MIL-STD-188-165B-C1_DRAFT_for_RFI_v6_-_COMPARISON.pdf

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 15

INTERFACE STANDARD 16

INTEROPERABILITY OF 19

SUPERHIGH FREQUENCY (SHF) SATELLITE 20

COMMUNICATIONS 21

PHASE-SHIFT KEYING (PSK) MODEMS 22

AMSC N/A AREA TCSS 31

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. 33

MIL-STD-188-165B

w/CHANGE 1

DRAFT

SUPERSEDING

MIL-STD-188-165B

26 March 2018

NOT MEASUREMENT

SENSITIVE

NOTE: This draft, dated 26 July 2019, prepared by DISA DC1, has not been approved and is subject to modification. DO NOT USE PRIOR TO

APPROVAL. (Project TCSS-2019-006)

DRAFT DATED 26 JULY 2019

ii

DRAFT DATED 26 JULY 2019

iii

FOREWORD 36

1. This standard is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department 38 of Defense (DoD) within the distribution limitations noted at the bottom of the cover. 39

2. It is DoD policy that all joint and combined operations be supported by compatible; 41 interoperable; and integrated command, control, communications, and intelligence (C3I) 42 systems. All C3I systems developed for use by U.S. forces are considered to be for joint use. 43

The Director, Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA), serves as the DoD single point of 44 contact for developing information technology standards to achieve interoperability and 45 compatibility. All C3I systems and equipment shall conform to technical and procedural 46 standards for compatibility and interoperability. 47

3. Military standards (MIL-STDs) in the 188 series (MIL-STD-188-XXX) address 49 telecommunications design parameters and are to be used in all new DoD systems and equipment 50 procurements, or major upgrades thereto. The MIL-STD-188 series is subdivided into a MIL-51

STD-188-100 series, covering common standards for tactical and long-haul communications; a 52

MIL-STD-188-200 series, covering standards for tactical communications only; and a MIL-53

STD-188-300 series, covering standards for long-haul communications only. Emphasis is being 54 placed on the development of common standards for tactical and long-haul communications (the 55

MIL-STD-188-100 series). The MIL-STD-188 series may be based on, or make reference to, 56

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards, International Telecommunications 57

Union – Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) recommendations, International 58

Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 59 standardization agreements (STANAGs), and other standards, wherever applicable. 60

4. This MIL-STD is part of a profile of standards for superhigh frequency (SHF) satellite 62 communications (SATCOM) (6.5). 63

5. Comments, suggestions, and questions on this document should be addressed to 65

DISA, 6910 Cooper Ave., ATTN: IE53, Fort Meade, MD 20755-5496, or emailed to 66 henry.h.tran.civ@mail.mil. Because contact information can change, verify the currency of this 67 address information by using the ASSIST Online database at https://assist.dla.mil. 68 mailto:henry.h.tran.civ@mail.mil https://assist.dla.mil/

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CONTENTS 70

PARAGRAPH PAGE 71

FOREWORD ............................................................................................................ iii 72

1 SCOPE .........................................................................................................................1 73

1.1 Scope. ..................................................................................................................1 74

1.2 Applicability. .......................................................................................................1 75

1.3 Certification authority. ........................................................................................1 76

1.4 Additional requirements. .....................................................................................1 77

1.5 Special Types of Modems. ..................................................................................1 78

1.6 Requests to deviate from the standard. ...............................................................1 79

2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS..................................................................................2 80

2.1 General. ...............................................................................................................2 81

2.2 Government documents. .....................................................................................2 82

2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. ..........................................................2 83

2.3 Non-Government publications. ...........................................................................3 84

2.3.1 Order of precedence. ...........................................................................................5 85

3 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................6 86

3.1 Definitions of terms.............................................................................................6 87

3.2 Abbreviations. .....................................................................................................6 88

3.3 Accuracy. ............................................................................................................7 89

3.4 Back to back. .......................................................................................................7 90

3.5 Bit error ratio (BER). ..........................................................................................8 91

3.6 Data rate (RD). .....................................................................................................8 92

3.7 dBc. .....................................................................................................................8 93

3.8 Eb/N0. ...................................................................................................................8 94

3.9 Error vector magnitude (EVM). ..........................................................................8 95

3.10 ES/N0. ...................................................................................................................9 96

3.11 Frequency uncertainty. ........................................................................................9 97

3.12 Modem emulation. ..............................................................................................9 98

3.13 Punctured code. ...................................................................................................9 99

3.14 Quasi Error Free ES/N0 (QEF ES/N0). ..................................................................9 100

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3.15 Reference ES/N0. .................................................................................................9 101

3.16 Stability. ..............................................................................................................9 102

3.17 Symbol rate (RS). .................................................................................................9 103

3.18 Threshold Eb/N0. ..................................................................................................9 104

3.19 Threshold ES/N0. .................................................................................................9 105

