B08_Section_J_Attachment_02_KNRI257081_Specifications_Div31_32.pdf

KNIFE RIVER ELBEE BEND BANK STABILIZATION

KNRI 257081

DIVISION 31: EARTHWORK

KNRI 257081 31 11 00 - 1

CLEARING AND GRUBBING

Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site – PMIS 257081

SECTION 31 11 00 – CLEARING AND GRUBBING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SECTION INCLUDES

A. This section consists of clearing, grubbing, removing, and disposing of vegetation and debris within the limits of the Project site as shown on the Drawings. Vegetation and objects designated to remain shall be preserved free from injury or defacement as shown on the Drawings.

B. This Section includes the following:

1. Protecting existing vegetation to remain.

2. Removing existing vegetation

3. Clearing and grubbing.

4. Stripping and stockpiling topsoil material

5. Temporary erosion and sedimentation control.

C. The following is a list of Sections which may be related to this section:

1. Section 01 57 23 – Temporary Storm Water Pollution Prevention

2. Section 31 14 13 - Topsoil Stripping and Stockpiling

3. Section 31 23 00 - Earthwork (Excavation and Fill)

4. Section 31 25 00 – Erosion and Sedimentation Controls

5. Section 31 37 00 - Riprap and Bedding

1.2 DEFINITIONS

A. Subsoil: Soil beneath the level of subgrade; soil beneath the topsoil layers of a naturally occurring soil profile, typified by less than 1 percent organic matter and few soil organisms.

B. Surface Soil: Soil that is present at the top layer of the existing soil profile. In undisturbed areas, surface soil is typically called "topsoil," but in disturbed areas such as urban environments, the surface soil can be subsoil.

C. Topsoil: Top layer of the soil profile consisting of existing native surface topsoil or existing in-place surface soil; the zone where plant roots grow.

D. Tree-Protection Zone: Area surrounding individual trees or groups of trees to be protected during construction.

E. Vegetation: Trees, shrubs, groundcovers, grass, and other plants.

F. Wetland Vegetation: Groundcovers, grass, sod and other plants within wetland delineation areas.

KNRI 257081 31 11 00 - 2

G. Unauthorized excavation: Consists of removing materials beyond indicated subgrade elevations or dimensions without direction by the Contracting Officer.

1.3 FIELD CONDITIONS

A. Soil Stripping, Handling, and Stockpiling: Preform only when the soil is dry or slightly moist.

B. Utility Locator Service: Contractor shall arrange for all utility locates prior to beginning site clearing operations.

C. Do not commence site clearing operations until temporary erosion and sedimentation controls, as specified in Section 01 57 23 – Temporary Storm Water Pollution Prevention and Section 31 25 00 –

Erosion and Sedimentation Control are in place.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS (NOT USED)

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Protect and maintain benchmarks and survey control points from disturbance during construction.

B. Protect existing site improvements to remain from damage during construction.

1. Restore damaged improvements to their original condition, as acceptable to the Contracting

Officer.

C. The Drawings designate trees, shrubs, plants, and other objects to remain. Any object that is designated to remain and is damaged shall be repaired or replaced as directed by Contracting

Officer, at Contractor’s expense.

D. No material or debris shall be disposed of within the Project limits.

3.2 TREE AND PLANT PROTECTION

A. Contractor shall take care to safeguard trees and shrubs to remain in place in the final condition. Tree protection fencing shall be completed in accordance with the Drawings.

B. Contractor shall repair or replace trees, shrubs, and other vegetation indicated to remain or be relocated that are damaged by construction operations.

3.3 EXISTING UTILITIES

A. Interrupting Existing Utilities: Do not interrupt utilities serving facilities occupied by NPS or others.

3.4 CLEARING AND GRUBBING

A. Grubbing/removal of roots is not allowed unless approved in writing by the Contracting Officer.

KNRI 257081 31 11 00 - 3

B. Remove obstructions, shrubs, and other vegetation from the Site to permit installation of new construction.

C. Undisturbed stumps, roots, and nonperishable solid objects located two (2) feet or more below subgrade or embankment slope may remain in place.

D. Except in areas to be excavated, all holes resulting from the removal of obstructions shall be back-filled with suitable material and compacted in accordance with Section 31 23 00, Earthwork (Exca-vation and Fill).

E. Trees cut before start of project as shown on Drawings (11103, 12738, 20772, and 21652) shall become the property of the Contractor and shall be removed from the site.

F. Earthwork operations may include unforeseen stumps and large roots that will require removal concurrently with excavation at no additional cost to the Owner.

G. Fill depressions caused by clearing operations with satisfactory soil material unless further excavation or earthwork is indicated.

3.5 TOPSOIL AND WETLAND TOPSOIL STRIPPING

A. Topsoil and wetland topsoil stripping shall be done in accordance with Section 31 14 13 – Topsoil

Stripping and Stockpiling and as shown on the Drawings.

3.6 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND WASTE MATERIALS

A. Disposal of cleared materials - Subject to approval of the Contracting Officer, material from clearing operations shall be disposed of by removal from the worksite.

B. Disposal of Material by Removal

1. Remove surplus soil material, unsuitable topsoil, obstructions, demolished materials, and waste materials including trash and debris, and legally dispose of them off Government’s property.

2. Burning trees, shrubs, other vegetation waste, other waste, and debris is not permitted.

3. Material disposed of by removal from the construction area shall be removed from the areas prior to the completion of the work under these specifications. All materials removed shall become the property of the Contractor.

