (Lcs) and rear overhang (ROH)

Schedule 2 - Some cases in identifying ROH

No.

Rules for identifying ROH

Illustration

If a vehicle only consists of one rear axle, the ROH line shall cross the center of the axle

If a vehicle consists of rear tandem axle group that are non-steering axles and each axle consists of equal number of tyres, the ROH line shall cross the middle of the centers of aforesaid axles.

If a vehicle consists of rear tandem axle group that are non-steering axles where one axle consists of twice as many tyres as the other axle does, the ROH line shall cross the point located at two-thirds (2/3) of the distance from the center of the axle with fewer tyres to the center of the axle with more tyres

If a vehicle consists of a rear tri-axle group that are non-steering axles and all axles consist of equal number of tyres, the ROH line shall cross the center of the middle axle.

If a vehicle consists of one steering axle at the rear with one non-steering axle, the ROH line shall cross the center of the non-steering axle.

If a vehicle consists of one or two steering axles at the rear with two non-steering axles, the ROH line shall cross the point located between the centers of non-steering axles.

If a vehicle consists of one or two lift axles at the rear with one or many non-lift axles, the ROH line shall cross the point located between the centers of non-lift axles.

If a vehicle consists of four axles with equal number of tyres

- Without steering axles:

With steering axles:

2.1.1.2. Maximum axle load:

- Single axle: 10 tonne.

- Tandem axle group: dependent on spacing between the centers of axles d:

d < 1,0 m: 11 tonne;

1,0 ≤ d < 1,3 m: 16 tonne;

d ≥ 1,3m: 18 tonne.

- Tri-axle group: dependent on the smallest spacing between the centers of adjacent axles d:

d ≤ 1,3 m: 21 tonne;

d > 1,3 m: 24 tonne.

2.1.1.3. Maximum gross vehicle mass:

Maximum gross vehicle mass of all vehicle types shall conform to Schedule 3 below.

Schedule 3 - Maximum gross vehicle mass

No.

Type of vehicle

Maximum gross vehicle mass (tonne)

Vehicles with 2 axles in total

Vehicles with 3 axles in total

Vehicles with 4 axles in total

Vehicles with 5 axles in total or more

4.1

Vehicles where distance from the center of the first axle to the center of the last axle ≤ 7m

4.2

Vehicles where distance from the center of the first axle to the center of the last axle > 7m

2.1.2. Other requirements

2.1.2.1. Vehicles and parts thereon shall be appropriate for right-hand traffic as per the law.

2.1.2.2. Load distributed on steering axle(s) shall satisfy requirements below when vehicles are laden and not laden (in case of articulated bus, the percentage requirement applies to the first section):

- Not lower than 25% in case of passenger vehicles (other than urban passenger automobiles).

- Not lower than 20% in case of other vehicle types.

2.1.2.3. Angle of the static lateral stability of an unladen vehicle shall not be lower than:

- 28° for double-deck vehicles;

- 30° for vehicles whose gross mass does not exceed 1,2 times the kerb mass;

- 35° for other types of vehicles.

2.1.2.4. Systems and assemblies of vehicles shall ensure technical functions when the vehicles operate on the road during normal operating conditions.

2.1.2.5. Vehicles transporting people, cargo (for trucks) with liquid fuel tank shall satisfy requirements under the QCVN 52:2013/BGTVT or the UNECE No. 34 of equivalent edition or higher.

2.1.2.6. In respect of passenger vehicles whose maximum gross mass exceeds 5 tonne and minimum passenger capacity is 22 people, interior materials shall satisfy requirements under the QCVN 53:2013/BGTVT or the UNECE No. 118 of equivalent edition or higher.

2.1.2.7. Calculated weight of a person shall conform to regulations of manufacturers and shall not be lower than 65 kg/person (including 3 kg of carry-on).

2.1.2.8. Passenger capacity (including driver and attendant) (N) of passenger vehicles in all situations shall satisfy requirements below:

N ≤ (Gtbmax - G0 - L* V )/ Gn

Where:

Gtbmax = Maximum gross vehicle mass (the maximum vehicle weight stipulated by competent authority) (kg);

G0 = Unladen vehicle mass (kg);

L = Mass of cargo identified by volume of cargo space (kg/m3) (L = 100 kg/m³);

V = Total volume (m3) of cargo space (if any);

Gn = Calculated mass of a person.

