PL83220035_MIL-STD-188-165B_DRAFT-final.pdf

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 15

INTERFACE STANDARD 16

INTEROPERABILITY OF 19

SUPER HIGH FREQUENCY (SHF) SATELLITE 20

COMMUNICATIONS 21

PHASE-SHIFT KEYING (PSK) MODEMS 22

AMSC N/A AREA TCSS 32

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. 34

NOTE: This draft, dated 28 March 2017, prepared by DISA DC1, has not been approved and is subject to modification. DO NOT USE PRIOR TO

APPROVAL. (Project TCSS-2016-002)

MIL-STD-188-165B

DRAFT

SUPERSEDING

MIL-STD-188-165A

w/ CHANGE 1

1 November 2005

NOT MEASUREMENT

SENSITIVE

DRAFT [28 MARCH 2017]

ii

FOREWORD 35

1. This standard is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department 37 of Defense (DoD) within the distribution limitations noted at the bottom of the cover. 38

2. In accordance with DoD Instruction 4630.8, it is DoD policy that all joint and 40 combined operations be supported by compatible; interoperable; and integrated command, 41 control, communications, and intelligence (C3I) systems. All C3I systems developed for use by 42

U.S. forces are considered to be for joint use. The Director, Defense Information Systems 43

Agency (DISA), serves as the DoD single point of contact for developing information 44 technology standards to achieve interoperability and compatibility. All C3I systems and 45 equipment shall conform to technical and procedural standards for compatibility and 46 interoperability. 47

3. Military standards (MIL-STDs) in the 188 series (MIL-STD-188-XXX) address 49 telecommunications design parameters and are to be used in all new DoD systems and equipment 50 procurements, or major upgrades thereto. The MIL-STD-188 series is subdivided into a MIL-51

STD-188-100 series, covering common standards for tactical and long-haul communications; a 52

MIL-STD-188-200 series, covering standards for tactical communications only; and a MIL-53

STD-188-300 series, covering standards for long-haul communications only. Emphasis is being 54 placed on the development of common standards for tactical and long-haul communications (the 55

MIL-STD-188-100 series). The MIL-STD-188 series may be based on, or make reference to, 56

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards, International Telecommunications 57

Union – Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) recommendations, International 58

Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 59 standardization agreements (STANAGs), and other standards, wherever applicable. 60

4. This MIL-STD is part of a profile of standards for super high frequency (SHF) 62 satellite communications (SATCOM) (6.4). 63

5. Comments, suggestions, and questions on this document should be addressed to 65

DISA, 6910 Cooper Ave., ATTN: IE53, Fort Meade, MD 20755-5496, or emailed to 66 henry.h.tran.civ@mail.mil. Because contact information can change, verify the currency of this 67 address information by using the ASSIST Online database at https://assist.dla.mil. 68 mailto:henry.h.tran.civ@mail.mil https://assist.dla.mil/ iii

CONTENTS 70

PARAGRAPH PAGE 72

FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................ ii 74

1. SCOPE ...................................................................................................................................... 6 75

Scope ....................................................................................................................................... 6 76

Applicability ........................................................................................................................... 6 77

Certification authority ............................................................................................................. 6 78

Additional requirements.......................................................................................................... 6 79

Requests to deviate from the standard .................................................................................... 2 80

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ................................................................................................ 2 81

General .................................................................................................................................... 2 82

Government documents .......................................................................................................... 2 83

2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks ............................................................................ 2 84

Non-Government publications ................................................................................................ 3 85

2.3.1 Order of precedence ............................................................................................................. 5 86

3. DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................................................... 5 87

Definitions of terms ................................................................................................................ 5 88

Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... 5 89

Back to back ............................................................................................................................ 7 90

Binary phase-shift keying ....................................................................................................... 7 91

Bit error ratio........................................................................................................................... 7 92 dBc .......................................................................................................................................... 8 93

Eb/N0 ........................................................................................................................................ 8 94

Eight-phase-shift keying ......................................................................................................... 8 95

Es/N0 ........................................................................................................................................ 8 96

Frequency uncertainty ........................................................................................................... 8 97

Modulation symbol rate ........................................................................................................ 8 98

Offset quadrature phase-shift keying .................................................................................... 8 99

Punctured code ...................................................................................................................... 8 100

Reference Eb/N0 .................................................................................................................... 8 101

Symbol rate ........................................................................................................................... 8 102

4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................ 8 103

Modem description ................................................................................................................. 8 104

4.1.1 Transmission function .......................................................................................................... 9 105

4.1.2 Reception function ............................................................................................................... 9 106

4.1.3 Control and monitoring functions ...................................................................................... 10 107

Operational conditions .......................................................................................................... 10 108

Environmental perturbation .................................................................................................. 10 109

5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................. 11 110

Frequency reference .............................................................................................................. 11 111

Baseband interfaces .............................................................................................................. 11 112

5.2.1 Data rates ........................................................................................................................... 11 113