4. Materials to be disposed of by dumping shall be hauled to an approved dump. It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to make any necessary arrangements with private parties and with local officials pertinent to locations and regulations of such dumping.

5. In hauling any material from the site, it shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to prevent debris from dropping from vehicles and littering the site or area streets and roads. The

Contractor shall promptly remove any debris which falls from vehicles.

KNRI 257081 31 11 00 - 4

6. Surplus in soil material generated through striping of riverbank shall be stockpiled and then disposed in the riverbank in compliance with Drawings.

END OF SECTION 31 11 00

KNRI 257081 31 14 13 - 1

TOPSOIL STRIPPING AND STOCKPILING

SECTION 31 14 13 – TOPSOIL STRIPPING AND STOCKPILING

PART 1 - PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This work consists of salvaging and stockpiling topsoil and wetland topsoil and excavating suitable topsoil or wetland topsoil from stockpiles, Contractor sources, available sources, or from the approved natural ground cover to place on designated areas.

B. Topsoil shall be stripped and stockpiled as shown on the Drawings.

1.2 RELATED SECTIONS

A. The following is a list of SPECIFICATIONS which may be related to this section:

1. Section 31 11 00 - Clearing and Grubbing

2. Section 31 23 00 - Earthwork (Excavation and Fill)

3. Section 31 25 00 - Erosion and Sedimentation Control

4. Section 32 91 13 - Topsoil and Wetland Topsoil

PART 2 - PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

A. Topsoil shall meet the requirements of Section 32 19 13 - Topsoil and Wetland Topsoil. Topsoil and Wetland Topsoil shall consist of natural onsite ground cover or hauled material from offsite sources.

B. Erosion and Sedimentation Control for Stockpiles shall meet the requirements of Section 31 25 00

- Erosion and Sedimentation Control.

C. Wetland topsoil material shall consist of moist organic soil, including any existing wetland vegetation and seeds. Material shall be excavated from areas as shown on the Drawings, hauled material from offsite sources, or as directed by Contracting Officer. All wetland topsoil materials shall meet the requirements of Section 32 19 13 - Topsoil and Wetland Topsoil.

PART 3 - PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 TOPSOIL

A. Remove sod and grass before stripping topsoil.

B. Maintain separation of upland and wetland topsoil stockpiles.

C. Topsoil within the limits of the Project shall be salvaged prior to beginning excavating, fill or hauling, operations by excavating topsoil and stockpiling the material at designated locations on

Drawings or as designated by Contracting Officer in a manner that will facilitate measurement, minimize sediment damage, and not obstruct natural drainage.

D. Imported topsoil shall be hauled to the site and stockpiled in locations designated by Contracting

Officer.

E. Salvaged topsoil exceeding the quantity required to complete the project in accordance with the

Drawings shall be disposed of at Contractor’s expense.

F. Salvaged topsoil exceeding the quantity required to complete the project in accordance with the

KNRI 257081 31 14 13 - 2

TOPSOIL STRIPPING AND STOCKPILING

Drawings shall be disposed of at Contractor’s expense.

G. Store stripped topsoil onsite to re-spread in green areas to meet final conditions. Care shall be taken during stockpiling of topsoil to not contaminate it with other materials.

3.2 STOCKPILE

A. No soil stockpile shall exceed ten (10) feet in height.

B. All topsoil stockpiles shall be protected from sediment transport by surface roughening, watering, and perimeter silt fencing.

C. Any topsoil stockpile remaining longer than 30 days shall be seeded with a sterile temporary cover or the approved specified final seed mixture.

D. Upon completion of Project or as approved by Contracting Officer, remove surplus subsoil and topsoil from site. Grade stockpile area as necessary for planting or seeding.

3.3 WETLAND TOPSOIL

A. Removed sod and grass before stripping topsoil.

B. Maintain separation of upland and wetland topsoil stockpiles.

C. Wetland topsoil material shall be excavated from areas designated on the Drawings or as approved by Contracting Officer to a minimum depth of six (6) inches, or as otherwise designated, and placed within twenty-four (24) hours in the wetland relocation site.

D. Contractor shall prepare the wetland relocation site to elevations specified in the Drawings or as approved by Contracting Officer prior to excavating the wetlands topsoil. If Contracting Officer determines that this is not possible, then Contractor shall stockpile wetland topsoil material in an approved area, to remain undisturbed until the relocation site has been prepared.

E. All wetland topsoil stockpiles shall be protected from sediment transport by surface roughening, watering, and perimeter silt fencing.

F. Storage time within the stockpile shall be as short as possible.

G. If deemed necessary by Contracting Officer, the stockpile shall be protected in such a manner to preserve the wetland seed bank.

H. Wetland topsoil material shall be placed over the prepared relocation areas to a depth of six (6) inches, or as otherwise designated.

I. Store stripped wetland topsoil onsite (separately from topsoil) to re-spread in wetland area shown on plans to meet final conditions. Care shall be taken during stockpiling of wetland topsoil to not contaminate it with other materials.

END OF SECTION 31 14 13

KNRI 257081 31 22 16.15- 1

TEMPORARY ACCESS ROADS

SECTION 31 22 16.15 – TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT ACCESS ROADS AND TEMPORARY RIVER CROSSING

A. A temporary access road is a road that is designed and built along a temporary alignment, solely for use during construction. Temporary roads focus the ground disturbance of equipment and vehicles along a certain path, so that erosion and sediment movement can be planned and mitigated for in accordance with all applicable permits.

