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OSE_____________________________________________________________

Newport Airport Soil Report

Newport OR

September 26, 2023

Oregon Soil & Environmental Paul Kennedy CPSS#355840

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Picture of City of Newport Airport area soils (blue outline)

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Contents General Information

Previous Mapping

Soil Survey Principles, Methods, Practices Used: contour and slope transect survey

Findings

General Information

Geology

Figure 2. Location map of Area of Interest (AOI triangle outlined in yellow)

Landforms

Climate and Hydrology

Geomorphic and vegetation correlations

NRCS Soil Survey Lincoln County and Soil Map Units

Figure 3. Airport Area of Interest Soil Map Units

NRCS Soil Survey Lincoln County Airport Area Soil Map Units

Table 1 AOI NRCS soil map units acreages (1)

3C—Bandon fine sandy loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes

3E—Bandon fine sandy loam, 12 to 50 percent slopes

14B—Depoe loam, 0 to 7 percent slopes

42C—Nelscott loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes

59C—Urban land-Nelscott complex, 0 to 12 percent slopes

OSE AOI Soil Survey for the AOI Newport, OR

Method of soil survey:

OSE Description of the AOI Soil Map units

AOI Soil Taxonomy

Figure 4. AOI Soil Map Units

Table 2 NRCS soil map unit and acreage(1)

References:

Appendices

Appendix 1. Lincoln County Assessors Map and aerial map of AOI (black box)

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Appendix 2. Vicinity Map Lincoln County

Appendix 3. Topographic Map of AOI

Topographic Map of AOI

Appendix 4. OSE Order 1 Soil Survey Sampling Plan

Appendix 5. Soil Desrcriptions Sample Points

Appendix 6. NRCS Soil Map for AOI

Appendix 7. Onsite System treatment

Land Owner: City of Newport Client: City of Newport Address: City of Newport Airport, Newport OR 97365 Contact: Anna Iaukea, Urban Renewal Project Manager

(541) 547-5868 a.iaukea@newportoregon.gov

Site Location: Newport Airport

Map Tax Lot, Township, Range, Section:

Twp 11S R 11W Sec 32C tax lot 200 approx. 200 acres

Latitude and Longitude:

Lat. 44o34’406’N, Long. 124o03’578’W 140 ft ele.

General Information Purpose of Soil Report: a soil assessment is required to determine if soil map units are on the proposed site qualifies for a large onsite wastewater system.

Be advised the Counting Planning has the statutory authority to make final land use decisions. The Department of Environmental Quality oversees and regulated the permitting and construction of large Onsite system in the county.

Present Zoning: Industrial commercial Current Land Use: Airport.

Assessor Map (Appendix 1) Vicinity Map (Appendix 2)

Previous Mapping Lincoln County Soil Survey:

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The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) along with the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) reissued the Soil Survey Lincoln County Area (SSCCA) in 1983 (1).

Most of the Lincoln County soil survey is done at an Order 3 soil survey or a fractional map scale of 1:20,000 to 1:63,360.

The Newport South Quadrangle, OR 7.5 minute series, 1:24,000 scale. USGS 2020.

Topographic maps (Appendix 3)

Findings

General Information The airport it was built in 1943. For the proposed LOSS model the area of interest hasn’t been disturbed since 1943. A short history of airport development activities include multi-phase, multi-year (1980-1986) renovation to the airfield. The airport activities include acquire surrounding property, cleared vegetation, road relocation, installation of a runway lighting system, and construction of a lighted wind sock. In 2014, a reconstruction project was done to reduce the width of Runway 16-34, which runs along the east side of the area of Interest (AOI triangle). According to the city personal all these projects didn’t involve any earth moving activities in the AOI.

Geology

Lincoln County near Newport is made up of marine terraces that are a physiographic division of the Nye Formation. Newport is situated on a long coastal plain that stretches from Waldport to the Yaquina head (4)(5,7).

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Figure 2. Location map of Area of Interest (AOI triangle outlined in yellow)

Landforms Marine terrace, backslopes, hillslopes and ridges.

slopes 0% to 30% slope.

Elevation 140 feet.

Climate and Hydrology

The area’s climate is cool winters and warm summers the area has a mean annual precipitation of about 70 inches and mean maximum annual temperature 58F and 44F minimum annual temperature. The vegetation on the area of interest is currently is scotch broom and raspberries.

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For Lincoln County the typical soil moisture regime is mesic boarding on xeric, where normally the soils are dry 45 or more days in the 4 months following the summer solstice and are moist for 45 days or more in the 4 months following the winter solstice. The difference between the mean summer and winter soil temperature is more 6o C; the mean annual soil temperatures regime is 8o C or higher, but lower than 15o C which can be called a mesic soil temperature regime (1,6).

Geomorphic and vegetation correlations The airport AOI is about 3 miles south of eastside of Hwy 101 as you leave Newport. . The geomorphic surface is designated as marine terrace(1,4,5,7). Parent material is eolean deposits over sedimentary mudstone (1,4,5,7). The soils are well drained that supports vegetation types like, scotch broom, raspberries, grasses and forbs vegetation (1).