5.2.2 Ethernet data interfaces ...................................................................................................... 11 114

5.2.2.1 Ethernet flow control ...................................................................................................... 11 115 iv

5.2.3 Serial data interfaces .......................................................................................................... 11 116

5.2.3.1 High Speed Serial Interface ............................................................................................ 11 117

5.2.3.2 Balanced serial ................................................................................................................ 11 118

5.2.3.3 Unbalanced serial ............................................................................................................ 11 119

Modem emulations................................................................................................................ 11 120

5.3.1 Continuous wave ................................................................................................................ 12 121

5.3.2 OM-73 ................................................................................................................................ 12 122

5.3.3 Legacy MIL-STD-188-165 ................................................................................................ 13 123

5.3.4 IESS-308 ............................................................................................................................ 14 124

5.3.5 IESS-309 ............................................................................................................................ 14 125

5.3.6 IESS-310 ............................................................................................................................ 14 126

5.3.7 IESS-315 ............................................................................................................................ 14 127

5.3.8 NATO STANAG 4486 Annex E ....................................................................................... 14 128

5.3.9 ETSI EN 302 307-1 ........................................................................................................... 15 129

5.3.10 New modem emulations .................................................................................................. 15 130

IF output interface ................................................................................................................. 15 131

5.4.1 IF output frequency bands ................................................................................................. 15 132

5.4.2 Output impedance .............................................................................................................. 16 133

5.4.3 IF output carrier ................................................................................................................. 16 134

5.4.3.1 IF output carrier frequency ............................................................................................. 16 135

5.4.3.2 IF stability ....................................................................................................................... 16 136

5.4.3.3 IF accuracy ...................................................................................................................... 16 137

5.4.3.4 Phase noise ...................................................................................................................... 16 138

5.4.3.4.1 Continuous component ................................................................................................ 16 139

5.4.3.4.2 Discrete component ..................................................................................................... 17 140

5.4.4 Output power control range, step size, and accuracy ......................................................... 19 141

5.4.5 Spectral output ................................................................................................................... 19 142

5.4.5.1 Spectral confinement ...................................................................................................... 19 143

5.4.5.2 Transmit thermal noise ................................................................................................... 19 144

5.4.5.3 Transmit output spurious emissions................................................................................ 19 145

5.4.5.4 Transmit output harmonics ............................................................................................. 19 146

5.4.6 Modulation performance .................................................................................................... 21 147

5.4.6.1 Spectral inversion............................................................................................................ 21 148

5.4.6.2 Error vector magnitude ................................................................................................... 21 149

IF input interface ................................................................................................................... 21 150

5.5.1 IF input frequency bands ................................................................................................... 21 151

5.5.2 Input impedance ................................................................................................................. 21 152

5.5.3 IF input carrier ................................................................................................................... 21 153

5.5.3.1 IF input carrier frequency ............................................................................................... 21 154

5.5.3.2 Input frequency uncertainty ............................................................................................ 21 155

5.5.4 IF input power .................................................................................................................... 21 156

5.5.4.1 Desired carrier ................................................................................................................. 21 157

5.5.4.1.1 Minimum operating IF input level ............................................................................... 21 158

5.5.4.1.2 Maximum operating IF input level .............................................................................. 22 159

5.5.4.2 Noise figure ..................................................................................................................... 22 160

5.5.4.3 Composite power ............................................................................................................ 22 161 v

5.5.4.4 IF input overload ............................................................................................................. 22 162

Demodulation ........................................................................................................................ 22 163

5.6.1 Demodulation requirements ............................................................................................... 22 164

5.6.2 Acquisition and timing performance requirements............................................................ 22 165

5.6.2.1 Initial acquisition ............................................................................................................ 22 166

5.6.2.2 Reacquisition................................................................................................................... 23 167

5.6.2.3 Bit count integrity ........................................................................................................... 23 168

5.6.2.4 Synchronization retention ............................................................................................... 23 169

5.6.2.5 Timing jitter .................................................................................................................... 23 170

5.6.2.6 Doppler ........................................................................................................................... 23 171

5.6.3 Error performance requirements ........................................................................................ 23 172

5.6.3.1 Back-to-back error performance ..................................................................................... 23 173

5.6.3.1.1 CW modulation format ................................................................................................ 23 174

5.6.3.1.2 OM-73 .......................................................................................................................... 23 175

5.6.3.1.3 Legacy MIL-STD-188-165 .......................................................................................... 24 176

5.6.3.1.4 IESS-308 ...................................................................................................................... 24 177

5.6.3.1.5 IESS-309 ...................................................................................................................... 24 178

5.6.3.1.6 IESS-310 ...................................................................................................................... 24 179

5.6.3.1.7 IESS-315 ...................................................................................................................... 24 180

5.6.3.1.8 NATO STANAG 4486 Annex E ................................................................................. 24 181

5.6.3.1.9 ETSI EN 302 307-1 ..................................................................................................... 24 182

