PWS 2.0_k_CFR Title 14 Part 91.pdf

SUBCHAPTER F—AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING

RULES

PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING

AND FLIGHT RULES

SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION NO.

50–2

SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION NO.

SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION NO.

SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION NO.

SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION NO.

118–2

Subpart A—General

Sec.

91.1 Applicability.

91.3 Responsibility and authority of the

pilot in command.

91.5 Pilot in command of aircraft requiring

more than one required pilot.

91.7 Civil aircraft airworthiness.

91.9 Civil aircraft flight manual, marking, and placard requirements.

91.11 Prohibition on interference with crew-

members.

91.13 Careless or reckless operation.

91.15 Dropping objects.

91.17 Alcohol or drugs.

91.19 Carriage of narcotic drugs, marihuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or substances.

91.21 Portable electronic devices.

91.23 Truth-in-leasing clause requirement in

leases and conditional sales contracts.

91.25 Aviation Safety Reporting Program:

Prohibition against use of reports for en-forcement purposes.

91.27–91.99 [Reserved]

Subpart B—Flight Rules

GENERAL

91.101 Applicability.

91.103 Preflight action.

91.105 Flight crewmembers at stations.

91.107 Use of safety belts, shoulder har-

nesses, and child restraint systems.

91.109 Flight instruction; Simulated instru-

ment flight and certain flight tests.

91.111 Operating near other aircraft.

91.113 Right-of-way rules: Except water op-

erations.

91.115 Right-of-way rules: Water operations.

91.117 Aircraft speed.

91.119 Minimum safe altitudes: General.

91.121 Altimeter settings.

91.123 Compliance with ATC clearances and

instructions.

91.125 ATC light signals.

91.126 Operating on or in the vicinity of an

airport in Class G airspace.

91.127 Operating on or in the vicinity of an

airport in Class E airspace.

91.129 Operations in Class D airspace.

91.130 Operations in Class C airspace.

91.131 Operations in Class B airspace.

91.133 Restricted and prohibited areas.

91.135 Operations in Class A airspace.

91.137 Temporary flight restrictions in the

vicinity of disaster/hazard areas.

91.138 Temporary flight restrictions in na-

tional disaster areas in the State of Ha-waii.

91.139 Emergency air traffic rules.

91.141 Flight restrictions in the proximity

of the Presidential and other parties.

91.143 Flight limitation in the proximity of

space flight operations.

91.144 Temporary restriction on flight oper-

ations during abnormally high baro-metric pressure conditions.

91.145 Management of aircraft operations in

the vicinity of aerial demonstrations and major sporting events.

91.146 Passenger-carrying flights for the

benefit of a charitable, nonprofit, or community event.

91.147 Passenger carrying flights for com-

pensation or hire.

91.148–91.149 [Reserved]

VISUAL FLIGHT RULES

91.151 Fuel requirements for flight in VFR

conditions.

91.153 VFR flight plan: Information re-

quired.

91.155 Basic VFR weather minimums.

91.157 Special VFR weather minimums.

91.159 VFR cruising altitude or flight level.

91.161 Special awareness training required

for pilots flying under visual flight rules within a 60-nautical mile radius of the Washington, DC VOR/DME.

91.162–91.165 [Reserved]

INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES

91.167 Fuel requirements for flight in IFR

conditions.

91.169 IFR flight plan: Information required.

91.171 VOR equipment check for IFR oper-

ations.

91.173 ATC clearance and flight plan re-

quired.

91.175 Takeoff and landing under IFR.

91.176 Straight-in landing operations below

DA/DH or MDA using an enhanced flight vision system (EFVS) under IFR.

91.177 Minimum altitudes for IFR oper-

ations.

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B

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 91

91.179 IFR cruising altitude or flight level.

91.180 Operations within airspace des-

ignated as Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum airspace.

91.181 Course to be flown.

91.183 IFR communications.

91.185 IFR operations: Two-way radio com-

munications failure.

91.187 Operation under IFR in controlled

airspace: Malfunction reports.

91.189 Category II and III operations: Gen-

eral operating rules.

91.191 Category II and Category III manual.

91.193 Certificate of authorization for cer-

tain Category II operations.

91.195–91.199 [Reserved]

Subpart C—Equipment, Instrument, and Certificate Requirements

91.201 [Reserved]

91.203 Civil aircraft: Certifications required.

91.205 Powered civil aircraft with standard

category U.S. airworthiness certificates:

Instrument and equipment requirements.

91.207 Emergency locator transmitters.

91.209 Aircraft lights.

91.211 Supplemental oxygen.

91.213 Inoperative instruments and equip-

ment.

91.215 ATC transponder and altitude report-

ing equipment and use.

91.217 Data correspondence between auto-

matically reported pressure altitude data and the pilot’s altitude reference.

91.219 Altitude alerting system or device:

Turbojet-powered civil airplanes.

91.221 Traffic alert and collision avoidance

system equipment and use.

91.223 Terrain awareness and warning sys-

tem.

91.225 Automatic Dependent Surveillance-

Broadcast (ADS–B) Out equipment and use.

91.227 Automatic Dependent Surveillance-

Broadcast (ADS–B) Out equipment per-formance requirements.

91.228–91.299 [Reserved]

Subpart D—Special Flight Operations

91.301 [Reserved]

91.303 Aerobatic flight.

91.305 Flight test areas.

91.307 Parachutes and parachuting.

91.309 Towing: Gliders and unpowered ultra-

light vehicles.

91.311 Towing: Other than under § 91.309.

91.313 Restricted category civil aircraft: Op-

erating limitations.

91.315 Limited category civil aircraft: Oper-

ating limitations.

91.317 Provisionally certificated civil air-

craft: Operating limitations.

91.319 Aircraft having experimental certifi-

cates: Operating limitations.

91.321 Carriage of candidates in elections.

91.323 Increased maximum certificated

weights for certain airplanes operated in Alaska.

91.325 Primary category aircraft: Operating

limitations.

91.326 [Reserved]

91.327 Aircraft having a special airworthi-

ness certificate in the light-sport cat-egory: Operating limitations.

