ITB_CDS250787_Emergency_HVAC_Residential_Rehab_-_EXHIBIT_E-_LEAD_INSPECTION_REPORTNORTON.pdf

2023 DK Environmental & Construction Services, Inc. All rights reserved.

LEAD-BASED PAINT

INSPECTION REPORT

PREPARED FOR THE FOLLOWING PROPERTY:

117 NW 16th Terrace Ocala, FL 34475

PERFORMED ON:

April 15, 2024

PERFORMED AND PREPARED BY:

Debra Koontz Certified Risk Assessor

LBP-R-I191376-2

8786 Sonoma Coast Drive, Winter Garden, FL 34787 (407)614-4572 Office (814)243-1927 Cell dkenvironmental@yahoo.com www.dk-environmental.com

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Cover Letter

II. Executive Summary

III. Scope of Inspection

A. Building Background B. Preface C. Training D. Equipment E. Inspection Company F. Methods G. Findings H. Conclusions

IV. Disclosure Responsibility and Disclaimer

V. XRF Results

VI. Drawings/Floor Plans

VII. Property Photographs

VIII. License/Certification

IX. XRF Performance Characteristic Sheet

X. Glossary

Confidentiality Notice: This Report is intended only for the use of the individual or entity addressed, and may contain information that is privileged, confidential, and exempt from disclosure under applicable law. If you are not the intended recipient or responsible for delivering this report to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution, or copying of this report, in whole or in part, is prohibited. If you have received this report in error, please notify us immediately. Thank you.

April 15, 2024

Re: Lead-Based Paint Inspection Report

Property Address: 117 NW 16th Terrace, Ocala, FL 34475

Property Owner: Shanta Norton

Phone: 352-875-2245

Dear Client:

Please find enclosed the lead-based paint inspection report for the property located at 117 NW 16th Terrace, Ocala, FL 34475. The survey was performed within the current acceptable industry guidelines, Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Guidelines Chapter 7 (revised 1997) and EPA regulations.

DK Environmental & Construction Services, Inc. (DKE) conducted the lead-based paint inspection services at the above-referenced site on April 15, 2024.

DKE used an RMD LPA-1 X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) lead paint analyzer to sample paint for lead. XRF instrument serial #2737 was used on this job.

Licensed EPA Lead Risk Assessor Debra Koontz (License No. LBP-R-I191376- 2, expiration date 09/06/2024) performed the inspection services.

At the specific time and date of the inspection services, DK Environmental & Construction Services, Inc. detected no lead-based paint in the property.

If you have any questions or concerns regarding this report, please feel free to contact us at (407)614-4572.

Sincerely, Debra Koontz, President DK Environmental & Construction Services, Inc.

8786 Sonoma Coast Drive, Winter Garden, FL 34787 (407)614-4572 Office (814)243-1927 Cell dkenvironmental@yahoo.com www.dk-environmental.com

II. Executive Summary

DKE was authorized to perform a lead-based paint (LBP) inspection of the property located at 117 NW 16th Terrace, Ocala, FL 34475. DKE tested all painted components according to the specifications described in the protocols for Lead Based Paint testing in the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Guidelines Chapter 7 (revised 1997) and all applicable Federal, State, and Local regulations.

DKE�s scope of services involved XRF testing as well as a surface-by-surface visual inspection of all painted surfaces throughout the entire property to determine which lead-based paint surfaces/components are deteriorated (above de minimis level). All accessible, painted building components (that potentially contain lead-based paint) were tested utilizing X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analysis. The data collected is in Appendix V. Wall �A� in each room is the wall where the front entrance door opening is located (or aligned with the street).

Going clockwise and facing wall �A�, wall �B� will always be to your right, Wall �C� directly to the rear and wall �D� to the left.

DKE tested a total of one hundred and nineteen (119) surfaces via XRF analysis and six (6) calibrations. Zero (0) were found to contain lead at levels greater than or equal to the regulatory level of 1.0 mg/cm2. These surfaces are identified in Section III: G. This report represents all field data, observations and findings related to the lead inspection performed in the above referenced property. The results, assessments and findings stated in this report are representative of the conditions observed in this property at the time of the inspection services.