5.6.3.1.10 New modem emulations ............................................................................................ 24 183

5.6.3.2 Error performance with adjacent channel interference ................................................... 24 184

5.6.3.3 Composite power ............................................................................................................ 25 185

5.6.3.4 Isolation of additional integrated modulators and demodulators .................................... 25 186

Modem control and monitoring functions ............................................................................ 25 187

5.7.1 Modem remote control interface ........................................................................................ 25 188

5.7.2 Control and monitoring parameters ................................................................................... 25 189

5.7.2.1 Control response times .................................................................................................... 25 190

5.7.2.2 Eb/N0 reporting requirements .......................................................................................... 26 191

5.7.3 Positive modem control ..................................................................................................... 26 192

6. NOTES .................................................................................................................................... 26 193

Intended use .......................................................................................................................... 26 194

Acquisition requirements ...................................................................................................... 26 195

Tailoring guidance ................................................................................................................ 27 196

SHF SATCOM standards profile .......................................................................................... 27 197

CONCLUDING MATERIAL ................................................................................................ 29 198 vi

FIGURE 201

1. Back-to-back modem IF test setup ............................................................................................ 7 203

2. Phase noise of transmitted IF ................................................................................................... 18 204

3. Modulator output signal spectral density limit mask ............................................................... 20 205

4. SHF SATCOM standards profile ............................................................................................. 28 206

TABLE 208

I. FEC punctured code patterns .................................................................................................... 12 210

II. QPSK and OQPSK symbol mapping ...................................................................................... 13 211

III. BPSK, QPSK, and OQPSK punctured code patterns ............................................................ 14 212

IV. Acquisition times for selected data rates ............................................................................... 22 213

V. Doppler parameters ................................................................................................................. 23 214

VI. Modem control and monitoring parameters .......................................................................... 26 215

1. SCOPE 218

Scope. This standard covers phase-shift keying (PSK) modems operating in 220 frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) mode. The requirements specified herein represent 221 the minimum performance specifications required for interoperability; the requirements may be 222 exceeded by equipment developers to satisfy specific service requirements. Thus, incorporating 223 additional standard and nonstandard capabilities and interfaces is not precluded. 224

Applicability. The interface and performance specifications contained herein apply 226 to satellite modems used to communicate through transponders on the Defense Satellite 227

Communications System (DSCS) and the Wideband Global SATCOM (WGS) system. The 228 military-unique requirements for super high frequency (SHF) SATCOM modems that operate 229 over commercial C-band, Ku-band, and Ka-band apply when the modem is used to provide 230 access to the DoD Information Networks (DoDIN). 231

Certification authority. The U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command 233

(USASMDC)/Army Forces Strategic Command (ARSTRAT) is the certification authority for the 234

WGS communications system and the DSCS and may be contacted at the following address. 235

U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command 237

Army Forces Strategic Command G-6 238

Consolidated Wideband SATCOM System Expert (C-SSE) 239

350 Vandenberg Street 240

Peterson Air Force Base, CO 80914-2749 241 usarmy.peterson.smdc.list.wideband-engineering2@mail.mil 242

Additional requirements. USASMDC/ARSTRAT may levy certification 244 requirements in addition to those listed herein. Modem designers/vendors shall coordinate with 245 the certification authority to obtain test requirements specific to their modem. Note that this 246 document is not intended to provide information regarding how to achieve the requirements 247 contained herein; modem designers/vendors should refer to applicable requirements documents 248 issued by USASMDC/ARSTRAT. 249

Requests to deviate from the standard. If a modem requires deviation from the 251 specifications stated herein, the Government sponsor PM should process a request to deviate 252 from the standard through the certification authority, in accordance with DoD Manual (DoDM) 253

4120.24, Defense Standardization Program Procedures. The request should include the mission 254 of the system, the rationale for deviating from the standard, and both the technical and cost 255 impact if the program is not allowed to deviate from the standard. Modems that are accepted by 256 the Government sponsor PM without first obtaining approval for deviation from the certification 257 authority are acquired at program risk. 258

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 260

General. The documents listed in this section are specified in sections 3, 4, and 5 of 262 this standard. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this standard or 263 recommended for additional information or as examples. Document users are cautioned that 264 they must meet all specified requirements of documents cited in sections 3, 4, and 5 of this 265 standard, whether or not they are listed in section 2. 266

Government documents. 268

2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. The following specifications, 270 standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless 271 otherwise specified, the versions of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or 272 contract. 273

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENTS 275

NATO STANAG 4486 - Super High Frequency (SHF) Military Satellite

Communications (MILSATCOM) Frequency

Division Multiple Access (FDMA) Non-EPM

Modem for Services Conforming to Class-B of

STANAG 4484

NATO Standard

AComP-4486

- Super High Frequency (SHF) Military Satellite

Communications (MILSATCOM) Frequency

Division Multiple Access (FDMA) Non-EPM

Modem for Services Conforming to Class-B of

STANAG 4484

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE STANDARDS 278

MIL-STD-188-115 - Interoperability and Performance Standards for

Communications Timing and Synchronization

Subsystems

(Copies of these documents are available online at https://assist.dla.mil or from the 281

Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 282

19111-5094.) 283

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SPECIFICATIONS 285

A3197423 - Specification for OM-73XX Modem Group

(Copies of this document are available from the U.S. Army Communications-Electronic 288

Research, Development and Engineering Center, Space and Terrestrial Communications 289

Directorate, SATCOM Systems Division, Independent Test and Certification Branch (RDER-290

STC-CT), 6690 Raritan Avenue, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005.) 291

Non-Government publications. The following non-Government documents form a 293 part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of 294 these documents are those listed in solicitation or contract. 295

TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION (TIA) 297

TIA-334 - Signal Quality at Interface Between Data Terminal

Equipment and Synchronous Data Circuit-Terminating

Equipment for Serial Data Transmission

TIA-422 - Electrical Characteristics of Balanced Voltage Digital

Interface Circuits

TIA-423 - Electrical Characteristics of Unbalanced Voltage Digital

Interface Circuits

TIA-485 - Electrical Characteristics of Generators and Receivers for

Use in Balanced Digital Multipoint Systems

TIA-530 - High Speed 25-Position Interface for Data Terminal

Equipment and Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment, Including Alternative 26-Position Connector

TIA-612 - Electrical Characteristics for an Interface at Data

Signaling Rates up to 52 Mbit/s

TIA-613 - High Speed Serial Interface for Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment

(Copies of these documents are available from 300 https://global.ihs.com/home_page_tia.cfm?&csf=TIA.) 301

INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE ORGANIZATION 303

(INTELSAT) EARTH STATION STANDARDS (IESSs) 304 https://global.ihs.com/home_page_tia.cfm?&csf=TIA

IESS-308 - Performance Characteristics for Intermediate Data Rate

Digital Carriers Using Convolutional Encoding/Viterbi

Encoding and QPSK Modulation (QPSK/IDR)

IESS-309 - Performance Characteristics for INTELSAT Business

Services (IBS)

IESS-310 - Performance Characteristics for Intermediate Data Rate

Digital Carriers Using Rate 2/3 TCM/8PSK and Reed–

Solomon Outer Coding (TCM/IDR)

IESS-315 - Performance Characteristics for VSAT Service Using

Turbo Coding with QPSK/OQPSK Modulation

(Copies of these documents are available from INTELSAT Global Service Corporation, 3400 307

International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 (202-944-6800) or online at 308 http://www.intelsat.com.) 309 http://www.intelsat.com/

EUROPEAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ETSI) 311

ETSI EN

302 307-1

- Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second Generation

Framing Structure, Channel Coding and Modulation

Systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News

Gathering and Other Broadband Satellite Applications;

Part 1: DVB-S2

(Copies of this document are available online at http://www.etsi.org.) 314

INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS (IEEE) 316

IEEE 802.3 - IEEE Standard for Ethernet

(Copies of this document are available from www.ieee.org or the IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes 319

Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854-4141). 320

THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE (IETF) 322

RFC-1592 - Simple Network Management Protocol Distributed

Protocol Interface

RFC-5578 - PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) Extensions for Credit Flow and Link Metrics

(Copies of these documents are available online at https://tools.ietf.org.) 325

ALLIANCE FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY SOLUTIONS (ATIS) 327

ATIS-0100523 - ATIS Telecom Glossary (American National Standard

T1.523)

(Copies of this document are available online at http://www.atis.org/glossary/.) 330

2.3.1 Order of precedence. Unless otherwise noted herein or in the contract, in the 332 event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of 333 this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws 334 and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 335

3. DEFINITIONS 337

Definitions of terms. Definitions of terms not listed in this section are as defined in 339 the ATIS Telecom Glossary. 340

Abbreviations. The abbreviations used in this MIL-STD are defined as follows. 342 http://www.etsi.org/ http://www.ieee.org/ https://tools.ietf.org/ http://www.atis.org/glossary/

8-PSK eight-phase-shift keying

AC alternating current

ACI adjacent channel interference

AGC automatic gain control

AH antenna handover

ANSI American National Standards Institute

APSK amplitude-phase-shift keying

ATIS Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions

AUPC automated uplink power control

BCI bit-count integrity

BER bit error ratio

BPSK binary phase-shift keying

C-SSE Consolidated Wideband SATCOM System Expert

C3I command, control, communications, and intelligence

CDMA code-division multiple access

CW continuous wave

DAMA demand-assignment multiple access

DEM distant-end monitoring

DISA Defense Information Systems Agency

DoD Department of Defense

DoDIN Department of Defense Information Networks

DSCS Defense Satellite Communications System

DVB digital video broadcasting

EBEM Enhanced Bandwidth Efficient Modem

EIA Electronic Industries Alliance

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute

EVM error vector magnitude

FDMA frequency-division multiple access

FEC forward error correction

HSSI High Speed Serial Interface

I in phase

IBS INTELSAT Business Services

IDR intermediate data rate

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IESS INTELSAT earth station standard