91.328–91.399 [Reserved]

Subpart E—Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations

91.401 Applicability.

91.403 General.

91.405 Maintenance required.

91.407 Operation after maintenance, preven-

tive maintenance, rebuilding, or alter-ation.

91.409 Inspections.

91.410 [Reserved]

91.411 Altimeter system and altitude report-

ing equipment tests and inspections.

91.413 ATC transponder tests and inspec-

tions.

91.415 Changes to aircraft inspection pro-

grams.

91.417 Maintenance records.

91.419 Transfer of maintenance records.

91.421 Rebuilt engine maintenance records.

91.423–91.499 [Reserved]

Subpart F—Large and Turbine-Powered Multiengine Airplanes and Fractional Ownership Program Aircraft

91.501 Applicability.

91.503 Flying equipment and operating in-

formation.

91.505 Familiarity with operating limita-

tions and emergency equipment.

91.507 Equipment requirements: Over-the-

top or night VFR operations.

91.509 Survival equipment for overwater op-

erations.

91.511 Communication and navigation

equipment for overwater operations.

91.513 Emergency equipment.

91.515 Flight altitude rules.

91.517 Passenger information.

91.519 Passenger briefing.

91.521 Shoulder harness.

91.523 Carry-on baggage.

91.525 Carriage of cargo.

91.527 Operating in icing conditions.

91.529 Flight engineer requirements.

91.531 Second in command requirements.

91.533 Flight attendant requirements.

91.535 Stowage of food, beverage, and pas-

senger service equipment during aircraft movement on the surface, takeoff, and landing.

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–21 Edition) Pt. 91

91.537–91.599 [Reserved]

Subpart G—Additional Equipment and Op-erating Requirements for Large and Transport Category Aircraft

91.601 Applicability.

91.603 Aural speed warning device.

91.605 Transport category civil airplane

weight limitations.

91.607 Emergency exits for airplanes car-

rying passengers for hire.

91.609 Flight data recorders and cockpit

voice recorders.

91.611 Authorization for ferry flight with

one engine inoperative.

91.613 Materials for compartment interiors.

91.615–91.699 [Reserved]

Subpart H—Foreign Aircraft Operations and Operations of U.S.-Registered Civil Aircraft Outside of the United States;

and Rules Governing Persons on Board Such Aircraft

91.701 Applicability.

91.702 Persons on board.

91.703 Operations of civil aircraft of U.S.

registry outside of the United States.

91.705 [Reserved]

91.706 Operations within airspace designed

as Reduced Vertical Separation Min-imum Airspace.

91.707 Flights between Mexico or Canada

and the United States.

91.709 Operations to Cuba.

91.711 Special rules for foreign civil air-

craft.

91.713 Operation of civil aircraft of Cuban

registry.

91.715 Special flight authorizations for for-

eign civil aircraft.

91.717–91.799 [Reserved]

Subpart I—Operating Noise Limits

91.801 Applicability: Relation to part 36.

91.803 Part 125 operators: Designation of ap-

plicable regulations.

91.805 Final compliance: Subsonic airplanes.

91.807–91.813 [Reserved]

91.815 Agricultural and fire fighting air-

planes: Noise operating limitations.

91.817 Civil aircraft sonic boom.

91.819 Civil supersonic airplanes that do not

comply with part 36.

91.821 Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise lim-

its.

91.823–91.849 [Reserved]

91.851 Definitions.

91.853 Final compliance: Civil subsonic air-

planes.

91.855 Entry and nonaddition rule.

91.857 Stage 2 operations outside of the 48

contiguous United States.

91.858 Special flight authorizations for non-

revenue Stage 2 operations.

91.859 Modification to meet Stage 3, Stage

4, or Stage 5 noise levels.

91.861 Base level.

91.863 Transfers of Stage 2 airplanes with

base level.

91.865 Phased compliance for operators with

base level.

91.867 Phased compliance for new entrants.

91.869 Carry-forward compliance.

91.871 Waivers from interim compliance re-

quirements.

91.873 Waivers from final compliance.

91.875 Annual progress reports.

91.877 Annual reporting of Hawaiian oper-

ations.

91.879–91.880 [Reserved]

91.881 Final compliance: Civil subsonic jet

airplanes weighing 75,000 pounds or less.

91.883 Special flight authorizations for jet

airplanes weighing 75,000 pounds or less.

91.884–91.899 [Reserved]

Subpart J—Waivers

91.901 [Reserved]

91.903 Policy and procedures.

91.905 List of rules subject to waivers.

91.907–91.999 [Reserved]

Subpart K—Fractional Ownership Operations

91.1001 Applicability.

91.1002 Compliance date.

91.1003 Management contract between

owner and program manager.

91.1005 Prohibitions and limitations.

91.1007 Flights conducted under part 121 or

part 135 of this chapter.

91.1009 Clarification of operational control.

91.1011 Operational control responsibilities

and delegation.

91.1013 Operational control briefing and ac-

knowledgment.

91.1014 Issuing or denying management

specifications.

91.1015 Management specifications.

91.1017 Amending program manager’s man-

agement specifications.

91.1019 Conducting tests and inspections.

91.1021 Internal safety reporting and inci-

dent/accident response.

91.1023 Program operating manual require-

ments.

91.1025 Program operating manual contents.

91.1027 Recordkeeping.

91.1029 Flight scheduling and locating re-

quirements.

91.1031 Pilot in command or second in com-

mand: Designation required.

91.1033 Operating information required.

91.1035 Passenger awareness.

91.1037 Large transport category airplanes:

Turbine engine powered; Limitations;

Destination and alternate airports.

91.1039 IFR takeoff, approach and landing

minimums.

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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 91

91.1041 Aircraft proving and validation

tests.

91.1043 [Reserved]

91.1045 Additional equipment requirements.

91.1047 Drug and alcohol misuse education

program.

91.1049 Personnel.

91.1050 Employment of former FAA employ-

ees.

91.1051 Pilot safety background check.

91.1053 Crewmember experience.

91.1055 Pilot operating limitations and pair-

ing requirement.

91.1057 Flight, duty and rest time require-

ments; All crewmembers.

