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e carl Typewritten Text Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers carl Typewritten Text IEEE 45: Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard carl Typewritten Text

46 CFR 110.10-1

5 ™

IEEE Std 45™ -2002 (Revision of IEEE Std 45-1998)

IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard

IEEE Industry Applications Society Sponsored by the International Marine Industry Committee

@ IEEE

Published by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA

11 October 2002 Print: SH95035

PDF: SS95035

IEEE Std 45™ -2002

IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard

Sponsor

International Marine Industry Committee of the IEEE Industry Applications Society

Approved 12 September 2002

IEEE-SA Standards Board

(Revision of IEEE Std 45-1998)

Abstract: Recommendations for the design, selection, and installation of equipment on merchant vessels with electrical apparatus for lighting, signaling, communication, power, and propulsion are provided.

Keywords: marine electrical engineering, marine vessels, shipboard systems, ships

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

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Copyright© 2002 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

All rights reserved. Published 11 October 2002. Printed in the United States of America.

"National Electrical Code" and "NEC" are both registered trademarks owned by the National Fire Protection Association, Inc.

Print: ISBN 0-7381-3381-7 SH95035

PDF: ISBN 0-7381-3382-5 SS95035

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Introduction

(This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 45-2002, IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Tnstallations on Shipboard.)

IEEE Std 45-2002, IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard, constitutes the chief undertaking of the Marine Transportation Committee of the IEEE industry Applications Society.

As an I E E E recommended practice, this document provides procedures preferred by I E E E . Following the procedures in this recommended practice does not guarantee safety, and users should take all the reasonable, independent steps necessary to minimize risks to safety.

Due to the differences among the requirements of the various classification societies and the insurance companies regarding electrical installations on shipboard, and the lack of any accepted standard engineering regarding electrical installations on shipboard, and the lack of any accepted standard engineering practice for marine installations, the AIEE3 in 1913 appointed the Marine Committee (now called Marine Transportation Committee) to take up the preparation of standard marine rules. The first edition was prepared covering two important divisions; namely, fire protection requirements and marine construction requirements. They were adopted by the American Bureau of Shipping and published as Section 37 of their Rules for the building and classing of vessels. As the first edition of the rules did not cover the entire field of use of electricity on shipboard, the Marine Committee of the Institute was continued. The recommendations were considerably amplified in the editions issued in 1920, 1927, 1930, 1938, 1940, 1945, 1948, 1951, 1955, 1958, 1962, 1967, 1971, 1977, 1983, and 1998.

This edition updates the 1998 edition. The standard has been reorganized to eliminate duplications and make it easier to use. It includes many significant additions, changes, and deletions to reflect North American and International marine electrical engineering technology and the latest system design, installation, and test practices necessary to ensure safe and reliable operation.

aln l 963 the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) merged with the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) to become the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE).

Copyright© 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. 111

The following is a list of participants in the International Marine Industry Committee of the IEEE Industry Applications Society.

Edward Aberbach Chris Adams Alf Kare Adnanes Chuck Barlow Scott Barnes David N. Bishop Rudy Bright David B. Burns Jerry A. Cincotta William Colavecchio Richard J. Collins Walter Constantine Harry Conte James Cospolich John Croston Warren Cully Charles A. Darnell Donald Davis Brian S. Ensign

H. R. Stewart, Chair David N. Bishop, Vice Chair

Sue Vogel, Secretary

Ronald Essigmann Thomas Feil Jeffrey J. Gleason Joan Grande-Butera Thomas Guida James Hail Leonard Haim Marcelo Hirschler Erik Hoffmann George F. Hull III Mohammed Islam William Jones Henning Karlsen Philip Laudicina George Mahl Michal Maier Thomas Martin Per Martinsen Michael Mayfield

Gerard Maz David C. O'Donnell Robert Philibert Dieter Popoff David T. Dunn Nancy Robinson Frank H. Rocchio Dan Rodriguez John Rosata James A. Ruggieri Gary L. Savage Brian P. Sharman David R. Stewart H. R. Stewart Francis Stone Frank Vasser Donald A. Voltz Larry A. Wilkerson John E. Winbery

The following members of the balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention.

Ed Aberbach Frank De Winter David O'Donnell Chris Adams Marcus 0 . Durham Lorraine Padden Alf Kare Adnanes Ronald Essigmann Gene Pecora Paul Anderson Travis Griffith Robert Philibert Scott Barnes Leonard Haim Dieter Popoff David N. Bishop Paul Hamer Frank H. Rocchio Frederick Bried Marcelo Hirschler James A. Ruggieri Rudy Bright Richard Hulett Chet Sandberg Robert Brown Mohammed Islam Vincent Saporita Dave Burns Ben Johnson David R. Stewart Walter Constantine William Jones H. R. Stewart James Cospolich Stephen H. Kerr Francis Stone Guru Dutt Dhingra Royce King Frank Vasser James Daly Philip Laudicina Donald Voltz Charles A. Darnell Michal Maier William D. Wilkens Donald Davis Wayne Madden John E Winberry

George Mahl John Malinowski iv Copyright© 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.