Landform can be divided into physiography, relief and drainage all of which can affect an onsite system performance. Physiographic would the distinct geographic province such as the Coast and Coastal Range Mountains. Relief and drainage will unique climatic, geologic, topographic, soil and vegetative components. The land levelness or hilliness affect soil formation by erosion depositing and removing layers on the landform. The AOI consists river terrace and old marine terrace that are part of the Coastal lowlands, a subset of the Coast Range Mountain province. With movement of the geologic Pacific plate along with a drop in ocean level and the deposition these alluvial marine terraces formed. The Newport area climate is cool marine air with wet winters and moisture summers.

NRCS Soil Survey Lincoln County and Soil Map Units USDA’s Soil Survey Manual2 list kinds of map unit components in a soil survey. The component of a map unit is that it can be delineated at some scale and that the components that make up a map unit can be identified on the ground and delineated separately at a sufficiently large scale. Map units used in soil survey are soil series, taxonomic, taxadjunts/variant, miscellaneous areas and phases of components. Soil series represents a three dimensional soil body of unique combination of properties that differ from neighboring series.

Soil taxonomic classes provide information that defines basic sets of soil properties. Taxon summarizes the significant soil properties and combination of properties. A soil map unit is unique and is distinguished from other map units in an area by name. Soil boundaries are seldom completely accurate on soil maps in that parts of adjacent polygons are included or excluded from mapping delineations. A soil component is an entity that can be delineated at some map scale for example a soil map unit or miscellaneous area. Soil map units can consist of up to three dominate and some minor components. Soil components are properties observed or measured as aggregate attributes or values for each soil map unit in a soil survey area. Major components are included in the soil map name and can be a polypedons or part of several pedons. Phase is a term that may be part of unit component name to convey important information about that soil map unit or that differentiates it from other map units (e.g. frost hazard). Phases may only be part of a range of features characteristic of taxon in a map unit (2).

The map units delineated on a soil survey maps represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the

OSE. O1SS Page 8 composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils.

Soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena.

Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. An area of soil of a single taxonomic class is rare. Areas can be mapped without including small areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named can have some minor components that belong to taxonomic class other than those of the area’s major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components.

They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used.

Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps, but may not be described. These small areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data.

Map units are made up of complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in an unpredictable intricate pattern and in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the soil map.

The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are predictable and somewhat similar. An undifferentiated group is map units of dissimilar soils that are not consistently associated geographically and may not occur together in the same map delineation.

Some surveys include miscellaneous areas, undifferentiated group map units that are dissimilar to the soil and not consistent or mapped association geographically. The group features outside the soil would be flooding, stoniness or steepness. Such areas could have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation such as rock outcrop.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike in properties and characteristics are called soil series.

Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have similar major horizons that are alike in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of these differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on a soil survey map are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management for example steep slope. Urban- Nelscott silt loan 0 to 7 percent slope (59C).

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Figure 3. Airport Area of Interest Soil Map Units

NRCS Soil Survey Lincoln County Airport Area Soil Map Units The NRCS SSDCA mapped the AOI as Urban land-Nelscott silt loam 0 to 7 percent slope (59C), Bandon sandy loam 3 to 12 percent slope (3C) Bandon sandy loam 12 to 30 percent slope (3E) Depoe loam 0 to 7 percent slope, Nelscott silt loam 3 to 12 percent slope and Nelscott silt loam 12 50 percent slope, see Table 1 is 417 acres. The AOI is mapped as Urban Land-Nelscott (59C) approximate acreage 30 acres.

Table 1 AOI NRCS soil map units acreages (1)

NRCS use of the Order 3 soil survey to interpret land use capabilities and land use decisions by taxon (soil series names) is not the intended use at this survey level.

The NRCS describes the AOI soil map units as follows:

3C—Bandon fine sandy loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 259j Elevation: 50 to 300 feet Mean annual precipitation: 60 to 90 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 54 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 300 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Map Unit Composition Newport and similar soils:75 percent Minor components:7 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Bandon

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Setting Landform:Marine terraces Landform position (three-dimensional):Riser Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Colluvium derived from sedimentary rock Typical profile Oi - 0 to 2 inches: slightly decomposed plant material H1 - 2 to 5 inches: fine sandy loam H2 - 5 to 30 inches: gravelly loam H3 - 30 to 47 inches: cemented material H4 - 47 to 60 inches: stratified fine sand to loam Properties and qualities Slope:3 to 12 percent Depth to restrictive feature:20 to 36 inches to ortstein Drainage class:Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 4.1 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Ecological site: F004AC409OR - Coastal Upland Cool Forest Forage suitability group: Well Drained <15% Slopes (G004AY014OR) Other vegetative classification: Well Drained <15% Slopes (G004AY014OR) Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Depoe Percent of map unit:7 percent Landform:Marine terraces Hydric soil rating: Yes

3E—Bandon fine sandy loam, 12 to 50 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 259l Elevation: 50 to 250 feet Mean annual precipitation: 60 to 80 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 52 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 240 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Newport and similar soils:75 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Bandon Setting Landform:Marine terraces Landform position (three-dimensional):Riser Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Colluvium derived from sedimentary rock Typical profile

