Attachment 4.7 UFGS 32 11 23.pdf

USACE / NAVFAC / AFCEC / NASA UFGS- 32 11 23 ( August 2017) Pr epar i ng Act i v i t y: USACE Super sedi ng UFGS- 32 11 23 ( August 2008)

UNI FI ED FACI LI TI ES GUI DE SPECI FI CATI ONS

Ref er ences ar e i n agr eement wi t h UMRL dat ed Januar y 2021

SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 32 - EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS

SECTION 32 11 23

AGGREGATE BASE COURSES

08/17

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 UNIT PRICES

1.1.1 Measurement

1.1.1.1 Area

1.1.1.2 Volume

1.1.1.3 Weight

1.1.2 Payment

1.1.2.1 Base Course Material

1.1.2.2 Stabilization

1.1.3 Waybills and Delivery Tickets

1.2 REFERENCES

1.3 DEFINITIONS

1.3.1 Aggregate Base Course

1.3.2 Graded-Crushed Aggregate Base Course

1.3.3 Degree of Compaction

1.4 SUBMITTALS

1.5 EQUIPMENT, TOOLS, AND MACHINES

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.6.1 Sampling

1.6.2 Tests

1.6.2.1 Sieve Analysis

1.6.2.2 Liquid Limit and Plasticity Index

1.6.2.3 Moisture-Density Determinations

1.6.2.4 Field Density Tests

1.6.2.5 Wear Test

1.6.2.6 Soundness

1.6.2.7 Weight of Slag

1.7 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 AGGREGATES

2.1.1 Coarse Aggregate

2.1.1.1 Aggregate Base Course

2.1.1.2 Graded-Crushed Aggregate Base Course

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 1

2.1.2 Fine Aggregate

2.1.2.1 Aggregate Base Course

2.1.2.2 Graded-Crushed Aggregate Base Course

2.1.3 Gradation Requirements

2.2 LIQUID LIMIT AND PLASTICITY INDEX

2.3 TESTS, INSPECTIONS, AND VERIFICATIONS

2.3.1 Initial Tests

2.3.2 Approval of Material

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

3.2 OPERATION OF AGGREGATE SOURCES

3.3 STOCKPILING MATERIAL

3.4 PREPARATION OF UNDERLYING COURSE OR SUBGRADE

3.5 GRADE CONTROL

3.6 MIXING AND PLACING MATERIALS

3.7 LAYER THICKNESS

3.8 COMPACTION

3.9 PROOF ROLLING

3.10 EDGES OF BASE COURSE

3.11 FINISHING

3.12 SMOOTHNESS TEST

3.13 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

3.13.1 In-Place Tests

3.13.2 Approval of Material

3.14 TRAFFIC

3.15 MAINTENANCE

3.16 DISPOSAL OF UNSATISFACTORY MATERIALS

-- End of Section Table of Contents --

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 2

USACE / NAVFAC / AFCEC / NASA UFGS- 32 11 23 ( August 2017) Pr epar i ng Act i v i t y: USACE Super sedi ng UFGS- 32 11 23 ( August 2008)

UNI FI ED FACI LI TI ES GUI DE SPECI FI CATI ONS

Ref er ences ar e i n agr eement wi t h UMRL dat ed Januar y 2021

SECTION 32 11 23

AGGREGATE BASE COURSES

08/17

NOTE: Thi s gui de speci f i cat i on cover s t he r equi r ement s f or base cour se t o be used di r ect l y under bi t umi nous pavement cour ses.

Adher e t o UFC 1-300-02 Uni f i ed Faci l i t i es Gui de Speci f i cat i ons ( UFGS) For mat St andar d when edi t i ng t hi s gui de speci f i cat i on or pr epar i ng new pr oj ect speci f i cat i on sect i ons. Edi t t hi s gui de speci f i cat i on f or pr oj ect speci f i c r equi r ement s by addi ng, del et i ng, or r evi s i ng t ext . For br acket ed i t ems, choose appl i cabl e i t em( s) or i nser t appr opr i at e i nf or mat i on.

Remove i nf or mat i on and r equi r ement s not r equi r ed i n r espect i ve pr oj ect , whet her or not br acket s ar e present.

Comment s, suggest i ons and r ecommended changes f or t hi s gui de speci f i cat i on ar e wel come and shoul d be submi t t ed as a Cr i t er i a Change Request ( CCR) .

PART 1 GENERAL

NOTE: Thi s gui de speci f i cat i on i s appl i cabl e t o base cour ses pl aced di r ect l y beneat h bi t umi nous sur f ace cour ses. The f ol l owi ng must be t aken i nt o consi der at i on when edi t i ng t hi s speci f i cat i on.

a. The mat er i al i n t hi s speci f i cat i on and on t he dr awi ngs shoul d be r ef er r ed t o as " aggr egat e base cour se ( ABC) " whenever a base cour se mat er i al wi t h a Cal i f or ni a Bear i ng Rat i o ( CBR) of 80 i s r equi r ed.

" Aggr egat e Base Cour se" shoul d be r et ai ned i n t he t i t l e and t he r est of t he speci f i cat i on shoul d be edi t ed accor di ngl y t o r et ai n t he i nf or mat i on necessar y f or t hi s mat er i al .

b. The mat er i al i n t hi s speci f i cat i on and on t he

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 3 dr awi ngs shoul d be r ef er r ed t o as " gr aded- cr ushed aggr egat e base cour se ( GCA) " wher ever a base mat er i al wi t h a CBR of 100 i s r equi r ed.