When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 12 September 2002, it had the following membership:

Sid Bennett H. Stephen Berger Clyde R. Camp Richard DeBlasio Harold E. Epstein Julian Forster* Howard M. Frazier

*Member Emeritus

James T. Carlo, Chair James H. Gurney, Vice Chair

Judith Gorman, Secretary

Toshia Fukuda Arnold M. Greenspan Raymond Hapeman Donald M. Heirman Richard H. Hulett Lowell G. Johnson Joseph L. Koepfinger* Peter H. Lips

Also included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaison:

Copyright© 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.

Alan Cookson, NIST Representative Salish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative

Don Messina IEEE Standards Project Editor

Nader Mehravari Daleep C. Mohla William J. Moylan Malcolm V. Thaden Geoffrey 0 . Thompson Howard L. Wolfman Don Wright

V

Contents

1 . Overview

1.1 Scope ................................................................................................................................ I

1.2 Purpose

1.3 Vessel classification

1.4 Documentation

1.5 Environmental conditions

1.6 Equipment construction, testing, and certification

1.7 Application of various national and international standards

1.8 Materials

1.9 Brittle material

2. References

3. Definitions vi

3.1 General

3 .2 Cable installation 3 .3 Generators

3.4 Motors

3 .5 Converters 3 .6 Rotating machine ventilation 3 .7 Equipment enclosures 3 .8 Control apparatus and switchgear

3.9 Insulation system

3.10 Types of circuits and terms

3.11 Automatic or centralized control systems

4. Power system characteristics

4.1 Standard systems

4.2 Standard voltages

4.3 Standard frequency

4.4 Selection of voltage and system type

4.5 AC power system characteristics

4.6 Power quality and hannonics

5. Power system design

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10

General Circuit elements Shore power Demand factors Voltage drop Lighting distribution Distribution for power equipment Branch circuits System protection Lightning protection

Copyright© 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.

6. Emergency power systems

6.1 General

6.2 Emergency generators

6.3 Emergency storage battery

6.4 Emergency power distribution system

6.5 Emergency switchboard configuration

6.6 Temporary emergency power

6.7 Temporary emergency circuits

6.8 Final emergency circuits

6.9 Time factor for supply of emergency power:

6 .10 Cargo vessels

6.11 Passenger vessels ( ocean and coastwise)

6.12 Passenger vessels (coastal and inland waters)

6.13 Passenger vessels (other)

6.14 Passenger vessels with RO-RO (roll on-roll off) cargo spaces

6.15 Passenger vessels without an independent emergency source of power

7. Electric power generation

7 .1 General 7 .2 Installation and location 7 .3 Prime movers

7.4 Generators

7 .5 Generator metering and protection-general 7 .6 Minimum equipment for ac generator switchboard

8. Switchboards

8.1 Switchboard arrangement criteria

8 .2 Installation and location

8.3 Low-voltage switchboards (600 V ac and less for ANSI; 1000 V ac and less for

IEC)-description and requirements

8.4 Medium-voltage switchboards (0.601-38.0 kV ac for ANSI and 1.01-35.0 kV ac for IEC)-description and requirements 8 .5 Switchboards-application requirements 8 .6 Circuit breakers-application

8.7 Temperatures

8.8 Arrangement of switchboard equipment

8 .9 Overload and short-circuit protection

8.10 Switchboard phase and ground bus

8.11 Terminations

8. 12 Wire and conductor terminal lugs

8.13 Nameplates

8.14 Switchboard testing

9. Control systems

9.1 General

9.2 Documentation

9.3 Control system design-general

9.4 Control system equipment location

9 .5 Machinery control 9 .6 System design characteristics

Copyright© 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. vii

9 .7 Control system power supply 9 .8 Continuity of power 9 .9 Communication systems

9.10 Alarms

9 .11 Control cabling 9 .12 Control power distribution 9 .13 Hazardous location considerations 9 .14 Control system testing 9 .15 Maintenance philosophy and design 9 .16 Control system sensors 9 .17 Control system programming 9 .18 Design considerations 9 .19 Instrumentation

9.20 Environmental conditions

9 .21 Control system voltage and frequency

9.22 Electromagnetic frequency

9.23 Equipment enclosures

9.24 Control console design-general

9.25 Control console components

9.26 Meters and gauges

9 .27 Control devices

9.28 Ergonomics (human factors)

9.29 Identification and marking

9 .30 Ventilation 9 .31 Sealing

9.32 Environmental monitoring

IO. Control apparatus

IO.I General

10.2 Installation and location

10.3 Types

10 .4 Protecting cases 10 .5 Disconnecting means 10 .6 Manual starters and controllers

10.7 Magnetic starters and controllers

10 .8 Solid-state starters and controllers ................................................................................ !03 10 .9 Medium voltage controllers .......................................................................................... l 03