2.1.2.9. Chassis number (vehicle identification number - VIN): Vehicles shall bear chassis number whose contents and structure are similar to that of VIN, other than vehicles manufactured or assembled from vehicles already having chassis number (or the VIN). Chassis number shall satisfy requirements below:

- Position and format of chassis number shall conform to requirements under the TCVN 6580.

- Content and structure of chassis number shall satisfy requirements applicable to VIN under the TCVN 6578. The tenth (10th) digit of chassis number shall indicate manufacturing year of vehicles (the calendar year which vehicles are manufactured, assembled).

2.2. Engine and transmission system

2.2.1. Engine capacity corresponding to each tonne of maximum gross vehicle mass shall not be lower than 7,35 kW. This requirement does not apply to chassis cabs, special-use automobiles, electric vehicles, and vehicles whose maximum gross vehicle mass is at least 30 tonne.

2.2.2. During laden test on dry and even road, vehicles (other than special-use trucks and special-use automobiles) shall satisfy requirements below:

2.2.2.1. Acceleration duration from the start to the moment where the vehicles have travelled 200 m shall satisfy requirements below:

t ≤ 20 + 0,4G

Where:

t - Acceleration duration from the start to the moment where the vehicles have travelled 200 m (in seconds);

G - Maximum gross vehicle mass (in tonne).

2.2.2.2. Maximum speed is not lower than 60 km/h.

2.2.3. While laden and moving on dry road, in the forward direction of motion, vehicles shall be capable of moving forward on a 20% slope (or 12% slope in case of articulated bus). During slope test, engine and transmission system shall operate normally.

2.3. Wheel

2.3.1. Having rigid structure and installed properly.

2.3.2. Tyres on the same axle in normal operating conditions shall be of the same types. Tyres shall be of adequate quantity, pressure, technical specifications (size, speed or velocity grade, load or load capacity of tyres) conformity to technical and design dossiers of the vehicles.

Tyres used for each vehicle type shall satisfy requirements under the QCVN 34:2011/BGTVT or the UNECE No. 30 or the UNECE No. 54 of equivalent edition or higher.

2.3.3. Vehicles shall be fitted with wheel guards where wheels or axle groups are located. Wheel guards can be parts of a vehicle body, mudguards, or other similar parts and shall satisfy requirements below:

- Width of wheel guard shall be sufficient to cover the wheels.

- In respect of M1 passenger vehicles, distance from the lowest point of wheel guards of the rearmost axles to the horizontal plane crossing the center of the rear axles shall not exceed 150 mm; in respect of other vehicle types, ground clearance of wheel guards of the rearmost axles, including mudguards (if installed) shall be lower than 230 mm.

2.3.4. In respect of vehicles with spare tyres, lifting and lowering mechanism (if any) shall not be located on the port side of the vehicles.

2.3.5. Light alloy wheels fitted to cars, trucks with maximum gross vehicle mass of 3,5 tonne shall satisfy requirements under the QCVN 78:2014/BGTVT or the UNECE No. 124 of equivalent edition or higher.

2.4. Steering system

2.4.1. Capable of accurately changing direction of the vehicles, smoothly and safely controlling the vehicles at all velocity and load within the permissible technical capability of the vehicles.

2.4.2. Turning wheels shall maintain a forward direction of motion of the vehicle when the vehicle is moving on a straight line or return to a forward direction of motion when the steering wheels are left free.

2.4.3. During operation, all moving parts of driving system shall not make contact with other vehicle parts such as frame and body.

2.4.4. Steering wheels shall not become entangled with clothing and equipment of the driver when turning.

2.4.5. The difference in force necessary for turning the steering wheel to the left and to the right shall be insignificant.

2.4.6. Deadzone of steering wheel:

- For cars and passenger vehicles of up to 12 seats, including driver’s seats, trucks of maximum load capacity of 1500 kg: no more than 10o.

- For other vehicle types: no more than 15o.

2.4.7. Lateral slip of turning wheels shall not exceed 5 mm/m.

2.4.8. Minimum turning radius determined by the outer front wheel of the vehicle shall not exceed 12 m.

2.5. Brake system

2.5.1. Vehicles shall be equipped with primary brake system and parking brake system.

2.5.2. Primary brake system and parking brake system shall operate independently of one another. Primary brake system shall be at least dual-circuit. Primary brake system shall be equipped to all wheels.