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Oi - 0 to 2 inches: slightly decomposed plant material H1 - 2 to 5 inches: fine sandy loam H2 - 5 to 30 inches: gravelly loam H3 - 30 to 47 inches: cemented material H4 - 47 to 60 inches: stratified fine sand to loam Properties and qualities Slope:12 to 50 percent Depth to restrictive feature:20 to 36 inches to ortstein Drainage class:Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 4.1 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Ecological site: F004AC409OR - Coastal Upland Cool Forest Hydric soil rating: No

14B—Depoe loam, 0 to 7 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2575 Elevation: 50 to 300 feet Mean annual precipitation: 60 to 90 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 54 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 300 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Depoe and similar soils:80 percent Minor components:2 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Depoe Setting Landform:Marine terraces Landform position (three-dimensional):Tread Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Stratified marine deposits derived from mixed sources Typical profile Oi - 0 to 3 inches: slightly decomposed plant material H1 - 3 to 7 inches: loam H2 - 7 to 19 inches: loam H3 - 19 to 52 inches: cemented material H4 - 52 to 60 inches: fine sand Properties and qualities Slope:0 to 7 percent Depth to restrictive feature:12 to 20 inches to ortstein Drainage class:Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Very low to moderately low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr) Depth to water table:About 0 to 24 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:Frequent

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Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Very low (about 2.7 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6w Hydrologic Soil Group: D Ecological site: F004AB407OR - Coastal Headland Hydric soil rating: Yes Minor Components Depoe, loamy substratum Percent of map unit:2 percent Landform:Marine terraces Hydric soil rating: Yes

42C—Nelscott loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 259v Elevation: 50 to 300 feet Mean annual precipitation: 60 to 90 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 54 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 300 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Map Unit Composition Nelscott and similar soils:85 percent Minor components:4 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Nelscott Setting Landform:Marine terraces Landform position (three-dimensional):Tread Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Loamy eolian deposits over stratified marine deposits derived from mixed sources Typical profile Oi - 0 to 1 inches: slightly decomposed plant material H1 - 1 to 16 inches: loam H2 - 16 to 30 inches: silty clay loam H3 - 30 to 37 inches: loamy fine sand H4 - 37 to 49 inches: cemented material H5 - 49 to 60 inches: stratified fine sand to silt loam Properties and qualities Slope:3 to 12 percent Depth to restrictive feature:24 to 40 inches to ortstein Drainage class:Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table:About 22 to 38 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 6.1 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Ecological site: F004AB405OR - Coastal Salt Spray Forest Forage suitability group: Moderately Well Drained <15% Slopes (G004AY016OR)

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Other vegetative classification: Moderately Well Drained <15% Slopes (G004AY016OR) Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Depoe Percent of map unit:4 percent Landform:Marine terraces Hydric soil rating: Yes

42E—Nelscott loam, 12 to 50 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 259w Elevation: 50 to 250 feet Mean annual precipitation: 60 to 80 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 52 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 240 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Nelscott and similar soils:85 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Nelscott Setting Landform:Marine terraces Landform position (three-dimensional):Riser Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Loamy eolian deposits over stratified marine deposits derived from mixed sources Typical profile Oi - 0 to 1 inches: slightly decomposed plant material H1 - 1 to 16 inches: loam H2 - 16 to 30 inches: silty clay loam H3 - 30 to 37 inches: loamy fine sand H4 - 37 to 49 inches: cemented material H5 - 49 to 60 inches: stratified fine sand to silt loam Properties and qualities Slope:12 to 50 percent Depth to restrictive feature:24 to 40 inches to ortstein Drainage class:Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table:About 22 to 38 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 6.1 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Ecological site: F004AB405OR - Coastal Salt Spray Forest Hydric soil rating: No

59C—Urban land-Nelscott complex, 0 to 12 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 25cd Elevation: 50 to 300 feet Mean annual precipitation: 60 to 90 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 54 degrees F

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Frost-free period: 180 to 300 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Urban land:55 percent Nelscott and similar soils:30 percent Minor components:5 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Urban Land Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8 Hydric soil rating: No Description of Nelscott Setting Landform:Marine terraces Landform position (three-dimensional):Tread Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Loamy eolian deposits over stratified marine deposits derived from mixed sources Typical profile Oi - 0 to 1 inches: slightly decomposed plant material H1 - 1 to 16 inches: loam H2 - 16 to 30 inches: silty clay loam H3 - 30 to 37 inches: loamy fine sand H4 - 37 to 49 inches: cemented material H5 - 49 to 60 inches: stratified fine sand to silt loam Properties and qualities Slope:0 to 12 percent Depth to restrictive feature:24 to 40 inches to ortstein Drainage class:Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table:About 22 to 38 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 6.1 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Ecological site: F004AB405OR - Coastal Salt Spray Forest Forage suitability group: Moderately Well Drained <15% Slopes (G004AY016OR) Other vegetative classification: Moderately Well Drained <15% Slopes (G004AY016OR) Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Depoe Percent of map unit:5 percent Landform:Marine terraces Hydric soil rating: Yes

W—Water Map Unit Composition Water:100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit

Concepts worth repeating:

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First, it’s important to understand on the landscape, soils are natural phenomena that are variable in characteristics and properties. This also can mean soil map units can change several times across a field. It’s important to understand what information is in the Natural Resource Conservation Service Soil Survey for each County in Oregon. Again the NRCS typically does soil surveys at an order 3 level (typically map scale 1:24,000). This means the field investigation is based on aerial data and one or more field samples of an area about 40 acres in size. Remote sensing and traversing transects were used to identify soil of taxonomic classes in an area. The level of an order 3 soil survey (map scale) can be used to identify soil morphology and taxonomic features of area soils and may be used for land use decisions; but at this level of soil mapping is really too general to be useful for land management decisions like farming and irrigation.