IETF Internet Engineering Task Force

IF intermediate frequency

INTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite Organization

IP Internet Protocol

ISO International Organization for Standardization

ITA information throughput adaptation

ITU-T International Telecommunications Union – Telecommunication

Standardization Sector

MIL-STD military standard

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization

OQPSK offset quadrature phase-shift keying

PM Program Manager

PPP Point-to-Point Protocol

PPPoE Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet

PSD power spectral density

PSK phase-shift keying

Q quadrature phase

QPSK quadrature phase-shift keying

RF radio frequency

RMS root mean square

RS Reed–Solomon

Rx reception

SATCOM satellite communications

SHF Super high frequency

SOW statement of work

SSB single sideband

STANAG standardization agreement

TDMA time-division multiple access

TIA Telecommunications Industry Association

Tx transmission

VSWR voltage standing-wave ratio

WGS Wideband Global SATCOM

Back to back. In back-to-back intermediate frequency (IF) testing of modems 345

(FIGURE 1), two identical modems shall be used. The IF output of modem 1 shall be connected 346 via coaxial cable to the IF input of modem 2 through a bank of fixed and/or adjustable 347 attenuators. An identical IF path also may be used from the IF output of modem 2 to the IF input 348 of modem 1. To ensure adequate isolation, an internal loop-back on a modem shall not 349 constitute a back-to-back IF testing configuration for certification. 350

FIGURE 1. Back-to-back modem IF test setup 355

Binary phase-shift keying (BPSK). A form of PSK. In PSK modulation, the phase 358 angle of the carrier is discretely controlled by the information bits being transmitted. In BPSK, 359 the instantaneous phase of the carrier can be either unchanged or shifted 180°. 360

Bit error ratio. The number of bit errors divided by the total number of transferred 362 bits during a specified time interval. 363

Modem 1 Modem 2

IF OUTPUT

IF INPUT

IF INPUT

IF OUTPUT

PATH LOSS ATTENUATION

dBc. Ratio of a non-carrier power component to the total power in a carrier, 365 expressed in decibels. 366

Eb/N0. The ratio of energy per bit to noise power spectral density (PSD). 368

Eight-phase-shift keying (8-PSK). A form of PSK in which the instantaneous 370 phase of the carrier can be unchanged or shifted ±45°, ±90°, ±135°, or 180°. 371

Es/N0. The ratio of energy per symbol to noise PSD. 373

Frequency uncertainty. The difference between a received signal’s expected 375 frequency and its actual frequency. Frequency uncertainty results when 1) a difference in 376 frequency between reference oscillators exists, 2) Doppler effects cause frequency shifts, or 3) 377 frequency setting inaccuracies exist. 378

Modulation symbol rate. The rate at which symbols are transferred across a 380 satellite channel, measured in symbols per second (sym/s). 381

Offset quadrature phase-shift keying (OQPSK). A form of quadrature phase-383 shift keying (QPSK) in which the in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) bit streams are offset in 384 time by half a symbol period (i.e., the offset is equal to the reciprocal of the data rate). 385

Punctured code. A higher-rate code obtained by periodically deleting bits from a 387 lower-rate code. 388

Reference Eb/N0. The theoretical performance, including allowed implementation 390 loss (5.6.3.1). 391

Symbol rate. Symbol rate (Rs) is related to data rate (Rd), modulation rate (m), 393 modulation type, and code rate (CR) as follows. 394

Rs = (Rd + OH)/mCRvCRrs) 396

Where: 398

Rd = rate of data entering or exiting the modem; 399

OH = overhead, if any, added to rate of data entering the modem; 400 m = modulation type (m = 1 if the modulation type is BPSK; m = 2 if the 401 modulation type is QPSK; m = 3 if the modulation type is 8-PSK); 402

CRv = code rate of the Viterbi (convolutional) error correction (e.g., 1/2, 3/4); 403

CRrs = code rate of the Reed–Solomon (RS) error correction. 404

4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 406

Modem description. A modem shall implement one or more transmission functions 408 and one or more reception functions, along with associated control and monitoring functions. 409

Separate transmission and/or reception functions shall be implemented for different applications 410 and asymmetric data rates. 411

