Attch 10 - ufc_3_560_01 1 Electrical Safety.pdf

UFC 3-560-01

December 06, 2006

Change 2 March 31, 2008

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

ELECTRICAL SAFETY, O & M

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE: DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

ELECTRICAL SAFETY, O & M

Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use.

Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder.

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND (Preparing Activity)

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY

Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/)

Change No. Date Location 1 7 Dec 2006 10-14 (entire section) and 11-2 (entire section) 2 28 Mar 2008 Miscellaneous changes throughout document

This UFC supersedes the following documents:

• Air Force Manual 32-1185, Electrical Worker Safety. This manual was prepared in draft form, but was not issued.

• TM 5-682, Facilities Engineering, Electrical Facilities Safety.

• UFC 3-560-10N (previously MIL-HDBK-1025/10), Safety Of Electrical Transmission And Distribution Systems.

• Draft UFC 3-560-02, Electrical Safety. This document was made mandatory guidance by Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL) 04-15, Electrical Safety Guidance

FOREWORD

The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD(AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DoD projects and work for other customers where appropriate. All construction outside of the United States is also governed by Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction Agreements (HNFA), and in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA.)

Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the more stringent of the UFC, the SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as applicable.

UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies should contact the preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of UFC is the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group. Recommended changes with supporting rationale should be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following electronic form: Criteria Change Request (CCR). The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed below.

UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following source:

• Whole Building Design Guide web site http://dod.wbdg.org/.

Hard copies of UFC printed from electronic media should be checked against the current electronic version prior to use to ensure that they are current.

AUTHORIZED BY:

M. K. MILES, P.E.

Acting Chief, Engineering and Construction Directorate of Civil Works U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

DR. JAMES W WRIGHT, P.E.

Chief Engineer Naval Facilities Engineering Command

KATHLEEN I. FERGUSON, P.E.

The Deputy Civil Engineer DCS/Installations & Logistics Department of the Air Force

Dr. GET W. MOY, P.E.

Director, Installations Requirements and Management Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Installations and Environment) http://www.wbdg.org/pdfs/ufc_implementation.pdf https://www.projnet.org/projnet/cms/public.html http://dod.wbdg.org/

REVISION SUMMARY SHEET

Document: UFC 3-560-01, Electrical Safety, O & M

Superseding:

• Air Force Manual 32-1185, Electrical Worker Safety. This manual was prepared in draft form, but was not issued.

• TM 5-682, Facilities Engineering, Electrical Facilities Safety.

• UFC 3-560-10N (previously MIL-HDBK-1025/10), Safety Of Electrical Transmission And Distribution Systems.

• Draft UFC 3-560-02, Electrical Safety. This document was made mandatory guidance by Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL) 04-15, Electrical Safety Guidance

Description: This UFC 3-560-01 incorporates tri-service requirements into one unified document and provides electrical safety requirements for all electrical work activities.

Reasons for Changes:

• Provide guidance for all aspects of electrical safety.

• Conform UFC criteria to recently issued industry standards.

• Clarify work requirements for unique activities.

Impact: There are cost impacts associated with the required use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The new requirements associated with working on exposed, energized circuits involve additional safety precautions. However, the following benefits should be realized.

• Electrical safety criteria are more consistent with industry standards and OSHA requirements.

• Personnel working on electrical systems have improved guidance to ensure a safer working environment.

i

CONTENTS

Page

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Paragraph 1-1 PURPOSE .................................................................................... 1-1 1-2 SCOPE ......................................................................................... 1-1 1-2.1 Voltage Classification. .................................................................. 1-1 1-2.2 Need. ............................................................................................ 1-1 1-2.3 Familiarity and Requirements ....................................................... 1-1 1-2.4 Mishap Prevention ........................................................................ 1-1 1-2.5 Mishap Causes ............................................................................. 1-1 1-2.6 Unclear Conditions ....................................................................... 1-1 1-2.7 Applicability................................................................................... 1-1 1-2.8 Work Type .................................................................................... 1-2 1-2.9 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).............. 1-2 1-3 REFERENCES ............................................................................. 1-2

1-4 CODES, STANDARDS, AND PUBLICATIONS............................ 1-2

1-5 VARIANCES FROM NORMAL SAFETY PRACTICES ................ 1-4

1-5.1 Applicability................................................................................... 1-4 1-6 WARNINGS AND NOTES ............................................................ 1-4 1-6.1 Warning ........................................................................................ 1-4 1-6.2 Note .............................................................................................. 1-4 1-7 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS ............................................................. 1-5 1-7.1 Electrical Shock Dangers and Effects........................................... 1-5 1-7.2 Danger from Arcs and Blasts........................................................ 1-7 1-7.3 Workplace Dangers ...................................................................... 1-7 1-7.4 Health Hazards of Asbestos ......................................................... 1-7 1-8 MISHAP RESPONSE ................................................................... 1-8 1-8.1 Knowing What to Do ..................................................................... 1-8 1-8.2 Work Injuries and Mishap Reports................................................ 1-9 1-8.3 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and First Aid Training................. 1-9 1-8.4 First Aid Supplies.......................................................................... 1-9 1-8.5 Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) ...................................... 1-9 1-9 COMMUNICATIONS .................................................................... 1-10

