J.8 LAC-IEE-20-70 (Citizen Security Increased (DO1)).pdf

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

PROJECT DATA

Project Name: Development Objective 1: Citizen Security

Increased for Vulnerable Populations in Urban, High-Crime Areas

Geographic Location(s) (Country/Region): Honduras Amendment (Yes/No), if Yes indicate # (1) No Implementation Start/End Date (FY or M/D/Y):

May 30th, 2020 - September 30th, 2026

If Amended, specify New End Date: N/A Solicitation/Contract/Award Number(s): N/A Implementing Partner(s): N/A Bureau Tracking ID: LAC-IEE-20-70 Tracking ID of Related RCE/IEE (if any): LAC-IEE-19-52; LAC-IEE-16-10 Tracking ID of Other, Related Analyses:

ORGANIZATIONAL/ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

Implementing Operating Unit(s):

(e.g. Mission or Bureau or Office)

USAID Honduras

Other Affected Operating Unit(s): None Lead BEO Bureau: LAC Funding Account(s) (if available): N/A Original Funding Amount: $ 221,567,669 If Amended, specify funding amount: N/A If Amended, specify new funding: N/A Prepared by: Sofia Mendez Date Prepared: April 27, 2020

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE REVIEW DATA

Analysis Type: ☒Environmental

Examination ☐Deferral

Environmental Determination(s): ☒Categorical Exclusion(s) ☒Negative ☐Positive ☐Deferred (per 22 CFR 216.3(a)(7)(iv)

IEE Expiration Date (if applicable): September 30th, 2025 Additional Analyses/Reporting Required:

N/A

Climate Risks Identified (#): Low: 6 Moderate: 2 High: 0 Climate Risks Addressed (#): Low: 6 Moderate: 2 High:

THRESHOLD DETERMINATION AND SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

PROJECT SUMMARY

The USAID/Honduras Development Objective 1 (DO1) Project “Citizen security increased for vulnerable populations in urban, high-crime areas (further referred to as “the Project” or DO1) is designed to increase the citizen security for populations in high-crime areas in Honduras. DO1 is based on the premise that if the resilience of communities and individuals to crime is increased and the performance of national and municipal security and justice systems is improved, then citizen security for populations in urban, high-crime areas will increase. The Project focuses on the geographic areas and populations most vulnerable to violence and migration, with a special focus on youth.

This Initial Environmental Examination Document (IEE) document’s purpose is to provide a preliminary review of the reasonably foreseeable effects on the environment of the USAID intervention described herein. The document also recommends determinations and, as appropriate, conditions, for these activities and their actions, in accordance with Title 22, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 216.

The IEE covers a total of eight activities, this includes six activities included in the LAC-IEE-19- 52, and incorporates two new activities as defined by the DO1 Team. This IEE replaces LAC- IEE-19-52 and LAC-IEE-16-10 in their entirety. The COVID-19 related new activities, and specific actions not included in the LAC-IEE-20-37 Programmatic Initial Environment Examination Document (PIEE) shall be included in the USAID/Honduras Mission Supplemental Initial Environment Examination Document (SIIE) document.

ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATIONS

Upon approval of this document, the determinations become affirmed, per Agency regulations

(22 CFR 216).

TABLE I: ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATIONS

Activities Categorical

Exclusion Citation (if applicable)

Negativ e Determi nation

Positive Determinatio n1

Deferral2

Action Type 1: Provide specialized technical assistance to enhance organizational capacity of the Government of Honduras (GOH), Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), schools, private sector and other relevant stakeholders to deter violence in communities.

Activities: SID, JAC, SBV, Unidos, EF, IOM, LW, SE

22 CFR 216.2 (c)(2)(i) ☐ ☐ ☐

Action Type 2: Facilitate and strengthen multi-stakeholder coalitions to foster citizen engagement in supporting and holding the security and justice sector accountable. Specific actions include forums, graduate programs, mentoring support in strategic planning.

Activities: SID, JAC, SBV, Unidos, EF, IOM, LW, SE

22 CFR 216.2 (c)(2) (i) and (iii)

Action Type 3: Provide training, mentoring and other capacity building to youth to increase protective factors for at-risk youth.

This also includes training and capacity building to CSOs to develop their skills in community prevention actions.

Activities: SID, JAC, SBV, Unidos, EF, IOM, LW, SE

22 CFR 216.2 (c)(2)(i) ☐ ☐ ☐

1 Positive Determinations require preparation of a Scoping Statement and Environmental Assessment.

2 Deferrals must be cleared through an Amendment to this IEE prior to implementation of any deferred activities.

Action Type 4: Support studies, analysis and other academic research workshops and meetings aimed at generating information to monitor access to justice and violence prevention trends and results. This also includes violence prevention through investments in early warning systems.

Activities: AC, SBV, Unidos, EF, IOM, LW, SE

22 CFR 216.2 (c)(2)(iii) ☐ ☐ ☐

Action Type 5: Construction and maintenance of areas smaller than 1000 m2, to make them structurally safe, conducive to learning and having reduced areas where violence may be perpetrated. This also includes small-scale renovation of facilities planned for support to judicial, investigation prosecution and other services related to increasing resilience of communities and individuals to crime.

Activities: SID, SE, IOM

Action Type 6: Facilitate linkages among local actors in SWM

Activity: LW

Action Type 7.a: Sub-awards used to support training, technical assistance, planning, and studies.