B. Section includes specifications related to constructing, maintaining, and removal of temporary access roads and river crossing, and construction of permanent access road.

1.2 RELATED SECTIONS

A. The following is a list of Sections which may be related to this section:

1. Section 31 14 13 - Topsoil Stripping and Stockpiling

2. Section 31 23 00 - Earthwork (Excavation and Fill)

3. Section 31 37 00 - Riprap and Bedding

4. Section 32 15 00 - Aggregate Surfacing

5. Section 32 91 13 - Topsoil and Wetland Topsoil

6. Section 32 92 19 - Seeding

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. Temporary Access Road (Temporary Access Road 1 as shown on the Drawings) originates from CR 37 extending to river crossing and continuing on east side of river conveying traffic to Staging Area 1.

Temporary Access Road to be installed and removed according to plans and direction laid out in this specification.

B. Permanent Access Road (Access Road 2 as shown on the Drawings) originates from CR 37 extending to Staging Area 2. Temporary Access Road to be installed overtop of existing gravel road and maintained for use upon completion of construction. This is the contractor’s employee designated gravel parking area.

C. Temporary River Crossing (as shown on the Drawings) is a temporary crossing of Temporary Access

Road 1 at the upstream portion of the project connecting the right and left bank to allow for construction traffic. Upon completion of construction the Temporary River Crossing will be removed and fully reclaimed.

1.4 REFERENCES

A. The following is a list of Specifications which may be related to this section.

1. American Association of Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

2. ASTM International (ASTM)

3. North Dakota Department of Transportation (NDDOT) “Standard Specification for Road and

Bridge Construction” 2024 Edition, As Revised.

KNRI 257081 31 22 16.15- 2

1.5 SUBMITTALS

A. Submittals shall be in conformance with Contracting Requirements, Specifications, and Division 1 -

General Requirements.

B. Contractor shall submit certified laboratory test certificates and manufacturer product data for all items required in this section.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 GRAVEL SURFACING MATERIAL

A. Aggregate shall meet the requirements outlined below:

1. Conform to NDDOT Specification Section 816.03, Class 5 Aggregate Base, as defined in Section

31 37 00 Riprap and Bedding.

2.2 RIPRAP

1. Riprap shall meet the requirements outlined below:

a. Conform to NDDOT Specification Section 256.03, Grade II Riprap, as defined in

Section 31 37 00 Riprap and Bedding.

2.3 DRAINAGE PIPE

1. Drainage pipes for Temporary Access Road 1 and the Temporary River Crossing shall be corrugated metal pipes (CMP) as shown on the Drawings.

2. CMP shall be metallic coated corrugated steel pipe conforming to NDDOT Specification

Section 830.02, Metal Pipe and AASHTO M 36.

2.4 FILTER FABRIC

1. Filter Fabric shall consist of strong, rot-proof synthetic fibers formed into a woven fabric or a non-woven needle-punched fabric meeting all applicable requirements of this section. The fabric shall be free from any treatment or coating that might significantly alter its physical properties before or after installation.

2. The fabric fibers shall contain stabilizers and/or inhibitors to make the filaments resistant to deterioration resulting from ultraviolet or heat exposure. The fabric shall be a pervious sheet of synthetic fibers oriented into a stable network so that the fibers retain their relative position with respect to each other.

3. The fabric shall be free of defects or flaws which significantly affect its physical and/or filtering properties. Sheets of fabric may be bonded together or sewn with a fungus resistant material.

Do not use nylon thread for sewn seams.

4. No deviation from any physical requirements will be permitted due to the protective covering to protect the fabric from direct sunlight, mud, dust, dirt, and debris.

5. The fabric shall not be exposed to temperatures greater than 140°F.

6. The fabric shall have a grab tensile strength of 200 lbs, elongation of 15% min, trapezoidal tear strength of 90 lbs, puncture strength of 80 lbs, and an apparent opening size of a #60 sieve.

KNRI 257081 31 22 16.15- 3

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. The CONTRACTOR shall stake the limits of grading for the Temporary Access Road 1 for Contracting

Officer’s approval before commencing grading of subgrade.

3.2 PREPARATION OF SUBGRADE (Temporary Access Road 1 Only)

A. Topsoil stripping shall be completed as specified in Section 31 14 13, Topsoil and Wetland Topsoil

Stripping and Stockpiling.

B. Construct temporary access road subgrade at the locations and as shown on Drawings.

C. Before installation of aggregate base course on the Temporary Access Road 1, the subgrade shall be approved by the Contracting Officer.

3.3 TEMPORARY DRAINAGE PIPE (Temporary Access Road 1 and Temporary River Crossing, Only)

A. Furnish pipe required for temporary drainage in accordance with the details shown on the Drawings or as directed. Pipe will become the property of the Contractor upon removal. Temporary use of permanent pipe for use on the project is allowed if the sequence of work permits. If pipe used temporarily is damaged so that it is not acceptable in accordance with the applicable Items, it will not be acceptable for incorporation in the final project. The damaged pipe remains the property of the Contractor.

3.4 SPREADING AND COMPACTING

A. Aggregate should be placed from the furthest point working back towards the source to avoid running equipment on the final surface.

B. Use aggregate that is uniformly mixed at optimum moisture content and spread and compact to the final thickness and width.