2.5.3. Brake fluid or compressed gas in brake system shall not leak. Oil or gas pipes shall be firmly secured and not fractured.

2.5.4. Mechanical transmission of primary brake and parking brake shall operate flexibly, smoothly, and securely. Free travel shall conform to manufacturer’s regulations.

2.5.5. Primary brake system shall be structured and installed in a way that the driver can operate the brake while sitting on the driver’s seat and without removing his/her hand off the steering wheels.

2.6.5. When engaged, parking brake system shall be able to maintain its activation without force continuously applied by the driver.

2.5.7. Primary brake system that utilizes compressed gas transmission shall satisfy requirements below:

- All valves shall operate normally;

- After 8 activations of full travel of primary brake system, pressure drop in compressed gas container shall not exceed 392 kPa. Testing shall fulfill requirements below:

- Initial energy level (compressed gas pressure) in compressed gas container shall be regulated by manufactures. Initial energy level shall be sufficient to achieve brake effectiveness stipulated for primary brake system;

- Compressed gas container shall not be refilled during tests. In addition, compressed gas containers serving primary brakes shall be isolated from compressed gas containers serving auxiliary equipment.

2.5.8. Primary brake effectiveness

2.5.8.1. Primary brake effectiveness when tested on test bench:

- Test mode: unladen vehicle (with one driver);

- Total braking force shall not be lower than 50% of unladen mass;

- Difference in braking force of one axle (between left wheel and right wheel):

KSL = (PFlớn - PFnhỏ).100%/PFlớn

KSL shall not be greater than 25%.

Where:

KSL: difference in braking force on one axle;

PFlớn: the larger braking force;

PFnhỏ: the lower braking force.

2.5.8.2. Primary brake effectiveness when tested on road:

a) Unladed test (with one driver):

- Conduct test on flat and dry asphalt or concrete road where coefficient of kinetic friction φ is not lower than 0,6;

- Brake effectiveness (which is evaluated by either braking distance Sp or maximum braking deceleration JPmax) in unladen test is specified under Schedule 4;

- During brake, the vehicle shall not deviate outside of braking corridor specified under Schedule 4.

Schedule 4 - Primary brake effectiveness in unladen test

Type of vehicle

Speed at the start of braking (km/h)

Braking distance (m)

Maximum deceleration (m/s2)

Braking corridor (m)

Car

≤ 19

≥ 6,2

2,5

Truck, passenger vehicle with maximum gross vehicle mass of 3,5 tonne

≤ 21

≥ 5,8

2,5

Other vehicle types

≤ 9

≥ 5,4

3,0

b) Laden test:

- Conduct test on flat and dry asphalt or concrete road where coefficient of kinetic friction φ is not lower than 0,6;

- Brake effectiveness (which is evaluated by either braking distance SP or maximum braking deceleration JPmax) in laden test is specified under Schedule 5;

- During brake, the vehicle shall not deviate outside of braking corridor specified under Schedule 5.

Schedule 5 - Primary brake effectiveness in laden test

Type of vehicle

Speed at the start of braking (km/h)

Braking distance (m)

Maximum deceleration (m/s2)

Braking corridor (m)

Car

≤ 20

≥ 5,9

2,5

Truck, passenger vehicle with maximum gross vehicle mass of 3,5 tonne

≤ 22

≥ 5,4

2,5

Other vehicle types (1)

≤ 10

≥ 5,0

3,0

Note: (1) Brake effectiveness requirement is not required when conducting laden test on tractor units

2.5.9. Parking brake effectiveness:

- Test mode: unladen vehicle (with one driver);

- Parking brake effectiveness shall be assessed by any of the two criteria below:

+ Total parking braking force is not lower than 16% of unladen mass when tested on test bench; or

+ The vehicle is capable of parking on a 20% slope (in both uphill and downhill direction), even and dry asphalt or concrete surface with coefficient of kinetic friction φ not lower than 0,6.

2.5.10. Passenger vehicles fitted with beds shall be equipped with anti-lock braking system (ABS).

2.6. Suspension system

2.6.1. Be able to sustain load placed upon them, provide the necessary comfort when operating on roads.

2.6.2. Components of suspension system must be installed firmly and maintain vehicle balance. Compressed gas (in case of compressed gas suspension system), hydraulic fluid (in case of hydraulic suspension system).