" Gr aded- Cr ushed Aggr egat e Base Cour se" shoul d be r et ai ned i n t he t i t l e and t he r est of t he speci f i cat i on shoul d be edi t ed accor di ngl y t o r et ai n t he i nf or mat i on necessar y f or t hi s mat er i al .

c. When t hi s speci f i cat i on i s t o be used i n pr oj ect s t hat r equi r e bot h t ypes of mat er i al s, t he t i t l e of t hi s speci f i cat i on shoul d be " Aggr egat e and/ or Gr aded- Cr ushed Aggr egat e Base Cour se" . Car e must t hen be t aken t o assur e t hat t he dr awi ngs cl ear l y cal l out whi ch mat er i al i s bei ng used i n any par t i cul ar pl ace and t hat t hi s speci f i cat i on i s edi t ed t o r et ai n t he i nf or mat i on f or bot h t ypes of mat er i al s. I f onl y a smal l amount of one of t hese t ypes of mat er i al s i s needed f or t he pr oj ect , consi der at i on shoul d be made t o det er mi ne i f onl y one of t hese mat er i al s shoul d be speci f i ed and t he desi gn adj ust ed.

1.1 UNIT PRICES

NOTE: Del et e uni t pr i ce par agr aphs when t he wor k i s cover ed by a l ump- sum cont r act pr i ce.

1.1.1 Measurement

NOTE: Del et e t he met hod of measur ement par agr aph not appl i cabl e t o j ob condi t i ons. The pr ovi s i on f or st ockpi l i ng shoul d be r et ai ned or del et ed, as applicable.

1.1.1.1 Area

Measure the quantity of [___] mm inch thick [ABC] [and] [GCA] completed and accepted, as determined by the Contracting Officer, in square meters yards .

1.1.1.2 Volume

Measure the quantity of [ABC] [and] [GCA] completed and accepted, as determined by the Contracting Officer, in cubic meters yards . The volume of material in-place and accepted will be determined by the average job thickness obtained in accordance with paragraph LAYER THICKNESS and the dimensions shown on the drawings.

1.1.1.3 Weight

The tonnage of [ABC] [and] [GCA] material will be the number of metric tons tons of aggregate, [placed and accepted in the completed course] [plus the amount] [placed in authorized stockpiles], as determined by the Contracting Officer. Deductions will be made for any material wasted, SECTION 32 11 23 Page 4 unused, rejected, or used for convenience of the Contractor, and for water exceeding specified amount at time of weighing.

1.1.2 Payment

1.1.2.1 Base Course Material

Quantities of [ABC] [and] [GCA], determined as specified above, will be paid for at the respective contract unit prices, which will constitute full compensation for the construction and completion of the [ABC] [and]

[GCA].

1.1.2.2 Stabilization

Cohesionless subgrade or subbase courses to be stabilized, as specified in paragraph PREPARATION OF UNDERLYING COURSE OR SUBGRADE, will be paid for as a special item on a tonnage basis including extra manipulation as required.

1.1.3 Waybills and Delivery Tickets

Submit copies of waybills and delivery tickets during progress of the work. Before the final payment is allowed, file certified waybills and certified delivery tickets for all aggregates actually used.

1.2 REFERENCES

NOTE: Thi s par agr aph i s used t o l i s t t he publ i cat i ons c i t ed i n t he t ext of t he gui de speci f i cat i on. The publ i cat i ons ar e r ef er r ed t o i n t he t ext by basi c desi gnat i on onl y and l i s t ed i n t hi s par agr aph by or gani zat i on, desi gnat i on, dat e, and t i t l e.

Use t he Ref er ence Wi zar d' s Check Ref er ence f eat ur e when you add a RI D out si de of t he Sect i on' s Ref er ence Ar t i c l e t o aut omat i cal l y pl ace t he r ef er ence i n t he Ref er ence Ar t i c l e. Al so use t he Ref er ence Wi zar d' s Check Ref er ence f eat ur e t o updat e t he i ssue dat es.

Ref er ences not used i n t he t ext wi l l aut omat i cal l y be del et ed f r om t hi s sect i on of t he pr oj ect speci f i cat i on when you choose t o r econci l e r ef er ences i n t he publ i sh pr i nt pr ocess.

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by basic designation only.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS

(AASHTO)

AASHTO T 88 (2013) Standard Method of Test for

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 5

Particle Size Analysis of Soils

AASHTO T 180 (2017) Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammer and a 457-mm (18-in.) Drop

AASHTO T 224 (2010) Standard Method of Test for Correction for Coarse Particles in the Soil Compaction Test

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM C29/C29M (2017a) Standard Test Method for Bulk Density ("Unit Weight") and Voids in Aggregate

ASTM C88 (2018) Standard Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate

ASTM C117 (2017) Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-um (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing

ASTM C127 (2015) Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate

ASTM C128 (2015) Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate

ASTM C131/C131M (2020) Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine

ASTM C136/C136M (2019) Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

ASTM D75/D75M (2019) Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates

ASTM D1556/D1556M (2015; E 2016) Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by Sand-Cone Method

ASTM D1557 (2012; E 2015) Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3) (2700 kN-m/m3)

ASTM D2167 (2015) Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon Method

ASTM D2487 (2017; E 2020) Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 6

System)

ASTM D4318 (2017; E 2018) Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils

ASTM D5821 (2013; R 2017) Standard Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate

ASTM D6938 (2017a) Standard Test Method for In-Place Density and Water Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)

ASTM E11 (2020) Standard Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves

1.3 DEFINITIONS

For the purposes of this specification, the following definitions apply.

1.3.1 Aggregate Base Course

Aggregate base course (ABC) is well graded, durable aggregate uniformly moistened and mechanically stabilized by compaction.

1.3.2 Graded-Crushed Aggregate Base Course

Graded-crushed aggregate (GCA) base course is well graded, crushed, durable aggregate uniformly moistened and mechanically stabilized by compaction.