Activities: Unidos, EF, IOM, LW, SE

22 CFR 216.2 (c)(2)(i) and (iii)

Action Type 7.b: Sub-awards used for small-scale (less than 1000 m2) construction of existing structures.

Activities: Unidos, IOM, SE

Action Type 7.c: Sub-awards used to provide basic equipment such as computers, printers etc.

Activities: JAC, SBV, Unidos, EF, IOM, LW, SE

CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT

In accordance with Executive Order 13677 on Climate-Resilient International Development, as of September 2016, all USAID projects and activities require being managed for climate risks. The Climate Risk Management (CRM) process was undertaken and from this the Mission Environmental Officer and Climate Integration Lead determined that the climate risk is low for those activities within the DO1 Project Appraisal Document (PAD) as described in section 1.3; except for the small-scale refurbishing and the solid waste management actions which are considered moderate.

The low climate risk indicates climate change is unlikely to materially impact achievement or sustainability of project or activity outcomes. The moderate climate risk indicates that the activity will need to incorporate actions to mitigate risk. In the case of SWM it also presents an opportunity to mitigate GreenHouse Gases production. These opportunities need to be further identified in the EMMP at the activity level. The “Climate Risk Screening and Management Tool for Project” is included as Annex 1.

BEO SPECIFIED CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL

None

IMPLEMENTATION

In accordance with 22 CFR 216 and Agency policy, the conditions and requirements of this document become mandatory upon approval. This includes the relevant limitations, conditions and requirements in this document as stated in Sections 3, 4, and 5 of the IEE and any BEO Specified Conditions of Approval.

USAID APPROVAL OF INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

PROJECT NAME: Development Objective 1: Citizen Security Increased for Vulnerable Populations in Urban, High-Crime Areas

Bureau Tracking ID: LAC-IEE-20-70

Approval: l Andrew McKim, Acting Mission Director Date

Clearance: Cleared by e-mail May 27, Mariella- Ruiz Rodriguez, EDO Office Chief Date

Clearance: Cleared by e-mail May 26, Michelle Linder, DG Office Chief Date

Clearance: Cleared by e-mail May 22, Gabriela Leva, DOTL1 Date

Clearance: Cleared by e-mail May 27, Peter Hearne, Mission Environmental Officer and Climate Integration Lead

Date

Clearance: Cleared by e-mail June 9, 2020 Michelle Dworkin, Program Officer Date

Clearance: Cleared by e-mail June 17,2020

Andrew McKim, Acting Deputy Mission Director Date

Clearance: Cleared by e-mail July 8,2020 Jeff de Graffenried, Interim- Regional Environmental Advisor Date

Concurrence Diana Shannon, Bureau Environmental Officer Date

DISTRIBUTION: Mission Project Staff

Andrew McKim

Digitally signed by Andrew McKim Date: 2020.07.16 08:59:17 -06'00'

Table of Content

INITIAL ENVIRONMENT EXAMINATION

Project Data 1 Organizational/Administrative Data 1 Environmental Compliance Review Data 1

THRESHOLD DETERMINATION AND SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 1

PROJECT SUMMARY 2

ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATIONS 2

TABLE I: ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATIONS 3

CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT 5

BEO SPECIFIED CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL 5

IMPLEMENTATION 5

USAID APPROVAL OF INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION 6

DISTRIBUTION: 6

Table of Content 7

1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 9

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE IEE 9

1.2 PROJECT OVERVIEW 9

1.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 10

TABLE II: DO1 ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION 12

2.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION 14

2.1 LOCATIONS AFFECTED AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT(Environment, Physical, Climate, Social, Threatened and Endangered Species) 15

2.2 APPLICABLE AND APPROPRIATE PARTNER COUNTRY AND OTHER

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS (E.G. WHO), ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL LAWS,

POLICIES, AND REGULATIONS 15

3.0 ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RISK 16

TABLE III: DO1 Activity Potential Risks and Mitigation Measures 16

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATIONS 21

4.1 RECOMMENDED ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATIONS 21

TABLE IV: ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATIONS 21

4.2 CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT 23

5.0 CONDITIONS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 23

5.1 CONDITIONS 23

5.1.1 During Pre-Award: 24

5.1.2 During Post-Award: 24

5.2 AGENCY CONDITIONS 25

6.0 LIMITATIONS OF THIS INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION 26

7.0 REVISIONS 27

ATTACHMENTS: 27

Annex 1: Climate Risk Management Summary Table for Projects 27 Annex 2: EMMP Template English and Spanish 27

1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE IEE

The purpose of this Initial Environmental Examination Document (IEE) for Honduras’ DO1 activities is to provide a preliminary review of the reasonably foreseeable effects on the environment of the USAID intervention described herein. The document also recommends determinations and, as appropriate, conditions, for these activities and their actions, in accordance with Title 22, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 216 (22 CFR 216). This IEE provides the environmental analysis of these activities and their actions in accordance with the

22 CFR 216).

The IEE includes six activities included in the LAC-IEE-19-52, and incorporates two new activities as defined by the DO1 Team. This IEE replaces LAC-IEE-19-52 and LAC-IEE-16-10 entirely. The COVID-19 related new activities, and specific actions not included in the LAC-IEE- 20-37 Programmatic Initial Environment Examination Document (PIEE) shall be included in the USAID/Honduras Mission Supplemental Initial Environment Examination Document (SIIE) document.