4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................9 106

4.1 Overview. ............................................................................................................9 107

4.2 Modem description............................................................................................10 108

4.2.1 Transmission function. ......................................................................................10 109

4.2.2 Reception function. ...........................................................................................11 110

4.2.3 Control and monitoring functions. ....................................................................12 111

4.3 Operational conditions. .....................................................................................12 112

4.4 Environmental perturbation. .............................................................................12 113

5 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS..............................................................................12 114

5.1 Overview. ..........................................................................................................13 115

5.2 Frequency reference. .........................................................................................13 116

5.3 Baseband interfaces. ..........................................................................................13 117

5.3.1 Data rates. ..........................................................................................................13 118

5.3.2 Ethernet data interfaces. ....................................................................................13 119 or IEEE 802.3ae (10 Gigabit ............................................................................14 120

5.3.2.1 Radio-router signaling. ......................................................................................15 121

5.3.3 Serial data interfaces. ........................................................................................15 122

5.3.3.1 High Speed Serial Interface. .............................................................................15 123

5.3.3.2 Balanced serial. .................................................................................................15 124

5.3.3.3 Unbalanced serial. .............................................................................................15 125

5.4 Modem emulations. ...........................................................................................15 126

5.4.1 Continuous wave. ..............................................................................................16 127

5.4.2 IESS-315. ..........................................................................................................18 128

5.4.3 NATO STANAG 4486. ....................................................................................18 129

5.4.4 ETSI EN 302 307-1 (DVB-S2). ........................................................................20 130

5.4.5 ETSI EN 302 307–2 (DVB-S2X). ....................................................................20 131

5.4.6 New modem emulations. ...................................................................................20 132

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vi

5.5 IF output interface. ............................................................................................20 133

5.5.1 IF output frequency bands. ................................................................................20 134

5.5.2 Output impedance. ............................................................................................21 135

5.5.3 IF output carrier.................................................................................................21 136

5.5.3.1 IF output carrier frequency................................................................................21 137

5.5.3.2 IF stability. ........................................................................................................21 138

5.5.3.3 IF accuracy. .......................................................................................................21 139

5.5.3.4 Phase noise. .......................................................................................................21 140

5.5.4 Output power control range, step size, and accuracy. .......................................25 141

5.5.5 Spectral output. .................................................................................................25 142

5.5.5.1 Spectral confinement. ........................................................................................25 143

5.5.5.2 Transmission thermal noise...............................................................................28 144

5.5.5.3 Transmission output spurious emissions. ..........................................................31 145

5.5.5.4 Transmission output harmonics. .......................................................................31 146

5.5.6 Modulation performance. ..................................................................................31 147

5.5.6.1 Spectral inversion. .............................................................................................31 148

5.5.6.2 Error vector magnitude. ....................................................................................31 149

5.6 IF input interface. ..............................................................................................32 150

5.6.1 IF input frequency bands. ..................................................................................32 151

5.6.2 Input impedance. ...............................................................................................32 152

5.6.3 IF input carrier...................................................................................................32 153

5.6.3.1 IF input carrier frequency..................................................................................33 154

5.6.3.2 Input frequency uncertainty. .............................................................................33 155

5.6.4 IF input power. ..................................................................................................33 156

5.6.4.1 Desired carrier. ..................................................................................................33 157

5.6.4.1.1 Minimum operating IF carrier input level. ........................................................33 158

5.6.4.1.2 Maximum operating IF carrier input level. .......................................................33 159

5.6.4.2 overload. ............................................................................................................33 160

5.6.5 Noise Figure. .....................................................................................................34 161

5.7 Demodulation. ...................................................................................................34 162

5.7.1 Demodulation requirements. .............................................................................34 163

5.7.2 Acquisition and timing performance requirements. ..........................................34 164

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5.7.2.1 Initial acquisition. ..............................................................................................34 165

5.7.2.2 Reacquisition. ....................................................................................................34 166

5.7.2.3 Bit count integrity. ............................................................................................35 167

5.7.2.4 Synchronization retention. ................................................................................35 168

5.7.2.5 Timing jitter. .....................................................................................................35 169

5.7.2.6 Doppler environment. .......................................................................................35 170

5.7.3 Error performance requirements. ......................................................................35 171

5.7.3.1 Back-to-back error performance. ......................................................................35 172

5.7.3.1.1 CW modulation format. ....................................................................................35 173

5.7.3.1.2 IESS-315. ..........................................................................................................36 174

5.7.3.1.3 NATO STANAG 4486. ....................................................................................36 175

ETSI EN 302 307-1 (DVB-S2). ........................................................................36 176

ETSI EN 302 307–2 (DVB-S2X). ....................................................................36 177

5.7.3.1.6 New modem emulations. ...................................................................................36 178

5.7.3.2 Error performance with adjacent channel interference (ACI). ..........................36 179

Equal symbol-rate ACI scenarios......................................................................36 180