C. Compaction shall be completed by one of the following methods:

1. A roller with a minimum of weight of 5 tons shall be used. No vibratory on the drum shall be allowed.

2. A minimum of 4 passes shall be made for compaction.

3. Proof roll with fully loaded aggregate transport vehicle for acceptance.

D. Placement of additional aggregate to maintain the temporary access roads in a safe and passable condition during the duration of the Project shall be completed at no additional cost.

3.5 DESIGN PARAMETERS

A. Locate temporary roads to minimize erosion impacts. Design temporary roads to access sensitive areas at specific locations.

B. At sites where traffic volumes are high, ensure that the entrance and roadway is wide enough for two vehicles to pass safely. Provide adequate turning radius at all entrances.

C. Where appropriate, use geotextiles prior to placement of aggregate. Place aggregate at sufficient depth to support heavy equipment and protect existing and proposed pipe culverts from crushing.

D. Route runoff from the road to a stabilized area (i.e., vegetated area, sediment basin or rip rap lined ditch).

E. Contractor shall grade the Temporary Access Road with appropriate grades that facilitate haul traffic of construction vehicles.

KNRI 257081 31 22 16.15- 4

3.6 CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES

A. Adequately slope temporary roads for good drainage, and install all other structures such as water bars, culverts, and rolling dips, according to Drawings and specifications.

B. Do not use road sloping on grades steeper than 5 percent unless other structures are also used. If road is steeper than 5 percent, use gravel surfacing to minimize erosion, and slope the road to the side that has a ditch.

C. Make field adjustments, as necessary, to ensure proper performance.

3.7 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION

A. Conduct inspections as required by the permit or contract specifications.

B. Make adjustments based on inspections and have accumulated sediment and other debris removed and disposed of properly.

C. At the end of construction, re-contour to original slope and return to natural conditions using permanent erosion and sediment control best management practices. Remove or stabilize trapped sediment and permanently stabilize disturbed areas.

3.8 REMOVAL

A. Remove Temporary Access Road 1, including the Temporary River Crossing, after it is no longer needed to blend in with existing terrain (within the limits of disturbance shown on plans). Removed materials will become the property of the Contractor unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or directed. Removal activities pertain only to Temporary Access Road 1 and temporary river crossing, as shown on the Drawings. Access Road 2 shall remain as a permanent access road following construction.

B. Removal of aggregate shall not exceed the subgrade preparation depth.

C. Before installation of topsoil along the Temporary Access Road 1, the subgrade shall be approved by the Contracting Officer.

D. Seeding shall be completed as specified in Section 32 92 19.

END OF SECTION 31 22 16.15

KNRI 257081 31 23 00 - 1

EARTHWORK (EXCAVATION AND FILL)

SECTION 31 23 00 – EARTHWORK (EXCAVATION AND FILL)

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This work shall consist of excavation, embankment fill, disposal of excess material, shaping, and compaction of all material encountered within the limits of work, including excavation and fill for structures. The excavation shall include, but is not limited to, the native soils which shall be excavated for the Project work. All work shall be completed in accordance with these Specifications, the lines and grades, and typical cross-sections shown on the Drawings.

B. All excavation shall be classified as, “unclassified excavation,” or “muck excavation” or “rock excavation,” as hereafter described. All embankment shall be classified “embankment material” as hereafter described. All excess material not utilized in the embankment shall be classified as “excess material” as hereafter described.

C. All excess material not utilized in the embankment shall remain the property of the NPS. The

Contractor shall stockpile all excess material at an on-site staging location as shown on the Drawings.

An off-site stockpile location may be approved as an alternative by the Contracting Officer.

D. Preparing subgrades for aggregate surfacing.

1.2 RELATED SECTIONS

A. The following is a list of Specifications which may be related to this section:

1. Section 31 11 00 – Clearing and Grubbing

2. Section 31 37 00 – Riprap and Bedding

3. Section 31 22 16.15 – Temporary and Permanent Access Roads and Temporary River Cross-ing

4. Section 32 15 00 – Aggregate Surfacing

5. Section 32 92 19 – Seeding

1.3 REFERENCES

A. The following list of Specifications which may be related to this section.

1. ASTM International (ASTM)

a. ASTM D 2487, Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes

(Unified Soil Classification System)

b. ASTM E 329, Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or

Inspection of Materials Used in Construction

KNRI 257081 31 23 00 - 2

c. ASTM D 3740, Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in

Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and

Construction

d. ASTM E 548, Standard Guide for General Criteria Used for Evaluating Laboratory

Competence

e. ASTM D 2940, Standard Specification for Graded Aggregate Material for Bases or

Subbases for Highways or Airports

f. ASTM D 1556, Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the

Sand-Cone Method

g. ASTM D 2167, Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the

Rubber Balloon Method

h. ASTM D 2937, Standard Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Drive-Cylinder

Method.

i. D698, Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using

Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)).

j. D4253, Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils

Using a Vibratory Table.

1.4 DEFINITIONS

A. Embankment Material shall consist of approved material acquired from excavation or from outside sources, hauled and placed in embankments.

B. Excess Material shall consist of excavated material that is not used as embankment material and is stockpiled on-site at the direction of the Contracting Officer.

C. Muck Excavation shall consist of the removal of mixtures of soils and organic matter not suitable for foundation material and replacement with approved material.