This IEE is a critical element of USAID’s mandatory environmental review and compliance process meant to achieve environmentally sound design, efficient implementation, and foster sustainability in USAID’s activities. Potential environmental impacts should be addressed through formal environmental mitigation and monitoring plans (EMMPs) and/or if needed Environmental Assessments (EAs).

Upon approval, these determinations become affirmed, and specified conditions become mandatory obligations of implementation. This IEE also documents the results of the Climate Risk Management process in accordance with USAID policy (specifically, ADS 201mal).

1.2 PROJECT OVERVIEW

The Total Estimated Cost (TEC) for the DO1 Project is $ 221,567,669. The Project seeks to increase citizen security in urban high-crime areas in Honduras, as a means to curb irregular migration. DO1 focuses on urban high-crime areas of Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula, Choloma, Tela, and La Ceiba. The Project has made significant investments in modeling, and advancing the violence prevention agenda with GOH, donors, local organizations, academia, and other relevant stakeholders. This has included advancing both socio-ecological and public health models of violence reduction and prevention in support of government and civil society efforts which yielded declines in the intentional homicide rates of target interventions areas by about 20% more than the national average (44 homicides per hundred thousand in 20193). The Project also spearheaded risk-differentiated violence prevention approaches across a spectrum of interventions with positive results, including family counseling, school-based violence prevention strategies, individually-focused youth workforce readiness, group cognitive behavior therapy, among other positive youth development strategies. USAID/Honduras also invested in community-based prevention committees, improving safety in schools and other community-led

3 Instituto Universitario en Democracia, Paz y Seguridad (IUDPAS), Boletin 2019.

https://www.usaid.gov/our_work/environment/compliance/22cfr216 https://www.usaid.gov/ads/policy/200/201mal initiatives which fostered social cohesion and led to participatory neighborhood infrastructure focused on crime prevention. Furthermore, interventions also included strengthening local government responsiveness and relational (community) policing opportunities to create an environment conducive for participatory, sustainable citizen security strategies.

This new IEE will absorb activities covered by LAC-IEE-19-52, namely: Security Infrastructure Development (SID), Community and Municipal Development for Citizen Security (JAC), School-based Violence Prevention Program (SBV), Justice, Human Rights and Security Strengthening Activity (UNIDOS), Workforce Development Activity (EF), and Integrated Responses on Migration from Central America (IOM), as well as their threshold decisions. The DO1 team determined to include two new activities into the Project to achieve its goal. Although some of the actions in these activities are included in LAC-IEE-19-52 and LAC-IEE-16-10, the Mission Environment Officers (MEOs) decided to create a new IEE under the advice of the Regional Environment Advisor (REA) and Bureau Environment Officer (BEO) to ease transition into the new CDCS. The new activities entitled “Integrated Prevention Activity (Sembrando Esperanza)” and “Generating Green Economic Opportunities through Local Partnerships to deter Migration (Local Works)” are further described in section 1.3.

1.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

USAID/Honduras has analyzed targeted high-crime areas and implemented prevention strategies to improve community dynamics and increase communities’ ability to both prevent and respond to crime and violence. DO1 has two main results:

Project Result 1 “Resilience of Communities and Individuals to Crime Increased” will be realized through advances in two interrelated Intermediate Results (IRs):

IR 1.1: Community Structures that Mitigate against Crime Improved

a) Sub-IR 1.1.1: Public Infrastructure Improved

b) Sub-IR 1.1.2: Community Networks and Systems Strengthened IR 1.2: Quality Services that Protect against Violence Increased

a) Sub-IR 1.2.1: Key Risk-Reduction Services for Family and Individuals Increased

b) Sub-IR 1.2.2: Community Development for Youth Increased

Project Result 2 “Performance of National and Municipal Security Systems Improved” will be realized through advances in three interrelated IRs:

IR 2.1: Citizen Engagement with the Security and Justice Sector Improved IR 2.2: Efficiency of the Security and Justice Systems Improved

a) Sub-IR 2.2.1: Investigation of Select Crimes Increased

b) Sub-IR 2.2.2: Prosecution Strengthened

c) Sub-IR 2.2.3: Judicialization Improved

IR 2.3: Effective Community Police Presence Increased

a) Sub-IR 3.2.2: Oversight of service delivery and public policies/programs improved

To facilitate environmental analysis, this document has identified primary action types. The action type is not an individual undertaking. Every action type includes elements which may cause similar environmental effects, and therefore need similar monitoring and mitigation measures. The action types identified for the DO1 include:

Action Type 1: Provide specialized technical assistance to enhance organizational capacity of GOH, Civil Society Organization (CSOs), schools, private sector and other relevant stakeholders to deter violence in communities. Illustrative actions include: expert advisory services on organizational development for example improving advocacy and policy dialogue within line ministries to help address security-enhanced service delivery in their planning, development of organizational policy and procedure, development of management systems.

Action Type 2: Facilitate and strengthen multi-stakeholder coalitions to foster citizen engagement in supporting and holding the security and justice sector accountable. Specific actions include forums, graduate programs, mentoring support in strategic planning to increase linkages between citizen’s access to service provisions such as training, organizing focus groups and other meetings, and supporting community-based organizations and networks that facilitate citizens engagement to service providers.

Action Type 3: Provide training, mentoring and other capacity building to youth to increase protective factors for at-risk youth. This also includes training and capacity building to CSOs to develop their skills in community prevention actions. Actions include promoting school-based violence prevention programs, implementation of evidence-based behavior change methodologies such as communication campaigns, strengthening secondary and alternative education and vocational training through mentoring networks and linkages to employment opportunities, expanding access to life skills and other non-formal programs, promoting access to education, counselling, employability and other services for at-risk youth.