1.3.3 Degree of Compaction

Degree of compaction required, except as noted in the second sentence, is expressed as a percentage of the maximum laboratory dry density obtained by the test procedure presented in ASTM D1557 abbreviated as a percent of laboratory maximum dry density. Since ASTM D1557 applies only to soils that have 30 percent or less by weight of their particles retained on the

19.0 mm 3/4 inch sieve, the degree of compaction for material having more than 30 percent by weight of their particles retained on the 19.0 mm 3/4 inch sieve will be expressed as a percentage of the laboratory maximum dry density in accordance with AASHTO T 180 Method D and corrected with

AASHTO T 224 .

1.4 SUBMITTALS

NOTE: Revi ew submi t t al descr i pt i on ( SD) def i ni t i ons i n Sect i on 01 33 00 SUBMI TTAL PROCEDURES and edi t t he f ol l owi ng l i s t , and cor r espondi ng submi t t al i t ems i n t he t ext , t o r ef l ect onl y t he submi t t al s r equi r ed f or t he pr oj ect . The Gui de Speci f i cat i on t echni cal edi t or s have cl assi f i ed t hose i t ems t hat r equi r e Gover nment appr oval , due t o t hei r compl exi t y or cr i t i cal i t y, wi t h a " G. " Gener al l y, ot her submi t t al i t ems can be r evi ewed by t he Cont r act or ' s Qual i t y Cont r ol Syst em. Onl y add a “ G” t o an i t em, SECTION 32 11 23 Page 7 i f t he submi t t al i s suf f i c i ent l y i mpor t ant or compl ex i n cont ext of t he pr oj ect .

For Ar my pr oj ect s, f i l l i n t he empt y br acket s f ol l owi ng t he " G" c l assi f i cat i on, wi t h a code of up t o t hr ee char act er s t o i ndi cat e t he appr ovi ng aut hor i t y. Codes f or Ar my pr oj ect s usi ng t he Resi dent Management Syst em ( RMS) ar e: " AE" f or Ar chi t ect - Engi neer ; " DO" f or Di st r i ct Of f i ce ( Engi neer i ng Di v i s i on or ot her or gani zat i on i n t he Di st r i ct Of f i ce) ; " AO" f or Ar ea Of f i ce; " RO" f or Resi dent Of f i ce; and " PO" f or Pr oj ect Of f i ce. Codes f ol l owi ng t he " G" t ypi cal l y ar e not used f or Navy, Ai r For ce, and NASA pr oj ect s.

The " S" c l assi f i cat i on i ndi cat es submi t t al s r equi r ed as pr oof of compl i ance f or sust ai nabi l i t y Gui di ng Pr i nci pl es Val i dat i on or Thi r d Par t y Cer t i f i cat i on and as descr i bed i n Sect i on 01 33 00 SUBMI TTAL

PROCEDURES.

Choose t he f i r st br acket ed i t em f or Navy, Ai r For ce and NASA pr oj ect s, or choose t he second br acket ed i t em f or Ar my pr oj ect s.

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" or "S" classification. Submittals not having a "G" or "S" classification are [for Contractor Quality Control approval.][for information only. When used, a code following the "G" classification identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-03 Product Data

Plant, Equipment, and Tools ; G[, [_____]] Waybills and Delivery Tickets

SD-06 Test Reports

Initial Tests ; G[ , [_____] ] In-Place Tests ; G[ , [_____] ]

1.5 EQUIPMENT, TOOLS, AND MACHINES

NOTE: I f desi r abl e, r equi r ement s f or t ypes of equi pment appl i cabl e t o met hods of const r uct i on based on l ocal condi t i ons wi l l be i ncl uded.

All plant, equipment, and tools used in the performance of the work will be subject to approval by the Contracting Officer before the work is started. Maintain all plant, equipment, and tools in satisfactory working condition at all times. Submit a list of proposed equipment, including descriptive data. Use equipment capable of minimizing segregation, producing the required compaction, meeting grade controls, thickness control, and smoothness requirements as set forth herein.

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 8

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE

Sampling and testing are the responsibility of the Contractor. Perform sampling and testing using a laboratory approved in accordance with Section 01 45 00.00 10 01 45 00.00 20 01 45 00.00 40 QUALITY CONTROL. Work requiring testing will not be permitted until the testing laboratory has been inspected and approved. Test the materials to establish compliance with the specified requirements and perform testing at the specified frequency. The Contracting Officer may specify the time and location of the tests. Furnish copies of test results to the Contracting Officer within 24 hours of completion of the tests.

1.6.1 Sampling

Take samples for laboratory testing in conformance with ASTM D75/D75M.

When deemed necessary, the sampling will be observed by the Contracting Officer.

1.6.2 Tests

1.6.2.1 Sieve Analysis

NOTE: Test i ng i n accor dance wi t h AASHTO T 88 wi l l be r equi r ed when t he mat er i al s need t o be t est ed f or t he per cent age passi ng t he 0. 02 mm par t i c l e s i ze.

See par agr aph Gr adat i on Requi r ement s.

Perform sieve analysis in conformance with ASTM C117 and ASTM C136/C136M using sieves conforming to ASTM E11. [Perform particle-size analysis of the soils in conformance with AASHTO T 88 ].

1.6.2.2 Liquid Limit and Plasticity Index

Determine liquid limit and plasticity index in accordance with ASTM D4318.

1.6.2.3 Moisture-Density Determinations

Determine the laboratory maximum dry density and optimum moisture content in accordance with paragraph DEGREE OF COMPACTION.

1.6.2.4 Field Density Tests

Measure field density in accordance with ASTM D1556/D1556M , ASTM D2167 or ASTM D6938. For the method presented in ASTM D1556/D1556M use the base plate as shown in the drawing. For the method presented in ASTM D6938 check the calibration curves and adjust them, if necessary, using only the sand cone method as described in paragraph Calibration, of the ASTM publication. Tests performed in accordance with ASTM D6938 result in a wet unit weight of soil and ASTM D6938 will be used to determine the moisture content of the soil. Also check the calibration curves furnished with the moisture gauges along with density calibration checks as described in ASTM D6938. Make the calibration checks of both the density and moisture gauges using the prepared containers of material method, as described in paragraph Calibration of ASTM D6938, on each different type of material being tested at the beginning of a job and at intervals as

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 9 directed. Submit calibration curves and related test results prior to using the device or equipment being calibrated.