This inspection measures lead in both deteriorated and intact paint surfaces. The procedure involved taking readings from representative surfaces throughout the testing area or room. The most common primary analytical method for detecting lead in paint is X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The XRF instrument is used because of its demonstrated abilities to accurately determine the amount of lead that is present without disturbing the painted surfaces as well as its high speed and relatively low cost per sample.

Some building components may have been inaccessible at the time of the inspection services, or were not tested because they were covered by other building materials (paneling, tile, siding, etc.). It is possible that painted surfaces may be hidden by these materials. Such surfaces should be assumed to contain lead-based paint, or should be tested by a licensed lead-based paint inspector or risk assessor.

III. Scope of Inspection

A. Building Background

The property located at 117 NW 16th Terrace, Ocala, FL 34475 is an approximately 2,247 square feet building (1 unit), built in 1945. No history of renovations, repairs, or painting was provided to DKE during the inspection services.

B. Preface

DKE was authorized to perform lead-based paint testing of the above referenced property to determine the possible presence, condition, location and amount of lead-based paint. The testing was conducted on April 15, 2024 from 8:40am to 9:33am.

C. Training

All inspectors utilized by DKE have EPA/State licensure and are licensed Lead Risk Assessors who have passed the �HUD Visual Assessment Course�. All

Lead Risk Assessors utilized by DKE have also been trained in the use, calibration and maintenance of the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) equipment they currently use, along with necessary principles of Radiation Safety.

D. Equipment

An RMD LPA-1 X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) lead paint analyzer, serial #2737 was used on this job.

E. Inspection Company

The inspection services were performed by an inspector/risk assessor employed by DK Environmental & Construction Services, Inc., 8786 Sonoma Coast Drive, Winter Garden, FL 34787, telephone number (407)614-4572.

F. Methods

The calibration of the type of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) is done in accordance with the Performance Characteristic Sheet (PCS) for this instrument. These XRF instruments are calibrated using a calibration standard block of known lead content. Three calibration readings are taken before and after each property is tested to insure manufacturer�s standards are met. If the inspection is longer than four hours, a set of three calibration readings must be taken before the four hours expires, and then an additional three calibration readings taken at the end of the inspection. If for any reason the instrument is not maintaining a consistent calibration reading within the manufacturer�s standards for performance on the calibration block supplied by the manufacturer, manufacturer�s recommendations are used to bring the instrument into calibration. If the instrument cannot be brought back into calibration, it is taken off the site and sent back to the manufacturer for repair and/or re-calibration.

G. Findings

Property Address: 117 NW 16th Terrace, Ocala, FL 34475

DKE tested a total of one hundred and nineteen (119) surfaces via XRF analysis and six (6) calibrations. Zero (0) were found to contain lead at levels greater than or equal to the regulatory level of 1.0 mg/cm2 in paint in the surfaces tested:

At the specific time and date of the inspection services, DK Environmental & Construction Services, Inc. detected no lead-based paint in the property.

H. Conclusions

No lead-based paint was identified, as defined by Environmental Protection Agency/Department of Housing and Urban Development (EPA/HUD) as containing lead-in concentrations greater than or equal to 1.0 mg/cm2.

When evaluating this report, it is assumed that according to Chapter 7 HUD guidelines, that if one testing combination (i.e. window, door) is positive for lead in an interior or exterior room equivalent, that all other similar testing combinations in those areas are assumed to be positive. The same is true for negative readings. All inaccessible areas are assumed to be positive, even though they were not able to be tested. Inaccessible areas are noted in Section V � XRF Results.

If the lead evaluation results indicate the presence of lead-based paint, the prospective owner may wish to obtain, at the prospective owner�s expense, additional services of a lead-based paint inspector or risk assessor, certified for the State in which the property is located, to help understand the positive results.

This person would review this report and might make additional recommendations about lead hazard control actions. Interpretations and possible actions may vary when only a few readings indicate the presence of lead-based paint.

This inspection was done in accordance with Lead Safe Housing Rule 24 CFR Part 35 subpart J as amended June 21, 2004. The sample results are presented in Appendix V.