Action Type 4: Support studies, analysis and other academic research workshops and meetings aimed at generating information to monitor access to justice and violence prevention trends and results. This also includes violence prevention through investments in early warning systems. Specific actions include: analysis to promote youth involvement in sports music and arts program, promote participation in youth councils and parliaments, creating network of community mentors, piloting new community-based reintegration methodologies

Action Type 5: Refurbishing and maintenance of areas smaller than 1000 m2, to make them structurally safe, conducive to learning and having reduced areas where violence may be perpetrated. This also includes small-scale renovation of facilities planned for support to judicial, investigation, prosecution and other services related to increasing resilience of communities and individuals to crime. Specific infrastructure using security-enhanced designs, including but not limited to parks, community gardens, recreational spaces, safe public transportation stops, pedestrian access, improved street lighting, paved crosswalks, school improvements, positive signage, and outreach and rehabilitation spaces.

Action Type 6: Support the Solid Waste Management (SWM) efforts in local communities by facilitating linkages among key actors and enabling the private sector to implement market-driven solutions; and facilitating new partnerships. Most actions would be training, forums, meetings, hiring of experts to create campaigns and strengthening local actors through capacity building actions to improve service provision. These facilitations may include the provision of equipment and inputs such as protective gear, raw materials for the local creation of garbage compactors among others.

Action Type 7: Specific actions for sub-awards are not yet known, but would likely fall under one of the following sub-action types:

Action Type 7.a.: Sub-awards used to support training, technical assistance, planning, and studies.

Action Type 7.b.: Sub-awards used for small-scale (less than 1000 m2) refurbishing of existing structures.

Action Type 7.c.: Sub-awards used to provide basic equipment such as computers, printers etc.

TABLE II: DO1 ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION4

Activity Name

(TEC)

Description

Security Infrastructure Development (SID)

October 2017- September 2021

TEC: $11,710,033

Utilizing safe neighborhood environmental design principles, USAID is supporting small-scale infrastructure improvements in high-risk neighborhoods with the GOH’s Fondo Hondureño de Inversión Social (FHIS). This partnership with the GOH utilizes the Projects executed by the Community (PEC) Model. Under this approach, beneficiary communities provide non-specialized labor as their contribution to the program.

Communities are empowered to manage the full range of responsibilities for the community-led refurbishment and maintenance.

Community and Municipal Development for Citizen Security (JAC)

September 2016- September 2020

TEC :$15,055,707

This activity strengthens the municipal service provision to deter violence and will increase the citizen participation efforts to reduce violence in the communities by empowering local communities to deter violence and supporting municipal governments in placing funds in violence prevention activities.

The Activity supports stakeholders in the creation of networks which would advocate improved social services in order to provide communities support and resources for safeguarding against violence.

4 USAID/Honduras acknowledges there are some activities which will also receive funding from DO1 and are not included in this IEE, namely: Transforming Markets Systems (TMS), Combatting Extortion and Gang Recidivism by Countering Criminal Impunity (Countering Criminal Impunity), Partnership for Youth Employment (PYE) and potentially: Honduras Local Governance (HLG). For these activities, MEOs hereby confirms the complete environmental analysis (considering all actions and estimated cost) was done under the DO2 IEE for TMS, PYE and HLG and DO3 IEE for Countering Criminal Impunity.

School-based Violence Prevention Program (SBV)

February 2017- February 2022

TEC: $20,836,337

The overall goal of this activity is to establish safe schools that promote positive child and youth development in targeted communities within DO1 high-crime municipalities in Honduras.

The activity facilitates parents, teachers, students and other actors to come together and identify risk factors in and around schools. The activity also provides training and mentoring for these networks to eliminate these risk factors.

Justice, Human Rights and Security Strengthening Activity (Unidos)

September 30, 2016 – February 14, 2021

TEC: $34,170,761

This activity aims to create more effective and accountable judicial and security sector organizations in order to reduce violence in target areas, reduce impunity, and protect human rights. This activity will emphasize transparency, accountability, and institutional reforms on a sustainable basis in key security and justice sector institutions for the purposes of improving citizen security and the conditions for a reduction in violence. When combined with citizen engagement and community policing, these activities will reduce violent crime and make for safer communities across target municipalities (Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula, Choloma, La Ceiba, and Tela).

Workforce Development (Empleando Futuros -

EF)

June 30 2016 – June 30 2021

TEC: $19, 870, 947

This activity seeks to increase workforce development that will increase income generating opportunities for youth who are the most at risk of being perpetrators of violence. The activity will strengthen comprehensive workforce readiness services, including for job linkage and self-employment, to benefit at-risk youth, including those who qualify for secondary and tertiary violence prevention services.

Integrated Responses on Migration from Central America

February 2020 - February 2025

TEC: $16,813,000

To reintegrate returned migrants through municipal level centers that provide critical reintegration services such as jobs and job training, security support, education, and social services. This is done through assessments, expert guidance, mentoring, training, and equipment for the relevant state and non-state actors.

New Activity

Generating Green Economic Opportunities through Local Partnerships to deter Migration (Local Works-LW)

The activity will partner with existing private sector entities working in solid waste management and recycling to improve sanitation in selected municipalities while also creating jobs for youth and other vulnerable populations. This is done through assessments, expert guidance, mentoring, training, and equipment for the relevant state and non-state actors. May be up to two awards to local institutions.