4.1.1 Transmission function. The transmission function shall accept data signals from 413 a digital data source and use these digital data signals to modulate an IF carrier in accordance 414 with one or more prescribed modem standards. The transmission function shall then send this IF 415 signal to an IF output interface. Prescribed modem standards define the following transmission 416 functions and components. 417

a. Data input interface(s). 419

b. Provisions for automated power control, where applicable. 421

c. Provisions for adaptive coding and modulation, where applicable. 423

d. Provisions for supporting distant-end status monitoring, where applicable. 425

e. Internal service channel source. 427

f. Service multiplexer. 429

g. Encryption. 431

h. Scrambling for purposes of data randomization. 433

i. Encoding for mitigation of antenna handover effects. 435

j. Differential encoding. 437

k. Forward error correction (FEC) encoding. 439

l. Symbol-level carrier modulation. 441

m. Modulation framing. 443

n. IF output interface. 445

4.1.2 Reception function. The reception function shall receive an IF signal from an IF 447 input interface. The reception function shall then demodulate this IF signal in accordance with 448 one or more prescribed modem standards. The reception function shall then send data and, if 449 necessary, timing derived from the data, to a digital data sink. Prescribed modem standards 450 define the following reception functions and components. 451

a. IF input interface. 453

b. Modulation de-framing. 455

c. Symbol-level carrier demodulation. 457

d. FEC decoding. 459

e. Differential decoding. 461

f. Decoding for mitigation of antenna handover effects. 463

g. Descrambling for purposes of data de-randomization. 465

h. Decryption. 467

i. Service de-multiplexer. 469

j. Internal service channel sink. 471

k. Provisions for distant-end status monitoring, where applicable. 473

l. Provisions for supporting distant-end adaptive coding and modulation, where 475 applicable. 476

m. Provisions for supporting distant-end automated power control, where applicable. 478

n. Data output interface(s). 480

4.1.3 Control and monitoring functions. The modem shall interface with external 482 controlling and monitoring components. 483

Operational conditions. Unless otherwise specified, the requirements specified in 485 this MIL-STD shall be met over the range of environmental conditions specified by the relevant 486 procuring authority. 487

Environmental perturbation. Active links shall not suffer loss of bit or packet 489 count integrity when the modem is subject to the following conditions at the Eb/N0 required for 490

1 × 10−10 bit error ratio (BER) performance. 491

a. Exposure to a nominal temperature shock of 23 °C. The temperature range shall 493 include the lowest and highest operating temperatures. The rate of temperature change between 494 extremes shall be 22 °C per hour. 495

b. Vibration with an input frequency varied between 50 and 2,000 Hz and with a 497 constant input acceleration of 1.5 N (peak). 498

c. A shock caused by the impact of a test hammer on the outside surface of the 500 equipment housing the conversion circuitry, simulating a maintenance or operator action on the 501 reception function subsystem. The test hammer shall be a 1-lb (453.59-g) weight attached to an 502

8-in (20.32-cm) arm pivoted from a rigid support and free to move through a vertical plane. The 503 striking face shall be covered with a 0.5-in (1.27-cm) thickness of open-cell sponge rubber that 504 has a density of 0.027 lb/in3 (747.43 kg/m3) and a compression deflection of 7–14 lbf/in2 505

(4921–9843 kg/m2) for 25-percent deflection. The shock shall be produced by releasing the 506 hammer to swing freely through a 90° arc; the hammer shall impact the enclosure at the bottom 507 of its swing. 508

5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS 510

Frequency reference. Modems shall accept an external frequency reference signal 512 in accordance with Error! Reference source not found.. Modems shall include an internal 513 frequency reference for accuracy and stability when an external frequency reference signal is not 514 present. 515

Baseband interfaces. 517

5.2.1 Data rates. The data rate resolution for all modems shall be in 1-bit-per-second 519

(b/s) increments. The minimum and maximum data rates shall be specified by the procuring 520 authority. 521

5.2.2 Ethernet data interfaces. Modems that implement Ethernet data interfaces shall 523 do so in accordance with the current version of IEEE 802.3. 524

5.2.2.1 Ethernet flow control. Modems that implement Ethernet data interfaces shall 526 support PPPoE for encapsulating Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) frames inside Ethernet frames; 527 modems that implement Ethernet data interfaces shall support PPPoE with extensions introduced 528 in RFC-5578 for credit-based session flow control and session-based link metric quality reports. 529

5.2.3 Serial data interfaces. When equipped with serial data interfaces, the modem 531 shall operate with one or more baseband data interfaces that conform to one or more of the 532 formats described in 5.2.3.1–5.2.3.3, as selected by the procuring authority. 533

5.2.3.1 High Speed Serial Interface. High Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) shall be in 535 accordance with TIA-612 and TIA-613. 536

5.2.3.2 Balanced serial. Balanced serial with electrical characteristics shall be in 538 accordance with TIA-422; mechanical characteristics shall be in accordance with TIA-530. 539

5.2.3.3 Unbalanced serial. Unbalanced serial with electrical characteristics shall be in 541 accordance with TIA-423; mechanical characteristics shall be in accordance with TIA-530. 542

Modem emulations. The modem shall implement one or more of the following 544 modem emulations in accordance with the prescribed standards as indicated in 5.3.1–5.3.10, 545 subject to the determination of the procuring authority. 546

5.3.1 Continuous wave (CW). The modem shall be able to output an unmodulated 548 signal. This emulation is mandatory. 549