CHAPTER 2 WORKER/CREW RESPONSIBILITIES

Paragraph 2-1 LEVELS OF RESPONSIBILITY.................................................... 2-1

2-2 ELECTRICAL WORKER QUALIFICATIONS ............................... 2-1

2-2.1 Qualified Persons ........................................................................ 2-1 2-2.2 Unqualified Person ....................................................................... 2-2 2-2.3 Type of Training............................................................................ 2-2 2-3 SAFETY MEETINGS.................................................................... 2-2 2-3.1 Scheduled Meetings ..................................................................... 2-2 2-3.2 Job Briefing/Tailgate Meetings ..................................................... 2-2 2-4 WORK SITE SAFETY................................................................... 2-2

2-5 JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS/JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS................... 2-4

2-6 SAFETY COMPLIANCE............................................................... 2-5 2-6.1 Carelessness ................................................................................ 2-5 2-6.2 Enforcement ................................................................................. 2-5 ii

2-6.3 Interpretation................................................................................. 2-5 2-6.4 Violations ...................................................................................... 2-5

CHAPTER 3 PRE-SITE SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Paragraph 3-1 WORK LOCATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS .......................... 3-1 3-1.1 Working Near Energized Circuits.................................................. 3-1 3-1.2 Work Location............................................................................... 3-4 3-2 PUBLIC SAFETY.......................................................................... 3-4 3-2.1 Warning Devices........................................................................... 3-4 3-2.2 Flagmen........................................................................................ 3-5 3-2.3 Excavations .................................................................................. 3-5

3-3 NUMBER OF WORKERS REQUIRED......................................... 3-6

3-4 VERIFYING SYSTEM AND EQUIPMENT PROVISIONS ............ 3-8

CHAPTER 4 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Paragraph 4-1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 4-1

4-2 INSPECTION OF APPAREL, TOOLS, AND MATERIALS

HANDLING EQUIPMENT........................................................ 4-1

4-3 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE APPAREL......................................... 4-1

4-3.1 Applicable Documents .................................................................. 4-1 4-3.2 Protective Clothing Considerations............................................... 4-2

4-4 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR ARC

FLASH PROTECTION............................................................. 4-2

4-5 AIR FORCE ARC FLASH PPE REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGH-

VOLTAGE OVERHEAD LINE WORK AT 69 KV (NOMINAL)

OR LESS ................................................................................ 4-17 4-5.1 Background................................................................................... 4-17 4-5.2 Overhead Lines Above 35 kV – Hot Stick Distance Less Than 10 Feet ........................................................................... 4-18 4-5.3 Overhead Lines Above 35 kV – Hot Stick Distance More Than 10 Feet ........................................................................... 4-18 4-5.4 Overhead Lines ≤35 kV – Hot Stick Distance More Than 8 Feet . 4-19 4-5.5 Overhead Lines ≤35 kV – Hot Stick Distance Less Than 8 Feet.. 4-20 4-6 CLOTHING PROHIBITIONS ........................................................ 4-21 4-7 SKIN PROTECTION..................................................................... 4-21

4-8 POLE/TREE CLIMBING AND FALL PROTECTION .................... 4-22

4-8.1 Personal Protective Equipment .................................................... 4-22 4-8.2 Climbing Personal Protective Equipment ..................................... 4-22 4-8.3 Fall Protection Personal Protective Equipment ............................ 4-22

CHAPTER 5 WORK AREA PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS

Paragraph 5-1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 5-1

5-2 RUBBER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ........................................ 5-1

5-2.1 Job Requirements......................................................................... 5-1 5-2.2 Use of Rubber Protective Equipment ........................................... 5-1 5-2.3 Use of Rubber Gloves .................................................................. 5-2 5-2.4 Use of Rubber Sleeves................................................................. 5-3 iii