Sept 2020 - September 2025

TEC: $2,000,000

Some illustrative actions for this activity include: increase availability and awareness of waste containers in neighborhoods and strategically located collection centers, support technical education centers to create, distribute, and maintain equipment for the transformation of recyclables, and equip and train local actors to generate income through collection and provision of transport services.

Integrated Prevention Activity (Sembrando Esperanza-SE)

Dec 2020 - December

TEC: $20,700,00

This activity will improve human security for 1.5 million Hondurans who are living in high migration and high violence areas of Honduras using lessons learned from violence prevention programming. This is done through assessments, expert guidance, mentoring, training, and equipment for the relevant state and non-state actors.

Will this project/activity involve construction5 as defined by ADS 201 and 303? Yes X No

Description: Refurbishing and maintenance of areas smaller than 1000 m2. These are mainly to support the creation of safe spaces for people in their communities. Specific actions may include: installation of sport courts, repairinging lighting systems.

2.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION

2.1 LOCATIONS AFFECTED AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT (ENVIRONMENT,

PHYSICAL, CLIMATE, SOCIAL, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES)

Activities under DO1 will continue to be implemented in communities throughout the metropolitan, highly-developed areas within the urban municipalities of San Pedro Sula, Tegucigalpa, La Ceiba, Choloma, and Tela. These cities represent the largest urban centers in Honduras and are physically located along the northern coastal region, with the exception of Tegucigalpa which is located in the south-central part of the country.

The Caribbean coastal lowland, which most Hondurans call "the north coast," or simply "the coast", covers 16% of the country’s territory and consists of river valleys and coastal plains. This has traditionally been Honduras' most exploited region (from an agricultural perspective). This region is hot and humid, receiving about 2,000 mm/yr rainfall with temperatures reaching 24°C.

To the east and west, the Caribbean lowlands contain broad river valleys. The central part of the Caribbean lowlands, east of La Ceiba, is a narrow coastal plain only a few kilometers wide.

The broadest river valley, along the Río Ulúa near the Guatemalan border, is Honduras's most

5 Construction, as defined by ADS 201 and 303 includes: construction, alteration, or repair (including dredging and excavation) of buildings, structures, or other real property and includes, without limitation, improvements, renovation, alteration and refurbishment.

The term includes, without limitation, roads, power plants, buildings, bridges, water treatment facilities, and vertical structures. In the box below, describe any construction planned for this project/activity. Refer to ADS 201mawfor required Construction Risk Management procedures.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Ul%C3%BAa https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1865/201maw.pdf developed area. San Pedro Sula, Honduras's industrial capital, Choloma – essentially a suburb of San Pedro Sula, and Tela are located here, as is La Ceiba, the third largest city in the country.

Much of the rest of Honduras is dominated by interior highlands, however scattered throughout the interior highlands are numerous valleys, 300 to 900 meters in elevation, which vary in size.

Villages and towns, including the capital, Tegucigalpa, are tucked in the larger valleys. As USAID transitions into its new CDCS, new activities under DO1 will be expected to expand their geographic coverage to other locations in Honduras in order to address the irregular migration phenomenon; therefore, more rural cities may be included.

The urban centers where DO1 programs will be implemented are characterized by populations in excess of 500,000 inhabitants, which include most of Honduras’ Afro-descendent communities (accounting for two percent of the total population). The vast majority of the rural-to-urban population shift in Honduras is the result of migration for employment opportunities to the DO1 zone of influence. Because of this, unemployment is a larger issue in these regions and these regions are under constant pressure from the constant influx of new laborers. This is not surprising given that rural populations suffer from a 71.5% poverty rate, of which 16% are extremely poor. For the urban populations, 60% live in poverty and 54% in extreme poverty.

2.2 APPLICABLE AND APPROPRIATE PARTNER COUNTRY AND OTHER

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS (E.G. WHO), ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL LAWS,

POLICIES, AND REGULATIONS

The DO1 Project will follow Honduran environmental laws and regulations; and USAID’s environmental requirements as per 22 CFR 216 and ADS 204. In addition to USAID Reg. 216 requirements, the project shall obtain all required permits from the appropriate GOH officials The environmental regulatory framework for this Project is guided by the following regulations:

Honduras National Environmental Law (Ley General del Ambiente) applies to all activities of the DO1 Project. The General Environmental Law (Decree 104-93 of May 27th, 1993) created the National Environmental Impact Assessment System (SINEA in Spanish). SINEA coordinates the environmental management and licensing process for all activities (public or private) with a foreseeable potential to affect the environment. The SINEA is coordinated by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment's (MiAmbiente) Directorate of Environmental Evaluation and Control (DECA in Spanish). SINEA's structure and procedures for environmental licensing are normed in their updated Regulation (Decree 189-2009, dated December 31, 2009).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Pedro_Sula https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Ceiba https://www.usaid.gov/our_work/environment/compliance/22cfr216

3.0 ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RISK

TABLE III: DO1 Activity Potential Risks and Mitigation Measures

Action Type Activity Potential Environmental Risk

Mitigation Measures

Action Type 1: Provide specialized technical assistance to enhance organizational capacity of GOH, Civil Society Organization (CSOs), private sector, schools and other relevant stakeholders to deter violence in communities.

SID, JAC,

SBV, Unidos, EF, IOM, LW, SE

No negative impact on the environment is expected.