91.1059 Flight time limitations and rest re-

quirements: One or two pilot crews.

91.1061 Augmented flight crews.

91.1062 Duty periods and rest requirements:

Flight attendants.

91.1063 Testing and training: Applicability

and terms used.

91.1065 Initial and recurrent pilot testing

requirements.

91.1067 Initial and recurrent flight attend-

ant crewmember testing requirements.

91.1069 Flight crew: Instrument proficiency

check requirements.

91.1071 Crewmember: Tests and checks, grace provisions, training to accepted standards.

91.1073 Training program: General.

91.1075 Training program: Special rules.

91.1077 Training program and revision: Ini-

tial and final approval.

91.1079 Training program: Curriculum.

91.1081 Crewmember training requirements.

91.1083 Crewmember emergency training.

91.1085 Hazardous materials recognition

training.

91.1087 Approval of aircraft simulators and

other training device.

91.1089 Qualifications: Check pilots (air-

craft) and check pilots (simulator).

91.1091 Qualifications: Flight instructors

(aircraft) and flight instructors (simu-lator).

91.1093 Initial and transition training and

checking: Check pilots (aircraft), check pilots (simulator).

91.1095 Initial and transition training and

checking: Flight instructors (aircraft), flight instructors (simulator).

91.1097 Pilot and flight attendant crew-

member training programs.

91.1099 Crewmember initial and recurrent

training requirements.

91.1101 Pilots: Initial, transition, and up-

grade ground training.

91.1103 Pilots: Initial, transition, upgrade, requalification, and differences flight training.

91.1105 Flight attendants: Initial and transi-

tion ground training.

91.1107 Recurrent training.

91.1109 Aircraft maintenance: Inspection

program.

91.1111 Maintenance training.

91.1113 Maintenance recordkeeping.

91.1115 Inoperable instruments and equip-

ment.

91.1411 Continuous airworthiness mainte-

nance program use by fractional owner-ship program manager.

91.1413 CAMP: Responsibility for airworthi-

ness.

91.1415 CAMP: Mechanical reliability re-

ports.

91.1417 CAMP: Mechanical interruption

summary report.

91.1423 CAMP: Maintenance organization.

91.1425 CAMP: Maintenance, preventive

maintenance, and alteration programs.

91.1427 CAMP: Manual requirements.

91.1429 CAMP: Required inspection per-

sonnel.

91.1431 CAMP: Continuing analysis and sur-

veillance.

91.1433 CAMP: Maintenance and preventive

maintenance training program.

91.1435 CAMP: Certificate requirements.

91.1437 CAMP: Authority to perform and ap-

prove maintenance.

91.1439 CAMP: Maintenance recording re-

quirements.

91.1441 CAMP: Transfer of maintenance

records.

91.1443 CAMP: Airworthiness release or air-

craft maintenance log entry.

Subpart L—Continued Airworthiness and Safety Improvements

91.1501 Purpose and definition.

91.1503 [Reserved]

91.1505 Repairs assessment for pressurized

fuselages.

91.1507 Fuel tank system inspection pro-

gram.

Subpart M—Special Federal Aviation Regulations

91.1603 Special Federal Aviation Regulation

No. 112—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Tripoli Flight Information Region (FIR) (HLLL).

91.1605 Special Federal Aviation Regulation

No. 77—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Baghdad Flight Informa-tion Region (FIR) (ORBB).

91.1607 Special Federal Aviation Regulation

No. 113—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in Specified Areas of the Dnipropetrovsk Flight Information Re-gion (FIR) (UKDV).

§ 91.1609 Special Federal Aviation Regula-tion No. 114—Prohibition Against Cer-tain Flights in the Damascus Flight In-formation Region (FIR) (OSTT).

91.1611 Special Federal Aviation Regulation

No. 115—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in Specified Areas of the Sanaa Flight Information Region (FIR) (OYSC).

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–21 Edition) Pt. 91, SFAR No. 50–2

91.1613 Special Federal Aviation Regulation

No. 107—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Territory and Airspace of Somalia.

91.1615 Special Federal Aviation Regulation

No. 79—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Pyongyang Flight Infor-mation Region (FIR) (ZKKP).

91.1617 Special Federal Aviation Regulation

No. 117—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Tehran Flight Information Region (FIR) (OIIX).

Subpart N—Mitsubishi MU–2B Series Spe-cial Training, Experience, and Oper-ating Requirements

91.1701 Applicability.

91.1703 Compliance and eligibility.

91.1705 Required pilot training.

91.1707 Training program hours.

91.1709 Training program approval.

91.1711 Aeronautical experience.

91.1713 Instruction, checking, and evalua-

tion.

91.1715 Currency requirements and flight re-

view.

91.1717 Operating requirements.

91.1719 Credit for prior training.

91.1721 Incorporation by reference.

APPENDIX A TO PART 91—CATEGORY II OPER-

ATIONS: MANUAL, INSTRUMENTS, EQUIP-

MENT, AND MAINTENANCE

APPENDIX B TO PART 91—AUTHORIZATIONS TO

EXCEED MACH 1 (§ 91.817)

APPENDIX C TO PART 91 [RESERVED]

APPENDIX D TO PART 91—AIRPORTS/LOCA-

TIONS: SPECIAL OPERATING RESTRICTIONS

APPENDIX E TO PART 91—AIRPLANE FLIGHT

RECORDER SPECIFICATIONS

APPENDIX F TO PART 91—HELICOPTER FLIGHT

RECORDER SPECIFICATIONS

APPENDIX G TO PART 91—OPERATIONS IN RE-

DUCED VERTICAL SEPARATION MINIMUM

(RVSM) AIRSPACE

AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40101, 40103, 40105, 40113, 40120, 44101, 44111, 44701, 44704, 44709, 44711, 44712, 44715, 44716, 44717, 44722, 46306, 46315, 46316, 46504, 46506–46507, 47122, 47508, 47528–47531, 47534, Pub. L. 114–190, 130 Stat. 615 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note); articles 12 and 29 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (61 Stat. 1180), (126 Stat. 11).

SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION

NO. 50–2—SPECIAL FLIGHT RULES IN

THE VICINITY OF THE GRAND CANYON

NATIONAL PARK, AZ

Section 1. Applicability. This rule prescribes special operating rules for all persons oper-ating aircraft in the following airspace, des-ignated as the Grand Canyon National Park Special Flight Rules Area:

That airspace extending upward from the surface up to but not including 14,500 feet

MSL within an area bounded by a line begin-ning at lat. 36°09′30″ N., long. 114°03′00″ W.;

northeast to lat. 36°14′00″ N., long. 113°09′50″ W.; thence northeast along the boundary of the Grand Canyon National Park to lat.

36°24′47″ N., long. 112°52′00″ W.; to lat. 36°30′30″ N., long. 112°36′15″ W. to lat. 36°21′30″ N., long.

112°00′00″ W. to lat. 36°35′30″ N., long. 111°53′10″ W., to lat. 36°53′00″ N., long. 111°36′45″ W. to lat. 36°53′00″ N., long. 111°33′00″ W.; to lat.

36°19′00″ N., long. 111°50′50″ W.; to lat. 36°17′00″ N., long. 111°42′00″ W.; to lat. 35°59′30″ N., long. 111°42′00″ W.; to lat. 35°57′30″ N., long.

112°03′55″ W.; thence counterclockwise via the 5 statute mile radius of the Grand Canyon Airport airport reference point (lat. 35°57′09″ N., long. 112°08′47″ W.) to lat. 35°57′30″ N., long. 112°14′00″ W.; to lat. 35°57′30″ N., long.

113°11′00″ W.; to lat. 35°42′30″ N., long.

113°11′00″ W.; to 35°38′30″ N.; long. 113°27′30″ W.; thence counterclockwise via the 5 stat-ute mile radius of the Peach Springs VORTAC to lat. 35°41′20″ N., long. 113°36′00″ W.; to lat. 35°55′25″ N., long. 113°49′10″ W.; to lat. 35°57′45″ N., 113°45′20″ W.; thence north-west along the park boundary to lat. 36°02′20″ N., long. 113°50′15″ W.; to 36°00′10″ N., long.

113°53′45″ W.; thence to the point of begin-ning.

Section 3. Aircraft operations: general. Ex-cept in an emergency, no person may operate an aircraft in the Special Flight Rules, Area under VFR on or after September 22, 1988, or under IFR on or after April 6, 1989, unless the operation—

(a) Is conducted in accordance with the fol-lowing procedures:

NOTE: The following procedures do not re-lieve the pilot from see-and-avoid responsi-bility or compliance with FAR 91.119.

(1) Unless necessary to maintain a safe dis-tance from other aircraft or terrain—

(i) Remain clear of the areas described in Section 4; and

(ii) Remain at or above the following alti-tudes in each sector of the canyon:

Eastern section from Lees Ferry to North Canyon and North Canyon to Boundary Ridge: as prescribed in Section 5.

Boundary Ridge to Supai Point (Yumtheska Point): 10,000 feet MSL.

Western section from Diamond Creek to the Grant Wash Cliffs: 8,000 feet MSL.

(2) Proceed through the four flight cor-ridors describe in Section 4 at the following altitudes unless otherwise authorized in writing by the responsible Flight Standards office:

Northbound

11,500 or 13,500 feet MSL

Southbound

>10,500 or >12,500 feet MSL

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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 91, SFAR No. 50–2

(b) Is authorized in writing by the respon-sible Flight Standards office and is con-ducted in compliance with the conditions contained in that authorization. Normally authorization will be granted for operation in the areas described in Section 4 or below the altitudes listed in Section 5 only for op-erations of aircraft necessary for law en-forcement, firefighting, emergency medical treatment/evacuation of persons in the vicin-ity of the Park; for support of Park mainte-nance or activities; or for aerial access to and maintenance of other property located within the Special Flight Rules Area. Au-thorization may be issued on a continuing basis.

(c)(1) Prior to November 1, 1988, is con-ducted in accordance with a specific author-ization to operate in that airspace incor-porated in the operator’s part 135 operations specifications in accordance with the provi-sions of SFAR 50–1, notwithstanding the pro-visions of Sections 4 and 5; and

(2) On or after November 1, 1988, is con-ducted in accordance with a specific author-ization to operate in that airspace incor-porated in the operated in the operator’s op-erations specifications and approved by the responsible Flight Standards office in ac-cordance with the provisions of SFAR 50–2.

(d) Is a search and rescue mission directed by the U.S. Air Force Rescue Coordination Center.

(e) Is conducted within 3 nautical miles of Whitmore Airstrip, Pearce Ferry Airstrip, North Rim Airstrip, Cliff Dwellers Airstrip, or Marble Canyon Airstrip at an altitudes less than 3,000 feet above airport elevation, for the purpose of landing at or taking off from that facility. Or

(f) Is conducted under an IFR clearance and the pilot is acting in accordance with ATC instructions. An IFR flight plan may not be filed on a route or at an altitude that would require operation in an area described in Section 4.

Section 4. Flight-free zones. Except in an emergency or if otherwise necessary for safe-ty of flight, or unless otherwise authorized by the responsible Flight Standards office for a purpose listed in Section 3(b), no person may operate an aircraft in the Special Flight Rules Area within the following areas:

(a) Desert View Flight-Free Zone. Within an area bounded by a line beginning at Lat.

35°59′30″ N., Long. 111°46′20″ W. to 35°59′30″ N., Long. 111°52′45″ W.; to Lat. 36°04′50″ N., Long.

111°52′00″ W.; to Lat. 36°06′00″ N., Long.

111°46′20″ W.; to the point of origin; but not including the airspace at and above 10,500 feet MSL within 1 mile of the western bound-ary of the zone. The area between the Desert View and Bright Angel Flight-Free Zones is designated the ‘‘Zuni Point Corridor.’’

(b) Bright Angel Flight-Free Zone. Within an area bounded by a line beginning at Lat.

35°59′30″ N., Long. 111°55′30″ W.; to Lat.

35°59′30″ N., Long. 112°04′00″ W.; thence coun-terclockwise via the 5 statute mile radius of the Grand Canyon Airport point (Lat.