Double symbol rate ACI scenario. ....................................................................38 181

Threshold ES/N0 allowance for ACI. ................................................................39 182

5.7.3.3 Composite power. .............................................................................................40 183

5.7.3.4 Isolation of integrated modulators and demodulators. ......................................41 184

5.8 Modem control and monitoring functions.........................................................41 185

5.8.1 Modem remote control interface. ......................................................................42 186

5.8.2 Control and monitoring parameters. .................................................................42 187

5.8.2.1 Control response times. .....................................................................................42 188

5.8.2.2 Eb/N0 reporting requirements. ............................................................................42 189

5.8.3 Positive modem control. ...................................................................................42 190

6 NOTES .......................................................................................................................43 191

6.1 Intended use. .....................................................................................................43 192

6.2 Acquisition requirements. .................................................................................43 193

6.3 Tailoring guidance. ...........................................................................................43 194

6.4 Subject term (keyword) listing. .........................................................................43 195

6.5 SHF SATCOM standards profile. .....................................................................43 196

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6.6 Changes from previous issue. ...........................................................................43 197

6.7 Background and future guidance. .....................................................................46 198

APPENDIX A NATO STANAG 4486 BACK-TO-BACK ERROR 199

PERFORMANCE ...........................................................................................57 200

A.1 Scope. ................................................................................................................57 201

A.2 Turbo code mode...............................................................................................57 202

APPENDIX B MULTIPLE FREQUENCY – TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE 203

ACCESS (MF-TDMA) ...................................................................................60 204

B.1 Scope. ................................................................................................................60 205

B.2 Ethernet traffic management. ............................................................................60 206

APPENDIX C FREQUENCY HOPPING SPREAD SPECTRUM (FHSS) ...........................61 207

C.1 Scope. ................................................................................................................61 208

C.2 Spectral Confinement. .......................................................................................61 209

C.3 IF Output Level Variation. ................................................................................61 210

C.4 Terminal EIRP Variation. .................................................................................62 211

C.5 Satellite Frequency Response Pre-Compensation. ............................................62 212

APPENDIX D DIRECT SEQUENCE SPREAD SPECTRUM (DSSS) ..................................63 213

D.1 Scope. ................................................................................................................63 214

D.2 ESD Masks and Terminal Certification. ...........................................................63 215

D.3 ESD Definition for Standard Waveforms. ........................................................63 216

D.4 DSSS Spread Factor. .........................................................................................64 217

D.5 ESD Reduction using DSSS. ............................................................................64 218

D.6 Numerical Example. ..........................................................................................65 219

D.7 Discussion. ........................................................................................................65 220

D.7.1 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). ........................................................65 221

CONCLUDING MATERIAL..................................................................................67 222

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FIGURES 226

FIGURE 1. Modem functional overview..................................................................................... 10 228

FIGURE 2. Transmitted IF phase noise mask examples. ............................................................ 24 229

FIGURE 3. Transmission carrier output OFF thresholds. ........................................................... 25 230

FIGURE 4. Modulator output signal spectral density limit mask. .............................................. 27 231

FIGURE 5. Equal symbol rate ACI. ............................................................................................ 38 232

FIGURE 6. Double symbol rate ACI. .......................................................................................... 38 233

FIGURE 7. ACI implementation loss allowances. ...................................................................... 40 234

FIGURE 8. Composite power thresholds. ................................................................................... 41 235

FIGURE 9. SHF SATCOM standards profile. ............................................................................ 45 236

TABLES 239

TABLE I. Transmitted IF phase noise threshold examples. ........................................................ 23 241

TABLE II. Acquisition times for selected data rates. .................................................................. 34 242

TABLE III. Doppler parameters. ................................................................................................. 35 243

TABLE IV. Modem control and monitoring parameters............................................................. 42 244

TABLE V. Background and Future Guidance. ............................................................................ 46 245

TABLE A-I. NATO STANAG 4486 BPSK, QPSK, and OQPSK Performance. ....................... 57 246

TABLE A-II. NATO STANAG 4486 8-PSK Performance. ....................................................... 58 247

TABLE A-III. NATO STANAG 4486 16-ary Performance. ...................................................... 59 248

TABLE D-I. Minimum spread factor values required to support various network sizes. ........... 66 249

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1 SCOPE 252

1.1 Scope. This standard covers phase-shift keying (PSK) modems operating in 253 frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) mode. The requirements specified herein represent 254 the minimum performance specifications required for interoperability; the requirements may be 255 exceeded by equipment developers to satisfy specific service requirements. Thus, incorporating 256 additional standard and nonstandard capabilities and interfaces is not precluded. 257

1.2 Applicability. The interface and performance specifications contained herein 258 apply to satellite modems used to communicate through transponders on the Defense Satellite 259