5-2.5 Care and Inspection...................................................................... 5-3 5-2.6 Test Intervals for Rubber Protective Equipment ........................... 5-4 5-3 ELEVATED WORK....................................................................... 5-4 5-4 LIVE-LINE (HOT-LINE) TOOLS ................................................... 5-5 5-4.1 Manufacture.................................................................................. 5-5 5-4.2 Authorized Types of Tools ............................................................ 5-5 5-4.3 Records ........................................................................................ 5-5 5-4.4 Tool Cleaning Before Use............................................................. 5-5 5-4.5 Tool Inspection After Cleaning and Before Use............................ 5-6 5-4.6 Other Conditions for Removal From Service ................................ 5-6 5-4.7 Returning a Tool to Service .......................................................... 5-6 5-4.8 Waxing.......................................................................................... 5-6 5-4.9 Repairs and Finishing ................................................................... 5-6 5-4.10 Dry Electrical Testing.................................................................... 5-7 5-4.11 Wet Electrical Testing ................................................................... 5-7 5-4.12 Precautions for Shop or Field Testing .......................................... 5-7 5-4.13 Transportation............................................................................... 5-8 5-4.14 Storage ......................................................................................... 5-8 5-4.15 Use of Live-Line Tools .................................................................. 5-8 5-5 ELECTRICAL TESTING DEVICES .............................................. 5-9 5-5.1 Electrical Testing Device Calibration ............................................ 5-9 5-5.2 Voltage Detectors ......................................................................... 5-9 5-5.3 Phasing Testers............................................................................ 5-9 5-5.4 Line Fault Locators ....................................................................... 5-10 5-5.5 Insulator Testers ........................................................................... 5-10 5-5.6 Leakage-Current Monitors ............................................................ 5-11 5-5.7 Combustible Gas/Oxygen Detectors ............................................ 5-11

CHAPTER 6 ENERGY CONTROL (LOCKOUT/TAGOUT)

Paragraph 6-1 SAFE CLEARANCE (SWITCHING ORDER) AND

LOCKOUT/TAGOUT PROCEDURES .................................... 6-1

6-1.1 Development of Procedures ......................................................... 6-2 6-1.2 Lockout ......................................................................................... 6-2 6-1.3 Tagouts......................................................................................... 6-2 6-1.4 Preparation of the Safe Clearance Form (Switching Order) ......... 6-2 6-1.5 Issue (Approval) of the Safe Clearance Form (Switching Order) . 6-2 6-1.6 Safe Clearance Form Description................................................. 6-3 6-1.7 Lockout and Tagout Precautions .................................................. 6-4

6-2 ENERGY CONTROL (LOCKOUT/TAGOUT) ............................... 6-6

6-2.1 Low-Voltage Levels (600 Volts and Below) .................................. 6-6 6-2.2 High-Voltage Levels (>600 Volts) ................................................. 6-6 6-3 INSPECTIONS AND TRAINING................................................... 6-7

CHAPTER 7 DEENERGIZED LINE GROUNDING

Paragraph 7-1 TEMPORARY GROUNDING........................................................ 7-1 7-1.1 Testing .......................................................................................... 7-1 7-1.2 Installation Criteria ........................................................................ 7-1 7-1.3 Temporary Grounding System Components ................................ 7-1 iv

7-1.4 Equipotential Zone........................................................................ 7-3 7-1.5 Ground Connection and Electrodes.............................................. 7-3

7-2 TEMPORARY GROUNDING OF SUBSTATION

CURRENT-CARRYING EQUIPMENT COMPONENTS.......... 7-3

7-3 AERIAL LIFT TRUCK VEHICLE GROUNDING ........................... 7-5

7-4 TEMPORARY GROUNDING OF UNDERGROUND LINES ........ 7-7

7-5 OPENING OR SPLICING DEENERGIZED CONDUCTORS ....... 7-7

7-6 GROUNDING FOR STRINGING AND REMOVING LINES ......... 7-8

7-7 TEMPORARY GROUNDING OF AERIAL LINES ........................ 7-10

7-8 PLACEMENT OF GROUNDS ...................................................... 7-10

CHAPTER 8 ENERGIZED WORK

Paragraph 8-1 WORK ON ENERGIZED CIRCUITS ............................................ 8-1 8-1.1 Energized Work Permit................................................................. 8-1 8-1.2 Categories of Work ....................................................................... 8-2 8-2 ENERGIZED WORK RULES........................................................ 8-3 8-2.1 Permitted Work ............................................................................. 8-3 8-2.2 Personal Protective Equipment .................................................... 8-3 8-2.3 Statement of Qualifications........................................................... 8-3 8-2.4 Work Methods for Voltage Levels................................................. 8-3 8-2.5 Pre-Work Procedures ................................................................... 8-7 8-2.6 General Job-in-Progress Procedures ........................................... 8-7