1.6.2.5 Wear Test

Perform wear tests on [ABC] [and] [GCA] course material in conformance with ASTM C131/C131M.

1.6.2.6 Soundness

NOTE: Ret ai n t hi s par agr aph onl y f or gr aded- cr ushed aggr egat e base cour se.

Perform soundness tests on GCA in accordance with ASTM C88.

1.6.2.7 Weight of Slag

NOTE: Thi s par agr aph wi l l be omi t t ed when i t i s hi ghl y unl i kel y t hat s l ag wi l l be suppl i ed as base cour se mat er i al .

Determine weight per cubic meter foot of slag in accordance with ASTM C29/C29M on the [ABC] [and] [GCA] course material.

1.7 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

NOTE: Thi s par agr aph may be del et ed i n l ocal i t i es wher e f r eezi ng t emper at ur es do not occur , and el sewher e when i t i s def i ni t el y known t hat t he wor k wi l l not be car r i ed on dur i ng per i ods when such t emper at ur es ar e t o be expect ed. Ot her wi se, t hi s r equi r ement wi l l be r et ai ned, but t he pr ot ect i ve measur es speci f i ed may be modi f i ed t o sui t l ocal condi t i ons and i ndi v i dual pr oj ect r equi r ement s.

Perform construction when the atmospheric temperature is above 2 degrees C 35 degrees F . When the temperature falls below 2 degrees C 35 degrees F , protect all completed areas by approved methods against detrimental effects of freezing. Correct completed areas damaged by freezing, rainfall, or other weather conditions to meet specified requirements.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 AGGREGATES

NOTE: Mat er i al r equi r ement s f r om St at e or ot her

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 10 l ocal hi ghway agency speci f i cat i ons may be i ncor por at ed i n cont r act document s f or const r uct i ng aggr egat e base cour se f or r oads, st r eet s, or s i mi l ar use pavement s i f t he f ol l owi ng condi t i ons ar e met :

a. Per cent age of mat er i al by wei ght passi ng t he

0. 075 mm ( No. 200) s i eve wi l l not exceed 8.

b. Wher e l ocal condi t i ons di ct at e a non- f r ost - suscept i bl e mat er i al , par t i c l es passi ng t he 0. 02 mm par t i c l e s i ze wi l l not exceed 3 per cent .

c. Por t i on of t he mat er i al passi ng t he 0. 425 mm ( No. 40) s i eve must have a l i qui d l i mi t not gr eat er t han 25 and a pl ast i c i t y i ndex not gr eat er t han 5.

d. Pr oj ect s r equi r i ng not mor e t han 600 cubi c met er s ( 750 cubi c yar ds) of mat er i al must be appr oved by t he Di v i s i on Engi neer .

e. Pr oj ect s r equi r i ng mor e t han 600 cubi c met er s ( 750 cubi c yar ds) must be appr oved by AFCEC, Navy EFD, or TSMCX pr i or t o i ncor por at i on i n t he cont r act document s. A copy of t he speci f i cat i ons or pr oper r ef er ence t her et o and i nf or mat i on r egar di ng t r af f i c condi t i ons and f aci l i t i es t o be paved wi l l be submi t t ed t o t he AFCEC, Navy EFD or TSMCX, wi t h t he r equest f or appr oval .

f . Mat er i al s t o be used f or GCA must al so meet t he speci f i ed L. A. Abr asi on and Sul f at e Soundness requirements.

g. Rounded aggr egat es ( such as r i ver - r un gr avel ) wi l l not be al l owed si nce t hey do not pr ovi de suf f i c i ent i nt er l ocki ng act i on t o pr oduce t he desi r ed st r engt hs and dur abi l i t y .

Provide [ABC] [and] [GCA] consisting of clean, sound, durable particles of crushed stone, [crushed slag,] crushed gravel, [crushed recycled concrete,] angular sand, or other approved material. [Provide ABC that is free of lumps of clay, organic matter, and other objectionable materials or coatings.] [Provide GCA that is free of silt and clay as defined by ASTM D2487, organic matter, and other objectionable materials or coatings.] The portion retained on the 4.75 mm No. 4 sieve is known as coarse aggregate; that portion passing the 4.75 mm No. 4 sieve is known as fine aggregate. When the coarse and fine aggregate is supplied form more than one source, provide aggregate from each source that meets the specified requirements.

2.1.1 Coarse Aggregate

Provide coarse aggregates with angular particles of uniform density.

Separately stockpile coarse aggregate supplied from more than one source.

a. Crushed Gravel: Provide crushed gravel that has been manufactured by crushing gravels and that meets all the requirements specified below.

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 11

b. Crushed Stone: Provide crushed stone consisting of freshly mined quarry rock, meeting all the requirements specified below.

NOTE: Ver i f y t he subgr ade soi l cont ai ns l ess t han

0. 3 per cent of sul f at es, t o pr event expansi ve et t r i ngi t e r eact i on wi t h t he r ecycl ed concr et e. See UFC 3- 250- 11, Appendi x C f or t est i ng pr ocedur e.

Ot her wi se, del et e r ecycl ed concr et e opt i on.