N/A

Categorical Exclusion6 under 22 CFR 216.2(c)(2)(i)

Action Type 2:

Facilitate and strengthen multi-stakeholder coalitions to foster citizen engagement in supporting and holding the security and justice sector accountable.

Specific actions include forums, graduate programs, mentoring support in strategic planning.

SID, JAC,

SBV, Unidos, EF, IOM, LW, SE

No negative impact on the environment is expected.

N/A

Categorical Exclusion under 22 CFR 216.2(c)(2)(i) and (iii)

Action Type 3: Provide training, mentoring and other capacity building to youth to increase protective factors for at-risk youth. This also includes training and capacity building to CSOs to develop their

SID, JAC,

SBV, Unidos, EF, IOM, LW, SE

CFR 216.2(c)(2)(i)

6 Condition for all Categorical Exclusion: USAID will ensure IP notify any change in the action or the Activity’s existing environmental conditions which may result in potential negative effect to the environment.

skills in community prevention actions.

Action Type 4: Support studies, analysis and other academic research workshops and meetings aimed at generating information to monitor access to justice and violence prevention trends and results. This also includes violence prevention through early warning systems.

JAC, SBV,

Unidos, EF, IOM, LW, SE

CFR 216.2(c)(2)(iii)

Action Type 5:

Construction and maintenance of areas smaller than 1000 m2, to make them structurally safe, conducive to learning and having reduced areas where violence may be perpetrated. This also includes small-scale renovation of facilities planned for support to judicial, investigation prosecution and other services related to increasing resilience of communities and individuals to crime.

SID, SE Small-scale refurbishing activities may generate several environmental and social effects, most common examples include:

i) Emissions and degradation to air quality within the community (noise and air particles);

ii) Effluent discharges or runoff leading to degradation of water quality and impact on the aquatic environment;

iii)Reduction in water and other ecosystem services availability through overuse, leading to conflict between end users.

iv)Poor management of labor and working conditions (for example: lack of security measures, inappropriate management of materials) resulting in risk to occupational health and safety of workers

v) Habitat removal/compaction resulting in loss and damage to sensitive or valuable ecosystems and use of natural resources.

vi)Land acquisition and resettlement (economic and physical displacement) leading to impacts on community, such as loss of livelihoods, cultural

USAID must ensure that the IP includes mitigation measures for every foreseen risk. Please refer to USAID’s Construction Sector Environmental Guidelines (SEG)7. For example:

i) Covering materials to avoid loss during transport; fence stockpiles to prevent wind whipping, and ensure all vehicles carrying loose material to or from the site are fully sheeted.

ii) Identify waste handling facilities close to the project to accept/treat waste (e.g., approved by local government)

iii) Undertake preliminary hydrogeological studies, or at least define the natural drainage characteristics of the area and hydrologically link to the site

iv) The contract should mandate compliance with relevant host country occupational health and safety requirements for construction. Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) such as dust masks to workers on-site.

v) Design into the landscaping plan the protection of existing trees on site serving as a source of shade, windbreak, or providing other benefits

vi) Avoid the need for displacement by developing an understanding of local land use and property ownership resources, customary uses of land.

vii) Lack of inclusion of indigenous peoples, minorities, and ethnicities, leading to impacts to cultural characteristics; and lack of gender inclusion.

viii) Poor integration into the built environment, exacerbating effects (e.g., poor construction siting, choice of building materials, building orientation, lack of understanding of the electric system causing systems overload).

ix) Contamination by accumulation and handling of construction waste materials and other solid wastes

vii) Collaborate with indigenous peoples in all aspects of project design, and consider design alternatives that minimize adverse impacts

viii) Consult with relevant stakeholders to understand local context and key risk areas

ix) Secure a place for final disposition of solid waste in conjunction with the local government and regular schedule for transportation.

Personnel should wear the personal protective gear at all times.

Action Type 6:

Facilitate linkages among local actors in SWM

LW The Actions may generate environmental and social effects, main examples include:

a) waste management operations can generate significant amounts of noise from fixed equipment or process operations; mobile equipment or process operations; and waste transport.

b) Waste management activities can have a range of impacts on the quality of fresh and marine surface water bodies and groundwater

c) In the informal waste sector, workers may suffer from effects of extreme poverty, social exclusion, and lack of access to water, sanitation, healthcare. education, and housing.

USAID must ensure that the IP includes mitigation measures for every foreseen risk. Please refer to USAID’s Solid waste

SEG8 :

a) Noise mitigation techniques which may be used during operation of plant and equipment at waste facilities include locating noisy equipment and activities away from sensitive receivers, and avoid clustering of noisy plant / processes in one area;

b) Prevent run-on (from upland areas) from flowing onto site and contacting waste, and ensure the site there is designed in areas not prone to flooding.

c) Worker welfare impacts can be mitigated through the adoption and implementation of specific policies and practices which aim to improve labor conditions. Policies may include minimum standards for worker accommodation, safe transportation, human resource standards (e.g., sick pay and vacation entitlements), reasonable working hours, minimum wages, free health and safety training and PPE, and provision of adequate welfare facilities (ablutions, canteen, first aid).

Action Type 7.a: Sub-awards used to support training, technical

Unidos, EF, IOM, LW, SE

No negative impact on the environment is expected.

