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This is a technical specification document for joints in concrete flatwork at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma, dated April 2019.
The specification establishes requirements for three types of joints in concrete flatwork: contraction joints, construction joints, and expansion (isolation) joints. Contraction joints are sawed joints intended to regulate crack locations due to dimensional changes and must be cut to a depth of at least one-fourth of slab thickness but no less than one inch in a single pass. Construction joints are created when fresh concrete is placed against existing concrete and must be installed at planned locations or whenever concrete placement is interrupted for more than thirty minutes. All construction joints shall be load transfer type using either keyway metal forms for planned joints or rigid headers with dowel bars for non-planned joints, unless specified otherwise. Expansion joints separate slabs from other structural elements and must permit independent movement; they can be either unsealed with pre-molded filler or sealed with filler installed one-half inch below the concrete surface with subsequent sealant application.
Products specified include preformed expansion joint materials conforming to ASTM D 994, D 1751, or D 1752 depending on type (bituminous, non-extruding bituminous, resilient bituminous, sponge rubber, or cork), all with minimum one-half inch thickness. Joint sealants must conform to ASTM C 920 Type S or Type M, with horizontal joints sealed as Grade P, Class 25, Use T and vertical joints as Grade NS, Class 25, Use NT. Joint spacing guidelines specify maximum distances of two times the slab thickness in feet but not exceeding 15 feet, with expansion joints located at every fourth joint maximum 60 feet apart. Sidewalk joints have separate spacing requirements with expansion joints no more than 30 feet apart. Surface tolerance across joints using a 12-foot straightedge is limited to one-eighth inch variation.
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Text version
Tinker AFB, OK TAFB Technical Specifications 2019
April 2019 Page 1 Section 32 01 18
SECTION 32 01 18
JOINTS IN CONCRETE FLATWORK
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by basic designation only. Unless specifically noted, the current edition of the reference will be used.
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)
ASTM C 920 Standard Specifications for Elastomeric
Joint Sealants
ASTM D 994 Standard Specifications for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete (Bituminous Type)
ASTM D 1751 Standard Specifications for Preformed
Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction (Non-extruding and Resilient Bituminous Types)
ASTM D 1752 Standard Specifications for Preformed
Sponge Rubber Cork and recycled PVC Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction
1.2 DESCRIPTION OF WORK
1.2.1 All concrete flatwork shall to be jointed according to the approved contract documents. If the project plans do not specify a joint layout, then the contractor shall generate a drawing showing the proposed joint locations and submit it in accordance with Section 01 33 00; SUBMITTALS. All joint plans shall be approved prior to the placement of concrete.
1.2.2 Reinforcing steel shall not run continuous through
expansion joints.
1.2.3 Joint patterns shall be square or as near square as
possible.
April 2019 Page 2 Section 32 01 18
1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 Contraction Joint
A Contraction Joint is a sawed joint intended to create a plane of weakness in the concrete and regulate the location of cracks due to dimensional changes.
1.3.2 Construction Joint
A Construction Joint is a joint created by placing fresh concrete against existing concrete. They may be designed to transfer load and to allow movement.
1.3.3 Expansion (Isolation) Joint
An Expansion (Isolation) Joint separates or isolates slabs from other parts of the structure or from points of restraint. It permits independent movement of adjacent concrete elements and helps minimize cracking at points of restraint.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 EXPANSION JOINT, PREFORMED
Preformed expansion material for use in an expansion joint in concrete can be Bituminous Type, Non-extruding Bituminous Type, Resilient Bituminous Type, Sponge Rubber, or Cork. All preformed expansion joint materials shall have a minimum thickness of one half inch.
2.1.1 Bituminous Type
Bituminous type preformed material for use in expansion joints in concrete shall conform to the requirements of
ASTM D 994.
2.1.2 Non-Extruding Bituminous Type and Resilient Bituminous Type
Non-extruding bituminous type and resilient bituminous type preformed material for use in expansion joints in concrete shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D 1751.