CHAPTER 9 SUBSTATIONS AND SWITCHGEAR

Paragraph 9-1 SUBSTATION WORK................................................................... 9-1 9-1.1 Purpose of Substation .................................................................. 9-1 9-1.2 Diagrams and Schematics............................................................ 9-1 9-1.3 Engineering Guidance .................................................................. 9-1 9-1.4 System Operation ......................................................................... 9-1 9-1.5 Abnormal Conditions .................................................................... 9-2 9-1.6 Defective Equipment..................................................................... 9-2 9-2 SWITCHING ................................................................................. 9-2 9-2.1 Air Switches .................................................................................. 9-3 9-2.2 Oil Switches .................................................................................. 9-4 9-2.3 SF6 Switches ................................................................................ 9-4 9-2.4 Oil-Filled Vacuum Switches .......................................................... 9-4 9-3 FUSES.......................................................................................... 9-5 9-3.1 Characteristics .............................................................................. 9-5 9-3.2 Fuse Handling............................................................................... 9-5 9-3.3 Operation of Energized Fuses ...................................................... 9-5 9-3.4 Open Fuse Holder ........................................................................ 9-5 9-3.5 Closed-Position Fuse Locking ...................................................... 9-5 9-3.6 Bypassing ..................................................................................... 9-5

9-4 ENERGY STORING PROTECTIVE DEVICES ............................ 9-6

9-4.1 Electrical Charge .......................................................................... 9-6 9-4.2 Surge Arresters............................................................................. 9-6 9-4.3 Choke Coils .................................................................................. 9-6 9-4.4 Capacitors..................................................................................... 9-6 v

9-4.5 Coupling Capacitors ..................................................................... 9-7

9-5 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS ............................................... 9-8

9-5.1 Potential (Voltage) Transformers (PT).......................................... 9-8 9-5.2 Current Transformers (CT) ........................................................... 9-9

9-6 POWER TRANSFORMERS AND REGULATORS....................... 9-9

9-6.1 Transformers (Power and Distribution)......................................... 9-9 9-6.2 Voltage Regulators ....................................................................... 9-10 9-7 METALCLAD SWITCHGEAR....................................................... 9-11 9-8 STATIONARY BATTERIES.......................................................... 9-12 9-8.1 Basis for Safety Requirements ..................................................... 9-12 9-8.2 Protective Equipment.................................................................... 9-13 9-8.3 Safety Precautions........................................................................ 9-14

9-9 INSULATING OIL HANDLING OPERATIONS ............................. 9-15

CHAPTER 10 AERIAL LINES

Paragraph 10-1 AERIAL LINE WORK.................................................................... 10-1 10-1.1 Working in Elevated Positions ...................................................... 10-1 10-1.2 Qualified Climber .......................................................................... 10-1 10-1.3 Navy Criteria for Qualified Climbers ............................................. 10-1 10-2 POLE HANDLING OPERATIONS ................................................ 10-2 10-2.1 General ......................................................................................... 10-2 10-2.2 Pole Contact Precautions ............................................................. 10-2 10-2.3 Receiving Pole Shipment.............................................................. 10-3 10-2.4 Ground Handling........................................................................... 10-3 10-2.5 Long Term Pole Storage............................................................... 10-4 10-2.6 Temporary Pole Storage............................................................... 10-4 10-2.7 Hauling Poles................................................................................ 10-4

10-3 POLE INSTALLATION, REPLACEMENT, AND REMOVAL ........ 10-5

10-3.1 Pole Holes .................................................................................... 10-5 10-3.2 Digging Holes ............................................................................... 10-5 10-3.3 Covering a Hole ............................................................................ 10-5 10-3.4 Hole Casings ................................................................................ 10-5 10-3.5 Setting Poles................................................................................. 10-5 10-3.6 Pole Setting Trucks....................................................................... 10-9 10-3.7 Setting Poles in Energized Lines .................................................. 10-10 10-3.8 Backfilling the Hole ....................................................................... 10-10 10-3.9 Dismantling Poles ......................................................................... 10-10

10-4 CLIMBING AND WORKING ON POLES...................................... 10-11

10-4.1 General Rules............................................................................... 10-11 10-4.2 Pole Inspection Before Climbing................................................... 10-12 10-5 POLE CLIMBING EQUIPMENT ................................................... 10-14 10-5.1 General Rules............................................................................... 10-14 10-5.2 Wooden Pole Climbing Equipment ............................................... 10-14 10-5.3 Concrete and Steel Pole Climbing................................................ 10-20

10-6 POLE CLIMBING AND WORK PRECAUTIONS .......................... 10-21

10-6.1 General Pole Climbing Precautions.............................................. 10-21 10-6.2 Wooden Pole Climbing Precautions ............................................. 10-22 10-6.3 Concrete and Steel Pole and Tower Climbing Precautions.......... 10-23 10-6.4 Working on Poles.......................................................................... 10-23 10-6.5 Safety Straps ................................................................................ 10-23 vi

10-6.6 Hoisting or Lowering Materials ..................................................... 10-24 10-7 CROSSING STRUCTURES ......................................................... 10-24