Do not per mi t r ecycl ed concr et e aggr egat e ( RCA) t o be used i n a ai r f i el d pavement sect i on wi t hout eval uat i ng f or Al kal i - Si l i ca React i v i t y ( ASR) . See I PRF- 01- G- 002- 03- 5, " Eval uat i on, Desi gn and Const r uct i on Techni ques f or Ai r f i el d Concr et e Pavement Used as Recycl ed Mat er i al f or Base. " For Ai r For ce pr oj ect s, per f or m r i sk assessment i n accor dance wi t h ETL 07- 06, " Ri sk Assessment Pr ocedur es f or Recycl i ng Por t l and Cement Concr et e ( PCC) Suf f er i ng Fr om Al kal i - Si l i ca React i on ( ASR) i n Ai r f i el d Pavement St r uct ur es. "

c. Crushed Recycled Concrete: Provide crushed recycled concrete consisting of previously hardened portland cement concrete or other concrete containing pozzolanic binder material. Provide recycled concrete that is free of all reinforcing steel, bituminous concrete surfacing, and any other foreign material and that has been crushed and processed to meet the required gradations for coarse aggregate.

Reject recycled concrete aggregate exceeding this value. Provide crushed recycled concrete that meets all other applicable requirements specified below.

d. Crushed Slag: Provide crushed slag that is an air-cooled blast-furnace product having an air dry unit weight of not less than 1120 kg/cubic meter 70 pcf as determined by ASTM C29/C29M, and meets all the requirements specified below.

2.1.1.1 Aggregate Base Course

The percentage of loss of ABC coarse aggregate must not exceed 50 percent when tested in accordance with ASTM C131/C131M. Provide aggregate that contains no more than 30 percent flat and elongated particles. A flat particle is one having a ratio of width to thickness greater than 3; an elongated particle is one having a ratio of length to width greater than

3. In the portion retained on each sieve specified, the crushed aggregates must contain at least 50 percent by weight of crushed pieces having two or more freshly fractured faces determined in accordance with ASTM D5821. When two fractures are contiguous, the angle between planes of the fractures must be at least 30 degrees in order to count as two fractured faces. Manufacture crushed gravel from gravel particles 50 percent of which, by weight, are retained on the maximum size sieve listed in TABLE 1.

2.1.1.2 Graded-Crushed Aggregate Base Course

NOTE: The per cent ages of wear and soundness

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 12 appl i cabl e t o t he speci f i c j ob wi l l be speci f i ed. A wear val ue of 40 wi l l be used except t hat a val ue up t o 50 per cent may be used wher e l ocal exper i ence i ndi cat es t hat t he mat er i al i s sat i sf act or y.

The percentage of loss of GCA coarse aggregate must not exceed [40] [50] percent loss when tested in accordance with ASTM C131/C131M. Provide GCA coarse aggregate that does not exhibit a loss greater than 18 percent weighted average, at five cycles, when tested for soundness in magnesium sulfate, or 12 percent weighted average, at five cycles, when tested in sodium sulfate in accordance with ASTM C88. Provide aggregate that contains no more than 20 percent flat and elongated particles for the fraction retained on the 12.5 mm 1/2 inch sieve nor 20 percent for the fraction passing the 12.5 mm 1/2 inch sieve. A flat particle is one having a ratio of width to thickness greater than 3; an elongated particle is one having a ratio of length to width greater than 3. In the portion retained on each sieve specified, the crushed aggregate must contain at least 90 percent by weight of crushed pieces having two or more freshly fractured faces determined in accordance with ASTM D5821. When two fractures are contiguous, the angle between planes of the fractures must be at least 30 degrees in order to count as two fractured faces.

Manufacture crushed gravel from gravel particles 90 percent of which by weight are retained on the maximum size sieve listed in TABLE 1.

2.1.2 Fine Aggregate

Provide fine aggregates consisting of angular particles of uniform density.

2.1.2.1 Aggregate Base Course

Provide ABC fine aggregate that consists of screenings, angular sand, crushed recycled concrete fines, or other finely divided mineral matter processed or naturally combined with the coarse aggregate.

2.1.2.2 Graded-Crushed Aggregate Base Course

NOTE: The GCA f i ne aggr egat e wi l l be ent i r el y t he pr oduct of cr ushi ng, but need not be of t he same mat er i al cr ushed f or t he coar se aggr egat e. Ret ai n onl y t he st at ement descr i bi ng t he met hod of cr ushi ng desired.

Provide GCA fine aggregate consisting of angular particles produced by crushing stone, slag, [recycled concrete,] or gravel that meets the requirements for wear and soundness specified for GCA coarse aggregate.

[Produce fine aggregate by crushing only particles larger than 4.75 mm No.

4 sieve in size. Provide fine aggregate that contains at least 90 percent by weight of particles having two or more freshly fractured faces in the portion passing the 4.75 mm No. 4 sieve and retained on the 2 mm No. 10 sieve, and in the portion passing the 2 mm No. 10 sieve and retained on the

0.425 mm No. 40 sieve.] [Manufacture fine aggregate from gravel particles 95 percent of which by weight are retained on the 12.5 mm 1/2 inch sieve.]

2.1.3 Gradation Requirements

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 13

NOTE: Speci f y t he gr adat i on or gr adat i ons appl i cabl e t o t he speci f i c j ob. The f r ost suscept i bi l i t y r equi r ement wi l l be del et ed i n ar eas wher e t he mat er i al i s not subj ect t o f r ost act i on.

On t he basi s of l ocal condi t i ons, t he per cent age passi ng t he 0. 075 mm ( No. 200) s i eve may be f ur t her r est r i ct ed t o hel p cont r ol t he amount of par t i c l es passi ng t he 0. 02 mm par t i c l e s i ze. However , t he c l eaner gr adat i ons can have r educed st abi l i t y . I f mor e t han one gr adat i on i s mai nt ai ned, t he desi gner must edi t t hi s speci f i cat i on and/ or t he pr oj ect dr awi ngs t o make sur e i t i s evi dent wher e t hese di f f er ent gr adat i ons ar e t o be used.

Apply the specified gradation requirements to the completed base course.