Communications System (DSCS) and the Wideband Global SATCOM (WGS) system. The 260 military-unique requirements for super highsuperhigh frequency (SHF) SATCOM modems that 261 operate over commercial C-band, Ku-band, and Ka-band apply when the modem is used to 262 provide access to the DoD Information Networks (DoDIN). 263

1.3 Certification authority. The U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command 264

(USASMDC)/Army Forces Strategic Command (ARSTRAT) is the certification authority for the 265

WGS communications system and the DSCS and may be contacted at the following address. 266

U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command 268

Army Forces Strategic Command G-6 269

Consolidated Wideband SATCOM System Expert (C-SSE) 270

350 Vandenberg Street 271

Peterson Air Force Base, CO 80914-2749 272 usarmy.peterson.smdc.list.wideband-engineering2@mail.mil 273

1.4 Additional requirements. USASMDC/ARSTRAT may levy certification 274 requirements in addition to those listed herein. Modem designers/vendors shall coordinate with 275 the certification authority to obtain test requirements specific to their modem. Note that this 276 document is not intended to provide information regarding how to achieve the requirements 277 contained herein; modem designers/vendors should refer to applicable requirements documents 278 issued by USASMDC/ARSTRAT. 279

1.5 Special Types of Modems. Special cases of general requirements are addressed 280 in appendices for specific types of modems, allowing the certification authority to issue a full 281

ETmodem certification for any ETmodem that implements requirements as modified by that 282 specific appendix. The program office, without approval from the certification authority, may 283 instruct a manufacturer to replace a section 5 paragraph with the appropriate appendix paragraph, 284 or to otherwise enforce an appropriate appendix or any appendix paragraphs. 285

1.51.6 Requests to deviate from the standard. If a modem requires deviation from the 286 specifications stated herein, the Government sponsor Program Manager (PM) should process a 287 request to deviate from the standard through the certification authority, in accordance with DoD 288

Manual (DoDM) 4120.24, Defense Standardization Program Procedures. The request should 289 include the mission of the system, the rationale for deviating from the standard, and both the 290 technical and cost impact if the program is not allowed to deviate from the standard. Modems 291 mailto:usarmy.peterson.smdc.list.wideband-engineering2@mail.mil

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that are accepted by the Government sponsor PM without first obtaining approval for deviation 292 from the certification authority are acquired at program risk. 293

2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 294

2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are specified in sections 3, 4, and 5 295 of this standard. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this standard 296 or recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made to 297 ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet all 298 specified requirements of documents cited in sections 3, 4, and 5 of this standard, whether or not 299 they are listed in section 2. 300

2.2 Government documents. 301

2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. The following specifications, 302 standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless 303 otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract. 304

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENTS 306

NATO STANAG 4486 - Super High Frequency (SHF) Military Satellite

Communications (MILSATCOM) Frequency

Division Multiple Access (FDMA) Non-EPM

Modem for Services Conforming to Class-B of

STANAG 4484

NATO AComP-4486 - Super High Frequency (SHF) Military Satellite

Communications (MILSATCOM) Frequency

Division Multiple Access (FDMA) Non-EPM

Modem for Services Conforming to Class-B of

STANAG 4484

(Copies of these documents may be obtained online at http://www.nato.int.) 309

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SPECIFICATIONS 311

A3197423 Specification for OM-73XX Modem Group

(Copies of this document are available from the U.S. Army Communications-Electronic 314

Research, Development and Engineering Center, Space and Terrestrial Communications 315

Directorate, SATCOM Systems Division, Independent Test and Certification Branch (RDER-316

STC-CT), 6690 Raritan Avenue, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005.) 317 http://www.nato.int/

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2.3 Non-Government publications. The following non-Government documents 319 form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the 320 issues of these documents are those listed in solicitation or contract. 321

EUROPEAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ETSI) 323

ETSI EN

302 307-1

- Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second Generation

Framing Structure, Channel Coding and Modulation

Systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News

Gathering and Other Broadband Satellite Applications;

Part 1: DVB-S2

ETSI EN

302 307–2

- Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second Generation

Framing Structure, Channel Coding and Modulation

Systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News

Gathering and Other Broadband Satellite Applications;

Part2: DVB-S2 Extensions (DVB-S2X)

ETSI TS

102 606-1

- Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Generic Stream

Encapsulation (GSE); Part 1: Protocol

(Copies of this document are available online at http://www.etsi.org.) 326

INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS (IEEE) 328

IEEE 802.3ab - IEEE Standard for Information Technology -

Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between

Systems - Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Specific

Requirements. Supplement to Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and

Physical Layer Specifications – Physical Layer Parameters and

Specifications for 1000 Mb/s Operation over Four Pair of

Category 5 Balanced Copper Cabling, Type 1000BASE-T

IEEE 802.3ae IEEE Standard for Information technology – Local and metropolitan area networks – Part 3: CSMA/CD Access