2.1.3 Sponge Rubber and Cork
Preformed sponge rubber and cork materials for use in expansion joints in concrete shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D 1752.
April 2019 Page 3 Section 32 01 18
2.2 JOINT SEALANTS
2.2.1 Joint sealants shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C
920, Type S or Type M.
2.2.2 Horizontal joints shall be sealed with Grade P, Class 25, Use T.
2.2.3 Vertical joints shall be sealed with Grade NS, Class 25, Use NT.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 JOINT INSTALLATION
3.1.1 Contraction Joints
3.1.1.1 Contraction joints shall be sawed as soon as the concrete has attained sufficient strength to support the weight of the saw and not ravel at the joint. Saw the concrete in a single pass to a depth equal to at least one fourth of the thickness of the slab, but in no case less than one inch.
3.1.2 Construction Joints
3.1.2.1 Install construction joints as shown on the plans or
whenever there is more than thirty minutes interruption in concrete placement.
3.1.2.2 Joints installed because of an interruption in placement shall be located at the planned joint immediately preceding the interruption.
3.1.2.3 Excess concrete beyond the joint shall be removed and disposed of.
3.1.2.4 Avoid construction joints in concrete that is shown to be continuous.
3.1.3 Load Transfer Construction Joints
3.1.3.1 All construction joints shall be of the load transfer type, unless specified otherwise on the plans.
3.1.3.2 For planned construction joints, use keyway type, metal forms to make the concrete tongue and groove.
3.1.3.3 For non-planned construction joints, use a rigid header with holes or slots for dowel bars. The dowel bars shall be of the same dimensions and spacing as for expansion joints.
April 2019 Page 4 Section 32 01 18
Alternate methods of header construction must be approved by the contracting officer.
3.1.4 Non Load Transfer Construction Joints
3.1.4.1 Clean and roughen the existing concrete, thoroughly wet the cleaned surface and dust with neat cement just prior to placing the new concrete.
3.1.5 Expansion (Isolation) Joints
3.1.5.1 Expansion joints shall be located as shown on the plans and the expansion joint material shall be as specified in the contract documents.
a. Un-sealed Expansion Joints
Install pre-molded expansion joint filler for the full length and the full thickness of the slab. Use a single piece of filler whenever possible. Tool the edges of the concrete at a radius of less than one half inch on both sides of the joint.
b. Sealed Expansion Joints
Install pre-molded expansion joint filler for the full length of the joint. Hold the top of the filler strip one half inch below the top of the concrete with a ½” x filler thickness wood strip. After the concrete has set, remove the wood strip, thoroughly clean the joint, and apply the joint sealant. The surface of the sealant shall be slightly concave after it has set. Use the joint sealant material specified in the contract documents.
3.2 TOLERANCE
3.2.1 When tested with a straightedge, 12 feet in length, the surface across any joint shall not vary from the straightedge by more than one eighth of an inch.
3.3 SPACING
3.3.1 Locate joints as shown on the plans.
3.3.2 If the joint locations are not specified on the plans then use the following guidelines.
3.3.2.1 Joints shall be located in even increments both
longitudinally and transversely. The pattern shall be square or as near square as possible. The ratio of long side to short side shall not exceed 1.5:1.
April 2019 Page 5 Section 32 01 18
3.3.2.2 Space joints at a maximum distance equal to two times the thickness in feet, but less than 15feet.
If t < 7.5” then s = 2t’ If t >= 7.5” then s = 15’
3.3.2.3 Locate expansion joints at every fourth joint, but not more than 60 feet apart.
3.3.2.4 Sidewalks: Space joints in sidewalks at a distance greater than or equal to the sidewalk width but less than or equal to twice the sidewalk width.
w <= s <= 2w
3.3.2.5 Locate expansion joints in sidewalks at every fourth joint, but no more than 30 feet apart.
3.4 SEALING
3.4.1 Unless specified otherwise in the contract documents, all joints shall be sealed with an elastomeric sealing compound in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions.
3.4.2 Joints in sidewalks need not be sealed.
- End of Section -
1.1 REFERENCES
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