Provide aggregates that are continuously well graded within the limits specified in TABLE 1. Use sieves that conform to ASTM E11.

TABLE 1. GRADATION OF AGGREGATES

Percentage by Weight Passing Square-Mesh Sieve

Sieve Designation No. 1 No. 2 No. 3

50.0 mm 100 ---- ----

37.5 mm 70-100 100 ----

25.0 mm 45-80 60-100 100

12.5 mm 30-60 30-65 40-70

4.75 mm 20-50 20-50 20-50

2.00 mm 15-40 15-40 15-40

0.425 mm 5-25 5-25 5-25

0.075 mm 0-8 0-8 0-8

TABLE 1. GRADATION OF AGGREGATES

Percentage by Weight Passing Square-Mesh Sieve

Sieve Designation No. 1 No. 2 No. 3

2 inch 100 ---- ---- 1-1/2 inch 70-100 100 ---- 1 inch 45-80 60-100 100 1/2 inch 30-60 30-65 40-70 No. 4 20-50 20-50 20-50 No. 10 15-40 15-40 15-40 No. 40 5-25 5-25 5-25 No. 200 0-8 0-8 0-8

NOTE 1: Particles having diameters less than 0.02 mm must not be in excess of 3 percent by weight of the total sample tested as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 88 .

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 14

NOTE 2: The values are based on aggregates of uniform specific gravity.

If materials from different sources are used for the coarse and fine aggregates, test the materials in accordance with ASTM C127 and ASTM C128 to determine their specific gravities. Correct the percentages passing the various sieves as directed by the Contracting Officer if the specific gravities vary by more than 10 percent.

2.2 LIQUID LIMIT AND PLASTICITY INDEX

NOTE: Aggr egat e shoul d be nonpl ast i c or as near l y so as possi bl e. Val ues shown ar e t he absol ut e maxi mum al l owabl e val ues f or l i qui d l i mi t and pl ast i c i t y i ndex.

Apply liquid limit and plasticity index requirements to the completed course and to any component that is blended to meet the required gradation. The portion of any component or of the completed course passing the 0.425 mm No. 40 sieve must be either nonplastic or have a liquid limit not greater than 25 and a plasticity index not greater than 5.

2.3 TESTS, INSPECTIONS, AND VERIFICATIONS

2.3.1 Initial Tests

NOTE: The 0. 02 mm si eve anal ysi s r equi r ement s wi l l be i ncl uded when f r ost suscept i bi l i t y concer ns exi st .

Perform one of each of the following tests, on the proposed material prior to commencing construction, to demonstrate that the proposed material meets all specified requirements when furnished. Complete this testing for each source if materials from more than one source are proposed.

a. Sieve Analysis [including 0.02 mm material].

b. Liquid limit and plasticity index.

c. Moisture-density relationship.

d. Wear.

e. [Soundness].

f. [Weight per cubic meter foot of Slag].

g. [_____].

Submit certified copies of test results for approval not less than [30] [_____] days before material is required for the work.

2.3.2 Approval of Material

Tentative approval of material will be based on initial test results.

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 15

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

When the [ABC] [or] [GCA] is constructed in more than one layer, clean the previously constructed layer of loose and foreign matter by sweeping with power sweepers or power brooms, except that hand brooms may be used in areas where power cleaning is not practicable. Provide adequate drainage during the entire period of construction to prevent water from collecting or standing on the working area.

3.2 OPERATION OF AGGREGATE SOURCES

NOTE: Ret ai n t he f i r st sent ence i n br acket s f or aggr egat e sour ces on pr i vat e l ands. Ret ai n t he second sent ences i n br acket s f or aggr egat e sour ces on Gover nment - owned l and.

[Condition aggregate sources on private lands in accordance with local laws or authorities.] [Clearing, stripping, and excavating are the responsibility of the Contractor. Condition aggregate sources on Government property to readily drain and leave in a satisfactory condition upon completion of the work.]

3.3 STOCKPILING MATERIAL

Clear and level storage sites prior to stockpiling of material. Stockpile all materials, including approved material available from excavation and grading, in the manner and at the locations designated. Stockpile aggregates on the cleared and leveled areas designated by the Contracting Officer to prevent segregation. Stockpile materials obtained from different sources separately.

3.4 PREPARATION OF UNDERLYING COURSE OR SUBGRADE

NOTE: The sur f ace of a cohesi onl ess subgr ade or subbase may r equi r e st abi l i zat i on pr i or t o pl acement of t he base cour se. Thi s may be accompl i shed by compact i ng a l ayer of cr ushed aggr egat e i nt o t he sur f ace. I t may al so be obt ai ned by met hods based on l ocal exper i ence. The addi t i onal cr ushed aggr egat e wi l l be consi der ed as par t of t he under l y i ng cour se and may be pai d f or or i ncl uded i n t he speci f i cat i on sect i on t hat cover s t he pr epar at i on of subgr ade or subbase f or t he par t i cul ar pr oj ect .

Clean the underlying course or subgrade of all foreign substances prior to constructing the base course(s). Do not construct base course(s) on underlying course or subgrade that is frozen. Construct the surface of the underlying course or subgrade to meet specified compaction and surface tolerances. Correct ruts or soft yielding spots in the underlying courses, areas having inadequate compaction, and deviations of the surface from the specified requirements set forth herein by loosening and removing soft or unsatisfactory material and adding approved material, reshaping to

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 16 line and grade, and recompacting to specified density requirements. For cohesionless underlying courses or subgrades containing sands or gravels, as defined in ASTM D2487, stabilize the surface prior to placement of the base course(s). Stabilize by mixing [ABC] [or] [GCA] into the underlying course and compacting by approved methods. Consider the stabilized material as part of the underlying course and meet all requirements of the underlying course. Do not allow traffic or other operations to disturb the finished underlying course and maintain in a satisfactory condition until the base course is placed.