Method and Physical Layer Specifications – Media Access

Control (MAC) Parameters, Physical Layer, and Management

Parameters for 10 Gb/s Operation

IEEE 802.3i IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks -

System Considerations for MultisegmentMulti-segment 10

Mb/S Baseband Networks (Section 13) and Twisted-Pair

Medium Attachment Unit (MAU) and Baseband Medium, Type

10BASE-T (Section 14)

IEEE 802.3u IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks:

Supplement - Media Access Control (MAC) Parameters, Physical Layer, Medium Attachment Units, and Repeater for

100Mb/s Operation, Type 100BASE-T (Clauses 21-30) http://www.etsi.org/

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(Copies of this document are available from www.ieee.org or the IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes 331

Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854-4141.) 332

INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE ORGANIZATION 334

(INTELSAT) EARTH STATION STANDARDS (IESSs) 335

IESS-308 - Performance Characteristics for Intermediate Data Rate

Digital Carriers Using Convolutional Encoding/Viterbi

Encoding and QPSK Modulation (QPSK/IDR)

IESS-309 - Performance Characteristics for INTELSAT Business

Services (IBS)

IESS-310 - Performance Characteristics for Intermediate Data Rate

Digital Carriers Using Rate 2/3 TCM/8PSK and Reed–

Solomon Outer Coding (TCM/IDR)

IESS-315 - Performance Characteristics for VSAT Service Using

Turbo Coding with QPSK/OQPSK Modulation

(Copies of these documents are available from INTELSAT General Communications LLC, 338

7900 Tysons One Place, Suite 12, McLean, VA 22102, telephone +01 703-270-4200, facsimile 339

+01 703-270-4810,Global Service Corporation, 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 340

20008 (202-944-6800) or online at http://www.intelsat.com.) 341

INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE (IETF) 343

RFC-5578 - PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) Extensions for Credit Flow and Link Metrics

(Copies of these documents are available online at https://tools.ietf.org.) 346

TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION (TIA) 348

TIA-422 - Electrical Characteristics of Balanced Voltage Digital

Interface Circuits

TIA-423 - Electrical Characteristics of Unbalanced Voltage Digital

Interface Circuits

TIA-530 - High Speed 25-Position Interface for Data Terminal

Equipment and Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment, Including Alternative 26-Position Connector

TIA-612 - Electrical Characteristics for an Interface at Data

Signaling Rates up to 52 Mbit/s

TIA-613 - High Speed Serial Interface for Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment

(Copies of this document are available online at http://www.tiaonline.org.) 351 http://www.ieee.org/ http://www.intelsat.com/ https://tools.ietf.org/ http://www.tiaonline.org/

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2.3.1 Order of precedence. Unless otherwise noted herein or in the contract, in the 353 event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of 354 this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws 355 and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 356

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3 DEFINITIONS 358

3.1 Definitions of terms. Definitions of terms not listed in this section are as defined 359 in the ATIS Telecom Glossary. 360

3.2 Abbreviations. The abbreviations used in this MIL-STD are defined as follows. 361

8-PSK eight-phase-shift keying

AC alternating current

ACI adjacent channel interference

ACM adaptive coding and modulation

AGC automatic gain control

AH antenna handover

ANSI American National Standards Institute

APSK amplitude-phase-shift keying

ATIS Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions

AUPC automated uplink power control

BCI bit-count integrity

BER bit error ratio

BPSK binary phase-shift keying

C-SSE Consolidated Wideband SATCOM System Expert

C3I command, control, communications, and intelligence

CDMA code-division multiple access

CE constellation error

CSMA/CD carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection

CW continuous wave

DAMA demand-assignment multiple access

DEM distant-end monitoring

DISA Defense Information Systems Agency

DoD Department of Defense

DoDIN Department of Defense Information Networks

DSCS Defense Satellite Communications System

DVB digital video broadcasting

EBEM Enhanced Bandwidth Efficient Modem

EIA Electronic Industries Alliance

ES/N0 Energy per Symbol/Noise

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute

EVM error vector magnitude

FDMA frequency-division multiple access

FEC forward error correction

GSE generic stream encapsulation

GFPHDLC Generic Framing Procedure or Generic Frame Protocolhigh-level data link control

HSSI High Speed Serial Interface

I in-phase component

IBS INTELSAT Business Services

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IDR intermediate data rate

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IESS INTELSAT earth station standard