10.10 Pushbuttons

10.11 Resistors

10 .12 Circuit breakers IO .13 Knife blade switches and contacts IO .14 Corrosion-resistant parts

10.15 Nameplates

10.16 Tests

l O .17 Limits of temperature rises

10.18 Insulation-voltage test

IO .19 General requirements for contactors

10.20 Rectifiers

11 . Control application viii

11.1 11.2

General Deck machinery

11.3 Ventilation fans

11.4 Galley, laundry, workshop, print shop, and similar spaces

11.5 Machinery space auxiliaries

11.6 Air compressor

11.7 Remote stopping systems

12. Transformers ................................................................................................................................... I 14

12.1 General

12.2 Installation and location

12.3 Type, number, and rating

12 .4 Voltage regulation

12.5 Parallel operation

12.6 Temperature rise

12.7 Terminals and connections

12.8 Nameplates

13. Motors

13. I General application 13 .2 AC and de motors-general 13 .3 Selection 13 .4 Installation and location 13 .5 Insulation of windings

13.6 Locked rotor kV A

13 .7 Efficiency

13.8 Lubrication

13 .9 Terminal arrangements

13. IO Corrosion-resistance parts

13.11 Nameplates

13.12 Ambient temperature

13.13 Limits of temperature rise

13 .14 Insulation tests 13 .15 Insulation resistance

13.16 Tests

13 .17 Temperature-rise test 13 .18 Insulation resistance test 13 .19 High-potential test 13 .20 Overload test

13.21 Commutation test

14. Motor application-general

14.1 General

14.2 Duty rating

14.3 Steering gear motors

15. Brakes

15.1 Types

15 .2 AC brakes 15 .3 DC brakes

15.4 Accessibility

15.5 Enclosures

Copyright© 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. IX

15.6 Construction

15 .7 Tests

15.8 Brake application

16. Magnetic friction clutches

16.1 General

16.2 Tests

17. Distribution equipment

17.1 Distribution panels

17.2 Circuit breakers

17 .3 Wire lugs and connectors

17.4 Feeder box fittings

17 .5 Branch box fittings 17 .6 Connection box fittings 17 .7 Shore connection boxes 17 .8 Feeder, branch, and connection boxes 17 .9 Receptacles, plugs, and switches-nonwatertight

17.10 Receptacles, plugs, and switches other than nonwatertight

17.1 I Terminal and stuffing tubes

17 .12 Multicable penetrators 17 .13 Bolts, taps, and so on 17 .14 Power factor correction capacitors

18. Heating equipment

18.1 General

18.2 Temperature and tests

18.3 Nameplates

19. Galley equipment

19 .1 Electric cooking equipment

19.2 Testing

19.3 Motor-driven equipment

19.4 Nameplates

20. Lighting equipment

X

20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 20.8 20.9 20.10 20.11

General Location Provisions for portable lighting Permanent watertight fixtures Permanent nonwatertight fixtures High-intensity discharge lamp fixtures Lighting for hazardous locations Illumination Searchlights Emergency lighting Nameplates

2 I. Navigation lights and signals .......................................................................................................... I 45

21 . I General .......................................................................................................................... I 45

21.2 Navigation lights

21.3 Signaling lights

21.4 Navigation light indicator panel... ................................................................................. I 46

21.5 Whistle and siren control systems

22. Storage batteries

22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 22.7 22.8 22.9 22.10 22.11

General Recommendations Specific applications Type of batteries Selection and assembly Installation and arrangement ......................................................................................... 15 I Ventilation Cables Battery rating Charging facilities Overload protection ...................................................................................................... I 56

23. Cables types for installation on shipboard

23.1 Marine Shipboard Cable

23.2 Navy cable

23.3 Other shipboard cables

23.4 Ml cable

23 .5 Specialty cables ............................................................................................................ I 58

24. Cable application

24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 24.6 24.7 24.8 24.9 24.10

24.1 I

24.12

General Distribution cables (600/1000 V) Distribution cables (medium voltage, 2000 V to 35 000 V) Control cables (600/1000 V) Signal cables (300 V, 600/1000 V) Special service requirements AC applications Ampacities Ambient temperatures ................................................................................................... I 68 Armored cables Skin effect ratio ............................................................................................................ I 68 Circuits in the vicinity of magnetic compass

25. Cable installation

25. I Single-conductor ac cables

25.2 Cable continuity and grounding

25 .3 Cable locations

25.4 Cable protection ............................................................................................................ I 7 I

25.5 Cable support and retention

25 .6 Cables-radius of bends 25 .7 Cables through bulkheads, docks, beams, and so on

Copyright© 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. xi

25.8 25.9 25.10 25.11 25.12

Cable pulling in force Cable rat proofing Holes for cables Cable splicing Propulsion cables