2.6.3. Vibration frequency of suspended sections of the vehicle when it is laden (determined using method under Appendix 1 hereof) must not be greater than 2,5 Hz.

2.7. Fuel system

2.7.1. Requirements of gasoline or diesel fuel system

2.7.1.1. Filter and air components of fuel tanks shall:

- Not leak fuel; and

- Be installed at least 300 mm away from outlets of tailpipes and at least 200 mm away from electrical switches and open sockets; and

- Not be installed in passenger cabin and cargo space.

2.7.1.2. Materials of fuel pipes shall be able to withstand the type of fuel used by the vehicle.

2.7.1.3. Pipes (other than soft pipes) shall be held in place by clips where the distance between any adjacent clips does not exceed 1000 mm.

2.7.2. Requirements of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fuel system

2.7.2.1. General requirements:

- All parts shall be accurately placed and firmly clipped;

- LPG leak is prevented;

- All parts of LPG system do not protrude from the exterior of the vehicle other than gas inlet which may protrude up to 10 mm;

- All parts of LPG system shall be at least 100 mm away from outlets or similar heat sources unless these parts are adequately insulated.

2.7.2.2. Requirements of LPG tanks shall conform to Appendix 2 section 1 hereof.

2.7.3. Requirements of compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system

2.7.3.1. General requirements:

- All parts shall be accurately placed and firmly clipped;

- CNG leak is prevented;

- All parts of CNG system do not protrude from the exterior of the vehicle other than gas inlet which may protrude up to 10 mm;

- All parts of CNG system shall be at least 100 mm away from outlets or similar heat sources unless these parts are adequately insulated;

- All parts of CNG system installed in cargo space shall be tightly enclosed by airtight cover;

- Outlets of the airtight cover shall lead to outside environment and not aim at fender or other heat sources such as tailpipe.

2.7.3.2. Requirements of CNG tanks shall conform to Appendix 2 section 2 hereof.

2.8.3 Electrical system

2.8.1. Electrical wire shall be insulated. Electrical wire shall be able to withstand temperature and humidity especially if it is located in engine compartment. Electrical wire shall be protected and firmly clipped in place to prevent cutting, abrasion, friction damage.

2.8.2. All sockets, jacks, and electric switches shall be insulated.

2.8.3. Battery shall be firmly secured. Battery compartment shall not be connected to passenger cabin, driver cabin, and shall receive natural ventilation.

2.9. Chassis and body

2.9.1. Chassis and body shall be firmly secured.

2.9.2. Cargo racks shall not be positioned on top of passenger vehicle of all kinds. Carry-on compartments in passenger cabin (if any) shall be firmly secured, able to prevent luggage from falling out and have minimum load-bearing capability of 50 kG/m2.

2.9.3. Trucks, special-use vehicles, trailer tractor units, and tractor units whose gross vehicle mass is at least 8 tonne shall be fitted with side fences that meet requirements below:

- Distance from the foremost point of fences to the front wheels (or special-use mechanism such as outrigger of vehicles fitted with cranes, control mechanisms of cement trucks, etc.) and the distance from the rearmost point of the fences to the rear wheels shall not exceed 400 mm;

- Distance from the lowest point of the fences to the road shall not exceed 500 mm;

- Distance from the highest point of the fences to the road shall not be lower than 700 mm. If the distance between vehicle body and the road is lower than 700 mm, fences are not required.

2.9.4. Vehicle body shall not contain jagged edges or protrusions that can cause harm to other road users. This requirement may not apply to specific types of special-use automobiles.

2.10. Connecting, hauling equipment

Connecting and hauling equipment shall be firmly secured. Ratchets and pawls must not disengage by themselves. Chains or wires (if any) shall be of sufficient strength.

2.11. Driver cabin

2.11.1. Control mechanism, indicators and signals

2.11.1.1. All mechanisms, equipment, and switches mentioned below (if any) shall be installed within the space limited by two planes parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle and 500 mm to the sides of the drive shafts and in a manner that enables the driver to acknowledge and control them with ease from the driver's seat:

- All mechanisms and equipment for controlling the engine, transmission system such as switches for starting, turning off the engine; controlling ignition time; fuel injection time; gas pedal; clutch; gearbox;

- All mechanisms controlling brake system;

- All mechanisms controlling lights, horn, blinkers, water nozzles, wipers, windshield defrosters.