Typically an order 1 soil survey (for example map scale 1:5000 and mapped on a scale of 5 acres or less) is needed to make useful land management decisions because this level of field investigation captures the six USDA taxonomic categories of a soil map unit, which are order, suborder, great group, subgroup, family and series. The first five are taxonomic categories are used to characterize features of a family and soil series.

The last two categories, family and series are most useful for farming and land use management decisions. Family categories detail soil chemical and physical properties that affect farm management and crop quality and yields. At the field level soil series (soil map unit) can have phase that are used for land used decisions.

As mentioned before soils phases in one series can be the difference in texture of the soil horizons or surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, soil water holding capacity and other characteristics that affect their use. Typically the areas shown on the detailed soil map are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management such slope. A good example would be the Nelscott silt loam, 0 to 7 percent slopes map unit should be managed differently for tillage and erosion control (soil texture and slope) than say a Nelscott silt loam of 30 to 70 percent slope.

OSE AOI Soil Survey for the AOI Newport, OR Date of survey: Oregon Soil & Environmental (OSE) conducted a Soil Survey on September 10 and 11, 2023.

Oregon Soil & Environmental (OSE) established a soil mapping plan for the area of interest (AOI).

The AOI perimeter was surveyed and OSE used primarily on-contour transects to map this parcel.

Auger holes were used to describe soil polygon. OSE mapped the property at approximate 1:1,200 scale (1 inch: 100 feet). Note reproduction of this report may cause distortion in the map scale.

Method of soil survey:

Landform slopes were measured with a clinometer, soil pH sampled and measured with hand held pH meter, soil textures were determined by hand texturing, and soil colors (wet) described using Munsell soil color charts using NRCS field soil sampling guide lines (3).

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The survey plan used auger holes and test pits placed on transects on contour across the AOI to establish the soil polygon. The test pits were described and soil horizon samples pulled for further analysis. OSE found the effective soil depth to be where roots stop. For this soil report this is called the effective soil depth (ESD) which is where the depth that’s root is limiting or a depth. For the soil sample location (test pit location) descriptions see Appendix 4.

OSE Description of the AOI Soil Map units Soil Report: Oregon Soil & Environmental OSE’s Paul Kennedy, a Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) certified soils classifier and Certified Professional Soil Scientist (CPSS # 355840) preformed a soil survey of the AOI. Certified soil scientist - soil classifier can make adjustment to soil taxonomy, soil map unit and land capability classification determinations to best reflect findings of the onsite soil survey.

This survey reviewed the suitability for grazing animals, and crop and timber production. Again, the Order 1 Soil Survey is more comprehensive than an order 2 or 3 soil survey because it delineates AOI at a map scale of 1:1,000 (e.g. more soil profile descriptions per unit area).

It’s important to understand a soil scientist looks at the nature of a soil and investigates maps, describes and classifies the soil in the AOI. Identifying soil series is not the object of mapping in soil survey in as much as the soil series serves as a bridge between real soil body properties and conceptual taxonomic classes. Land use classifications in a general way are categorizing and interpreting the real properties of soil limitations and suitability to grow a normal commercial timber harvest potential for the area without inordinate expensive and or intensive management. The expensive and intensive management would be measures that are beyond reasonable practices employed by regional foresters can employ to stay in business.

OSE canvassed and completed a detailed survey of the AOI soil characteristics using SSDC guidelines and found soil mapping by NRCS for the site to be mostly correct. The AOI soil sample points test pits (TP1-TP17) have eolian soils over buried marine soils. The soil profiles range in depth from about 20 inches more than 60 inches in depth based on effective soil depth (root limiting) see appendix 5.

AOI Soil Taxonomy For the predominant soil map unit in the AOI the taxonomic classification is Nelscott silt loam:

which is a fine-loamy over sandy skeletal, istotic over mixed, isomesic, orstein Typic Durorthod.

Breaking down the taxonomic name by nomenclature hierarchy:

Order: the ending od, meaning the taxonomic soil order is Spodosol, with Umbric epipedon (low base saturation due to acidity) that can range from 1 to 16 inches.

Suborder: Duro meaning Duric zone 19 to 51 inches cemented orstein layer (2Bsm and 2BCsm) Great group: Typic meaning fits within the concept of Durorthod Subgroup: isomesic soils with a difference between mean summer and mean winter soil temperature of < 6oC; soil temperature 8 to<15oC. Mean annual soil temperature about 50F.