26. Interior communications systems

26.1 General

26.2 Engine order telegraph system

26.3 Rudder angle indicator

26.4 Refrigerated and cold storage alarm system

26.5 General emergency alarm system

26.6 Alarm system for lubricating oils, refrigeration, and other fluid systems

26.7 Voice communication systems

27. Exterior communication and navigation systems

27.1 General

27 .2 Safety 27 .3 General installation guidelines

27.4 Power supplies

27 .5 Radio interference 27 .6 Antennas 27 .7 Equipment installation guidelines

28. Fire detection, alarm, and sprinkler systems

28.1 General

28 .2 Manual fire alarm systems 28 .3 Automatic fire alarm systems

28.4 Fire detection and fire alarm system for periodically unattended machinery spaces 28 .5 Smoke extraction systems 28 .6 Detector types 28 .7 Automatic sprinkler, fire detection, and fire alarm systems

29. Watertight and fire door equipment

29 .1 General

29.2 Watertight door systems

29 .3 Fire door holding and release systems

30. Gyro compass systems

30 .1 General 30 .2 Installation and location

30.3 Power supply

31. Electric propulsion and maneuvering system xii

31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4

Scope Regulations System requirements Prime movers for integrated power and propulsion plants

31.5 31.6 31.7 31.8 31.9 31.10 31.11 31.12 31.13 31.14 31.15 31.16 31.17 31.18 31.19 31.20 31.21 31.22

Generators for integrated power and propulsion plants Propulsion drive transformers Propulsion motors Propulsion power conversion equipment Main power switchboard Propulsion control equipment Power management Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) Podded propulsion Propulsion cables Tests Propulsion equipment location Ventilation Bed-plates and foundations Lubrication Fire extinguishers Protection during storage and installation System operation and maintenance

32. Steering systems

32.1 General

32.2 Navigating bridge installation

32.3 Power supply

32.4 Alarm system

32.5 Steering gear

32.6 Steering control systems

33. Hazardous locations, installations, and equipment

33.1 General

33 .2 Hazardous area classification

33.3 Area classification for various vessel types

33 .4 Hazardous location equipment

33.5 Hazardous location equipment markings

33.6 Approved equipment

33.7 Wiring methods-hazardous locations

33.8 Additional recommendations for tank vessels carrying bulk liquefied gas or ammonia

34. Ship tests

34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.6 34.7 34.8 34.9 34.10 34.11 34.12

General New installations Generating sets Switchboards Motors and controllers Lighting Communication systems Steering system Control systems Emergency electrical systems Storage batteries Electric heating systems

Copyright© 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. XIII

34.13 34.14

Voltage drop Existing installations

35. Spare Parts

Annex A (informative) General infonnation on hazardous location classification and equipment Annex B (informative) Circuit designations Annex C (informative) Enclosures NEMA and IEC characteristics, designations, and comparison Annex D (informative) Bibliography xiv Copyright© 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.

IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard

1. Overview

1.1 Scope

These recommendations establish the minimally acceptable guidelines for the design, selection, and installation of systems and equipment aboard marine vessels applying electrical apparatus for power, propulsion, steering, automation, navigation, lighting, and communications. These recommendations describe present-day acceptable electrical engineering methods and practices.

It is recognized that changes and improvements in shipboard requirements may develop that are not specifically covered herein; such changes, if incorporated in the design, should be equal to the safety and reliability levels established herein and generally in accord with the intent of these standards.

In developing these recommendations, consideration was given to the electrical and engineering requirements promulgated by various regulatory agencies, classification societies, and by the International Maritime Organization's International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (IMO SOLAS), as amended.

This recommended practice was developed by a voluntary consensus body to provide assistance and guidance to regulatory agencies governing electrical engineering requirements.

1.2 Purpose

The main purpose of this recommended practice is to provide a consensus of recommended practices in the unique field of marine electrical engineering as applied specifically to ships, shipboard systems, and equipment.

1.3 Vessel classification

1.3.1 Vessel classification this recommended practice is applicable to

These recommendations have been prepared for application for the following vessels:

a) Tank vessels-All vessels whose principle purpose is the carrying of combustible or flammable liquid cargo in bulk.

IEEE

Std 45-2002 IEEE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR ELECTRICAL

b) Passenger vessels

1) All vessels of 100 gross tons or more whose principle purpose is the carrying of passengers.

2) Small passenger vessels under 100 gross tons carrying more than 6, but less than 150 passengers, or has overnight accommodations for less than 50 passengers.

3) Small passenger vessels carrying more than 150 passengers or with overnight accommodations for more than 49 passengers.

c) Cargo and miscellaneous vessels-All vessels carrying freight for hire not covered in other groups, all tugboats and tow boats, all seagoing barges not covered in other groups.

d) Mobile offshore drilling units (MODU}-A vessel, other than a "mobile inland drilling unit," which is capable of engaging in drilling or workover operations for the explorations and exploitation of subsea mineral resources. These recommendations apply to all types ofMODUs without production facilities, including, but not limited to, semi-submersible units, submersible units, self-elevating or jack-up units, and drillships and tenders.

e) Mobile inland drilling units (MIDU}-A vessel, other than a "mobile offshore drilling unit," which is capable of engaging in drilling or workover operations for the exploration or exploitation of subsea mineral resources and is designed and intended for use in U.S. waters, rivers, inland lakes, bays, or sounds. These recommendations apply to all types of MIDU without production facilities, including, but not limited to, inland barges and posted inland barges.

f) Offshore supply vessels.

g) Nautical school vessels.

h) Oceanographic research vessels-All vessels engaged in oceanographic research.

i) Noncombatant vessels-Including all naval auxiliary ships, military supply vessels, and icebreakers.