2.11.1.2. All mechanisms controlling the engines and transmission system (other than switches for starting the engine, gas pedal, equipment controlling transmission system), control mechanisms relevant to light system such as light, horn, water nozzle, wiper, and windshield defroster systems shall be symbol-coded and located close to control mechanisms in order to allow the driver to distinguish relevant control mechanisms. Control mechanisms of blinkers shall be distinguishable by symbols so that the driver can easily acknowledge the direction indicated by the blinkers.

2.11.1.3. Speedometer, light indicating, signaling operating conditions of blinkers, headlights, fuel system, engine coolant, engine oil, brake system, battery recharge, or other indicator and signaling lights of other systems shall be positioned in a way that the driver can observe and recognize at ease during daytime and even in the lack of lighting.

2.11.2. Spring mechanisms of gas pedal, brake pedal, clutch pedal (if any) shall be able to return these pedals to starting position if the driver stops applying force.

2.11.3. Symbols indicating position of gearstick shall be required.

2.11.4. Vehicles fitted with automatic transmission shall prevent engine activation when the gearstick is in drive gear or reverse gear. If gearstick is installed on drive shaft, rotation direction of the gearstick from neutral gear to drive gears shall be in clockwise direction.

2.11.5. Seating arrangement in the cabin shall satisfy requirements below:

- Driver’s seat shall satisfy requirements under 2.12;

- Width and depth of seat-cushion of seats other than driver’s seat shall satisfy requirements under 2.14.2;

- If the cabin consists of two seat rows, the spacing between the first row and the second row (L) shall not be lower than 630 mm (Figure 5);

- Seating arrangement in the cabin shall not affect driving capability of the driver and reserve enough space to allow other people to rest their feet on the floor.

- In all cases, the maximum number of people sitting in a cabin is 6 people.

2.12. Driver’s seat

2.12.1. Driver’s seat shall be positioned in a way that guarantee visibility of the driver when operating the vehicle.

2.12.2. Driver’s seat shall be of sufficient space to allow the driver to operate controlling equipment with ease. Misalignment between the center of driver’s seat and that of driver shall not affect driving capability of the driver and shall not exceed 40 mm. Dimensions and width of seat cushion shall not be lower than 400 mm.

2.12.3. Driver’s seat in passenger vehicles shall be adjustable along the length of the vehicles; seat back inclination angle shall be adjustable.

2.13. Passenger’s compartment

2.13.1. Passenger’s compartment must be designed to ensure safety for passengers during vehicle operation.

2.13.2. In respect of passenger’s compartments that do not receive air-conditioning, natural ventilation shall satisfy requirements below:

- If the vehicle is moving at a velocity of 30 km/h, the air flow at the same level as head of a sitting passenger shall have minimum velocity of 3 m/s;

- All openings shall be able to adjust the air flow.

2.13.3. Gangway

2.13.3.1. Gangway of passenger vehicles with more than 16 seats shall have minimum clear width of 300 mm and minimum clear height of 1700 mm. The space along gangway must be designed to facilitate movement of a gauge consisting of 2 concentric cylinders connected by an inverse truncated cone. Dimension of the cylinder conforms to Figure 3. In respect of vehicles where folding seats are allowed along the gangway, the measurement shall be made while the seats are in folded configuration.

2.13.3.2. Steps are allowed on gangway as long as their width is equal to that of the gangway and satisfies requirements under Schedule 7 and Figure 6.

Figure 3 - Gangway

2.13.4. Standing places are not allowed on passenger vehicles other than urban passenger vehicles.

2.13.5. Specific requirements of passenger vehicles with beds

2.13.5.1. Beds shall be firmly secured and positioned in the direction of motion of the vehicle; each bed shall only facilitate one passenger and be fitted with safety belts satisfactory to 2.16.

2.13.5.2. Beds shall be of sufficient space to allow occupants to enter and exit with ease; dimensions of bed cushion and other dimensions shall satisfy regulations depicted under Figure 4.

Where:

- Distance D1 between 2 beds shall not be lower than 1650 mm;

- Bed cushion width R1 shall not be lower than 480 mm;

- Gangway width R2 shall not be lower than 400 mm. The space along gangway must be designed to facilitate movement of a gauge consisting of a cylinder of Ф400 mm where the height of the cylinder is described under Figure 3.