Family: fine loamy over skeletal, isotic, (isotic mineralogy class was added to the U.S. Soil Taxonomy. The isotic mineralogy class includes those soils that have a colloidal fraction that is

OSE. O1SS Page 18 dominated by short-range order minerals or aluminum-humus complex. These soils do not meet all the criteria of the substitutes for particle size classes. Many soils with isotic mineralogy are not formed from parent materials influenced by tephra or volcanic rocks (Soil Survey Horizons 45(2):

55-61 2004), isomesic (The isomesic soil temperature regime annual soil temperatures of 8 °C or more, but a difference between mean summer and mean winter soil temperatures is less than 5 °C at 50 cm below the surface).

Series Name: Nelscott silt loam 0 to 7 percent slope (59C) Particle Size Control Section averages 18 to 30 percent clay Surface diagnostic horizon: Umbric eipedon (A and AB horizon), Cambic horizon 16 to 30 inches (Bw horizon), Subsurface diagnostic horizons: Albic horizon 30 to 37 inches (2E) with a Spodic horizon 37 to 49 inches with this horizon is an ortstein horizon (2Bsm)

OSE canvassed and completed a detailed soil survey of the Newport Airport and the AOI using SSDC guidelines. OSE found soil mapping by NRCS to be mostly correct. OSE found a soil polygon across the AOI and mapped it as Urban Land-Nelscott with a couple areas of fill with materials that appear to be from off site (See appendix 5).

OSE found soils in the area of the AOI should be suitable for a large advanced treatment onsite system.

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Figure 4. AOI Soil Map Units

Table 2 NRCS soil map unit and acreage(1)

OSE evaluated the airport site and mapped the soils as mostly Urban Land-Nelscott with a small area of another urban land soil. The three areas in the AOI were reviewed have not been

OSE. O1SS Page 20 disturbed since the airport construction by in 1943. Areas 1 and 2 are sandy textured soils mapped as Urban Land-Nelscott; they have a similar soil morphology. Area 3 is a sandy loam fill. Over the past 60 years all the areas have appreciable soil development structure, pores, and rooting to depths suitable for onsite sewage treatment.

Due the disturbance back in 1943 much of the original soil horizons have altered as evidenced by the E (albic horizon) being shattered into tiny fragments and scattered across the upper soils horizons in areas 1 and 2. There are few test pits that exhibit iron cementation down at the bottom of the test pit; this should not affect the effectiveness or design of a conventional large onsite system or advanced treatment onsite system.

In conclusion OSE investigated areas in the AOI and found some area soils would quality for onsite systems of various designs, dependent on the type of wastewater, flows and loads.

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References:

(1) USDA/NRCS Lincoln County Soil Survey, 1983.

(2) USDA Soil Survey Manual Handbook No. 18, March 2017

(3) USDA/NRCS Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils ver. 3.0, Sept 2012

(4) Roadside Geology of Oregon, Alt and Hyndman, 1978 Mountain Press Publ.

(5) Geology of Oregon, Ewart M. Baldwin, 1976 Kendall/Hunt Publ.

(6) USDA Keys to Soil Taxonomy Twelfth Edition, 2014

(7) WATERTECHONLINE Dan Theobald June 23, 2014

(8) Design Manual Onsite Wastewater Treatment and Disposal System, EPA 625/1-80-012

1980.

(9) Septic System Waste Treatment in Soil. Craig Cogger WSU Extension EB1475

(10) Microbial Diversity of Septic Tank Effluent and Soil Biomat. Tomaras. Sahl, Siegrist and

Spear. Appl Environ Microbial 2009 May; 75(10 3348-3351

Appendices

(1) Assessor Map

(2) Vicinity Map

(3) Topographic 1:24,000 1:62,000 scale

(4) Soil Sample Plan

(5) Auger hole descriptions

(6) OSE soils map units for AOI https://www.watertechonline.com/wastewater https://www.watertechonline.com/15545367

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OSE__________________________________________________________________________

Appendix 1. Lincoln County Assessors Map and aerial map of AOI (black box)

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Appendix 2. Vicinity Map Lincoln County

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Appendix 3. Topographic Map of AOI

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Topographic Map of AOI

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Appendix 4. OSE Order 1 Soil Survey Sampling Plan.

Site 1 Area of Interest (AOI, outlined in black) is approximately 10 acre (AOI).

AOI Auger Hole sample points (AH1-AH4 ); Sample Points 1-17

The proposed Airport onsite system AOI is surrounded by taxi routes and a runway.

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Distances between test pits 1-17

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Appendix 5. Soil Desrcriptions Sample Points Sample Point 1 (similar to test pits 2, 3 and 4)