1.3.2 Vessel classification and facilities this recommended practice is not applicable to

These recommendations have not been prepared for application for the facilities and vessels listed in item a) item b ), and item c) because they are outside the scope of this recommended practice and are covered under national and international standards.

a) Fixed petroleum facilities.

b) Floating petroleum facilities-A buoyant facility that is securely and substantially moored so that it cannot be moved without a special effort. The term includes, but is not limited to, tension leg platforms, floating production systems, floating production storage and offloading (FPSO), and spar buoy or deep draft caisson vessel. These types of floating facilities are site-specific and not intended for periodic relocation. Other types of floating facilities include permanently moored semi-submersibles and shipshape hulls. All of these types of floating facilities produce hydrocarbons from the well and process them on board and either store them on board and pump the produced hydrocarbon into a pipeline or directly onto another vessel.

c) Recreational vessels.

1.4 Documentation

Every vessel should be provided with comprehensive sets of as-built electrical installation drawings and instruction books providing complete and detailed information regarding the operation and maintenance of the systems and equipment. Drawings for each system should provide cable routing information, cable identification, cable sizes, loads, protective device settings, circuit data, conductor termination details, and material lists. Calculation of fault currents with associated overcurrent protective device coordination curves should also be provided. Instruction books should include descriptions and illustrations that provide equipment operating instructions, maintenance procedures, test requirements, and spare parts recommendations. A booklet containing the manufacturer's name, size, type, rating, catalog number, or similar identification for all electrical and electronic equipment on the vessel should also be provided for use by shipboard personnel. An as-built one-line diagram of the ship's power generation and distribution system should be permanently installed in a location accessible at all times to the engineering personnel.

2 Copyright© 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.

INSTALLATIONS ON SHIPBOARD

Std 45-2002

1.5 Environmental conditions

1.5.1 Normal design and operating conditions

Systems and equipment should be suitable for continuous operation under the following shipboard conditions:

a) Exposure to moisture-laden and salt-laden atmosphere, weather, sun, high wind velocities, and ice.

b) Equipment and systems shall be desig n ed for temperature extremes and conditions expected.

Typically, the following conditions can be used: ambient temperature values of 40 °C in accommodation areas, and similar spaces; 45 °C in main and auxiliary machinery spaces; 50 °C for rotating machinery and propulsion equipment in main and auxiliary machinery spaces containing sig n ificant heat sources such as prime movers and boilers; and 65 °C in the uptakes of machinery spaces containing prime movers and boilers; all at relative humidities up to 95%. The design value for seawater cooling temperature should be 32 °C.

c) Roll and pitch of a vessel underway, as shov.n in Table 1.

Table 1-Roll and pitch requirements

Roll

Static Dynamic Static

(0) (0) {° )

Ship service 15 22.5 5 equipment

Emergency 22.5 22.5 10 equipmene

Switchgear 45 45 45

Pitch

Dynamic

7.5

3In vessels designed for carriage of liquefied gases and of chemicals, the emergency power instal-lation is to remain operable with the vessel flooded to its permissible athwartship inclination up to a maximum of 30° .

d) Vibration of a vessel underway: Electrical equipment should be constructed to withstand at least the following:

1) Vibration frequency range of 5-50 Hz with a velocity amplitude of20 mm/s.

2) Peak accelerations due to ship motion in a seaway of± 5.9 m/sec2 for ships exceeding 90 m in length, and± 9.8 m/sec2 for smaller ships, with a duration of 5-10 s.

1.5.2 Abnormal design and operating conditions

Special conditions for a specific ship desig n or operating arrangement may require special consideration.

Examples of such conditions include, but are not necessarily limited to

Exposure to damaging fumes or vapors, excessive or abrasive dust, steam, salt-spray, ice, sunlight, physical damage, and so on Exposure to high levels of shock and vibration Exposure to high or low temperatures Operation in flammable atmospheres (see Clause 33) Exposure to unusual loading or unloading conditions affecting list and trim Unusual operating cycles, frequency of operation, poor power quality, special insulation requirements, stringent or difficult maintenance requirements, and so on

Copyright© 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. 3

1.6 Equipment construction, testing, and certification

Electrical apparatus and equipment should be constructed and tested in accordance with the requirements of appropriate national and international equipment standards. Standards specifically addressing marine requirements should be used whenever applicable. Many appropriate standards are referenced in this document. All electrical equipment should be tested and certified, with labeling and follow-up services (i.e., listed) by a recognized independent laboratory acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

1. 7 Application of various national and international standards

CAUTION

It is recognized that various national and international standards for equipment and installations are not identical. However, it is recognized that mixing of standards is occasionally necessary. Therefore, the application of any of these standards is the choice of the user, authority having jurisdiction, and classification society.