35°57′09″ N., Long. 112°08′47″ W.) to Lat.

36°01′30″ N., Long. 112°11′00″ W.; to Lat.

36°06′15″ N., Long. 112°12′50″ W.; to Lat.

36°14′40″ N., Long. 112°08′50″ W.; to Lat.

36°14′40″ N., Long. 111°57′30″ W.; to Lat.

36°12′30″ N., Long. 111°53′50″ W.; to the point of origin; but not including the airspace at and above 10,500 feet MSL within 1 mile of the eastern boundary between the southern boundary and Lat. 36°04′50″ N. or the airspace at and above 10,500 feet MSL within 2 miles of the northwest boundary. The area bounded by the Bright Angel and Shinumo Flight- Free Zones is designated the ‘‘Dragon Cor-ridor.’’

(c) Shinumo Flight-Free Zone. Within an area bounded by a line beginning at Lat.

36°04′00″ N., Long. 112°16′40″ W.; northwest along the park boundary to a point at Lat.

36°12′47″ N., Long. 112°30′53″ W.; to Lat.

36°21′15″ N., Long. 112°20′20″ W.; east along the park boundary to Lat. 36°21′15″ N., Long.

112°13′55″ W.; to Lat. 36°14′40″ N., Long.

112°11′25″ W.; to the point of origin. The area between the Thunder River/Toroweap and Shinumo Flight Free Zones is designated the ‘‘Fossil Canyon Corridor.’’

(d) Toroweap/Thunder River Flight-Free Zone. Within an area bounded by a line be-ginning at Lat. 36°22′45″ N., Long. 112°20′35″ W.; thence northwest along the boundary of the Grand Canyon National Park to Lat.

36°17′48″ N., Long. 113°03′15″ W.; to Lat.

36°15′00″ N., Long. 113°07′10″ W.; to Lat.

36°10′30″ N., Long. 113°07′10″ W.; thence east along the Colorado River to the confluence of Havasu Canyon (Lat. 36°18′40″ N., Long.

112°45′45″ W.;) including that area within a 1.5 nautical mile radius of Toroweap Overlook (Lat. 36°12′45″ N., Long. 113°03′30″ W.); to the point of origin; but not including the fol-lowing airspace designated as the ‘‘Tuckup Corridor’’: at or above 10,500 feet MSL within 2 nautical miles either side of a line extend-ing between Lat. 36°24′47″ N., Long. 112°48′50″ W. and Lat. 36°17′10″ N., Long. 112°48′50″ W.; to the point of origin.

Section 5. Minimum flight altitudes. Except in an emergency or if otherwise necessary for safety of flight, or unless otherwise au-thorized by the responsible Flight Standards office for a purpose listed in Section 3(b), no person may operate an aircraft in the Spe-cial Flight Rules Area at an altitude lower than the following:

(a) Eastern section from Lees Ferry to North Canyon: 5,000 feet MSL.

(b) Eastern section from North Canyon to Boundary Ridge: 6,000 feet MSL.

(c) Boundary Ridge to Supai (Yumtheska) Point: 7,500 feet MSL.

(d) Supai Point to Diamond Creek: 6,500 feet MSL.

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–21 Edition) Pt. 91, SFAR No. 60

(e) Western section from Diamond Creek to the Grand Wash Cliffs: 5,000 feet MSL.

Section 9. Termination date. Section 1. Ap-plicability, Section 4, Flight-free zones, and Section 5. Minimum flight altitudes, expire on April 19, 2001.

NOTE: [Removed]

[66 FR 1003, Jan. 4, 2001, as amended at 66 FR 16584, Mar. 26, 2001; 72 FR 9846, Mar. 6, 2007;

Docket FAA–2018–0119, Amdt. 91–350, 83 FR 9171, Mar. 5, 2018]

SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION

NO. 60—AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYS-

TEM EMERGENCY OPERATION

1. Each person shall, before conducting any operation under the Federal Aviation Regu-lations (14 CFR chapter I), be familiar with all available information concerning that op-eration, including Notices to Airmen issued under § 91.139 and, when activated, the provi-sions of the National Air Traffic Reduced Complement Operations Plan available for inspection at operating air traffic facilities and Regional air traffic division offices, and the General Aviation Reservation Program.

No operator may change the designated air-port of intended operation for any flight con-tained in the October 1, 1990, OAG.

2. Notwithstanding any provision of the Federal Aviation Regulations to the con-trary, no person may operate an aircraft in the Air Traffic Control System:

a. Contrary to any restriction, prohibition, procedure or other action taken by the Di-rector of the Office of Air Traffic Systems Management (Director) pursuant to para-graph 3 of this regulation and announced in a Notice to Airmen pursuant to § 91.139 of the Federal Aviation Regulations.

b. When the National Air Traffic Reduced Complement Operations Plan is activated pursuant to paragraph 4 of this regulation, except in accordance with the pertinent pro-visions of the National Air Traffic Reduced Complement Operations Plan.

3. Prior to or in connection with the imple-mentation of the RCOP, and as conditions warrant, the Director is authorized to:

a. Restrict, prohibit, or permit VFR and/or IFR operations at any airport, Class B air-space area, Class C airspace area, or other class of controlled airspace.

b. Give priority at any airport to flights that are of military necessity, or are medical emergency flights, Presidential flights, and flights transporting critical Government em-ployees.

c. Implement, at any airport, traffic man-agement procedures, that may include reduc-tion of flight operations. Reduction of flight operations will be accomplished, to the ex-tent practical, on a pro rata basis among and between air carrier, commercial operator, and general aviation operations. Flights can-celled under this SFAR at a high density traffic airport will be considered to have been operated for purposes of part 93 of the Federal Aviation Regulations.

4. The Director may activate the National Air Traffic Reduced Complement Operations Plan at any time he finds that it is necessary for the safety and efficiency of the National Airspace System. Upon activation of the RCOP and notwithstanding any provision of the FAR to the contrary, the Director is au-thorized to suspend or modify any airspace designation.