IETF Internet Engineering Task Force

IF intermediate frequency

INTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite Organization

IP internet protocol

ISO International Organization for Standardization

ITA information throughput adaptation

ITU-T International Telecommunications Union – Telecommunication

Standardization Sector

MIL-STD military standard modcod modulation and code rate combination

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization

OQPSK offset quadrature phase-shift keying

PM program manager

PPP Point-to-Point Protocol

PPPoE Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet

PSD power spectral density

PSK phase-shift keying

Q quadrature-phase component

QEF Quasi Error Free

QPSK quadrature phase-shift keying

RF radio frequency

RMS root mean square

RS Reed–Solomon

Rx reception

SATCOM satellite communications

SHF super high frequency

SOW statement of work

SSB single sideband

STANAG standardization agreement

TDMA time-division multiple access

TIA Telecommunications Industry Association

Tx transmission

VSWR voltage standing-wave ratio

WGS Wideband Global SATCOM

3.3 Accuracy. The degree of conformity of a measured or calculated value to its 364 definition, related to the offset from an ideal value. 365

3.4 Back to back. Refers to intermediate frequency (IF) testing of modems in which 366 two identical modems are used with adequate physical separation to prevent any interaction 367 beyond IF connectivity. 368

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3.5 Bit error ratio (BER). The number of bit errors divided by the total number of 369 transferred bits during a specified time interval. 370

3.6 Data rate (RDRd). The rate at which data traffic, incident upon one or more data 371 interfaces, is transferred across a satellite channel, measured in bits per second (bits/s). 372

3.7 dBc. Ratio of a non-carrier power component to the total power in a carrier, 373 expressed in decibels. 374

3.8 Eb/N0. The ratio of energy per bit to noise power spectral density (PSD) . 375

Converts from ES/N0 using ). 376

𝐸b 𝑁0

𝑅S

𝑅D

𝐸S

𝑁0

3.9 Error vector magnitude (EVM). Sometimes referred to as “constellation error” 379

(CE), EVM is a measurement used to quantify the performance of a digital radio transmitter. 380

EVM is expressed in percent root mean square (RMS) and is computed as follows. 381

𝐸𝑉𝑀 =

NS

∑ 𝐸𝑉𝑀2(kS)

NS − 1

kS = 0

NC

∑ 𝐼ref

2(kC) + 𝑄ref 2(kC)

NC − 1

kC = 0

Where: 385

NS = the number of symbols over which the EVM measurement is taken; 386 kS = the symbol index; 387

NC = the number of constellation points in the modulation waveform = 2mod index; 388 kC = the constellation point index; 389

𝐼ref(kC) = in-phase coordinate of kc indexed ideal constellation point; 390

𝑄ref(kC) = quadrature-phase coordinate of kc indexed ideal constellation point. 391

And 393

𝐸𝑉𝑀(kS) = √𝐼err 2(kS) + 𝑄err

2(kS) 395

Where: 397

𝐼err(kS) = 𝐼actual(kS) − 𝐼ref(kS); 398

𝐼actual(kS) = in-phase coordinate of kS indexed actual constellation point; 399

𝑄err(kS) = 𝑄actual(kS) − 𝑄ref(kS); 400

𝑄actual(kS) = quadrature coordinate of kS indexed actual constellation point. 401

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3.10 ES/N0. The ratio of energy per symbol to noise PSD. Converts from Eb/N0 using 403

𝐸S

𝑁0

𝑅D

𝑅S

𝐸b 𝑁0

3.11 Frequency uncertainty. The difference between a received signal’s expected 407 frequency and its actual frequency. Frequency uncertainty results when 1) a difference in 408 frequency between reference oscillators exists, 2) Doppler effects cause frequency shifts, or 3) 409 frequency setting inaccuracies exist. 410

3.12 Modem emulation. A standardized or otherwise prescribed set of rules 411 governing the signal processing and waveform construction required to produce a conforming 412 modulation waveform. Conformance to specified modem emulations is the basis for waveform-413 level interoperability between modems. 414

3.13 Punctured code. A higher-rate code obtained by periodically deleting bits from a 415 lower-rate code. 416

3.14 Quasi Error Free ES/N0 (QEF ES/N0). The threshold ES/N0 specified for BER = 417

10-10. If the threshold ES/N0 is not specified for BER = 10-10, then it shall be extrapolated from 418 the next higher specified threshold BER at a rate of 0.1 dB of ES/N0 per factor of 10 BER. 419

3.15 Reference ESEb/N0. The ESEb/N0 that corresponds to a referenced BER. 420

Reference ESEb/N0 is used to define underlying conditions relevant to some specified 421 performance. Reference Eb/N0 may be used in place of reference ES/N0 if deemed necessary. 422

3.16 Stability. The degree of conformity of a measured or calculated value to its 423 original value at the beginning of some prescribed time interval, related to the offset from a prior 424 state. 425

3.17 Symbol rate (RS). The rate at which symbols are transferred across a satellite 426 channel, measured in symbols per second (sym/s). 427

3.18 Threshold Eb/N0. The Eb/N0 at which the measured BER must not exceed the 428 specified BER. Threshold Eb/N0 = threshold ES/N0 × RS/RD. 429