Special precautions must be exercised when mixing equipment designed to different national and interna-tional standards. Coordination of different equipment design and testing standards, construction ratings, installation methods, and performance must be carefully analyzed.

1.8 Materials

1.8.1 Corrosion-resistant parts

Where essential to minimize deterioration due to marine atmospheric corrosion, corrosion-res1stmg materials, or other materials treated in a satisfactory manner to render them adequately resistant to corrosion, should be used. Silver, corrosion-resisting steel, copper, brass, bronze, copper-nickel, certain nickel-copper alloys, and certain aluminum alloys are considered satisfactory corrosion-resisting materials.

The following treatments, when properly performed and of a sufficiently heavy coating, are considered satisfactory corrosion-resistant treatments:

Electroplating

Sherardizing

Galvanizing

Dipping and painting (phosphate or suitable cleaning, followed by the application of a coating system) meeting the requirements of ASTM B 117-97 1 ).

These provisions apply to the following components:

Parts. Interior small parts that are normally expected to be removed in service, such as bolts, nuts, pins, screws, cap screws, terminals, brushholder studs, springs, and so on.

Assemblies, subassemblies, and other units where necessary due to the unit function, or for interior protection, such as shafts within a motor or generator enclosure, and surface of stator and rotor.

1 Information on references can be found in Clause 2.

4 Copyright© 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.

Std 45-2002

Enclosures and their fastenings and fittings. Enclosing cases for control apparatus, outer cases for signal and communication systems (both outside and inside), and similar items, together with all their fastenings and fittings that would be seriously damaged or rendered ineffective by corrosion.

1.8.2 Flame-retardant materials

Flame-retardant materials and structures should be used to the maximum extent practicable throughout the vessel. These materials should have such fire-resisting properties that they will not convey flame nor continue to bum for longer times than specified in the appropriate flame test.

Compliance with the requirements of the preceding paragraph should be determined with the apparatus and according to the methods described in appropriate nationally recognized test laboratory standards for the materials and structures being considered, unless specific applicable tests are invoked in these recommendations.

1.9 Brittle material

Porcelain or other brittle insulating materials should not be used for bus supports, lamp sockets, receptacles, fuse blocks, and so on, where the material is rigidly fastened by machine screws or equivalent.

2. References

This recommended practice shall be used in conjunction with the following publications. Unless the standard is specifically dated, the current approved edition shall apply.

ANSI/NEMA JCS 1-1993, Industrial Control and Systems General Requirements.2

ANSI/NEMA MG 1-1998, Motors and Generators.

API RP 14F-1999, Design and Installation of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations.3

API RP 14FZ-2001, Desig n and Installation of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Zone 0, Zone 1, Zone 2 Locations.

API RP 500-1997, Classifications of Locations for Electrical Installation at Petrolemn Facilities Classified as Class I, Division 1 and Division 2.

API RP 505-1997, Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2.

API Std 541, Form-Wound Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors - 250 Horsepower & Larger, 3rd Edition, 1995.

ASTM D-178-2001, Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Matting.4

ASTM B 117-97, Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (FOG) Apparatus.

2 ANSI publications are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http://www.ansi.org/).

3 API publications are available from the Publications Section, American Petroleum Institute, 1200 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA (http://www.api.org/).

4ASTM publications are available from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA (http://www.astm.org/).

Copyright© 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. 5

ASTM D229-96, Standard Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical Insulation.

ASTM F1003-86 (R1992), Standard Specification for Searchlights on Motor Lifeboats.

ASTM Fl 166-95a, Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment and Facilities.

BS 6883-1999, Specification for Elastomer-Insulated Cables for Fixed Wiring in Ships and on Mobile and Fixed Offshore Units. 5

CSA C22.2 No. 45, Rigid Metal Conduit.6

CSA C22.2 No. 38-1995, Thermoplastic Insulated Wires and Cables; (Gen. Instr. I).

IEEE Std C37.04 ' " -1999, IEEE Standard Rating Structure for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis. 7, 8

IEEE Std C37.13 " '-1990 (Reaff 1995), IEEE Standard for Low-Voltage AC Power Circuit Breakers Used in Enclosures.

IEEE Std C37.20 " ' -1987, Switchgear Assemblies - Including Metal Enclosed Bus.9

IEEE Std C37.20.l " '-1993 (Reaff 1998), IEEE Standard for Metal-Enclosed Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker Switchgear.

IEEE Std C37.20.2 " ' -1999, IEEE Standard for Metal-Clad Switchgear.