5. Notice of restrictions, prohibitions, pro-cedures and other actions taken by the Di-rector under this regulation with respect to the operation of the Air Traffic Control sys-tem will be announced in Notices to Airmen issued pursuant to § 91.139 of the Federal Aviation Regulations.

6. The Director may delegate his authority under this regulation to the extent he con-siders necessary for the safe and efficient op-eration of the National Air Traffic Control System.

(Authority: 49 U.S.C. app. 1301(7), 1303, 1344, 1348, 1352 through 1355, 1401, 1421 through 1431, 1471, 1472, 1502, 1510, 1522, and 2121 through 2125; articles 12, 29, 31, and 32(a) of the Convention on International Civil Avia-tion (61 stat. 1180); 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.; E.O.

11514, 35 FR 4247, 3 CFR, 1966–1970 Comp., p.

902; 49 U.S.C. 106(g))

[Doc. No. 26351, 55 FR 40760, Oct. 4, 1990, as amended by Amdt. 91–227, 56 FR 65652, Dec.

17, 1991]

SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION

NO. 97—SPECIAL OPERATING RULES

FOR THE CONDUCT OF INSTRUMENT

FLIGHT RULES (IFR) AREA NAVIGA-

TION (RNAV) OPERATIONS USING

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS

(GPS) IN ALASKA

Those persons identified in Section 1 may conduct IFR en route RNAV operations in the State of Alaska and its airspace on pub-lished air traffic routes using TSO C145a/ C146a navigation systems as the only means of IFR navigation. Despite contrary provi-sions of parts 71, 91, 95, 121, 125, and 135 of this chapter, a person may operate aircraft in accordance with this SFAR if the fol-lowing requirements are met.

Section 1. Purpose, use, and limitations

a. This SFAR permits TSO C145a/C146a GPS (RNAV) systems to be used for IFR en route operations in the United States air-space over and near Alaska (as set forth in paragraph c of this section) at Special Min-imum En Route Altitudes (MEA) that are outside the operational service volume of ground-based navigation aids, if the aircraft

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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 91, SFAR No. 97 operation also meets the requirements of sections 3 and 4 of this SFAR.

b. Certificate holders and part 91 operators may operate aircraft under this SFAR pro-vided that they comply with the require-ments of this SFAR.

c. Operations conducted under this SFAR are limited to United States Airspace within and near the State of Alaska as defined in the following area description:

From 62°00′00.000″ N, Long. 141°00′00.00″ W.;

to Lat. 59°47′54.11″ N., Long. 135°28′38.34″ W.;

to Lat. 56°00′04.11″ N., Long. 130°00′07.80″ W.;

to Lat. 54°43′00.00″ N., Long. 130°37′00.00″ W.;

to Lat. 51°24′00.00″ N., Long. 167°49′00.00″ W.;

to Lat. 50°08′00.00″ N., Long. 176°34′00.00″ W.;

to Lat. 45°42′00.00″ N., Long. ¥162°55′00.00″ E.;

to Lat. 50°05′00.00″ N., Long. ¥159°00′00.00″ E.;

to Lat. 54°00′00.00″ N., Long. ¥169°00′00.00″ E.;

to Lat. 60°00 00.00″ N., Long. ¥180°00′ 00.00″ E;

to Lat. 65°00′00.00″ N., Long. 168°58′23.00″ W.;

to Lat. 90°00′00.00″ N., Long. 00°00′0.00″ W.; to Lat. 62°00′00.000″ N, Long. 141°00′00.00″ W.

(d) No person may operate an aircraft under IFR during the en route portion of flight below the standard MEA or at the spe-cial MEA unless the operation is conducted in accordance with sections 3 and 4 of this

SFAR.

Section 2. Definitions and abbreviations

For the purposes of this SFAR, the fol-lowing definitions and abbreviations apply.

Area navigation (RNAV). RNAV is a method of navigation that permits aircraft oper-ations on any desired flight path.

Area navigation (RNAV) route. RNAV route is a published route based on RNAV that can be used by suitably equipped aircraft.

Certificate holder. A certificate holder means a person holding a certificate issued under part 119 or part 125 of this chapter or holding operations specifications issued under part 129 of this chapter.

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).

GNSS is a world-wide position and time de-termination system that uses satellite rang-ing signals to determine user location. It en-compasses all satellite ranging technologies, including GPS and additional satellites.

Components of the GNSS include GPS, the Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite Sys-tem, and WAAS satellites.

Global Positioning System (GPS). GPS is a satellite-based radio navigational, posi-tioning, and time transfer system. The sys-tem provides highly accurate position and velocity information and precise time on a continuous global basis to properly equipped users.

Minimum crossing altitude (MCA). The min-imum crossing altitude (MCA) applies to the operation of an aircraft proceeding to a high-er minimum en route altitude when crossing specified fixes.

Required navigation system. Required navi-gation system means navigation equipment that meets the performance requirements of TSO C145a/C146a navigation systems certified for IFR en route operations.

Route segment. Route segment is a portion of a route bounded on each end by a fix or

NAVAID.

Special MEA. Special MEA refers to the minimum en route altitudes, using required navigation systems, on published routes out-side the operational service volume of ground-based navigation aids and are de-picted on the published Low Altitude and High Altitude En Route Charts using the color blue and with the suffix ‘‘G.’’ For ex-ample, a GPS MEA of 4000 feet MSL would be depicted using the color blue, as 4000G.

Standard MEA. Standard MEA refers to the minimum en route IFR altitude on published routes that uses ground-based navigation aids and are depicted on the published Low Altitude and High Altitude En Route Charts using the color black.

Station referenced. Station referenced refers to radio navigational aids or fixes that are referenced by ground based navigation facili-ties such as VOR facilities.

Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS).

WAAS is an augmentation to GPS that cal-culates GPS integrity and correction data on the ground and uses geo-stationary satellites to broadcast GPS integrity and correction data to GPS/WAAS users and to provide ranging signals. It is a safety critical system consisting of a ground network of reference and integrity monitor data processing sites to assess current GPS performance, as well as a space segment that broadcasts that as-sessment to GNSS users to support en route through precision approach navigation.

Users of the system include all aircraft ap-plying the WAAS data and ranging signal.