3.19 Threshold ES/N0. The ES/N0 at which the measured BER must not exceed the 430 specified BER. Equal to Threshold ES/N0 = threshold Eb/N0 × RD/RS.data rate (Rd)/symbol rate 431

(Rs) 432

4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 433

4.1 Overview. This section defines the subject modem and specifies the conditions 434 under which it operates. A description of general modem transmission, reception, and control 435 and monitor functions is provided in 4.2. The relevant operating environment is described in 4.3; 436

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4.4 describes unique DoD environmental conditions under which the subject modem must 437 operate. 438

4.2 Modem description. A modem shall implement one or more transmission 439 functions and one or more reception functions, along with associated control and monitoring 440 functions. Separate transmission and reception functions shall be implemented as applicable for 441 different applications and asymmetric data rates. A modem functional overview is shown ion 442

FIGURE 1. 443

FIGURE 1. Modem functional overview. 445

4.2.1 Transmission function. The transmission function shall accept data signals from 446 a digital data source and use these digital data signals to modulate an IF carrier in accordance 447 with one or more prescribed modem standards. The transmission function shall then send this IF 448 signal to an IF output interface. Prescribed modem standards define the following transmission 449 functions and components. 450

a. Data input interface(s). 452

b. Provisions for automated power control, where applicable. 454

c. Provisions for adaptive coding and modulation, where applicable. 456

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d. Provisions for supporting distant-end status monitoring, where applicable. 458

e. Internal service channel source. 460

f. Service multiplexer. 462

g. Encryption. 464

h. Scrambling for purposes of data randomization. 466

i. Encoding for mitigation of antenna handover effects, where applicable. 468

j. Differential encoding. 470

k. Forward error correction (FEC) encoding. 472

l. Symbol-level carrier modulation. 474

m. Modulation framing. 476

n. IF output interface. 478

4.2.2 Reception function. The reception function shall receive an IF signal from an IF 479 input interface. The reception function shall then demodulate this IF signal in accordance with 480 one or more prescribed modem standards. The reception function shall then send data and, if 481 necessary, timing derived from the data, to a digital data sink. Prescribed modem standards 482 define the following reception functions and components. 483

a. IF input interface. 485

b. Modulation de-framing. 487

c. Symbol-level carrier demodulation. 489

d. FEC decoding. 491

e. Differential decoding. 493

f. Decoding for mitigation of antenna handover effects, where applicable. 495

g. Descrambling for purposes of data de-randomization. 497

h. Decryption. 499

i. Service demultiplexer. 501

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j. Internal service channel sink. 503

k. Provisions for distant-end status monitoring, where applicable. 505

l. Provisions for supporting distant-end adaptive coding and modulation, where 507 applicable. 508

m. Provisions for supporting distant-end automated power control, where applicable. 510

n. Data output interface(s). 512

4.2.3 Control and monitoring functions. The modem shall interface with external 513 controlling and monitoring components. 514

4.3 Operational conditions. Unless otherwise specified, the requirements specified 515 in this MIL-STD shall be met over the range of environmental conditions specified by the 516 relevant procuring authority. 517

4.4 Environmental perturbation. Active links shall not suffer loss of bit or packet 518 count integrity, when the modem is subject to the following conditions at the ESEb/N0 required 519 for a1 × 10−10 BER performance of 10−10, over the range of environmental conditions specified 520 by the procuring authority. This shall include as a minimum. 521

a. Exposure to temperature deviation. The temperature range shall include the lowest 523 and highest operating temperatures. The rate of temperature change between extremes shall be 524

22 °C per hour. 525

b. Exposure to vibration. 527

c. Exposure to shock on the outside surface of the modem, simulating maintenance, 529 operator or other external action on the modem. 530

a. Vibration with an input frequency varied between 50 and 2,000 Hz and with a constant 532 input acceleration of 14.7 m/s2 (peak). 533

b. A shock caused by the impact of a test hammer on the outside surface of the 535 equipment housing the conversion circuitry, simulating a maintenance or operator action on the 536 reception function subsystem. The test hammer shall be a 1-lb (453.59-g) weight attached to an 537

8-in (20.32-cm) arm pivoted from a rigid support and free to move through a vertical plane. The 538 striking face shall be covered with a 0.5-in (1.27-cm) thickness of open-cell sponge rubber that 539 has a density of 0.027 lb/in3 (747.43 kg/m3) and a compression deflection of 7–14 lbf/in2 540

(4921–9843 kg/m2) for 25-percent deflection. The shock shall be produced by releasing the 541 hammer to swing freely through a 90° arc; the hammer shall impact the enclosure at the bottom 542 of its swing. 543