Depth inches

Soil Texture

Soil Structure

Matrix Color

Roots Pores pH Comments

0-5 l 1fsbk 10YR 3/2 3fm vf m irr 4.8 3-5 % slope marine sediments

5-9 l 2fsbk 10YR 4/4

10YR 3/3

2fm vf f irr

9-30 sicl 2msbk 10YR 6/3 3fmc f m irr 10 YR 5/6 Fe

10 YR 6/1

depletion

15-22/25 lfs sg 10YR 5/2

10 YR 5/6

7.5 YR

4/4

3f2m vf irr 4.4 Eolian deposit

25-37 xgr-sl Rm 10YR/7.5

YR 3/2

3f2m vf irr Cemented Fe And weakly cemented fine sand

37-42+ s>sil sg>sbk 2.5 Y 6/2

10 YR 5/6

5YR 4/4

2f Fe Mn coatings on gravels

OSE. O1SS Page 30

Sample Point 2

Depth inches

Soil Texture

Soil Structure

Matrix

0-4 fls 1fsbk 10YR 3/2 3fm vf m irr 4.8 3-5 % slope marine sediments

4-10 fsl 2fsbk 10YR 4/4

10YR 3/3

3fm vf f irr

10-18 sl 2msbk 10YR 6/3 2fmc f m irr

18-30 lfs m>sg 10 YR 5/6

3f2m vf irr 4.4 Eolian deposit

30-60 xgr-sl m>sg 10YR/6/4 3f2m vf irr Fe weakly cemented fine sand

Sample Point 3 inches

Soil Texture

Soil Structure

Matrix

0-7 fls 1fsbk 10YR 4/3 3fm vf m irr 4.8 3-5 % slope 7-14 grsl 2fsbk 10YR 6/4 2fm vf f irr

14-19 xgrls 2msbk 10YR 5/4 3fmc f m irr

19-31 xgrs m>sg 10YR 5/4 3f2m vf irr 4.4

31-60 fs m>sg 10YR 7/3 3f2m vf irr Weakly sand

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Sample Point 4 inches

Soil Texture

Soil Structure

Matrix

0-5 fls 1fsbk 10YR 4/3 3fm vf m irr 4.8 3-5 % slope

5-10 grsl 2fsbk 10YR 6/4 2fm vf f irr

10-20 xgrls 2msbk 10YR 5/4 3fmc f m irr

20-43 xgrs m>sg 10YR 5/4 3f2m vf irr 4.4

43-45 Rm 7.5YR 4/4 Fe cemented fine sand

45+ fs m>sg 10YR 7/3 3f2m vf irr

Sample Point 5 inches

Soil Texture

Soil Structure

Matrix

0-4 l 1fsbk 10YR 3/2 3fm vf m irr 4.8 3-5 % slope

4-9 sl 2fsbk 10YR 3/2 2fm vf f irr

9-13-24 xgrls 2msbk 10YR 3/3 3fmc f m irr

24-52 sl m>sg 7.5YR 3/2 3f2m vf irr 4.4

52+ sl m>sg 7.5YR 3/2 3f2m vf irr

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Sample Point 6 (test pits 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 are similar) inches

Soil Texture

Soil Structure

Matrix

0-2-9 fls 1fsbk 10YR 4/3 3fm vf m irr 4.8 3-5 % slope

9-16 grsl 2fsbk 10YR 6/4 2fm vf f irr

16-20 xgrls pl >2msbk 10YR 5/4 3fmc f m irr

20-28 xgrs m>sg 10YR 5/4 3f2m vf irr 4.4

28-40 sm 7.5YR 4/4 Banding weak Fe cemented fine sand between sands

40+ fs m>sg 10YR 7/3 3f2m vf irr

Sample Point 7 inches

Soil Texture

Soil Structure

Matrix

0-2-9 fls 1fsbk 10YR 4/3 3fm vf m irr 3-5 % slope

9-16 grsl 2fsbk 10YR 6/4 2fm vf f irr

16-20 xgrls pl >2msbk 10YR 5/4 3fmc f m irr

20-28 xgrs m>sg 10YR 5/4 3f2m vf irr

28-40 m>sg 7.5YR 4/4 Fe cemented fine sand but not throughout test pit

40+ fs m>sg 10YR 7/3 3f2m vf irr

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Sample Point 8 inches

Soil Texture

Soil Structure

Matrix

0-2-9 fls 1fsbk 10YR 4/3 3fm vf m irr 4.8 3-5 % slope

9-20 grsl 2fsbk 10YR 6/4 2fm vf f irr

20-28 xgrls pl >2msbk 10YR 5/4 2fmc f m irr

28-34 xgrs m>sg 10YR 5/4 2f2m vf irr 4.4

34-41 Rm 7.5YR 4/4 Fe cemented fine sand

41-45 fs m>sg 10YR 7/3 1f1m vf irr

45-60 s m>sg 10YR 7/3 1f Several thin Fe band Sand band Fe band Sand band

Sample Point 9 inches

Soil Texture

Soil Structure

Matrix

0-2 fls 1fsbk 10YR 3/2 3fm vf m irr 3-5 % slope

2-9/11 grsl 2fsbk 10YR 4/4 2fm vf f irr Lense of weakly Fe cemented fine sand over lense of sand

11-21/23 xgrls pl >2msbk 10YR 6/6 3fmc f m irr Lense of weakly Fe cemented fine sand over lense of sand