IEEE Std C37.20.7"'-2000, IEEE Guide for Testing Medium-Voltage Metal-Enclosed Switchgear for Internal Arcing Faults.

IEEE Std C57.13 "' -1993, IEEE Standard Requirements for Instrument Transformers.

IEEE Std 43 ™ -2000, IEEE Recommended Practice for Testing Insulation Resistance of Rotating Machinery.

IEEE Std 48™-1996, IEEE Standard Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Tem1inations 2.5 kV through 765 kV.

IEEE Std 112 ™-1996, IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators.

IIEEE Std 115 " ' -1995, IEEE Guide: Test Procedures for Synchronous Machines, Part I-Acceptance and Performance Testing, Part II-Test Procedures and Parameter Determination for Dynamic Analysis.

IEEE Std 432 "' -1992, IEEE Guide for Insulation Maintenance for Rotating Electric Machinery (5 hp to less than IO 000 hp).

5BS standards are available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, Colorado 80112, USA (http://global.ihs.com/).

6CSA publications are available from the Canadian Standards Association (Standards Sales), 178 Rexdale Blvd., Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3 (http://www.csa.ca/).

7Tue IEEE standards or products referred to in Clause 2 are trademarks owned by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated.

8IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA (http://standards.ieee.org/).

9IEEE Std C37.20-!987 has been withdrawn; however, copies can be obtained from Global Engineering, 15 Inverness Way East, Engle-wood, CO 80112-5704, USA, tel. (303) 792-2181 (http://globaLihs.com/).

6 Copyright© 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.

Std 45-2002

IEEE Std 444 ™-1973 (Reaff 1992), Standard Practices and Requirements for Thyristor Converters for Motor Drives, Part I-Converters for DC Motor Armature Supplies.

IEEE Std 515 ™-1997, IEEE Standard for the Testing, Design, Installation and Maintenance of Electrical Resistance Heat Tracing for Industrial Applications.

IEEE Std 515.1 ™-1995, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Testing, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Resistance Heat Tracing for Commercial Applications.

IEEE Std 576 '"-2001, IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation, Termination, and Testing of Insulated Power Cable as Used in the Petroleum and Chemical Industry.

IEEE Std 835 ™-1994, IEEE Standard Power Cable Ampacity Tables.

IEEE Std 841 ™-2001, IEEE Standard for Petroleum and Chemical Industry-Severe Duty Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC) SquiITel Cage Induction Motors-Up to and Including 370 kW (500 hp).

IEEE Std 844 '"-2000, IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Impedance, Induction, and Skin Effect Heating of Pipelines and Vessels.

IEEE Std 1202 ™-1991 (Reaff 1996), IEEE Standard for Flame Testing of Cables for Use in Cable Tray in Industrial and Commercial Occupancies.

IEEE Std 1580™-2001, IEEE Recommended Practice for Marine Cable for Use on Shipboard and Fixed or Floating Platforms.

IES RP-12-1998, Recommended Practice for Marine Lighting. 10

IMO Resolution A.686 (20 January 1992), Code on Alarms and Indicators. 11

ITS C3410, Cables and Flexible Cords for Electrical Equipment of Ships. 12

MIL-PRF-85045F, General Specifications for Cables, Fiber Optics (METRIC). 13

NES-711 Issue 2, January 1981, Determination of the Smoke Index of the Products of Combustion from Small Specimens of Materials, as modified in MIL-C-24643, paragraph 4. 7 .2 7 .14

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems. 15

NFPA 70-2002, National Electrical Code® (NEC® ).

NFPA 77-2000, Static Electricity.

1°IES publications are available from CSSinfo, 310 Miller Avenue, Ann Arbor, Ml 48103, USA.

11IMO publications are available from the International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert Embankment, London SEl 7SR, United Kingdom.

12nS standards are available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, Colorado 80112, USA (http://global.ihs.com/).

13MIL publications are available from Customer Service, Defense Printing Service, 700 Robbins Ave., Bldg. 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 (http://store.mil-standards.com).

14NES publications are available from Procurement Executive, Ministry of Defense, Ship Department, Section TE112, Block G, Foxhill, Bath, United Kingdom.

15NFPA publications are published by the National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269, USA (http://www.nfpa.org/).

Copyright© 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. 7

NFPA 72-1999, National Fire Alann Code.

SOLAS Consolidated Edition, 1997, Consolidated text of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, and its Protocol of 1978: articles, annexes and certificates. Incorporating all amendments in effect from 1 July 1997. 16

UL 13-1996, Standard for Safety for Power-Limited Circuit Cables. 17

UL 62-1997, Standard for Safety for Flexible Cord and Fixture Wire.

UL 73-1993, Standard for Safety for Motor-Operated Appliances.

UL 153-2002, Standard for Safety for Portable Electric Luminaries.

UL 197-1993, Standard for Safety for Commercial Electric Cooking Appliances.

UL 347-1993, Standard for Safety for High Voltage Industrial Control Equipment.

UL 399-1993, Standard for Safety for Drinking-Water Coolers.