5.3.2 OM-73. OM-73-compliant emulations shall be in accordance with the following 551 paragraphs of A3197423, as indicated. 552

a. Generally in accordance with 3.2.1.1, Transmitter Module Characteristics. 554

b. Scrambling in accordance with 3.2.1.1.3, Bit Randomizer. 556

c. Differential encoding in accordance with 3.2.1.1.4, Differential Encoder and Interface. 558

d. FEC encoding in accordance with 3.2.1.1.5, FEC Encoder, and with the punctured 560 code patterns shown in TABLE I. 561

TABLE I. FEC punctured code patterns 564

Code

Rate Symbol

Transmission Bit Sequence and Puncture Pattern

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7

3/4 P1 1 1 1 1 1

P2 1 1 1 1 1

7/8 P1 1 1 1

P2 1 1 1 1 1

= Deleted bit. 567 P1 = 1718 polynomial output. 568 P2 = 1338 polynomial output. 569

e. Symbol-level carrier modulation in accordance with 3.2.1.1.7, RF Modulator. 572

(1) For BPSK, transmitting P2 followed by P1, according to the puncture pattern 574 shown in TABLE I. 575

(2) For QPSK and OQPSK, with symbol mapping as presented in 576

(4)TABLE II. 578

TABLE II. QPSK and OQPSK symbol mapping 581

Code

Rate Channel

Number of Transmitted Symbols

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

1/2 I P1 (B1) P1 (B2) P1 (B3) P1 (B4) P1 (B5) P1 (B6) P1 (B7)

Q P2 (B1) P2 (B2) P2 (B3) P2 (B4) P2 (B5) P2 (B6) P2 (B7)

3/4 I P1 (B1) P1 (B3) P1 (B4) P1 (B6) P1 (B7) -- --

Q P2 (B1) P2 (B2) P2 (B4) P2 (B5) P2 (B7) -- --

7/8 I P1 (B1) P2 (B3) P1 (B5) P1 (B7) -- -- --

Q P2 (B1) P2 (B2) P2 (B4) P2 (B6) -- -- --

I = In-phase component. 584 P1 = 1718 polynomial output. 585 P2 = 1338 polynomial output. 586 Q = Quadrature component. 587

5.3.3 Legacy MIL-STD-188-165. Legacy MIL-STD-188-165-compliant emulations 590 shall be implemented as follows. 591

a. Scrambling selectable from: 593

(1) No scrambling. 595

(2) OM-73-compliant scrambling in accordance with A3197423 paragraph 596

3.2.1.1.3, Bit Randomizer. 597

(3) Scrambling in accordance with the energy dispersal (scrambling) 598 requirements of IESS-308, IESS-309, and IESS-310. 599

b. Differential encoding shall be either disabled or: 601

(1) For BPSK, bit-wise. 603

(2) For QPSK and OQPSK, separate for I and Q. 604

(3) For 8-PSK, in accordance with IESS-310. 605

c. FEC encoding. 607

(1) RS outer codes shall be selectable from the following options. 609

(a) No outer code. 610

(b) RS(126,112) for data rates below 512 kb/s. 611

(c) RS(219,201) for data rates greater than or equal to 512 kb/s. 612

(d) RS(225,205) at any rate. 613

(2) Inter-leaver depth shall be selectable, either 4 or 8, for use when RS outer 614 codes are selected. 615

(3) For BPSK, QPSK, and OQPSK, selectable convolutional encoding with 7-bit 616 constraint-length convolutional encoding polynomials P1 = 1718 and P2 = 1338 and 617 punctured code patterns shall be as presented in TABLE III. 618

TABLE III. BPSK, QPSK, and OQPSK punctured code patterns 619

Code

Rate Symbol

Transmit Bit Sequence and Puncture Pattern

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7

3/4 P1 1 1 1 1 1

P2 1 1 1 1 1

7/8 P1 1 1 1

P2 1 1 1 1 1

= Deleted bit. 622 P1 = 1718 polynomial output. 623 P2 = 1338 polynomial output. 624

(4) For 8-PSK, rate 2/3 pragmatic trellis FEC coding and signal mapping shall be 627 in accordance with IESS-310. 628

d. Symbol-level carrier modulation. 630

(1) For BPSK, QPSK, and OQPSK, in accordance with 5.3.2.e of this document. 632

(2) For 8-PSK, in accordance with IESS-310. 633

5.3.4 IESS-308. Modems that implement IESS-308 emulations shall do so in 635 accordance with IESS-308. 636

5.3.5 IESS-309. Modems that implement IESS-309 emulations shall do so in 638 accordance with IESS-309. 639

5.3.6 IESS-310. Modems that implement IESS-310 emulations shall do so in 641 accordance with IESS-310. 642

5.3.7 IESS-315. Modems that implement IESS-315 emulations shall do so in 644 accordance with IESS-315. 645

5.3.8 NATO STANAG 4486 Annex E. Modems that implement NATO STANAG 647

4486 emulations shall do so as follows. 648

a. When applicable, provisions for automated uplink power control shall be in 650 accordance with NATO STANAG 4486 Edition 3 Annex E Appendix K, EBEM Automated 651