The surface conditions ranged from �Intact� to �Deteriorated� at the time of the inspection. Upon completion of lead hazard reduction activities, A clearance examination is required to determine that the lead hazard reduction efforts were performed adequately. �Paint Film Stabilization� means to repair any defect in the substrate, or any defect in a building component, that is causing the paint deterioration, to remove all loose paint and other loose material from the surface to be treated using lead-safe work practices, and to apply a new protective coating of paint.

A Clearance Examination would include a visual evaluation of all surfaces that were determined to be defective during the initial inspection, and collection of dust samples. It should be determined that the deteriorated paint surfaces have been corrected and that no settled dust lead hazards exist in the dwelling or unit.

The clearance report must be signed by a certified/licensed Lead Inspector/Risk Assessor.

Painted surfaces found to be intact during the inspection which contain levels of lead greater than or equal to 1.0 mg/cm2 could create lead hazards if the paint is turned into dust by abrasion, scraping, or sanding. If conditions of intact paint surfaces become destabilized, these conditions will need to be addressed. If any future construction or modernization work is done on the premises, this report should be given to the contractors as well as the tenants.

IV. DISCLOSURE RESPONSIBILITY AND DISCLAIMER

Disclosure Responsibility

A copy of this report must be provided to new lessees (tenants) and purchasers of this property under Federal Law (24 CFR part 35 and 40 CFR part 745) before they become obligated under a lease or sales contract. The complete report must also be provided to new purchasers and it must be made available to new tenants. Landlords (lessors) and sellers are also required to distribute an educational pamphlet and include standard warning language in their leases or sales contracts to ensure that parents have the information they need to protect their children from lead-based paint hazards.

Disclaimer

This is our report of a visual survey, and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis of the readily accessible areas of this building and tested components. The presence or absence of lead-based paint or lead-based paint hazards applies only to the tested or assessed surfaces on the date of the field visit. It should be understood that conditions noted within this report were accurate at the time of the inspection services and in no way reflect the conditions at the property after the date of the inspection services. No other environmental concerns were addressed during the inspection services.

V. XRF Results

117 NW 16th Terrace, Ocala, FL 34475 Read Paint Paint Lead No. Wall Structure Location Member Cond Substrate Color (mg/cm²) Mode 001 Exterior 005 A Sidewalk Ctr D Concrete Red -0.1 QM 008 A Wall U Lft I Concrete Tan 0.0 QM 004 A Window Ctr Jamb I Concrete Tan 0.5 QM 006 A Door Ctr Door I Steel Brown 0.4 QM 007 A Door Ctr Jamb D Wood Brown -0.1 QM 122 A Railing Rgt D Metal White 0.0 QM 009 B Wall U Ctr I Concrete Tan 0.3 QM 010 B Door Lft Door I Steel Brown 0.2 QM 011 B Door Lft Jamb D Wood Brown 0.2 QM 012 C Wall U Ctr I Concrete Tan 0.0 QM 013 D Wall U Rgt I Concrete Tan 0.0 QM 014 D Door Rgt Jamb D Wood Brown 0.0 QM 015 D Door Rgt Door I Steel Brown 0.2 QM Interior Room 002 Bedroom A 024 A Closet wall Lft I Drywall Tan 0.2 QM 023 A Wall U Ctr I Drywall Tan -0.1 QM 021 B Wall U Ctr I Drywall Tan 0.0 QM 022 C Wall L Ctr D Drywall Tan 0.3 QM 020 D Wall U Ctr I Drywall Tan 0.1 QM 019 D Ceiling Ctr I Drywall White 0.1 QM 016 D Door Rgt Door D Wood Brown -0.1 QM 017 D Door Rgt Jamb D Wood Brown 0.1 QM 018 D Door Rgt Casing D Wood Brown 0.1 QM Interior Room 003 Bathroom 029 A Wall U Lft I Drywall Tan 0.4 QM 030 A Door Ctr Jamb I Wood Brown -0.1 QM 031 A Door Ctr Casing D Wood Brown 0.7 QM 032 A Door Ctr Door I Wood Brown 0.1 QM 033 B Closet Ceili Rgt D Drywall White 0.2 QM 034 B Closet wall Rgt I Drywall White 0.3 QM 027 B Wall U Ctr I Drywall Tan 0.0 QM 026 C Wall L Ctr D Drywall Tan -0.1 QM 025 C Ceiling Rgt D Drywall White 0.4 QM 028 D Wall U Ctr I Drywall Tan 0.4 QM Interior Room 004 Living Rm 044 A Wall U Rgt I Drywall Tan 0.7 QM 040 B Wall L Ctr D Drywall Tan -0.2 QM 038 B Baseboard Ctr I Wood Brown 0.1 QM 039 B Ceiling Ctr I Drywall White 0.2 QM 035 B Door Rgt Casing D Wood Brown 0.7 QM 036 B Door Rgt Jamb D Wood Brown -0.2 QM 037 B Door Rgt Door I Wood Brown -0.1 QM 042 C Closet wall Rgt I Concrete White 0.1 QM 041 C Wall U Ctr I Drywall Tan -0.1 QM 043 D Wall L Ctr D Drywall Brown 0.3 QM Interior Room 005 Foyer 049 A Wall L Ctr D Drywall Tan 0.0 QM 051 B Wall U Ctr I Drywall Tan 0.0 QM 048 C Wall L Ctr D Drywall Tan -0.2 QM 047 C Ceiling Ctr I Drywall White 0.5 QM 045 C Door Ctr Jamb D Wood Tan -0.2 QM 046 C Door Ctr Door D Steel Brown 0.0 QM 050 D Wall L Ctr I Drywall Tan -0.1 QM