3.5 GRADE CONTROL

Provide a finished and completed base course conforming to the lines, grades, and cross sections shown. Place line and grade stakes as necessary for control.

3.6 MIXING AND PLACING MATERIALS

NOTE: Mor e det ai l s of appl i cabl e met hods on pl aci ng, mi xi ng, and spr eadi ng wi l l be i ncl uded when appropriate.

NOTE: Cour se and f i ne aggr egat es shoul d nor mal l y be mi xed i n a st at i onar y pl ant t o pr ovi de uni f or mi t y of t he mat er i al .

Mix the coarse and fine aggregates in a stationary plant[, or in a traveling plant or bucket loader on an approved paved working area]. Make adjustments in mixing procedures or in equipment, as directed, to obtain true grades, to minimize segregation or degradation, to obtain the required water content, and to insure a satisfactory base course meeting all requirements of this specification. Place the mixed material on the prepared subgrade or subbase in layers of uniform thickness with an approved spreader. Place the layers so that when compacted they will be true to the grades or levels required with the least possible surface disturbance. Where the base course is placed in more than one layer, clean the previously constructed layers of loose and foreign matter by sweeping with power sweepers, power brooms, or hand brooms, as directed.

Make adjustments in placing procedures or equipment as may be directed by the Contracting Officer to obtain true grades, to minimize segregation and degradation, to adjust the water content, and to insure an acceptable base course.

3.7 LAYER THICKNESS

NOTE: When base cour ses ar e const r uct ed l ess t han 150 mm ( 6 i nches) i n t ot al t hi ckness, a def i c i ency of 13 mm ( 1/ 2 i nch) i n t he t hi ckness of any ar ea of such pavi ng i s consi der ed excessi ve. Appl i cabl e t o j ob condi t i ons, t he t hi ckness t ol er ance pr ovi s i ons may be modi f i ed as r equi r ed, r est r i ct i ng al l def i c i enci es t o not mor e t han 6 mm ( 1/ 4 i nch) .

Compact the completed base course to the thickness indicated. No individual layer may be thicker than 150 mm 6 inches nor be thinner than

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 17

75 mm 3 inches in compacted thickness. Compact the base course(s) to a total thickness that is within 13 mm 1/2 inch of the thickness indicated.

Where the measured thickness is more than 13 mm 1/2 inch deficient, correct such areas by scarifying, adding new material of proper gradation, reblading, and recompacting as directed. Where the measured thickness is more than 13 mm 1/2 inch thicker than indicated, the course will be considered as conforming to the specified thickness requirements. The average job thickness will be the average of all thickness measurements taken for the job and must be within 6 mm 1/4 inch of the thickness indicated. Measure the total thickness of the base course at intervals of one measurement for each [500] [_____] square meters yards of base course. Measure total thickness using 75 mm 3 inch diameter test holes penetrating the base course.

3.8 COMPACTION

NOTE: Cohesi onl ess mat er i al s ar e of t en f r ee- dr ai ni ng; as such, t he opt i mum wat er cont ent i s nor mal l y l i mi t ed t o t he maxi mum wat er cont ent t he mat er i al wi l l r et ai n. Thi s i s usual l y evi denced by f r ee wat er r unni ng f r om t he mol d dur i ng compact i on testing.

Compact each layer of the base course, as specified, with approved compaction equipment. Maintain water content during the compaction procedure to within plus or minus [2] [_____] percent of the optimum water content determined from laboratory tests as specified in this Section.

Begin rolling at the outside edge of the surface and proceed to the center, overlapping on successive trips at least one-half the width of the roller. Slightly vary the length of alternate trips of the roller.

Adjust speed of the roller as needed so that displacement of the aggregate does not occur. Compact mixture with hand-operated power tampers in all places not accessible to the rollers. Continue compaction until each layer is compacted through the full depth to at least [100] [_____] percent of laboratory maximum density. Make such adjustments in compacting or finishing procedures as may be directed by the Contracting Officer to obtain true grades, to minimize segregation and degradation, to reduce or increase water content, and to ensure a satisfactory base course. Remove any materials found to be unsatisfactory and replace with satisfactory material or rework, as directed, to meet the requirements of this specification.

3.9 PROOF ROLLING

NOTE: Dr awi ngs shoul d be checked t o ensur e t hat any suppl ement ar y i nf or mat i on r equi r ed by t hi s par agr aph has been shown and t hat t her e i s no conf l i c t bet ween t he dr awi ngs and t he speci f i cat i ons.

Pr oof r ol l i ng i s onl y r equi r ed when a base cour se i s used under a f l exi bl e ai r f i el d pavement wi t h t he f ol l owi ng condi t i ons:

Pr oof r ol l t he t op of each l ayer of base cour se of Type A t r af f i c ar eas ( pr i mar y t axi ways) and t he cent er 23 m ( 75 f eet ) of r unways wi t h 30 cover ages

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 18 f or Cl ass I V as wel l as heavy, modi f i ed heavy, and medi um l oad r unways. Pr oof r ol l t op of each l ayer of base cour se on cent er 30. 5 met er s ( 100 f eet ) of r unways t hat suppor t f i ght er ai r cr af t onl y ( no P- 8 or heavi er ai r cr af t ) wi t h 8 cover ages. Pr oof r ol l t op of compl et ed subbase cour se on cent er 12 met er s ( 40 f eet ) of t axi ways t hat ar e not Type A t r af f i c .

Appl y 4 cover ages t o al l ot her paved ar eas, excl usi ve of r unway over r un and bl ast pr ot ect i on areas.

The r equi r ed pr oof r ol l er i s a r ubber - t i r ed r ol l er bal l ast ed t o 13, 600 kg ( 30, 000 pounds) per t i r e wi t h a t i r e i nf l at i on pr essur e of at l east 862 kPa ( 125 psi ) . Typi cal commer ci al model s have f our wheel s abr east and a gr oss l oad of 54, 430 kg ( 60 t ons) .