Uplink Power Control (AUPC). 652

b. When applicable, provisions for information throughput adaptation (ITA) (adaptive 654 coding and modulation) shall be in accordance with NATO STANAG 4486 Edition 3 Annex E 655

Appendix E, EBEM Information Throughput Adaptation (ITA). 656

c. When applicable, provisions for distant-end status monitoring shall be in accordance 658 with NATO STANAG 4486 Edition 3 Annex E Appendix G, EBEM Distant End Monitoring 659

(DEM). 660

d. When applicable, embedded channel interfaces shall be in accordance with NATO 662

AComP-4486 Edition A Version 1 Annex F section 3.1.2, Embedded Channel, and Annex G 663 section 5, Embedded Channel Interfaces. 664

e. Service multiplexers shall be in accordance with NATO AComP-4486 Edition A 666

Version 1 Annex F sections 3.2, Frame Structures; 3.3, Frame Format #1 (ITA); and/or 3.4, 667

Frame Format #2 (AH), as applicable. 668

f. Encryption shall be in accordance with NATO AComP-4486 Edition A Version 1 670

Annex F section 3.5, Encryption. 671

g. Selectable scrambling shall be in accordance with NATO AComP-4486 Edition A 673

Version 1 Annex F section 3.3.4.2, Scrambler. 674

h. When applicable, encoding for mitigation of antenna handover effects shall be in 676 accordance with NATO AComP-4486 Edition A Version 1 Annex F section 3.4, Frame Format 677

#2 (AH). 678

i. FEC encoding shall be in accordance with NATO AComP-4486 Edition A Version 1 680

Annex F section 3.3.4.3.1, Turbo Code. 681

j. Symbol-level carrier modulation shall be in accordance with NATO AComP-4486 683

Edition A Version 1 Annex F section 3.3.4.3.1.7, Symbol Mapping. 684

k. Modulation framing shall be in accordance with NATO AComP-4486 Edition A 686

Version 1 Annex F section 3.3.4.3.3, Framing, through section 3.3.4.6, IF Spectral Polarity. 687

5.3.9 ETSI EN 302 307-1. Modems that implement ETSI EN 302 307-1 emulations 689 shall do so in accordance with ETSI EN 302 307-1. 690

5.3.10 New modem emulations. New modem emulations may be considered for 692 inclusion in this standard under the following conditions. 693

a. If the waveform is fully and explicitly specified in accordance with open commercial 695 standards available to the DoD Government and vendor communities. 696

b. If the waveform satisfies a need not met by existing waveforms cited in this standard. 697

IF output interface. 699

5.4.1 IF output frequency bands. The modem shall support a 950 to 2000MHz IF 701 interface. Additional IF interfaces and minimum bandwidths may be chosen by the procuring 702 authority from the following list. 703

a. 70 ± 18 MHz 705

b. 140 ± 36 MHz 707

c. 700 ± 62.5 MHz 709

Modem performance parameters detailed in this standard shall be met for all waveforms whose 711

−25-dBc bandwidths are contained within the bandwidth limits of the corresponding IF interface. 712

5.4.2 Output impedance. The IF interfaces shall have a nominal impedance of 50 Ω. 714

The voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) over the IF band shall be less than 1.5:1 for IF band 715 centers below 1 GHz and 2.0:1 for IF band centers above 1 GHz. 716

5.4.3 IF output carrier. 718

5.4.3.1 IF output carrier frequency. The modem shall provide an IF output carrier 720 configurable in 1-kHz steps, or sub-multiples thereof. 721

5.4.3.2 IF stability. When an external frequency reference is not present, the IF output 723 carrier frequency shall be stable to within 1 × 10−8 per day without frequency source 724 adjustments. When an external frequency reference is present, the IF output carrier frequency 725 stability shall meet the frequency stability requirement of the external frequency standard. 726

5.4.3.3 IF accuracy. When an external frequency reference is not present, the IF output 728 carrier frequency shall be within 1 × 10−7 of the selected value after a 1-h warm-up period. 729

When an external frequency reference is present, the IF output carrier frequency shall be within 730

1 × 10−7 of the selected value without a warm-up period. 731

5.4.3.4 Phase noise. The phase noise requirement is subdivided into continuous and 733 discrete components. The applicable single sideband (SSB) integrated phase noise root mean 734 square (RMS) (in degrees) and/or the phase noise PSD shall be measured and recorded for the 735 discrete and continuous components as defined in 5.4.3.4.1 and 5.4.3.4.2. 736

5.4.3.4.1 Continuous component. The continuous component consists of the Gaussian-738 based phase noise present within the modulator under test and excludes the discrete component 739 contributions. 740

a. The calculated SSB continuous component phase noise RMS, integrated over the limit 742 of 10 Hz to100 MHz, shall be equal to: 743

(1)…