Read Paint Paint Lead No. Wall Structure Location Member Cond Substrate Color (mg/cm²) Mode Interior Room 006 Sitting Rm 058 A Wall L Ctr D Drywall Tan -0.1 QM 052 B Wall L Ctr D Drywall Brown 0.4 QM 053 B Door Rgt Jamb D Wood Tan -0.2 QM 054 B Door Rgt Door I Wood White -0.1 QM 055 C Wall U Ctr I Drywall Tan -0.3 QM 057 D Wall L Ctr D Drywall Tan 0.1 QM 056 D Ceiling Ctr D Drywall White -0.2 QM Interior Room 007 Bedroom B 059 A Closet wall Ctr I Drywall Gray -0.1 QM 061 A Wall L Lft D Drywall Tan 0.1 QM 060 A Ceiling Ctr I Drywall White 0.0 QM 063 B Wall U Lft I Drywall Tan 0.2 QM 062 C Wall L Ctr I Drywall Tan 0.0 QM 064 D Wall U Lft I Drywall Tan 0.0 QM 065 D Door Ctr Casing I Wood Stain -0.1 QM Interior Room 008 Kitchen 075 A Wall L Lft D Drywall Tan 0.0 QM 066 B Cabinet Lft D Wood Stain 0.2 QM 077 B Wall U Rgt I Drywall Tan 0.0 QM 069 C Closet Ceili Lft I Drywall White 0.0 QM 070 C Closet wall Lft D Drywall White -0.1 QM 071 C Closet wall Lft I Concrete Green 0.1 QM 072 C Wall U Rgt I Drywall Tan 0.0 QM 067 C Door Lft Door D Wood Stain 0.0 QM 068 C Door Lft Jamb D Wood Stain 0.2 QM 073 D Wall L Ctr D Drywall Tan -0.1 QM 074 D Wall L Ctr I Concrete White 0.0 QM 076 D Ceiling Rgt D Drywall White 0.1 QM Interior Room 009 Bedroom C 084 A Wall U Lft I Drywall Yellow -0.1 QM 081 B Wall U Rgt D Drywall Yellow 0.0 QM 080 B Ceiling Ctr I Drywall White 0.2 QM 078 B Door Ctr Door I Steel Brown 0.1 QM 079 B Door Ctr Casing I Wood Brown -0.1 QM 082 C Wall U Ctr I Drywall Yellow 0.1 QM 083 D Wall U Ctr I Drywall Yellow 0.1 QM Interior Room 010 Bathroom 089 A Wall U Ctr I Drywall Yellow -0.2 QM 090 B Wall U Ctr I Drywall Yellow 0.1 QM 091 C Wall U Ctr I Drywall Yellow 0.1 QM 087 C Door Rgt Jamb D Wood Brown 0.2 QM 088 D Wall U Ctr I Drywall Yellow -0.1 QM 085 D Baseboard Ctr I Wood White 0.0 QM 086 D Ceiling Ctr I Drywall White -0.1 QM Interior Room 011 Hallway 098 A Wall U Ctr I Drywall Tan -0.1 QM 097 B Wall U Lft I Drywall Tan -0.2 QM 099 C Wall U Ctr I Drywall Tan 0.0 QM 096 D Wall U Lft I Drywall Tan -0.2 QM 094 D Baseboard Lft I Wood White 0.3 QM 095 D Ceiling Lft I Drywall White -0.2 QM 092 D Door Ctr Casing D Wood Brown -0.2 QM 093 D Door Ctr Door I Wood Brown -0.1 QM