5 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS 544

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5.1 Overview. This section provides detailed requirements that address every major 545 modem interface, subsystem, and performance category, as follows. 546

a. Frequency reference (5.2). 548

b. Baseband interfaces (5.3). 550

c. Modem emulations (5.4). 552

d. IF output interface (5.5). 554

e. IF input interface (5.6). 556

f. Demodulation performance (5.7). 558

g. Modem control Control and monitoring functions (5.8). 560

5.2 Frequency reference. Modems shall accept an external frequency reference 562 signal as follows. 563

a. Signal type: sinusoidal. 565

b. Frequency: either 5 MHz or 10 MHz, at least one or the other. 567

c. Input impedance: 50 Ω (nominal). 569

d. Input signal level: +6 to +16 dBm. 571

e. Maximum VSWR: 1.5:1. 573

Modems shall include an internal frequency reference for accuracy and stability when an 575 external frequency reference signal is not present. 576

5.3 Baseband interfaces. In 5.3.1–5.3.3, modem baseband traffic interfaces are 577 defined in terms of data rates and their granularity, mandatory Internet Protocol (IP)-centric 578

Ethernet data interfaces, and optional legacy serial interfaces. 579

5.3.1 Data rates. The data rate resolution for all modems shall be in 1-bit-per-second 580 increments. The minimum and maximum data rates shall be specified by the procuring 581 authority. 582

5.3.2 Ethernet data interfaces. Modems that implement Ethernet data interfaces 583 shall be implementedimplement 10/100/1000Base-T in accordance with 584

a. IEEE 802.3iIEEE 802.3i (10Base-T), IEEE 802.3uIEEE 802.3u (100Base-T) and 586

IEEE 802.3abIEEE 802.3ab (1000Base-T);). 587

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5.3.2.1 or IEEE 802.3ae (10 Gigabit IP encapsulation. IP encapsulation for 589

Ethernet). 590

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5.3.2.1 Radio-router signaling. Messaging between modem and router is useful for 594 signaling 595

Link establishment and termination; 596

Link quality metrics; 597

Flow control. 598

As such, it is recommended that the modem implement one or more data interfaces shall 600 conform to at least one of the following Radio-to-Router Interfaces (R2RI) to exchange such 601 signaling with the router. methods. 602 a.RFC 5578 (PPPoE with credit flow and link metrics extensions); 603 b.R2CP (Radio-Router Control Protocol using 802.1Q VLANs) 604 c.DLEP (Dynamic Link Exchange Protocol). 605

For flow control alone, it is recommended that the external LAN interface be compliant with the 607 optional MAC Control protocol of section 31 of the Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 standard for real‐time 608 flow control. As a minimum, the modem shall accept and exercise Ethernet pause frames for 609 flow control. 610

b. Generic Stream Encapsulation (GSE) in accordance with TS 102 606-1 V1.2.1 612

"Generic Stream Encapsulation (GSE); Part 1: Protocol" dated 07/2014. 613

c. High-level data link control (HDLC) in accordance with NATO STANAG 4486, 615

Annex on EBEM Systems, Appendix on EBEM Baseband Processing – General 616

Requirements, sections on Ethernet frame encapsulation and Idle packet insertion. 617

5.3.2.2 Ethernet flow control. When implementing radio aware routing, for the sake of 619 adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) or otherwise, modems that implement Ethernet data 620 interfaces shall support PPPoE with extensions introduced in RFC-5578 for credit-based session 621 flow control and session-based link metric quality reports. 622

5.3.3 Serial data interfaces. When equipped with serial data interfaces, the modem 623 shall operate with one or more baseband data interfaces that conform to one or more of the 624 formats described in 5.3.3.1–5.3.3.3, as selected by the procuring authority. 625

5.3.3.1 High Speed Serial Interface. High Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) shall be in 626 accordance with TIA-612 and TIA-613. 627

5.3.3.2 Balanced serial. Balanced serial with electrical characteristics shall be in 628 accordance with TIA-422; mechanical characteristics shall be in accordance with TIA-530. 629

5.3.3.3 Unbalanced serial. Unbalanced serial with electrical characteristics shall be in 630 accordance with TIA-423; mechanical characteristics shall be in accordance with TIA-530. 631

5.4 Modem emulations. 632

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a. In 5.4.1–5.4.6, modem emulations are defined, where possible, by referencing military 634 or commercial modem standards. The list of modem emulations begins with continuous wave 635

(CW), a trivial case necessary for test and diagnostic purposes. In 5.4.2–5.4.5, fourIn 5.4.2–636

5.4.9, eight explicit modem emulations are generally defined by referencing external standards. 637

In 5.4.6, provisions for introducing additional modem emulations beyond those indicated here 638 are described. 639

b. The modem shall implement one or more of the following modem emulations in 641 accordance with the prescribed standards as indicated in 5.4.1–5.4.5,5.4.1–5.4.10, subject to the 642 determination of the procuring authority. 643

c. Each modem emulation implemented shall include provisions for uncoded operation 645 of every modulation format employed. 646

5.4.1 Continuous wave. The modem shall be able to output an unmodulated signal. 648

This emulation is mandatory.