D. Rock Excavation shall consist of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rock which cannot be excavated without the use of rippers, and all boulders or other detached stones each having a volume of one-half (1/2) cubic yard or more, as determined by physical or visual measurement. It shall also include replacement with approved material as required.

E. Unclassified Excavation shall consist of the excavation of all materials of whatever character required of the work, obtained within the Project limits.

F. Trench Bedding Course: Layer placed over the excavated subgrade in a trench before laying pipe.

G. Culvert Backfill: Aggregate used to backfill between the Trench Bedding Course and the Subgrade.

H. Borrow: Satisfactory soil imported from off-site for use as Fill or backfill.

I. Excavation: Removal of material encountered above subgrade elevations.

J. Fill: Unclassified materials used to raise existing grades.

K. Structures: Bridges, footings, foundations, retaining walls, slabs, or other man-made stationary features constructed above or below the ground surface.

KNRI 257081 31 23 00 - 3

L. Subgrade: Surface or elevation remaining after completing excavation, or top surface of a fill or backfill immediately below subbase, drainage fill, or topsoil materials.

M. Topsoil: See Section 32 92 19 – Seeding for definition and specification.

N. Debris: “anything that is not earth which exists at the job site.”

1.5 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For the following:

1. Aggregate Materials

a. Material Test Reports: From a qualified testing agency, engaged by the Contractor, indicating and interpreting test results for compliance of the following with requirements indicated:

b. Classification according to ASTM D 2487 of each on-site or borrow soil material proposed for fill and backfill.

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Geotechnical Testing Agency Qualifications: Contractor shall engage an independent testing agency qualified according to ASTM E 329 to conduct soil materials and rock-definition testing, as documented according to ASTM D 3740 and ASTM E 548.

B. Contractor shall survey final topography and/or cross-sections of areas that are to finished grade and compared to the design section for accuracy. Any deficiencies or deviations between the final topography and design shall be addressed by the Contractor. Final survey information shall be included and submitted with the as-built survey.

C. Final grade shall match design grades within the tolerances discussed in Part 3 Execution.

D. Any material imported from outside the Park shall be tested to be free of any contaminants above

North Dakota threshold limits and free of any non-native plant species.

1.7 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Existing Utilities: Do not interrupt utilities serving facilities occupied by Government or others unless permitted in writing by Contracting Officer and then only after arranging to provide temporary utility services according to requirements indicated:

B. Do not proceed with utility interruptions without Contracting Officer's written permission.

C. Contact utility-locator service for area where Project is located before excavating.

KNRI 257081 31 23 00 - 4

D. Final disposal location of Exported Materials shall be the responsibility of the contractor.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

A. General: Provide borrow soil materials when sufficient satisfactory soil materials are not available from excavations.

B. Satisfactory Soils for Embankment shall comply with the Drawings. Satisfactory soils shall be free of rock or gravel larger than 3 inches in any dimension, debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation, and other deleterious matter.

C. Embankment Material may consist of approved material acquired from excavations or material hauled from outside the Project limits.

D. Suitable material identified onsite shall be used first for embankments and backfill.

E. Excess excavated native soils which are not used as embankment or backfill shall remain the property of the NPS and shall be stockpiled on-site by Contractor, in a location acceptable to Contracting

Officer.

F. Muck Excavation shall also include the replacement of excavated muck with uniformly graded rock, riprap, onsite or imported soils, or other material, whichever is most suitable for the specific situation encountered.

1. Contracting Officer will determine which type of aggregate or other material which shall be used after observing the specific site conditions.

G. Structural Backfill:

1. When specified on the Drawings or as required by Contracting Officer, structural backfill shall meet the gradations outlined in Section Riprap and Bedding (31 37 00).

2. When specified on the Drawings or as required by Contracting Officer, Class I structural backfill shall meet the following gradation requirements:

Sieve Size % By Weight Passing

Square Mesh Sieves

2-inch 100

No. 4 30-100

No. 50 10-60

No. 200 5-20

KNRI 257081 31 23 00 - 5

3. In addition, this material shall have a liquid limit not exceeding thirty-five (35) and a plasticity index of not over six (6).

H. Impervious structural backfill, where shown or specified, shall consist of material having one hundred percent (100%) finer than two (2) inches in diameter and a minimum of thirty-five percent (35%) passing a No. 200 U.S. Standard Sieve.

I. Trench Bedding Course: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940; except with 100 percent passing a 1-inch sieve and not more than 8 percent passing a No. 200 sieve. All crushed stone provided shall be sandstone or other approved by the Contracting Officer. No Limestone shall be allowed.

J. Trench Backfill: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940; with at least 90 percent passing a 1-1/2-inch sieve and not more than 12 percent passing a No. 200 sieve. All crushed stone provided shall be sandstone or other approved by the Contracting Officer. No Limestone shall be allowed.

K. Free Draining Base: AASHTO #57 Stone. All crushed stone provided shall be sandstone or other approved by the Contracting Officer. No Limestone shall be allowed.

2.2 ACCESSORIES

A. Warning Tape: Acid- and alkali-resistant, polyethylene film warning tape manufactured for marking and identifying underground utilities, 6 inches wide and 4 mils thick, continuously inscribed with a description of the utility.

B. Detectable Warning Tape: Provided detectable warning tape for underground utilities that would otherwise not be detectable by above ground utility locating methods. Detectable warning tape shall include metallic core encased in a protective jacket for corrosion protection and be detectable by a metal detector when tape is buried up to 30 inches deep.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Protect structures, utilities, signs, benches marked to remain, trees that will remain and other facilities from damage caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by earthwork operations.