N/A

Categorical Exclusion9 under 22 CFR 216.2(c)(2)(i) and (iii)

8https://www.usaid.gov/es/environmental-procedures/sectoral-environmental-social-best-practices/seg-solid-waste-sp/pdf 9 USAID will ensure that the IPs verifies that small grants meet this Cat Exclusion. If not, this IEE will be amended, and subsequently the IP will prepare an Environmental Monitoring and Mitigation Plan

(EMMP).

https://www.usaid.gov/es/environmental-procedures/sectoral-environmental-social-best-practices/seg-solid-waste-sp/pdf https://www.usaid.gov/es/environmental-procedures/sectoral-environmental-social-best-practices/seg-solid-waste-sp/pdf assistance, planning, and studies.

Action Type 7.b: Sub-awards used for small-scale (less than 1000 m2) construction of existing structures.

Unidos, IOM, SE

Small-scale refurbishing activities may generate several environmental and social effects. Please refer to environmental risk under Action Type 5 (above).

Please refer to illustrative mitigation measures and resources under type Action 5 (above).

Action Type 7.c: Sub-awards used to provide basic equipment such as computers, printers etc.

JAC, SBV,

Unidos, EF, IOM, LW, SE

Potential environmental impacts include: waste generated from equipment disposition.

USAID must ensure IPs include mitigation measures as part of their disposition plans.

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATIONS

4.1 RECOMMENDED ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATIONS

The following table summarizes the recommended determinations based on the environmental analysis conducted. Upon approval, these determinations become affirmed, per 22 CFR 216.

Specified conditions, detailed in Section 5, become mandatory obligations of implementation, per ADS 204.

TABLE IV: ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATIONS

Activities Categorical

Exclusion Citation (if applicable)

Negative Determi nation

Positive Determination

Deferral

Action Type 1: Provide specialized technical assistance to enhance organizational capacity of GOH, Civil Society Organization (CSOs), schools, private sector and other relevant stakeholders to deter violence in communities.

Activities: SID, JAC, SBV, Unidos, EF, IOM, LW, SE

22 CFR 216.2 (c)(2)(i) ☐ ☐ ☐

10 Positive Determinations require preparation of a Scoping Statement and Environmental Assessment.

11 Deferrals must be cleared through an Amendment to this IEE prior to implementation of any deferred activities.

Action Type 2: Facilitate and strengthen multi-stakeholder coalitions to foster citizen engagement in supporting and holding the security and justice sector accountable. Specific actions include forums, graduate programs, mentoring support in strategic planning.

Activities: SID, JAC, SBV, Unidos, EF, IOM, LW, SE

22 CFR 216.2 (c)(2)(i) and (iii)

Action Type 3: Provide training, mentoring and other capacity building to youth to increase protective factors for at-risk youth.

This also includes training and capacity building to CSOs to develop their skills in community prevention actions.

Activities: SID, JAC, SBV, Unidos, EF, IOM, LW, SE

22 CFR 216.2 (c)(2)(i) ☐ ☐ ☐

Action Type 4: Support studies, analysis and other academic research workshops and meetings aimed at generating information to monitor access to justice and violence prevention trends and results. DO1 also invested in violence prevention early warning systems.

Activities: AC, SBV, Unidos, EF, IOM, LW, SE

22 CFR 216.2 (c)(2)(iii) ☐ ☐ ☐

Action Type 5: Construction and maintenance of areas smaller than 1000 m2, to make them structurally safe, conducive to learning and reduce areas where violence may be perpetrated. This also includes small-scale renovation of facilities planned for support to judicial, investigation prosecution and other services related to increasing resilience of communities and individuals to crime.

Activities: SID, SE, IOM

Action Type 6: Facilitate linkages among local actors in SWM

Activity: LW

Action Type 7.a: Sub-awards would support training, technical assistance, planning, and studies.

Activities: Unidos, EF, IOM, LW, SE

22 CFR 216.2 (c)(2)(i) and (iii)

Action Type 7.b: Sub-awards may be used for small-scale (less than 1000 m2) construction of existing structures.

Activities: Unidos, IOM, SE

Action Type 7.c: Sub-awards may provide basic equipment such as computers, printers etc.

Activities: JAC, SBV, Unidos, EF, IOM, LW, SE

4.2 CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT

This section summarizes the methodology used and findings of the CRM Screening, in accordance with ADS 201mal. The project design team, in consultation with the CIL, considered the potential effect of climate risks/stressors on the sustainability of the project (changing precipitation patterns, rising temperature, floods, droughts, fires, landslides, etc.) in addition to the impact of project activities on the climate (increased greenhouse gas emissions, land use changes, etc.). See Annex 1 for the complete CRM table.

5.0 CONDITIONS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

5.1 CONDITIONS

The environmental determinations in this IEE are contingent upon full implementation of the following general implementation and monitoring requirements, as well as ADS 204 and other relevant requirements.

https://www.usaid.gov/ads/policy/200/201mal

5.1.1 During Pre-Award:

5.1.1.1 Pre-Award Briefings: As feasible, the design team and/or the cognizant environmental officer(s) (e.g., MEO, REA, BEO) will provide a pre-award briefing for potential offerors on environmental compliance expectations/responsibilities at bidders’ conferences.

5.1.1.2 Solicitations: The design team, in coordination with the A/CO, will ensure solicitations include environmental compliance requirements and evaluation criteria. A/CO will ensure technical and cost proposal requirements include approach, staffing, and budget sufficient for complying with the terms of this IEE.

5.1.1.3 Awards: The A/COR, in coordination with the A/CO, will ensure all awards and sub-awards, include environmental compliance requirements.