10-8 STRINGING OR REMOVING DEENERGIZED

CONDUCTORS AND OVERHEAD GROUND WIRES ........... 10-24

10-8.1 Pre-Work Meeting......................................................................... 10-24 10-8.2 Work Adjacent to Energized Lines................................................ 10-24 10-8.3 Grounding ..................................................................................... 10-25 10-8.4 Handling and Stringing ................................................................. 10-26 10-8.5 Primary Line Installation ............................................................... 10-26 10-8.6 Secondary Line Installation........................................................... 10-27 10-8.7 Removing Lines ............................................................................ 10-27 10-8.8 Guying .......................................................................................... 10-28 10-8.9 Insulators ...................................................................................... 10-29 10-9 ENERGIZED WORK..................................................................... 10-29 10-10 STREET LIGHTING...................................................................... 10-29 10-10.1 Voltage Level ................................................................................ 10-29 10-10.2 Clearance Requirements .............................................................. 10-29 10-10.3 Multiple Street Lighting Circuits .................................................... 10-29 10-10.4 Series Street Lighting Circuits ...................................................... 10-29 10-10.5 Climbing Space............................................................................. 10-30 10-10.6 Time Switches .............................................................................. 10-30

10-11 WORKING ON OR NEAR POLE-MOUNTED EQUIPMENT ........ 10-30

10-11.1 Surge Arresters............................................................................. 10-30 10-11.2 Switches and Fuses...................................................................... 10-30 10-11.3 Capacitors..................................................................................... 10-30 10-11.4 Power Transformers and Voltage Regulators............................... 10-30 10-12 AERIAL ROPE.............................................................................. 10-32 10-12.1 Conductivity .................................................................................. 10-32 10-12.2 Terminology of Rope Use ............................................................. 10-32 10-12.3 Knots and Splices ......................................................................... 10-33 10-12.4 Handline and Rope Line Precautions ........................................... 10-33 10-12.5 Tackle Blocks................................................................................ 10-34 10-13 TOOLS.......................................................................................... 10-34 10-13.1 Portable Power Tool Precautions ................................................. 10-34 10-13.2 Miscellaneous Tool Precautions ................................................... 10-34

10-14 AERIAL LIFTS AND INSULATED BUCKETS .............................. 10-35

10-14.1 Types of Aerial Lifts ...................................................................... 10-35 10-14.2 General Requirements.................................................................. 10-39 10-14.3 Training......................................................................................... 10-41 10-14-4 Driving Precautions....................................................................... 10-41 10-14.5 Setting Up and Knocking Down at the Job Site ............................ 10-42 10-14.6 Operating at the Job Site .............................................................. 10-43 10-14.7 Operation of Aerial Lift Equipment Near Energized Electrical Facilities ................................................................... 10-44

10-15 TREE TRIMMING AND BRUSH REMOVAL ................................ 10-45

10-15.1 Training Qualifications .................................................................. 10-45 10-15.2 Public Safety................................................................................. 10-45 10-15.3 Tool Safety.................................................................................... 10-45 10-15.4 Work Near Energized Lines.......................................................... 10-45 10-15.5 Climbing and Working on Trees ................................................... 10-46 10-15.6 Felling Trees ................................................................................. 10-46 vii

10-15.7 Power Trimming Equipment ......................................................... 10-47 10-15.8 Right-Of-Way Brush Removal ...................................................... 10-47

CHAPTER 11 UNDERGROUND LINES

Paragraph 11-1 UNDERGROUND WORK............................................................. 11-1

11-2 GENERAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS .............................. 11-1

11-3 CABLE PULLING.......................................................................... 11-3 11-4 BURIED ELECTRICAL CABLES.................................................. 11-3

11-5 DAMAGE TO EXISTING UTILITY LINES..................................... 11-4

11-6 PREPARING TO WORK UNDERGROUND................................. 11-4

11-6.1 General Atmosphere Control Precautions Before Entry ............... 11-4 11-6.2 Atmosphere Testing Before Entering Underground Structures .... 11-5 11-6.3 Atmospheric Test Equipment........................................................ 11-6 11-6.4 Stray Electrical Voltage Testing.................................................... 11-6 11-6.5 Pumping a Manhole...................................................................... 11-7 11-6.6 Removal of Duct Plugs ................................................................. 11-7 11-6.7 Emergency Entrance .................................................................... 11-7 11-6.8 Ventilation of Underground Structures.......................................... 11-7

11-7 WORK INSIDE UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES ...................... 11-8

11-7.1 General ......................................................................................... 11-8 11-7.2 Work Precautions ......................................................................... 11-9 11-7.3 Working on Cables and Apparatus ............................................... 11-10