B. Provide erosion-control measures outlined within Section 31 25 00 - Erosion and Sedimentation

Controls to prevent erosion or displacement of soils and discharge of soil-bearing water runoff or airborne dust to adjacent properties and walkways.

C. Protect plant life, lawns, trees, shrubs, and other features not authorized for removal.

D. Protect subgrades and foundation soils from freezing temperatures and frost.

KNRI 257081 31 23 00 - 6

E. Comply with all provisions and all other applicable regulations as they pertain to the protection of workers from the hazard of caving ground in excavations.

F. Prevent surface water and ground water from entering excavations and from flooding Project site and surrounding area. Protect excavations from softening and damage by rain or water accumulation.

G. Reroute surface water runoff away from excavated areas. Do not allow water to accumulate in excavations.

3.2 GENERAL EXCAVATION/EMBANKMENT

A. General:

1. Provide protection for all open excavations, backfill trenches on same day in which excavation occurs to avoid leaving excavations open overnight.

2. The excavation and embankment shall be finished to reasonably smooth and uniform surfaces.

3. Materials shall not be wasted without permission of Contracting Officer.

4. Excavation operations shall be conducted so that material outside of the limits of slopes will not be disturbed.

5. Prior to beginning grading operations in any area, all necessary clearing and grubbing in that area shall have been performed in accordance with Section 31 11 00 - Clearing and Grubbing.

6. Contractor shall notify Contracting Officer in sufficient time before beginning excavation or em-bankment such that the necessary topography and/or cross-sections may be taken. Contractor shall not excavate beyond the dimensions and elevations established, and material shall not be removed prior to surveying the site.

7. Employ equipment and methods appropriate to the work site. Small mechanical excavators may be used in areas where there is sufficient space so as not to damage adjacent improve-ments, and where the locations of all existing utilities have been determined.

8. When Contractor’s excavating operations encounter remains of prehistoric people’s dwelling sites or artifacts of historical or archaeological significance, the operations shall be temporarily discontinued.

a. Contracting Officer will contact archaeological authorities to determine the disposition thereof.

b. When directed, Contractor shall excavate the site in such a manner as to preserve the artifacts encountered and shall remove them for delivery to the custody of the proper state authorities.

c. Such excavation will be considered and paid for as extra work.

B. Excavation:

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1. Unclassified:

a. All excess suitable material excavated from the Project site and not used for embankment shall be stockpiled on-site at a location approved by the Contracting

Officer.

b. Where material encountered within the limits of the work is considered unsuitable for embankment (fills) on any portion of this Project, such material shall be excavated as directed by Contracting Officer and replaced with suitable fill material.

c. All unsuitable excavated material from excavation consisting of any type of debris

(surface or buried), excavated rock, bedrock or rocks larger than six (6) inches in diameter, and boulders shall not be used as Compacted Fill for embankment construction.

2. Muck:

a. Where excavation to the finished grade section results in a subgrade or slopes of unsuitable soil, Contracting Officer may require Contractor to remove the unsuitable materials and backfill to the finished graded section with approved material.

b. Disposal of the unsuitable material and replacement with suitable material shall be at

Contractor’s expense.

3. Good surface drainage shall be provided around all permanent cuts to direct surface runoff away from the cut face.

4. Rock:

a. Unless otherwise specified, rock shall be excavated to a minimum depth of 0.5 foot below subgrade within the limits of the riverbed area, and the excavation shall be backfilled with material shown on the Drawings or as designated by Contracting

Officer.

b. Disposal of material and replacement with suitable approved material shall be at

Contractor’s expense.

C. Embankment Construction:

1. Embankment construction shall consist of constructing all fill areas, including preparation of the areas upon which they are to be placed, the placing and compacting of approved material within areas where unsuitable materials have been removed, and the placing and compacting of Embankment Material in holes, pits and other depressions within the Project area.

2. Only approved materials shall be used in the construction of embankments and backfills.

3. Approved materials shall consist of onsite soils or approved imported soils in compliance with

Drawings and Specifications.

4. Onsite soils or imported soils shall be placed and compacted in six-inch (6”) horizontal loose lifts, using equipment and procedures that produce recommended moisture contents and densities throughout the lift and embankment height. Onsite or imported cohesive soils shall be compacted within a moisture content range of two percent (2%) below, to two percent

(2%) above optimum moisture content and compacted to ninety-five percent (95%) of the

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Maximum Standard Proctor Density (ASTM D698).

5. When embankment is to be placed and compacted on hillsides, or when new embankment is to be compacted against existing embankments, or when embankment is built one-half (1/2) width at a time, the slopes that are steeper than four-to-one (4:1) when measured longitudi-nally or at right angles to the adjacent ground shall be continuously benched over those areas where it is required as the work is brought up in layers.

a. Benching shall be well “keyed” and where practical a minimum of eight (8) feet. Each horizontal cut shall begin at the intersection of the original ground and the vertical sides of the previous cuts.

b. Material thus cut out shall be recompacted along with the new Embankment Material at Contractor’s expense.

6. The ground surface underlying all fills shall be carefully prepared by removing all organic matter, scarification to a depth of eight (8) inches and recompacting to ninety-five percent (95%) of the

Maximum Standard Proctor Density (ASTM D698) at optimum moisture content + or - two per-cent (2%) prior to fill placement.