Read Paint Paint Lead No. Wall Structure Location Member Cond Substrate Color (mg/cm²) Mode Interior Room 012 Bedroom D 105 A Closet Shelf Lft D Wood Blue 0.0 QM 106 A Closet wall Lft I Drywall Purple 0.3 QM 103 A Wall L Rgt D Drywall Tan -0.1 QM 104 A Ceiling Lft I Drywall White 0.2 QM 101 B Wall U Ctr I Drywall Tan 0.2 QM 100 C Wall L Ctr D Drywall Tan -0.1 QM 102 D Wall U Lft I Drywall Tan -0.2 QM Interior Room 013 Bathroom 108 A Wall U Ctr I Drywall Green 0.2 QM 107 A Ceiling Lft D Drywall White -0.1 QM 110 B Wall U Ctr I Drywall Green 0.0 QM 113 B Door Ctr Casing I Wood Brown 0.3 QM 109 C Wall U Ctr I Drywall Green 0.0 QM 112 C Baseboard Ctr I Wood White 0.0 QM 111 D Wall L Ctr I Drywall Green -0.1 QM Interior Room 014 Bedroom E 117 A Wall U Lft I Drywall Tan 0.0 QM 118 A Baseboard Lft I Wood Tan 0.2 QM 119 B Wall U Ctr I Drywall Tan 0.0 QM 114 C Closet wall Rgt I Drywall Yellow 0.2 QM 116 C Wall L Lft D Drywall Tan 0.0 QM 115 C Ceiling Rgt I Drywall White 0.1 QM 120 D Wall U Ctr I Drywall Tan -0.1 QM 121 D Window Ctr Casing I Wood Tan 0.2 QM Calibration Readings

001 1.0 TC

002 0.9 TC

003 0.9 TC

123 1.0 TC

124 0.9 TC

125 1.0 TC

---- End of Readings ----

VI. Drawings/Floor Plans

VII. Property Photographs

117 NW 16th Terrace, Ocala, FL 34475

Exterior(001) A-Wall Exterior(001) B-Wall

Exterior(001) C-Wall Exterior(001) D-Wall

VIII. License/Certification

IX. XRF Performance Characteristics Sheet

X. Glossary

Abatement: A measure or set of measures designed to permanently eliminate lead-based paint hazards or lead based paint. Abatement strategies include the removal of lead-based paint, enclosure, encapsulation, replacement of building components coated with lead-based paint, removal of lead-contaminated dust, and removal of lead-contaminated soil or overlaying of soil with a durable covering such as asphalt (grass and sod are considered interim control measures).

All of these strategies require preparation, cleanup, waste disposal, post-abatement clearance testing, record keeping, and, if applicable, monitoring. See also Complete Abatement and Interim controls.

Accreditation: A formal recognition certifying that an organization, such as a laboratory, is competent to carry out specific tasks or types of tests.

Accuracy: The degree of agreement between an observed value and an accepted reference value (a �true� value); a data quality indicator. Accuracy includes a combination of random errors

(Precision) and systematic errors (bias) due to sampling and analysis.

Bare soil: Soil not covered with grass, sod, some other similar vegetation, or paving, including the sand in sandboxes.

Building component: Any element of a building that may be painted or have dust on its surface, e.g. walls, stair treads, floors, railings, doors, widowsills, etc.

Certification: The process of testing and evaluating against certain specifications the competence of a person, organization, or other entity in performing a function or service, usually for a specified period of time.

Certified: The designation for Contractors who have completed training and other requirements to safely allow them to undertake risk assessments, inspections, or abatement work. Risk assessors, inspectors, and Abatement Contractors should be certified by the appropriate local, State, or Federal agency.