CHAPTER 12 LOW-VOLTAGE INTERIOR SYSTEMS

Paragraph 12-1 WORKING ON INDOOR EQUIPMENT ........................................ 12-1 12-1.1 Restricted Space .......................................................................... 12-1 12-1.2 Grounding Systems ...................................................................... 12-1 12-1.3 Disconnection of Power Sources.................................................. 12-1 12-1.4 Related Building Systems............................................................. 12-1 12-2 LOW-VOLTAGE SYSTEMS ......................................................... 12-1 12-2.1 Overview....................................................................................... 12-1 12-2.2 Battery Room Hazards ................................................................. 12-2 12-2.3 Fire Alarm Systems ...................................................................... 12-2 12-2.4 Solid-State Equipment .................................................................. 12-2 12-2.5 Low-Voltage Work Precautions .................................................... 12-2 12-3 ROTATING MACHINERY............................................................. 12-4 12-3.1 Hazards of Rotating Machinery .................................................... 12-4 12-3.2 Motors and Generators................................................................. 12-4

CHAPTER 13 SHORE-TO-SHIP ELECTRICAL POWER CONNECTIONS

Paragraph 13-1 CONNECT/DISCONNECT RESPONSIBILITIES ......................... 13-1

13-2 SHIP’S MAIN ELECTRICAL SERVICE COMPONENTS ............. 13-2

13-2.1 Shore High-Voltage Distribution System ...................................... 13-2 13-2.2 Pier Substations............................................................................ 13-2 13-2.3 Ship-to-Shore Pier Electrical Outlet Assemblies........................... 13-5 13-2.4 Ship-to-Shore Power Cables and Connectors.............................. 13-7

13-3 SHIP’S ELECTRICAL SERVICE COMPONENT RELATIONS .... 13-10

viii

13-3.1 Equipment Physical Relationships................................................ 13-10 13-3.2 Electrical Circuit Arrangement ...................................................... 13-10

13-4 UNUSUAL SHORE-TO-SHIP SYSTEM HAZARDS ..................... 13-12

13-4.1 Split Personnel Responsibilities.................................................... 13-12 13-4.2 Portable Power Cable and Outlet Safety Assurance .................... 13-13 13-4.3 Electrical Equipment Accessibility and Working Space ................ 13-13 13-4.4 Ship’s Electrical Power Input Safety ............................................. 13-14 13-4.5 Parallel Operation ......................................................................... 13-14

13-5 SUPPORTING SHORE-TO-SHIP SAFETY REQUIREMENTS ... 13-14

13-5.1 Specialized Shore-to-Ship System Training ................................. 13-14 13-5.2 Specific SOPs............................................................................... 13-15

13-6 PORTABLE SHORE POWER CABLES AND RECEPTACLES ... 13-16

13-6.1 Low-Voltage Terminations and Protective Circuit Breakers ......... 13-16 13-6.2 High-Voltage (4,160 Volt and 15 kV) Terminations and Protective Circuit Breakers ...................................................... 13-17

13-7 SHIP CONNECTION PROCEDURES BEFORE SHIP DOCKS... 13-19

13-7.1 General ......................................................................................... 13-19 13-7.2 Laying, Inspecting, and Testing Power Cable Assemblies ........... 13-19 13-7.3 Checking 480 Volt Shore Receptacles ......................................... 13-21 13-7.4 Checking 4,160 Volt Shore Receptacles ...................................... 13-22 13-7.5 Inserting Cable Plugs Into Receptacles (480 Volts and 4,160 Volts)....................................................................... 13-23

13-8 SHORE-TO-SHIP POWER CABLE RIGGING AFTER

SHIP DOCKS........................................................................... 13-24

13-9 SHIP’S TRANSFER TO SHORE POWER ................................... 13-24

13-10 SHIP’S TRANSFER BACK TO THE SHIP’S GENERATOR ........ 13-24

13-11 SHORE DISCONNECTION OF CABLE PLUGS AND REMOVAL

OF CABLE ASSEMBLIES ....................................................... 13-25

CHAPTER 14 ELECTRICAL WORKER RESCUE

Paragraph 14-1 RESCUE TRAINING..................................................................... 14-1 14-2 POLE-TOP RESCUE.................................................................... 14-1 14-3 RESCUE FROM A MANHOLE ..................................................... 14-4

14-3 RESCUE FROM AN AERIAL LIFT (BUCKET TRUCK)................ 14-6

14-5 ELECTRICAL SHOCK.................................................................. 14-7 14-5.1 Effects........................................................................................... 14-7 14-5.2 Freeing the Victim......................................................................... 14-7 14-5.3 Training......................................................................................... 14-7