In addition to the compaction specified, proof roll areas designated on the drawings by application of [_____] coverages of a heavy pneumatic-tired roller having four or more tires abreast, each tire loaded to a minimum of 13,600 kg 30,000 pounds and inflated to a minimum of 862 kPa 125 psi . A coverage is defined as the application of one tire print over the designated area. In the areas designated, apply proof rolling to the top of the underlying material on which the base course is laid and to the top of [each layer of] [the completed] base course. Maintain water content of the underlying material and each layer of the base course as specified in Paragraph COMPACTION from start of compaction to completion of proof rolling of that layer. Remove any base course materials or any underlying materials that produce unsatisfactory results by proof rolling and replace with satisfactory materials. Then recompact and proof roll to meet these specifications.

3.10 EDGES OF BASE COURSE

NOTE: Coor di nat e t he f i r st sent ence wi t h t he t ypi cal pavement sect i ons shown on t he dr awi ngs.

The ext r a wi dt h of mat er i al i s pr ovi ded f or a wor ki ng pl at f or m dur i ng const r uct i on. Thi s wi l l pr ovi de t he pavi ng equi pment a sol i d sur f ace t o t r ack on and wi l l hel p ensur e a smoot her pavement .

[Place the base course(s) so that the completed section will be a minimum of [600] [_____] mm [2] [_____] feet wider, on all sides, than the next layer that will be placed above it.] Place approved material along the outer edges of the base course in sufficient quantity to compact to the thickness of the course being constructed. When the course is being constructed in two or more layers, simultaneously roll and compact at least a 600 mm 2 foot width of this shoulder material with the rolling and compacting of each layer of the base course, as directed.

3.11 FINISHING

Finish the surface of the top layer of base course after [final compaction] [and] [proof rolling] by cutting any overbuild to grade and rolling with a steel-wheeled roller. Do not add thin layers of material to the top layer of base course to meet grade. If the elevation of the

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 19 top layer of base course is 13 mm 1/2 inch or more below grade, scarify the top layer to a depth of at least 75 mm 3 inches and blend new material in and compact [and proof roll] to bring to grade. Make adjustments to rolling and finishing procedures as directed by the Contracting Officer to minimize segregation and degradation, obtain grades, maintain moisture content, and insure an acceptable base course. Should the surface become rough, corrugated, uneven in texture, or traffic marked prior to completion, scarify the unsatisfactory portion and rework and recompact it or replace as directed.

3.12 SMOOTHNESS TEST

Construct the top layer so that the surface shows no deviations in excess of 10 mm 3/8 inch when tested with a 3.66 meter 12 foot straightedge.

Take measurements in successive positions parallel to the centerline of the area to be paved. Also take measurements perpendicular to the centerline at [15] [_____] meter [50] [_____] foot intervals. Correct deviations exceeding this amount by removing material and replacing with new material, or by reworking existing material and compacting it to meet these specifications.

3.13 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

3.13.1 In-Place Tests

NOTE: I f r ecycl ed concr et e aggr egat e ( RCA) i s pr oposed as an aggr egat e sour ce, i ncl ude t he l ast br acket ed sent ence

Perform each of the following tests on samples taken from the placed and compacted [ABC] [and] [GCA]. Take samples and test at the rates indicated. [Perform sampling and testing of recycled concrete aggregate at twice the specified frequency until the material uniformity is established.]

a. Perform density tests on every lift of material placed and at a frequency of one set of tests for every 250 [_____] square meters square yards , or portion thereof, of completed area.

b. Perform sieve analysis [including 0.02 mm size material] on every lift of material placed and at a frequency of one sieve analysis for every 500 [_____] square meters square yards , or portion thereof, of material placed.

c. Perform liquid limit and plasticity index tests at the same frequency as the sieve analysis.

d. Measure the thickness of the base course at intervals providing at least one measurement for each 500 [_____] square meters yards of base course or part thereof. Measure the thickness using test holes, at least 75 mm 3 inch in diameter through the base course.

3.13.2 Approval of Material

Final approval of the materials will be based on tests for gradation, liquid limit, and plasticity index performed on samples taken from the completed and fully compacted course(s).

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 20

3.14 TRAFFIC

NOTE: Tr af f i c wi l l not be al l owed on any base cour se pl aced f or ai r f i el d pavement s. For r oads, t r af f i c shoul d onl y be al l owed on t he base cour ses when i t cannot be di ver t ed el sewher e; but pr ecaut i ons shoul d be t aken t o l i mi t t he t r af f i c and keep heavy equi pment of f . Any damage caused by t r af f i c shoul d be r epai r ed t o meet t hese speci f i cat i on r equi r ement s. Desi gner wi l l choose t he appr opr i at e br acket ed i nf or mat i on.

[Do not allow traffic on the completed base course.] [Completed portions of the base course may be opened to limited traffic, provided there is no marring or distorting of the surface by the traffic. Do not allow heavy equipment on the completed base course except when necessary for construction. When it is necessary for heavy equipment to travel on the completed base course, protect the area against marring or damage to the completed work.]

3.15 MAINTENANCE

Maintain the base course in a satisfactory condition until the full pavement section is completed and accepted. Immediately repair any defects and repeat repairs as often as necessary to keep the area intact.

Retest any base course that was not paved over prior to the onset of winter to verify that it still complies with the requirements of this specification. Rework or replace any area of base course that is damaged as necessary to comply with this specification.

3.16 DISPOSAL OF UNSATISFACTORY MATERIALS

Dispose of any unsuitable materials that have been removed [outside the limits of Government-controlled land] [as directed] [in waste disposal areas indicated]. No additional payments will be made for materials that have to be replaced.

-- End of Section --

SECTION 32 11 23 Page 21