Chewable surface: See Chewed surface.

Chewed surface: Any painted surface that shows evidence of having been chewed or mouthed by a young child. A chewed surface is usually a protruding, horizontal part of a building, such as an interior windowsill.

Cleaning: The process of using a vacuum and wet cleaning agents to remove leaded dust. The process includes the removal of bulk debris from the work area. OSHA prohibits the use of compressed air to clean lead-contaminated dust from a surface.

Clearance examination: Visual examination and collection of environmental samples by an inspector or risk assessor, or, in some circumstances, a Sampling Technician, and analysis by an accredited laboratory upon completion of an abatement project, interim control intervention, or maintenance job that disturbs lead-based paint (or paint suspected of being lead-based). The clearance examination is performed to ensure that lead exposure levels do not exceed standards established by the EPA Administrator pursuant to Title IV of the Toxic Substances Control Act, and that any cleaning following such work adequately meets those standards.

Common area: A room or area that is accessible to all residents in a community (e.g. hallways or lobbies). In general, any area not kept locked.

Composite sample: A single sample made up of individual subsamples. Analysis of a composite sample produces the arithmetic mean of all subsamples.

Containment: A process to protect workers and the environment by controlling exposures to the lead-contaminated dust and debris created during abatement.

Deteriorated lead-based paint: Any lead-based paint coating on a damaged or deteriorated surface or fixture, or any interior or exterior lead-based paint that is peeling, chipping, flaking, worn, chalking, alligatoring, cracking, or otherwise becoming separated from the substrate.

Disposal (of waste): The discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placement of solid or liquid waste on land or in water so that none of its constituents can pollute the environment by being emitted into the air or discharged into a body of water, including groundwater.

Encapsulation: Any covering or coating that acts as a barrier between lead-based paint and the environment, the durability of which relies on adhesion and the integrity of the existing bonds between multiple layers of paint and between the paint and the substrate. See also Enclosure.

Enclosure: The use of rigid, durable construction materials that are mechanically fastened to the substrate to act as a barrier between the lead-based paint and the environment.

Evaluation: Risk assessment, paint inspection, reevaluation, investigation, clearance examination, or risk assessment screen.

Examination: See Clearance Examination.

Federal Register (FR): A daily Federal publication that contains proposed and final regulations, rules, and notices.

Impact Surface: An interior or exterior surface (such as surfaces on doors) subject to damage by repeated impact or contact.

Inspection (of paint): A surface-by-surface investigation to determine the presence of lead-based paint (in some cases including dust and soil sampling) and a report of the results.

Interim controls: A set of measures designed to temporarily reduce human exposure or possible exposure to lead-based paint hazards. Such measures include specialized cleaning, repairs, maintenance, painting, temporary containment, and management and resident education programs. Monitoring, conducted by Owners, and reevaluations, conducted by professionals, are integral elements of interim control. Interim controls include dust removal, paint film stabilization, treatment of friction and impact surfaces, installation of soil coverings such as grass or sod, and land use controls. See also Monitoring, Reevaluations, and Abatement.

Interior windowsill: The portion of the horizontal window ledge that protrudes into the interior of the room, adjacent to the window sash when the window is closed. Often called the window stool.

Latex: A waterborne emulsion paint made with synthetic binders, such as 100% acrylic, vinyl acrylic, terpolymer, or styrene acrylic. A stable emulsion of polymers and pigment in water.

Lead: Lead includes metallic lead and inorganic and organic compounds of lead.

Lead-based paint: Any paint, varnish, shellac, or other coating that contains lead equal to or greater than 1.0 mg/cm2 (milligrams of lead per square centimeter of surface) as measured by XRF or laboratory analysis, or 0.5% by weight (5,000ug/g, 5,000 ppm (parts per million), or 5,000 mg/kg) as measured by laboratory analysis (Local definitions may vary.)

Lead-based paint hazard: A condition in which exposure to lead from lead-contaminated dust, lead-contaminated soil, or deteriorated lead-based paint would have an adverse effect on human health (as established by the EPA Administrator under Title IV of the Toxic Substances Control Act). Lead-based paint hazards include, for example, deteriorated lead-based paint, leaded dust levels above applicable standards. And bare leaded soil above applicable standards.