GLOSSARY G-1

APPENDIX A REFERENCES A-1

APPENDIX B OPNAV P-45-117-6-98, ELECTRICAL WORKER FIELD B-1

SAFETY GUIDE

ix

FIGURES

Figure Title

1-1 Ground Potential Gradient................................................................................. 1-5 1-2 Current Path Flow ............................................................................................. 1-6 3-1 Approach Limits................................................................................................. 3-1 4-1 Arc Flash Warning Label ................................................................................... 4-16 4-2 Personal Protective Equipment for Working on a Pole ..................................... 4-22 4-3 Types of Fall Protection..................................................................................... 4-23 5-1 Support Points of Full Body Harness ................................................................ 5-5 5-2 Phasing Check Using Hot-Stick Phasing Testers ............................................. 5-10 7-1 Substation Temporary Grounding ..................................................................... 7-4 7-2 Insulated and Uninsulated Aerial Lift Vehicle Grounding Connections ............. 7-7 7-3 Underground System Grounding Sets .............................................................. 7-7 7-4 Using a Conductive or Insulating Platform for Opening/Closing Deenergized Overhead Conductors............................................................. 7-8 7-5 Composite Stringing/Removing Temporary Protective Grounds on Overhead Conductor Lines ..................................................................... 7-9 10-1 Pike Pole Method .............................................................................................. 10-7 10-2 Winch Line Method............................................................................................ 10-9 10-3 Comparison of Correct and Incorrect Gaff Shapes ........................................... 10-18 10-4 Honing a Gaff .................................................................................................... 10-18 11-1 Sail Method of Manhole Ventilation................................................................... 11-8 13-1 Electrical Connection Outlet Assembly with a 15 kV Receptacle...................... 13-3 13-2 Close-Up of Electrical Connection Outlet Assembly ......................................... 13-3 13-3 Inside a Pier Vault Housing a Substation .......................................................... 13-4 13-4 Skid-Mounted Substation .................................................................................. 13-4 13-5 Skid-Mounted Substation with Single Pole Connections................................... 13-5 13-6 Newer Double-Deck Pier Switchgear ................................................................ 13-5 13-7 480 Volt Pier Electrical Outlet Assembly Without Cable Connections .............. 13-6 13-8 4.16 kV Pier Electrical Outlet Assembly and Outlets – Existing Installations .... 13-7 13-9 4.16 kV Pier Electrical Outlet Assembly and Outlets – Newer Designs ............ 13-7 13-10 480 Volt Pier Electrical Outlet Assembly and Cable Connections..................... 13-8 13-11 480 Volt Shore-Cable to Ship-Cable with Single-Pole Connection ................... 13-8 13-12 480 Volt Shore-Cable to Ship-Cable Plug and Receptacle Connection in Place ..................................................................................... 13-9 13-13 480 Volt Shore-Cable to Ship-Cable Splice Connection In Place ..................... 13-9 13-14 Shore-to-Ship Portable Power Cable Location Diagram ................................... 13-10 13-15 Preferred Ship-to-Shore Circuit Arrangement ................................................... 13-11 13-16 Procedure for Safely Energizing a Ship From a Shore Electrical Circuit........... 13-12 13-17 Cable Being Reeled by a Boom Truck .............................................................. 13-16 13-18 Low-Voltage (480 Volt) Shore Receptacle ........................................................ 13-17 13-19 High-Voltage Shore Receptacle ........................................................................ 13-18 14-1 Unconscious Victim on a Pole........................................................................... 14-2 14-2 Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitation on a Pole .......................................................... 14-3 14-3 Position to Support Victim’s Body Weight ......................................................... 14-3 14-4 Two Rescuers Preparing to Lower Victim ......................................................... 14-4 14-5 Control of a Handline – One and Two Persons................................................. 14-4 14-6 Vault/Manhole Rescue ...................................................................................... 14-5 x