- C1 shall not be lower than 750 mm;

- C2 shall not be lower than 780 mm.

Figure 4 - Bed arrangement on bus

2.13.5.3. Parts of bed frame that can make contact with or injure passengers shall be rounded or curved accordingly; shall not contain sharp or pointy edges that potentially harm users.

2.13.5.4. Thickness of bed cushion shall not be lower than 75 mm.

2.13.5.5. Gangway shall be required between each row of bed, beds located in passenger compartment shall not consist of more than two tiers.

2.13.5.6. Seats shall not be allowed on sleeper buses other than driver’s seat and attendant’s seat (if any).

2.13.5.7. Ladders shall be required as access to upper tier bed. Ladders shall be sufficiently rigid and secured to the vehicle accordingly in order to maintain safety during use. The first rung shall be 250 mm to 350 mm away from the floor and subsequent rungs shall be at most 250 mm away from the previous rung. At least one handle shall be required at appropriate height to allow users to ascend to the upper bed with ease. Handles shall rounded or curved and not contain jagged edges.

2.13.5.8. Beds shall be fitted with parts and structures that prevent passengers from falling out of the bed while vehicle is operating (commonly referred to as “guardrails”). The guardrails shall be rigid and at least 200 mm tall from the highest point of the beds (depending on where the measurement is made). Guardrails shall be rounded accordingly, shall not contain jagged or pointy edges which can harm passengers.

2.14. Seat other than driver’s seat

2.14.1. Seats must be firmly installed in order to ensure safety for seated passengers in normal operation.

2.14.2. Seat dimensions

2.14.2.1. Minimum width of seat-cushion shall be 400 mm for one person. In respect of adjacent seats on the same row of M1 passenger vehicles, width of seat-cushion for individual seats in a row can be lower than 400 mm and shall not be lower than 380 mm in all cases. However, the width of space occupied by passengers when measured at 270 mm to 650 mm above the seat-cushion shall not be lower than 400 mm for one passenger.

2.14.2.2. Minimum depth of seat-cushion shall be 350 mm for one passenger.

2.14.2.3. Minimum thickness of seat-cushion and seat-back shall be 50 mm (not applicable to seats other than driver’s seat in urban passenger vehicles with standing positions).

2.14.2.4. In respect of passenger vehicles, minimum gap between two rows of seats (L) shall be 630 mm; minimum gap between two facing seats (L0) shall be 1250 mm (Figure 5).

Figure 5 - Seating arrangement

2.14.2.5. In respect of passenger vehicles, minimum vertical clearance in seat space and seat access from the highest point of seat-cushion shall be 900 mm or 1350 mm from the floor where the passengers rest their feet; the vertical clearance can be reduced to a minimum of 1250 mm at fenders at the furthermost row of seats.

2.14.3. In respect of vehicles transporting children, minimum width and depth shall be 270 mm for one person. Minimum gap between two rows of seats (L) shall be 460 mm.

2.14.4. The height from the floor where passengers rest their feet to the surface of seat-cushion (H) shall range from 380 mm to 500 mm. This height can be reduced to a minimum of 350 mm at spaces above the fenders and engine compartment cover.

2.14.5. Foldable seats shall be allowed along gangway of passenger vehicles with up to 30 seats, other than vehicles transporting children. Foldable seats shall only be allowed for attendants on passenger vehicles with more than 30 seats. Width, depth of seat-cushion, and height of seat-back of foldable seats shall not be lower than 75% of dimensions under 2.14.2.

2.15. Head restraint

Driver’s seat of cars and passenger vehicles of up to 16 seats shall be fitted with head restraints.

2.16. Safety belt

2.16.1. Driver’s seat of all vehicles shall be fitted with at least three-point safety belts.

2.16.2. The outermost seat other than driver’s seat on the first seat row and on the same seat row as the driver’s seat (other than urban passenger automobiles) shall be fitted with at least three-point safety belts. Seats located between driver’s seat and the outermost seat of the same row shall be fitted with at least two-point safety belts.

2.16.3. Seat other than driver’s seat on the first row and on the same row as the driver’s seat (other than urban passenger automobiles) and beds shall be fitted with at least two-point safety belts.