23-32/35 xgrs m>sg 7.5YR 5/4 3f2m vf irr

35-60 m>sg 7.5YR 4/4

10YR 6/3

Lense of weakly Fe

OSE. O1SS Page 34 sand but not throughout test pit

40+ fs m>sg 7.5YR 6/6 3f2m vf irr

Sample Point 10 inches

Soil Texture

Soil Structure

Matrix

0-5 fls 1fsbk 10YR 4/3 3fm vf m irr 3-5 % slope

5-14 grsl 2fsbk 10YR 5/4 2fm vf f irr

14-26 xgrls pl >2msbk 10YR 5/4 White fragments

7.5YR 5/4

3fmc f m irr Bands of E horizon fragments between bands of sands

26-32 xgrs m>sg 7.5YR 4/4 3f2m vf irr

32-47 m>sg 10YR6/3 Bands Fe fine sands over sands

47+ fs m>sg 10YR 6/3 3f2m vf irr

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Sample Point 11 inches

Soil Texture

Soil Structure

Matrix

0-3 fls pl>1fsbk 10YR 4/4 3fm vf m irr 3-5 % slope

3-12 grsl 2sbk 10YR 5/4 2fm vf f irr

12-21 xgrls pl >2msbk 7.5YR 5/4 3fmc f m irr

21-24 xgrs m 7.5YR 4/3 3f2m vf irr Intermittent Fe cemented fine sand

24-31 fs m>sg 10YR 5/4

7.5YR 5/4

1f1m irr Fe fine sand over band of 10YR 6/3 sand

31-43 fs m>sg 10YR 6/3 1f1m irr Fragments of E horizon in sands band

43-60 s m>sg 10YR 6/3

Sample Point 12 inches

Soil Texture

Soil Structure

Matrix

0-4 fls 1fsbk 10YR 4/3 3fm vf m irr 3-5 % slope

4-14 grsl 2fsbk 10YR 4/4 2fm vf f irr

14-26 xgrls pl >2msbk 10YR 5/4 2fmc f m irr >35% fragments of E horizon in matrix 10YR 5/4 loamy sand

26-33 xgrsl m>sg 10YR 5/4 1fm vf irr Fe cemented fine sand not contiguous throughout pit

33-53 m>sg 7.5YR 4/4

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53- 56 fs m>sg 10YR 7/3 1f vf irr Fe cemented fine sand

56-60 fs m>sg

Sample Point 13 lumped horizons inches

Soil Texture

Soil Structure

Matrix

0-8 fls pl> m 10YR 4/3 1fm vf m irr 3-5 % slope Bands of Fe sands over

10YR 6/3

sands

8-14 grsl m 10YR 6/4 1fm vf f irr

14-17 xgrls pl > 10YR 5/4 1fm f m irr

17-24 xgrs m 10YR 5/4

7.5YR 4/4

1fm vf irr Thin Fe cemented fine sand at 24 not continuous throughout test pit

24-30 30-32 ls m 10YR 6/3

32-38 fs m>sg 10YR 6/3

10YR 7/3

vf irr bands of sands

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Sample Point 14 (fill) inches

Soil Texture

Soil Structure

Matrix

0-5 fls 1fsbk 10YR 3/2 3fm vf m irr 3-5 % slope Part of the A horizon removed when pit dug

5-10/12 sl 2fsbk 10YR 3/3 2fm vf f irr

10/12-29 sl pl >2msbk 10YR 5/4 1fmc f m irr

29-38 sl sbk>m 10YR 5/4 1fm vf irr

38- sl sbk>m 10YR 3/3

7.5YR 4/3

1fm

40+ fs m>sg 10YR 4/2 1f vf irr

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Sample Point 15 inches

Soil Texture

Soil Structure

Matrix

0-10 sl 3sbk 10YR 4/4 3fm vf m irr 3-5 % slope

10-16 sl 2sbk 10YR 4/4 3fm vf f irr

16-24 grsl 2sbk 10YR 5/4 3fmc f m irr

24-25 xgrsl m>sg 10YR 4/4 2fmc vf irr

25-37 sl m>sg 7.5YR 4/4 2fm vf irr Fe fine sand band @ 24

37-38 38-48 sl m>sg 10YR 4/3 2fm vf irr Fe sand band @ 37 and 42

48-60 sl m 7.5YR 5/4 Fe sand band @ 53

7.5YR 4/4

Sample Point 16 inches

Soil Texture

Soil Structure

Matrix

0-3-10 sl sbk 10YR 3/3 3fm vf m irr 3-5 % slope

10-19 sl sbk 7.5YR 5/4 2fm vf f irr band 10YR 4/3

19-28 ls>sl sbk 10YR 4/3 3fmc f m irr

28-42 sl sbk 10YR 4/3 with 3/2

3f2m vf irr 10YR 3/2 band @ 32 and 41

42-40 sl m>sg 7.5YR 5/4 2fm vf irr

40+ ls m>sg 10YR 4/3 1fm vf irr

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Sample Point 17 inches

Soil Texture

Soil Structure

Matrix

0-8 sl sbk 10YR 4/3 3fm vf m irr 3-5 % slope

8-11 sl sbk 10YR 6/4 2fm vf f irr

11-27 xgrls sbk 10YR 5/4 3fmc f m irr

27-39 xgrs sbk 10YR 5/4 3f2m vf irr

39-40 sl m>sbk 7.5YR 4/4 2fm

40+ sl ls m>sbk 10YR 7/3 2fm vf irr

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AOI Sample Points 1-17, GIS coordinates and approximate elevation