7. Embankment Fill Material shall be placed in horizontal layers not exceeding six inches (6”) (loose measurement) and shall be compacted to ninety five percent (95%) of the Maximum Standard

Proctor Density (ASTM D698) at optimum moisture content + or - two percent (2%).

a. Effective spreading equipment shall be used on each lift to obtain uniform thickness prior to compacting.

b. As the compaction of each layer progresses, continuous leveling and manipulating required to ensure uniform density.

8. Excess material stockpile (shown on Drawings): Place and compact fill to the lines and grades shown on the Drawings. Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or specified, place fill mate-rials in stockpile in layers not more than 24 inches in loose depth for material compacted by heavy equipment (5 tons or greater operating weight), and not more than 6 inches in loose depth for material compacted by light compaction equipment (less than 5 tons operating weight) hand – operated tampers or walk-behind compactors. Compacting shall be completed parallel to the contours, not perpendicular.

9. Materials which are removed from excavations beneath the water table may be over the op-timum moisture content and shall be required to be dried out prior to reusing them.

10. Cross hauling or other action as appropriate will be ordered when necessary to ensure that the best available material is placed in critical areas of embankments. No additional payment will be made for cross hauling ordered by Contracting Officer.

11. Frozen materials shall not be used in construction of embankments.

12. During the construction of the channels, the channel bottom shall be maintained in such con-dition that it will be well drained at all times.

13. Excavation, fill, and structural backfill work that is eroded or washed away or becomes unsta-ble as a result of either rains, snow, snow melt, channel flows, or lack of proper water control

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shall be either removed and replaced, recompacted, or reshaped as directed by Contracting

Officer and in accordance with the Drawings and Specifications at Contractor’s sole expense.

14. Removed unsuitable materials shall be hauled away and disposed of at Contractor’s expense.

Placing of replacement materials for removed unsuitable materials shall be purchased, placed, and compacted at Contractor’s expense.

D. Proof Rolling:

1. Proof rolling with a heavy rubber-tired roller shall be required, if designated on the Drawings or when ordered by Contracting Officer.

2. Proof rolling shall be done after specified compaction has been obtained. Areas found to be weak and those areas which failed shall be ripped, scarified, wetted if necessary, and recom-pacted to the requirements for density and moisture at Contractor’s expense.

3. Proof rolling shall be done with equipment and in a manner acceptable to Contracting Officer.

Proof rolling as shown on the Drawings or as ordered by Contracting Officer shall not be measured and paid for separately, but shall be considered incidental to the work and in-cluded in the bid price.

3.3 EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL FOR STRUCTURES

A. Poor foundation material for any of the work shall be removed, by Contractor, as directed by

Contracting Officer.

B. Contractor will be compensated for removal and replacement of such materials in accordance with

Muck Excavation.

C. Contractor is cautioned that construction equipment may cause the natural soils to pump or deform while performing excavation work inside and on footings, structural floor slabs, or other structure foundation areas.

D. Contractor shall remove and replace at Contractor’s expense any foundation materials which are:

1. Saturated by either surface or subsurface flows because of the lack of adequate water con-trol or dewatering work by Contractor;

2. Frozen for any reason; or

3. Disturbed by Contractor’s work or caused to become unacceptable for foundation material purposes by means of Contractor’s equipment, manpower, or methods of work.

E. Dewatering shall not be conducted by pumping from inside footings, or other structure foundation limits. This may decrease the supporting capacity of the soils.

F. Care shall be taken when excavating the foundations to avoid disturbing the supporting materials.

Excavation by either hand or careful backhoe soil removal, may be required in excavating the last few inches of material to obtain the subgrade of any item of the concrete work.

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G. Any over-excavated subgrades that are due to Contractor’s actions, shall be brought back to subgrade elevations, as indicated on the DRAWINGS, by Contractor and at Contractor’s expense in the following manner:

1. For over-excavations of two (2) inches or less, either backfill and compact with approved granular materials; backfill with one-half (1/2) inch crushed rock.

2. For over-excavations greater than two (2) inches, backfill and compact with an approved granular material.

3. Backfill, and fill within three (3) feet adjacent to all structures and for the full height of walls, shall be selected non-swelling material.

4. It shall be granular, well graded, and free from stones larger than two (2) inches.

5. Material may be job excavated, but shall selectivity be required as determined by Contract-ing Officer.

6. Stockpiled material, other than topsoil from the excavation, shall be used for backfilling un-less an impervious structural backfill is specified.

7. The backfill material shall consist of either clean onsite granular material free of stones larger than two (2) inches in diameter with no more than twenty percent (20%) passing the

No. 200 sieve, or equivalent imported materials.

8. All backfill around the structures shall be consolidated by mechanical tamping.

9. The material shall be placed in six-inch (6") loose lifts within a range of two percent (2%) above to two percent (2%) below the optimum moisture content and compacted to ninety-five percent (95%) of Maximum Standard Proctor Density (ASTM D698) for cohesive soils, or to seventy-five percent (75%) relative density for pervious material as determined by the relative density of cohesionless soils test, ASTM D4253.

10. Impervious structural backfill shall be placed in six-inch (6") loose lifts within a range of two percent (2%) above to two percent (2%) below the optimum moisture content and com-pacted to ninety-five percent (95%) of Maximum Standard Proctor Density for cohesive soils as determined by ASTM D698.