2.16.3. Safety belts shall be installed depending on whether the passengers sit or lie, functional, highly reliable, and capable of minimizing risk of injury to users in case of accident. Safety belts shall not contain features that harm users.

2.16.5. All parts of safety belts shall satisfy requirements below:

- All hard parts of safety belts such as locks and adjustable equipment shall not contain sharp edges that corrode or damage the belt due to friction;

- Locks shall be designed in a way that improper use such as closing the safety belt half-way is not possible. Belt unbuckling shall done in a quick manner;

- Seat belt adjuster shall automatically adjust the belt to firmly wrap around users or, in the case of manual adjuster, allow users to adjust with ease after they have sat down;

- Belts shall not be twisted even when fully stretched and shall be capable of absorbing and dissipating energy. Minimum belt width shall be 46 mm;

- Belt anchorage shall be firmly secured and appropriate to the type and location of belt involved.

2.16.6. Safety belt instructions shall be required in vehicle instruction manuals.

2.17. Door

2.17.1. Clear dimension of service doors of passenger vehicles (not including vehicles transporting children) shall satisfy requirements under Schedule 6.

Schedule 6 - Minimum clear dimensions of doors

Type of vehicle

Minimum clear dimension of door (mm)

Width(1)

Height

Passenger vehicles of 10 to 16 seats (including the driver’s seat)

Passenger vehicles of more than 16 seats (including the driver’s seat)

Note: (1) This dimension can be lowered by 100 mm if the measurement is made at the handle.

2.17.2. At least one door shall be required in passenger compartments on the starboard of passenger vehicles (other than urban passenger vehicles such as the BRT - Bus Rapid Transit or similar means of transport). Service doors shall be firmly shut when vehicles are operating.

2.17.3. Height of steps leading to service doors:

- Permissible height and depth of steps leading to service doors, stairs and steps inside of the vehicles (not applicable to urban passenger vehicles such as the BRT or similar means of transport) shall satisfy requirements under Schedule 7 and Figure 6 below.

- Surface of the steps must be rough or covered with materials that have a lot of friction.

- Width and surface of steps must be large enough so that when a rectangular gauge of 400 mm x 300 mm is placed on the first surface and a rectangular gauge of 400 mm x 200 mm is placed on other steps, part of the gauge that protrudes from the steps must not exceed 5% of the gauge volume. In regard to double doors, each half of access steps must satisfy this requirement.

Figure 6 - Riser height and tread depth

Schedule 7 - Permissible riser height and tread depth

Unit: mm

The first step (from near side)

Maximum height (D)

500(1)

Minimum tread depth

300(2)

Other steps

Riser height (E)

Maximum

350(3)

Minimum

Minimum clear depth

Note:

(1) 700 mm for emergency doors;

(2) 230 mm for vehicles transporting up to 22 people;

(3) Riser height along gangway shall not exceed 250 mm; or 250 mm in respect of vehicles transporting up to 22 people; or 300 mm in respect of steps of doors located after the last stairs;

- Riser height from near side shall be determined when the vehicle is unladen; If the vehicle height is adjustable, such measurement shall be made when the vehicle is at its lowest position;

- Riser height (E) between steps are not required to be uniform.

- Slope of steps in any direction shall not exceed 5%;

- In case of double doors, steps of each half of access passages must be considered separate steps.

2.18. Emergency door

Passenger vehicles shall be fitted with emergency doors that satisfy requirements below:

2.18.1. Dimension requirements:

- Emergency doors that can be opened shall have minimum dimensions of: 550 mm wide x 1200 mm tall; Steps leading to emergency doors shall satisfy requirements under Schedule 7 and Figure 6.

- Windows shall be allowed as emergency doors if they are not smaller than 0,4 m2 and can fit a rectangular gauge that is 500 mm tall x 700 mm wide;

- Rear windows shall be allowed as emergency doors if they can fit a rectangular gauge that is 350 mm tall and 1550 mm wide where corners of the rectangle can be rounded while maintaining a radius of 250 mm.

2.18.2. Minimum number of emergency doors is specified under Schedule 8.

2.18.3. Phrases that read “CỬA THOÁT HIỂM” and/or “EMERGENCY EXIT” shall be required at doors used as emergency doors. Glass breakers shall be required in the vicinity of emergency doors that are made of glass.