TABLES

Table Title

1-1 Effect of 60-Hertz Current on Humans .............................................................. 1-6 1-2 Typical Hazards................................................................................................. 1-7 1-3 Precautionary Steps to Minimize Asbestos Exposure....................................... 1-8 1-4 Knowing What to Do.......................................................................................... 1-8 2-1 Levels of Safety Accountability.......................................................................... 2-1 2-2 Prohibited Actions ............................................................................................. 2-3 2-3 Unsafe Worker Indications ................................................................................ 2-3 2-4 Pre-Site Job Requirements ............................................................................... 2-3 2-5 Significant Unsafe Actions and Conditions........................................................ 2-4 2-6 Job Hazard Analysis/Job Safety Analysis ......................................................... 2-4 3-1 Qualified Worker Minimum Approach Distances............................................... 3-3 3-2 Altitude Correction Factors................................................................................ 3-4 3-3 Excavation Pre-Survey Checklist ...................................................................... 3-5 3-4 Performing Excavations .................................................................................... 3-6 3-5 Backfilling .......................................................................................................... 3-6 3-6 Damage During Backfilling of Trenching ........................................................... 3-6 3-7 Jobs Acceptable For One Electrical Worker...................................................... 3-7 3-8 Jobs Requiring Two Electrical Workers............................................................. 3-7 3-9 Jobs Working In Confined Spaces That May Require More Than Two Workers ............................................................................................... 3-8 4-1 PPE Criteria....................................................................................................... 4-6 4-2 Hazard/Risk Category Classifications for Work Tasks on Grade ...................... 4-7 4-3 Additional Work Tasks and Associated PPE Requirements ............................. 4-12 5-1 Rubber Insulating Equipment Voltage Requirements ....................................... 5-2 5-2 Rubber Insulating Equipment Test Intervals ..................................................... 5-4 6-1 Lockout/Tagout Sequence ................................................................................ 6-1 7-1 Maximum Fault Current Capability for Grounding Cables................................. 7-2 7-2 Temporary Ground Rod Minimum Requirements ............................................. 7-3 7-3 Substation Protective Grounding Procedures ................................................... 7-4 7-4 Grounding of Substation Equipment ................................................................. 7-5 7-5 Grounding of Equipment During Oil Handling ................................................... 7-5 7-6 Procedures for Grounding Insulated and Uninsulated Aerial Lift Trucks........... 7-6 7-7 Stringing/Removing Conductor Ground Locations ............................................ 7-9 7-8 Conductor Ground Location After Pulling.......................................................... 7-10 7-9 Temporary Grounding Connection/Removal Procedures ................................. 7-11 8-1 Approved Energized Overhead Line Work Methods by Voltage Class ............. 8-4 8-2 Insulating Tools for Electrical Workers .............................................................. 8-5 8-3 Insulating Overhead Line Plastic Guards/Platforms for Electrical Workers ........................................................................................ 8-6 8-4 Pre-Work Procedures – Overhead Line ............................................................ 8-7 8-5 Energized Work Precautions – Overhead Line ................................................. 8-7 8-6 Voltage Level Work Procedures – Overhead Line ............................................ 8-8 10-1 Average Crew Size Required to Raise Poles by Piking .................................... 10-8 10-2 In-Use Check of Pole Climber Gaffs ................................................................. 10-20 10-3 Insulating Device Categories............................................................................. 10-36 10-4 Application and Uses of Aerial Devices............................................................. 10-37 xi

10-5 Periodic Electrical Test Values for Insulating Aerial Devices with a Lower Test Electrode System (Category A and Category B) ....................... 10-38 10-6 Insulating Aerial Devices Without Lower Test Electrode System (Category C)................................................................................................. 10-38 10-7 Insulating Aerial Ladders and Insulating Vertical Aerial Towers ....................... 10-39 10-8 In Field Tests for Insulating Aerial Devices – ANSI A92 Section 5.4.3.2 Item 10(c) ............................................................................ 10-39 10-9 Approach Distances for Qualified Employees - Alternating Current.................. 10-40 11-1 Precautions Before Entering Underground Structures ...................................... 11-5 13-1 Shore-to-Ship Electrical Connect Responsibilities ............................................ 13-1 13-2 Shore-to-Ship Electrical Disconnect Responsibilities........................................ 13-1 14-1 Method for Lowering a Victim............................................................................ 14-2

1-1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1-1 PURPOSE. This Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) has been issued to provide safety requirements for electrical workers. The requirements address various aspects associated with work safety for electrical workers. Wherever specific instructions are provided, the emphasis is on the job safety requirements; additional work instructions will likely be necessary related to the actual work being performed.

1-2 SCOPE. \2\ This UFC provides safety requirements and guidance for anyone working on or near electrical components rated at 50 volts or above. /2/

1-2.1 Voltage Classification. For the purposes of this UFC, low voltage is defined as 600 volts or less. Voltages higher than 600 volts are referred to as high voltage.

Refer to Glossary for definitions.

1-2.2 Need. Electrical personnel involved in operating and maintaining electrical facilities can be injured and equipment can be damaged whenever electrical systems and components are not handled safely. The adoption and enforcement of safe electrical practices will reduce the hazards to personnel.

1-2.3 Familiarity and Requirements. Each worker must understand and apply those safety requirements of this UFC that apply to the work performed. \2\ This safety manual must be readily available to each worker for reference and study. /2/

1-2.4 Mishap Prevention. Mishap prevention is a basic responsibility of every worker. Personal safety, fellow workers’ safety, and the general public’s safety depend upon compliance with this manual’s requirements. Safety takes precedence over work production.

\2\ /2/ 1-2.5 Unclear Conditions.