Lead-based paint hazards control: Activities to control and eliminate lead-based paint hazards, including interim controls, abatement, and complete abatement.

Lead-contaminated dust: Surface dust in residences that contains an area concentration of lead in excess of the standard established by the EPA Administrator, pursuant to Title IV of the Toxic Substances Control Act. As of April 01, 2017, EPA standards for lead dust for risk assessments are ≥10 ug/ft2 (micrograms of lead per square foot) for floors, and ≥100 ug/ft2 for interior windowsills. The EPA standard for clearance are <10 ug/ft2 for floors, 100 ug/ft2 for windowsills, and 100 ug/ft2 for window troughs. Porch floors are also wiped during final clearance, with a lead dust clearance action level of <40 ug/ft2.

Lead-contaminated soil: Bare soil on residential property that contains lead in excess of the standard established by the EPA Administrator, pursuant to Title IV of the Toxic Substances Control Act. The standard is 400 ug/g in play areas and 1,200 ug/g in the rest of the property.

Leaded dust: See Lead-contaminated dust.

Licensed: Holding a valid license or certification issued by the EPA or by an EPA-approved State program pursuant to Title IV of the Toxic Substances Control Act. The license is based on certification for lead-based paint hazard control work. See also Certified.

Maintenance: Work intended to maintain adequate living conditions in a dwelling, which has the potential to disturb lead-based paint or paint that is suspected of being lead-based.

Mean: The arithmetic average of a series of numerical data values. For example, the algebraic sum of the data values divided by the number of data values.

Microgram (ug): 1/1,000,000 of a gram. Used to measure weight.

Monitoring: Surveillance to determine (1) that know or suspected lead-based paint is not deteriorating, (2) that lead-based paint hazard controls, such as paint stabilization, enclosure, or encapsulation have not failed, and (3) that structural problems do not threaten the integrity of hazard controls.

Owner: A person, firm, corporation, guardian, conservator, receiver, trustee, executor, government agency or entity, or other judicial officer who, alone or with others, owns, holds, or controls the freehold or leasehold title or part of the title to property, with or without actually possessing it. This definition includes a vendee who possesses the titl, but does not include a mortgagee or an Owner of a reversionary interest under a ground rent lease.

Paint inspector: An individual who has completed training from an accredited program and been licensed or certified by the appropriate State or local agency to (1) perform inspections to determine and report the presence of lead-based paint on a surface-by-surface basis through onsite testing, (2) report the findings of such an inspection, (3) collect environmental samples for laboratory analysis, (4) perform clearance testing, and optionally (5) document successful compliance with lead-based paint hazard control requirements or standards.

Paint removal: An abatement strategy that entails the removal of lead-based paint from surfaces.

For lead hazard control work, this can mean using chemicals, heat guns below 1,100 F, and certain contained abrasive methods. Open-flame burning, open-abrasive blasting, sandblasting, extensive dry scraping, and stripping in a poorly ventilated space using a volatile stripper are prohibited paint removal methods. Hydroblasting is not recommended.

Plastic: See Polyethylene plastic.

Polyethylene plastic: All references to polyethylene plastic refer to 6 mil plastic sheeting or polyethylene bags (or double bags if using 4 mil polyethylene bags), or any other thick plastic material shown to demonstrate at least the equivalent dust contamination performance. Plastic used to contain waste should be capable of completely containing the waste and, after being properly sealed, should remain leak tight with no visible signs of discharge during movement or relocation.

Polyurethane: An exceptionally hard and wear-resistant coating (created by the reaction of polyols with a multifunctional isocyanate). Often used to seal wood floors following lead-based paint hazard control work and cleaning.

Reevaluation: In lead hazard control work, the combination of a visual assessment and collection of environmental samples preformed by a certified risk assessor to determine if a previously implemented lead-based paint hazard control measure is still effective and if the dwelling remains lead-safe.

Removal: See Paint removal.

Renovation: Work that involves construction and/or home or building improvement measures such as window replacement, weatherization, remodeling, and repainting.

Replacement: A strategy of abatement that entails the removal of building components coated with lead-based paint (such as windows, doors, and trim) and the installation of new components free of lead-based paint.