UL 444-1994, Standard for Safety for Communication Cables.

UL 486A-1991, Standard of Safety for Wire Connectors and Soldering Lugs for Use With Copper Conductors.

UL 489-1996, Standard for Safety for Molded-Case Circuit Breakers, Molded-Case, Switches, and Circuit- Breakers Enclosures.

UL 507-1999, Standard for Safety for Electric Fans.

UL 595-1985, Standard for Safety for Marine Type Electric Lighting Fixtures.

UL 845-1995, Standard for Safety for Motor Control Centers.

UL 891-1998, Standard for Safety for Dead-Front Switchboards.

UL 913-1988, Standard for Intrinsically Safe Apparatus and Associated Apparatus for Use in Class II, and III, Division 1, Hazardous Locations.

UL 921-1992, Standard of Safety for Commercial Electric Dishwashers.

UL 924-1995, Standard for Safety for Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment.

UL l 008-1996, Standard of Safety for Transfer Switch Equipment.

UL 1042-1994, Standard of Safety for Electric Baseboard Heating Equipment.

UL 1309-1995, Standard for Safety Marine Shipboard Cable.

16SOLAS publications are available from the International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert Embankment, London SE! 7SR, United Kingdom.

17UL standards are available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, Colorado 80112, USA (http://global.ihs.com/).

8 Copyright© 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.

Std 45-2002

UL 1278-2000, Standard for Safety for Moveable and Wall- or Ceiling-Hung Electric Room Heaters.

UL 1558-1999, Standard for Safety for Metal-Enclosed Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breakers Switchgear.

UL 1570-1995, Standard for Safety for Fluorescent Lighting Fixtures.18

UL 1571-1995, Standard for Safety for Incandescent Lighting Fixtures.19

UL 15 72-1995, Standard for Safety for High Intensity Discharge Lighting Fixtures. 20

UL 1598-2000, Standard for Safety for Luminaires for Maine Use or Reflector Kit Applications.

UL 1651-1997, Standard for Safety for Optical Fiber Cable.

UL 2021-1997, Standard for Safety for Fixed and Location-Dedicated Electric Room Heaters.

UL 2250-1996, Standard for Safety for Instrumentation Tray Cable.

3. Definitions

For the purposes of the recommended practice, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary o f IEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition [B31 ], should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause.

3.1 General

3.1.1 accommodation spaces: Spaces provided for passengers and crew members that are used for berthing, dining rooms, mess spaces, offices, private baths, toilets and showers, lounges, and similar spaces.

3.1.2 alternating current (ac): A periodic current with an average value over a period of time of zero.

(Unless distinctly specified otherwise, the term refers to a current that reverses at regularly recurring intervals of time and that has alternately positive and negative values.)

3.1.3 asynchronous machine: A machine in which the speed of operation is not proportional to the frequency of the system to which it is connected.

3.1.4 automatic bus transfer {ABT) system: Self-acting equipment for transferring one or more load conductor connections from one power source to another.

3.1.5 capacitance (capacity): That property of a system of conductors and dielectrics that permits the storage of electricity when potential differences exist between the conductors. Its value is expressed as the ratio of a quantity of electricity to a potential difference. A capacitance value is always positive.

3.1.6 capacitor: A device with the primary purpose of introducing capacitance into an electric circuit.

Capacitors are usually classified, according to their dielectrics, as air capacitors, mica capacitors, paper capacitors, and so on.

18UL 1570-1995 has been withdrawn: however, copies can be obtained from Global Engineering, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112-5704, USA, tel. (303) 792-2181 (http://global.ihs.com/).

19uL 1571-1995 has been withdrawn; however, copies can be obtained from Global Engineering, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112-5704, USA, tel. (303) 792-2181 (http://global.ihs.com/).

2°vL 1572-1995 has been withdrawn; however, copies can be obtained from Global Engineering, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112-5704, USA, tel. (303) 792-2181 (http://global.ihs.com/).

Copyright© 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. 9

3.1.7 cargo vessel: A vessel that can-ies bulk, containerized, or roll-on/roll-off dry cargo, and no more than 12 passengers. Research vessels, search and rescue vessels, and tugs are also considered to be cargo vessels in these recommendations.

3.1.8 cycle: The complete series of values of a periodic quantity that occurs during a period. (It is one complete set of positive and negative values of an alternating current.)

3.1.9 direct current (de): A unidirectional cun-ent in which the changes in value (polarity) are either zero or so small that they may be neglected. (As ordinarily used, the term desig n ates a practically nonpulsating current.)

3.1.10 direct-current (de) commutating machine: A machine that comprises a magnetic field excited from a de source or fonned of permanent magnets, an armature, and a commutator connected therewith. Specific types of de commutating machines are de generators, motors, synchronous converters, boosters, balancers, and dynamotors.

3.1.11 electric coupling: A device for transmitting torque by means of electromag n etic force in which no mechanical torque contact occurs between the driving and driven members.