Schedule 8 - Minimum number of emergency doors

Number of passengers(1)

17 ÷ 30

31 ÷ 45

46 ÷ 60

61 ÷ 75

76 ÷ 90

> 90

Minimum number of emergency doors (2)

Note:

(1) In regard to double deck buses/articulated buses, number of passenger means the number of passengers, drivers, and attendants on each deck/section.

(2) Service doors shall not be counted as emergency doors

2.18.4. Access to emergency doors and emergency windows

2.18.4.1. Access to emergency doors: Empty space between gangway and emergency doors shall fit a 1400 mm tall shape consisting of one cylinder of 550 mm in diameter on top of a second cylinder of 300 mm in diameter and 700 mm tall. The base of the lower cylinder shall be contained within the projection of the upper cylinder. If foldable seats are located along such access, empty space reserved for the aforesaid shape shall be determined when the seats are folded (see Figure 7).

Figure 7 - Access to emergency door

2.18.4.2. Access to emergency windows: The access shall ensure movement of inspection gauge from gangway to the outside via each emergency window. The inspection gauge shall simulate movement of passengers during evacuation and shall remain perpendicular to the direction of motion. The inspection gauge shall be a thin board of 600 mm x 400 mm in dimensions where corners are rounded with a radius of 200 mm. In respect of emergency windows at the rear of the vehicle, dimension of the gauge shall be 1400 mm x 350 mm and radius of the rounded corner shall be 175 mm.

2.19. Cargo, luggage compartment

2.19.1. Cargo compartments of vehicles shall be rigid, capable of ensuring safety for cargo, and not be fitted with parts that increase cargo compartment volume except for parts that fasten the top cover of cargo compartments.

2.19.2. Garbage compartment of garbage trucks shall be fitted with top cover.

2.19.3. Cargo compartment of vehicles transporting dangerous goods shall be entirely isolated from the cabin.

2.19.4. Vans shall satisfy requirements under the TCVN 7271. In respect of vans with at least 2 rows of seats, ratio of cargo compartment to passenger compartment determined in accordance with the TCVN 7271 shall not be lower than 1,8 tonne. Dimension of passenger compartment shall be determined when the front seat row is located at medium level with seat-back at 25o angle (if the seat-back is at an angle below 25o, the measurement shall be made at a position where seat angle is at the highest).

2.19.5. Overall width of cargo compartment of trucks shall not exceed 10% of overall width of the cabin.

2.19.6. Luggage compartment (other than carry-on) of passenger vehicles (if any) shall be located along the sides and/or rear of the vehicle under the floor together with doors that are dust proof, waterproof, easy to operate, and able to maintain integrity while the vehicle is operating. Luggage compartments shall be further divided into sub-compartments whose maximum dimension lengthwise and widthways of each compartment shall not exceed 1500 mm and 1225 mm respectively; If luggage compartments are located at the rear of the vehicle, dimensions of luggage compartments shall not exceed 1500 mm in any case. Partitions of each luggage compartment shall be of sufficient strength to prevent displacement of luggage while the vehicle is operating. Luggage compartment shall be able to withstand a load equivalent to or greater than volumetric weight where density of luggage compartment equals 100 kg/m3.

2.19.7. Requirements of installation of fifth-wheel coupling in semi-trailer trucks:

2.19.7.1. In respect of tractor units designed to tow semi-trailers, height of the top plate of fifth-wheel coupling (h) shall not exceed 1400 mm when the fifth-wheel coupling is not connected to semi-trailers and shall not exceed 1150 mm to 1300 mm when the fifth-wheel coupling is laden. If a tractor unit is designed to tow container semi-trailers where height exceeds 2900 mm, height of the top plate of fifth-wheel coupling (h) shall not exceed 1150 mm when the fifth-wheel coupling is not connected to semi-trailers and shall not exceed 1025 mm to 1100 mm when the fifth-wheel coupling is laden (see figure 8);

2.19.7.2. Radius of turning clearance between the fifth-wheel coupling and the cabin (d) shall not be lower than 2040 mm (see Figure 8);

2.19.7.3. The distance I4 is a horizontal distance between a cylinder of radius d with the same center as the lock jaw of the fifth-wheel coupling and a cone shape of with same center. The cone is created by a vertical line inclining to the front of tractor units at a 6o angle. This straight line shall be determined so that the cone surface does not come into contact with any part of tractor units located above the horizontal plane crossing the fifth-wheel coupling.