Resident: A person who lives in a dwelling.

Risk assessment: An onsite investigation of a residential dwelling to discover any lead-based paint hazards. Risk assessments include an investigation of the age, history, management, and maintenance of the dwelling, and the number of children under age 6 and women of childbearing age who are residents; a visual assessment; limited environmental sampling (i.e. collection of dust wipe samples, soil samples, and deteriorated paint samples); and preparation of a report identifying acceptable abatement and interim control strategies based on specific conditions.

Risk assessor: A certified individual who has completed training with an accredited training program and who has been certified to (1) perform risk assessments, (2) identify acceptable abatement and interim control strategies for reducing identified lead-based paint hazards, (3) perform clearance testing and reevaluations, and (4) document the successful completion of lead-based paint hazard control activities.

Site: The land or body of water where a facility is located or an activity is conducted. The site includes adjacent land used in connection with the facility or activity.

Soil: See Bare soil.

Spectrum analyzer: A type of XRF analyzer that provides the operator with a plot of the energy and intensity, or counts of both K and L x-ray spectra, as well as a calculated lead concentration.

See also XRF analyzer.

Standard deviation: A measure of the precision of a reading. The spread of the deviation from the mean. The smaller the standard deviation, the more precise the analysis. The standard deviation is calculated by first obtaining the mean, or the arithmetic average, of all of the readings. A formula is then used to calculate how much the individual values vary from the mean � the standard deviation is the square root of the arithmetic average of the squares of the deviation from the mean. Many hand calculators have an automatic standard deviation function.

See also Mean.

Subsample: A representative portion of a sample. A subsample may be either a field sample or a laboratory sample. A subsample is often combined with other subsamples to produce a composite sample. See also Composite sample.

Substrate: A surface on which paint, varnish, or other coating has been applied or may be applied. Examples of substrates include wood, plaster, metal, and drywall.

Substrate effect: The radiation returned to an XRF analyzer by the paint, substrate, or underlying material, in addition to the radiation returned by any lead present. This radiation, when counted as lead x-rays by an XRF analyzer contributes to substrate equivalent lead (bias). The inspector may have to compensate for this effect when using XRF analyzers. See also XRF analyzer.

Substrate Equivalent Lead (SEL): The XRF measurement taken on an unpainted surface, used to calculate the corrected lead concentration on a surface by using the following formula:

Apparent Lead Concentration-Substrate Equivalent Lead = Corrected Lead Concentration. See also XRF analyzer.

Target housing: Any residential unit constructed before 1978, except dwellings that do not contain bedrooms or dwellings that were developed specifically for the elderly or persons with disabilities, unless a child younger than 6 resides or is expected to reside in the dwelling. In the case of jurisdictions that banned the sale or use of lead-based paint befor 1978, the Secretary of HUD may designate an earlier date for defining target housing.

Test location: A specific area on a testing combination where XRF instruments will test for lead-based paint.

Trained: Successful completion of a training course in a particular discipline. For lead hazards control work, the training course must be accredited by the EPA or by an EPA-approved State program, pursuant to Title IV of the Toxic Substances Control Act.

Treatment: In residential lead-based paint hazard control work, any method designed to control lead-based paint hazards. Treatment includes interim controls, abatement, and removal.

Trough: See Window trough.

Windowsill: See Interior windowsill.

Window trough: For a typical double-hung widow, the portion of the exterior windowsill between the interior windowsill (or stool) and the frame of the storm window. If there is no storm window, the window trough is the area that receives both the upper and lower window sashes when they are both lowered. Sometimes inaccurately called the window �well�.

Worker: An individual who has completed training in an accredited program to perform lead-based paint hazard control in housing.

Worksite: Any interior or exterior area where lead-based paint hazard control work takes place.

XRF analyzer: An instrument that determines lead concentration in milligrams per square centimeter (mg/cm3) using the principle of x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Two types of field portable XRF analyzers are used � direct readers and spectrum analyzers. For this lead-based paint inspection, the term XRF analyzer only refers to portable instruments manufactured to analyze paint, that have a HUD Performance Characteristic Sheet, and are interpreted in accordance with the Performance Characteristic Sheet. It does not refer here to laboratory-grade units or portable instruments designed to analyze soil.