Section 3. Operational Requirements

To operate an aircraft under this SFAR, the following requirements must be met:

a. Training and qualification for oper-ations and maintenance personnel on re-quired navigation equipment used under this

SFAR.

b. Use authorized procedures for normal, abnormal, and emergency situations unique to these operations, including degraded navi-gation capabilities, and satellite system out-ages.

c. For certificate holders, training of flight crewmembers and other personnel authorized to exercise operational control on the use of those procedures specified in paragraph b of this section.

d. Part 129 operators must have approval from the State of the operator to conduct op-erations in accordance with this SFAR.

e. In order to operate under this SFAR, a certificate holder must be authorized in op-erations specifications.

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–21 Edition) Pt. 91, SFAR No. 104

Section 4. Equipment Requirements

a. The certificate holder must have prop-erly installed, certificated, and functional dual required navigation systems as defined in section 2 of this SFAR for the en route op-erations covered under this SFAR.

b. When the aircraft is being operated under part 91, the aircraft must be equipped with at least one properly installed, certifi-cated, and functional required navigation system as defined in section 2 of this SFAR for the en route operations covered under this SFAR.

Section 5. Expiration date

This Special Federal Aviation Regulation will remain in effect until rescinded.

[Doc. No. FAA–2003–14305, 68 FR 14077, Mar.

21, 2003]

SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION

NO. 104—PROHIBITION AGAINST CER-

TAIN FLIGHTS BY SYRIAN AIR CAR-

RIERS TO THE UNITED STATES

1. Applicability. This Special Federal Avia-tion Regulation (SFAR) No. 104 applies to any air carrier owned or controlled by Syria that is engaged in scheduled international air services.

2. Special flight restrictions. Except as pro-vided in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this SFAR No.

104, no air carrier described in paragraph 1 may take off from or land in the territory of the United States.

3. Permitted operations. This SFAR does not prohibit overflights of the territory of the United States by any air carrier described in paragraph 1.

4. Emergency situations. In an emergency that requires immediate decision and action for the safety of the flight, the pilot in com-mand of an aircraft of any air carrier de-scribed in paragraph 1 may deviate from this SFAR to the extent required by that emer-gency. Each person who deviates from this rule must, within 10 days of the deviation, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and Federal holidays, submit to the responsible Flight Standards office a complete report of the op-erations or the aircraft involved in the devi-ation, including a description of the devi-ation and the reasons therefor.

5. Duration. This SFAR No. 104 will remain in effect until further notice.

[Doc. No. FAA–2004–17763, 69 FR 31719, June 4, 2004, as amended by Docket FAA–2018–0119, Amdt. 91–350, 83 FR 9171, Mar. 5, 2018]

SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION

NO. 118–2—RELIEF FOR CERTAIN

PERSONS DURING THE NATIONAL

EMERGENCY CONCERNING THE NOVEL

CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID–19)

PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY

For the text of SFAR No. 118–2, see part 61 of this chapter.

[Docket No. FAA–2020–0446, Amdt. No. 91–360, 85 FR 62975, Oct. 6, 2020]]

EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: By Docket No.

FAA–2020–0446, Amdt. No. 91–360, 85 FR 62975, Oct. 6, 2020, SFAR 118–2 to part 91 was added, effective Oct. 1, 2020 through Apr. 30, 2021.

Subpart A—General

SOURCE: Docket No. 18334, 54 FR 34292, Aug.

18, 1989, unless otherwise noted.

§ 91.1 Applicability.

(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c), (e), and (f) of this section and §§ 91.701 and 91.703, this part prescribes rules governing the operation of air-craft within the United States, includ-ing the waters within 3 nautical miles of the U.S. coast.

(b) Each person operating an aircraft in the airspace overlying the waters be-tween 3 and 12 nautical miles from the coast of the United States must com-ply with §§ 91.1 through 91.21; §§ 91.101 through 91.143; §§ 91.151 through 91.159;

§§ 91.167 through 91.193; § 91.203; § 91.205;

§§ 91.209 through 91.217; § 91.221, § 91.225;

§§ 91.303 through 91.319; §§ 91.323 through 91.327; § 91.605; § 91.609; §§ 91.703 through 91.715; and § 91.903.

(c) This part applies to each person on board an aircraft being operated under this part, unless otherwise speci-fied.

(d) This part also establishes require-ments for operators to take actions to support the continued airworthiness of each airplane.

(e) This part does not apply to any aircraft or vehicle governed by part 103 of this chapter, or subparts B, C, or D of part 101 of this chapter.

(f) Except as provided in §§ 107.13, 107.27, 107.47, 107.57, and 107.59 of this chapter, this part does not apply to any

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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 91.13 aircraft governed by part 107 of this chapter.

[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34292, Aug. 18, 1989, as amended by Amdt. 91–257, 64 FR 1079, Jan. 7, 1999; Amdt. 91–282, 69 FR 44880, July 27, 2004;

Amdt. 91–297, 72 FR 63410, Nov. 8, 2007; Amdt.

91–314, 75 FR 30193, May 28, 2010; Docket FAA–2015–0150, Amdt. 91–343, 81 FR 42208, June 28, 2016]

§ 91.3 Responsibility and authority of the pilot in command.

(a) The pilot in command of an air-craft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft.

(b) In an in-flight emergency requir-ing immediate action, the pilot in com-mand may deviate from any rule of this part to the extent required to meet that emergency.

(c) Each pilot in command who devi-ates from a rule under paragraph (b) of this section shall, upon the request of the Administrator, send a written re-port of that deviation to the Adminis-trator.

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 2120–0005)

§ 91.5 Pilot in command of aircraft re-quiring more than one required pilot.

No person may operate an aircraft that is type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember unless the pilot in command meets the requirements of § 61.58 of this chapter.

§ 91.7 Civil aircraft airworthiness.

(a) No person may operate a civil air-craft unless it is in an airworthy condi-tion.

(b) The pilot in command of a civil aircraft is responsible for determining whether that aircraft is in condition for safe flight. The pilot in command shall discontinue the flight when un-airworthy mechanical, electrical, or structural conditions occur.