5.1.2 During Post-Award:

5.1.2.1 Post-Award Briefings: The A/COR and/or the cognizant environmental officer(s) (e.g., MEO, DMEO) will provide post-award briefings for the IP on environmental compliance responsibilities.

5.1.2.3 Workplans and Budgeting: The A/COR will ensure the IP integrates environmental compliance requirements in work plans and budgets to comply with requirements, including EMMP implementation and monitoring.

5.1.2.4 Staffing: The A/COR, in coordination with the IP, will ensure all awards have staffing capacity to implement environmental compliance requirements.

5.1.2.5 Records Management: The A/COR will maintain environmental compliance documents in the official Activity file and upload records to the designated USAID environmental compliance database system.

5.1.2.6 Host Country Environmental Compliance: The A/COR will ensure the IP complies with applicable and appropriate host country environmental requirements unless otherwise directed in writing by USAID. However, in the case of a conflict between the host country and USAID requirements, the more stringent shall govern.

5.1.2.7 Work Plan Review: The A/COR will ensure the IP verifies, at least annually or when activities are added or modified, that activities remain with the scope of the IEE. Actions outside of the scope of the IEE cannot be implemented until the IEE is amended.

5.1.2.8 IEE Amendment: If new activities are introduced or other changes to the scope of this IEE occur, an IEE Amendment will be required.

5.1.2.14 USAID Monitoring Oversight: The A/COR or designee, with the support of the cognizant environmental officer(s) (e.g., MEO, DMEO,REA), will ensure monitoring of compliance with established requirements (e.g., by desktop reviews, site visits, etc.).

5.1.2.16 Environmental Compliance Mitigation and Monitoring Plan: The A/COR will ensure the IP develops, obtains approval for, and implements Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plans (EMMPs) that are responsive to the stipulated environmental compliance requirements.

5.1.2.17 Environmental Compliance Reporting: The A/COR will ensure the IP includes environmental compliance in regular project/activity reports, using indicators as appropriate; develops and submits the Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Reports (EMMRs); and completes and submits a Record of Compliance (RoC) describing their implementation of EMMP requirements in conjunction with the final EMMR or at the close of sub activities (as applicable).

And where required by Bureaus or Missions, ensure the IP prepares a closeout plan consistent with contract documentation for A/COR review and approval that outlines responsibilities for end-of-project operation, the transition of other operational responsibilities, and final EMMR with lessons learned.

5.1.2.18 Corrective Action: When noncompliance or unforeseen impacts are identified, IPs notify the A/COR, place a hold on activities, take corrective action, and report on the effectiveness of corrective actions. The A/COR initiates the corrective action process and ensures the IP completes and documents their activities. Where required by Bureaus or Missions, ensure Record of Compliance is completed.

5.2 AGENCY CONDITIONS

5.2.1 Sub-award Screening: The A/COR will ensure the IP uses an adequate environmental screening tool to screen any sub-award applications and to aid in the development of EMMPs.

5.2.2 Programmatic IEEs (PIEE): PIEEs stipulate requirements for additional environmental examination of new or country specific projects/activities. The A/COR of any project/activity being implemented under a PIEE will ensure appropriate reviews are conducted, typically through a Supplemental IEE, and approved by the cognizant BEO.

5.2.3 Supplemental IEEs (SIEEs): An SIEE will be prepared for any new project/activity being planned which falls under a PIEE. The SIEE will provide more thorough analysis of the planned activities, additional geographic context and baseline conditions as well as specific mitigation and monitoring requirements.

5.2.4 Other Supplemental Analyses: The A/COR will ensure supplemental environmental analyses that are called for in the IEE are completed and documented.

5.2.5 Resolution of Deferrals: If a deferral of the environmental threshold determination was issued, the A/COR will ensure that the appropriate 22CFR216 environmental analysis and documentation is completed and approved by the BEO before the subject activities are implemented.

5.2.6 Positive Determination: If a Positive Determination threshold determination was made, the A/COR will ensure a Scoping Statement, and if required an Environmental Assessment (EA), is completed and approved by the BEO before the subject activities are implemented.

5.2.7 Compliance with human subject research requirements: The AM, A/COR shall assure that the IP and sub-awardees, -grantees, and -contractors demonstrate completion of all requirements for ethics review and adequate medical monitoring of human subjects who participate in research trials carried out through this IEE and ensure appropriate records are maintained. All documentation demonstrating completion of required review and approval of human subject trials must be in place prior to initiating any trials and cover the period of performance of the trial as described in the research protocol.

6.0 LIMITATIONS OF THIS INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL

EXAMINATION

The determinations recommended in this document apply only to activities and actions described herein. Other activities that may arise must be documented in either a separate IEE, an IEE amendment if the actions are within the same activity, or other type of environmental compliance document and shall be subject to an environmental analysis within the appropriate documents listed above.

Other than activities determined to have a Positive Threshold Determination, it is confirmed that the activities described herein do not involve actions normally having a significant effect on the environment, including those described in 22 CFR 216.2(d).

In addition, other than activities determined to have a Positive Threshold Determination and/or a pesticide management plan (PERSUAP), it is confirmed that the projects/activities described herein do not involve any actions listed below. Any of the following actions would require additional environmental analyses and environmental determinations:

● Support project preparation, project feasibility studies, or engineering design for activities listed in §216.2(d)(1);

● Affect endangered and threatened species or their critical habitats per §216.5, FAA 118, FAA 119;

● Provide…