Date Point Lat. Long. Approx. elevation

Auger Hole

9.10.23 AH1 44o34.380’N 124o03.563’W 158

9.10.23 AH2 44o34.433’N 124o03.573’W 143

9.10.23 AH3 44o34.371’N 124o03.580’W 139

9.10.23 AH4 44o34.507’N 124o03.600’W 143

Test Pit

9.11.23 1 44°34.406’N 124° 03.518'W 121

9.11.23 2 44° 34.434'N 124° 03.577'W 132

9.11.23 3 44° 34.433'N 124° 03.603'W 150

9.11.23 4 44° 34.552'N 124° 03.581'W 144

9.11.23 5 44° 34.453'N 124° 03.601'W 132

9.11.23 6 44° 34.476'N 124° 03.584'W 121

9.11.23 7 44° 34.473'N 124° 03.579'W 121

9.11.23 8 44° 34.523'N 124° 03.598'W 132

9.11.23 9 44° 34.352'N 124° 03.535'W 156

9.11.23 10 44° 34.559'N 124° 03.598'W 156

9.12.23 11 44° 34.565'N 124° 03.622'W 146

9.12.23 12 44° 34.534'N 124° 03.625'W 141

9.12.23 13 44° 34.538'N 124° 03.646'W 131

9.12.23 14 44° 34.503'N 124° 03.648'W 156

9.12.23 15 44° 34.486'N 124° 03.645'W 151

9.12.23 16 44° 34.472'N 124° 03.621'W 141

9.12.23 17 44° 34.474'N 124° 03.620'W 146

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Appendix 6. NRCS Soil Map for AOI

In the figure above three areas reviewed are mapped as Urban Land-Nelscott. The soils have a similar soil morphology. Area 3 is a sandy loam fill that was probably brought in to the AOI from off site.

Due the disturbance back in 1943 much of the original soil horizons have altered as evidenced by the E (albic horizon) being shattered into tiny fragments and scattered across the upper soils horizons in test pits 2-12. There are few test pits that exhibit iron cementation down at the bottom of the test pits which are mostly likely part of the old soil profile prior to disturbance.

1 2

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Appendix 7. Soil Survey Principles, Methods, Practices Used The USDA provides the principles and practices for conducting soil surveys. Soil survey is the process of interpreting landscapes 3 dimensional bodies of soil by describing mapping and classifying soils. The USDA’s March 2017 Soil Survey Manual (2) gives guidance on the principles methodologies, terminologies and practices for making and interpreting soils surveys. The National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) performs soils surveys across the United States. Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils (3) was followed when conducting this order I soil survey. Order 3 soil surveys are generated by aerial comparison, transaction descriptions and are general land classification and planning tool. Order 1 soil surveys are more refined and can be used for specific land use and farm management decisions.

Soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area; they compared the individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements.

Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting or similar to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans using an Order 3 soil survey.

If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation of Area of Interest (AOI) is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil survey map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations.

Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components.

Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across AOI landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components.

The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from

OSE. O1SS Page 43 combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they draw the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and Custom Soil Resource Report identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately (1,2,3). In conclusion as a certified professional soil scientist I have the authority to investigate, interpret and revise the soil survey area of interest. Findings in this report better refine soil map units based on anthropogenic activities, soil properties, landform and climate.

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Appendix 8. Onsite System treatment The NRCS classified the soils for proposed Newport airport property as limited and unsuitable soils for septic systems. OSE found areas on the Newport airport property that are suitable for onsite approval system, such as a standard system, cap and fill pressure distribution or more advanced treatment systems (bottomless sand filter, sand filter, gravel recirculation filter, alternative treatment technologies).

Most onsite systems have several components. Typically an onsite system has a conveyance system to channel wastes from toilets, sinks, showers, washer etc., to a tank. The tank can have single or multiple chambers with or without basket filters and pumps. The primary purpose of the tank is to separate out the solids, fats and oils. Most of the tank’s contents are what we eat. Humans are not very efficient at removing nutrients in the food. Wastewater systems operations are based on flows and nutrient loadings. It’s important that the design parameters for the wastewater system are not exceeded for the treatment’s system longevity . Finally properly designed and installed domestic septic systems in suitable soils are efficient and natural treatment systems.

Human wastewater from toilet, showers and hand washing sinks is called influent that flows into septic tank(s), which is a form of primary treatment that provides flocculation and settling of solids.

Primary treatment is provided by a septic tank that accepts raw sewage that slows the influent flow so solids can drop to the bottom of the tank, allow bacteria form floc and allows scum to rise in the tank (grease and oils coagulate and float on top of water). Onsite system design is based on waste strength. For example a residence onsite influent (raw septage discharged into the septic tank) system design not exceed five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) of 300 mg/L; total suspended solids (TSS) of 150 mg/L; total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) 150 mg/L; grease and oil of 25 mg/L. Onsite systems also have two treatment standards. Treatment Standard: 1 30-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) of 20 mg/L; total suspended solids (TSS) of 20 mg/L; 30-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD5) of 17 mg/L.

Treatment Standard: 2 30-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) less than 20 mg/L; total suspended solids (TSS) of 20 mg/L; 30-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD5) of 17 mg/L. Fecal coliform has a 30-day geometric mean less than 400 organisms per 100 millimeters and a 30-day average of 30 mg/L total nitrogen (TN).