§ 91.9 Civil aircraft flight manual, marking, and placard requirements.

(a) Except as provided in paragraph

(d) of this section, no person may oper-ate a civil aircraft without complying with the operating limitations speci-fied in the approved Airplane or Rotor-craft Flight Manual, markings, and placards, or as otherwise prescribed by the certificating authority of the coun-try of registry.

(b) No person may operate a U.S.-reg-istered civil aircraft—

(1) For which an Airplane or Rotor-craft Flight Manual is required by § 21.5 of this chapter unless there is available in the aircraft a current, approved Air-plane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual or the manual provided for in § 121.141(b);

and

(2) For which an Airplane or Rotor-craft Flight Manual is not required by § 21.5 of this chapter, unless there is available in the aircraft a current ap-proved Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual, approved manual material, markings, and placards, or any com-bination thereof.

(c) No person may operate a U.S.-reg-istered civil aircraft unless that air-craft is identified in accordance with part 45 of this chapter.

(d) Any person taking off or landing a helicopter certificated under part 29 of this chapter at a heliport con-structed over water may make such momentary flight as is necessary for takeoff or landing through the prohib-ited range of the limiting height-speed envelope established for the helicopter if that flight through the prohibited range takes place over water on which a safe ditching can be accomplished and if the helicopter is amphibious or is equipped with floats or other emer-gency flotation gear adequate to ac-complish a safe emergency ditching on open water.

§ 91.11 Prohibition on interference with crewmembers.

No person may assault, threaten, in-timidate, or interfere with a crew-member in the performance of the crewmember’s duties aboard an air-craft being operated.

§ 91.13 Careless or reckless operation.

(a) Aircraft operations for the purpose of air navigation. No person may oper-ate an aircraft in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger the life or property of another.

(b) Aircraft operations other than for the purpose of air navigation. No person may operate an aircraft, other than for the purpose of air navigation, on any

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–21 Edition) § 91.15 part of the surface of an airport used by aircraft for air commerce (including areas used by those aircraft for receiv-ing or discharging persons or cargo), in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger the life or property of an-other.

§ 91.15 Dropping objects.

No pilot in command of a civil air-craft may allow any object to be dropped from that aircraft in flight that creates a hazard to persons or property. However, this section does not prohibit the dropping of any object if reasonable precautions are taken to avoid injury or damage to persons or property.

§ 91.17 Alcohol or drugs.

(a) No person may act or attempt to act as a crewmember of a civil air-craft—

(1) Within 8 hours after the consump-tion of any alcoholic beverage;

(2) While under the influence of alco-hol;

(3) While using any drug that affects the person’s faculties in any way con-trary to safety; or

(4) While having an alcohol con-centration of 0.04 or greater in a blood or breath specimen. Alcohol concentra-tion means grams of alcohol per deci-liter of blood or grams of alcohol per 210 liters of breath.

(b) Except in an emergency, no pilot of a civil aircraft may allow a person who appears to be intoxicated or who demonstrates by manner or physical indications that the individual is under the influence of drugs (except a med-ical patient under proper care) to be carried in that aircraft.

(c) A crewmember shall do the fol-lowing:

(1) On request of a law enforcement officer, submit to a test to indicate the alcohol concentration in the blood or breath, when—

(i) The law enforcement officer is au-thorized under State or local law to conduct the test or to have the test conducted; and

(ii) The law enforcement officer is re-questing submission to the test to in-vestigate a suspected violation of State or local law governing the same or sub-stantially similar conduct prohibited by paragraph (a)(1), (a)(2), or (a)(4) of this section.

(2) Whenever the FAA has a reason-able basis to believe that a person may have violated paragraph (a)(1), (a)(2), or (a)(4) of this section, on request of the FAA, that person must furnish to the FAA the results, or authorize any clin-ic, hospital, or doctor, or other person to release to the FAA, the results of each test taken within 4 hours after acting or attempting to act as a crew-member that indicates an alcohol con-centration in the blood or breath speci-men.

(d) Whenever the Administrator has a reasonable basis to believe that a per-son may have violated paragraph (a)(3) of this section, that person shall, upon request by the Administrator, furnish the Administrator, or authorize any clinic, hospital, doctor, or other person to release to the Administrator, the re-sults of each test taken within 4 hours after acting or attempting to act as a crewmember that indicates the pres-ence of any drugs in the body.

(e) Any test information obtained by the Administrator under paragraph (c) or (d) of this section may be evaluated in determining a person’s qualifica-tions for any airman certificate or pos-sible violations of this chapter and may be used as evidence in any legal proceeding under section 602, 609, or 901 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958.

[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34292, Aug. 18, 1989, as amended by Amdt. 91–291, June 21, 2006]

§ 91.19 Carriage of narcotic drugs, marihuana, and depressant or stim-ulant drugs or substances.

(a) Except as provided in paragraph

(b) of this section, no person may oper-ate a civil aircraft within the United States with knowledge that narcotic drugs, marihuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or substances as de-fined in Federal or State statutes are carried in the aircraft.

(b) Paragraph (a) of this section does not apply to any carriage of narcotic drugs, marihuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or substances author-ized by or under any Federal or State statute or by any Federal or State agency.

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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 91.23

§ 91.21 Portable electronic devices.

(a) Except as provided in paragraph

(b) of this section, no person may oper-ate, nor may any operator or pilot in command of an aircraft allow the oper-ation of, any portable electronic device on any of the following U.S.-registered civil aircraft:

(1) Aircraft operated by a holder of an air carrier operating certificate or an operating certificate; or

(2) Any other aircraft while it is op-erated under IFR.

(b) Paragraph (a) of this section does not apply to—

(1) Portable voice recorders;

(2) Hearing aids;

(3) Heart pacemakers;

(4) Electric shavers; or

(5) Any other portable electronic de-vice that the operator of the aircraft has determined will not cause inter-ference with the navigation or commu-nication system of the aircraft on which it is to be used.

(c) In the case of an aircraft operated by a holder of an air carrier operating certificate or an operating certificate, the determination required by para-graph (b)(5) of this section shall be made by that operator of the…