3.4 GENERAL EXCAVATION

A. Unclassified Excavation: Excavation to subgrade elevations regardless of the character of surface and subsurface conditions encountered, including rock, soil materials, and obstructions.

B. If excavated materials intended for fill and backfill include unsatisfactory soil materials and rock, replace with satisfactory soil materials.

3.5 EXCAVATION FOR STORMWATER TRENCHES

A. Excavate trenches to indicated gradients, lines, depths, and elevations.

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B. Excavate trenches to uniform widths to provide a working clearance on each side of pipe or conduit.

Excavate trench walls vertically from trench bottom to 12 inches higher than top of pipe or conduit, unless otherwise indicated.

1. Clearance: 18 inches on each side of pipe or conduit.

C. Trench Bottoms: Excavate and shape trench bottoms to provide uniform bearing and support of pipes and conduit. Shape subgrade to provide continuous support for barrels of pipes. Remove projecting stones and sharp objects along trench subgrade.

1. Shape bottom of trench to support bottom 90 degrees of pipe circumference. Fill depressions with tamped bedding course backfill.

3.6 STORAGE OF SOIL MATERIALS

A. Stockpile borrow materials and satisfactory excavated soil materials. Stockpile soil materials without intermixing. Place, grade, and shape stockpiles to drain surface water. Cover to prevent windblown dust.

3.7 BACKFILL

A. Refer to Spec Section 32 15 00 - Aggregate Surfacing for requirements for placement of trail aggregate.

B. Place and compact backfill in excavations promptly, but not before completing the following:

1. Inspecting stormwater culverts

2. Removing trash and debris.

3.8 FILL

A. Refer to Spec Section 32 15 00 - Aggregate Surfacing for requirements for placement of gravel parking lot aggregate.

B. Preparation: Remove vegetation, topsoil, debris, unsatisfactory soil materials, obstructions, and deleterious materials from ground surface before placing fills.

C. Plow, scarify, bench, or break up sloped surfaces steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal so fill material will bond with existing material.

D. Place and compact fill material in layers to required elevations as follows:

1. Under grass and planted areas “green areas”, use satisfactory or unsatisfactory soils for fill embankment so long as they are clean and free of trash and debris.

2. Under trail grade and pavements, use satisfactory soils for fill embankment

3. Under footings and foundations, use satisfactory soils for fill embankment

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4. In sliver fills use Class 1 Rip Rap

3.9 MOISTURE CONTROL

A. Uniformly moisten or aerate subgrade and each subsequent fill or backfill layer before compaction to within 2 percent of optimum moisture content.

B. Do not place backfill or fill material on surfaces that are muddy, frozen, or contain frost or ice.

C. Remove and replace, or scarify and air-dry, otherwise satisfactory soil material that exceeds optimum moisture content by 2 percent and is too wet to compact to specified dry unit weight.

3.10 COMPACTION OF BACKFILLS AND FILLS

A. Place backfill and fill materials in layers not more than 8 inches in loose depth for material compacted by heavy compaction equipment, and not more than 4 inches in loose depth for material compacted by hand-operated tampers.

B. Place backfill and fill materials evenly on all sides of structures to required elevations, and uniformly along the full length of each structure.

C. Compact soil in the following conditions:

1. Under trail bed scarify and recompact top 6 inches below subgrade and compact. Use proof roll method with loaded transport vehicle or other NPS approved vehicle of similar weight and size.

2. Under green or unpaved areas, place fill with tracked equipment or bucket of machine. Make compactive effort to stabilize the surface. Material shall not be dumped into place without tracking in of material.

3. In areas of drainage pipe and structural backfill, backfill material shall be compacted to 95 percent of maximum density.

3.11 GRADING

A. General: Uniformly grade areas to a smooth surface, free from irregular surface changes. Comply with compaction requirements and grade to lines, and elevations indicated.

1. Provide a smooth transition between adjacent existing grades, new grades and bridge/ramp approaches.

2. Cut out soft spots, fill low spots, and trim high spots to comply with required surface tolerances.

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B. Site Grading: Slope grades to direct water towards ditches and to prevent ponding. Finish subgrades to required elevations within the following tolerances:

1. Trail bed: Plus 1/2 inch. Trail must meet flush with structures with a 2% max cross slope.

3.12 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Testing Agency: Contractor shall engage a qualified independent geotechnical engineering testing agency to perform field quality-control testing.

B. Have testing agency inspect and test subgrades and each fill or backfill layer. Proceed with subsequent earthwork only after test results for previously completed work comply with requirements.

C. Testing agency shall test compaction of soils in place according to ASTM D 1556, ASTM D 2167, ASTM D 2922, and ASTM D 2937, as applicable. Tests will be performed at the following locations and frequencies:

1. Temporary Drainage Pipe Backfill: Two compaction tests shall be performed for each drainage pipe installation. Tests shall be scheduled to be taken at different lifts and areas of the pipe alignment.

2. Excess Material Stockpile: Two compaction tests shall be performed during each lift for every

4,000 CY placed.

3. Embankment and All Other Fill: Two compaction tests shall be performed during each lift at a distance no greater than every 200 linear feet.

D. When testing agency reports that subgrades, fills, or backfills have not achieved degree of compaction specified, scarify, and moisten or aerate, or remove and replace soil to depth required;

recompact and retest until specified compaction is obtained.

3.13 PROTECTION

A. Protecting Graded Areas: Protect newly graded areas from traffic, freezing, and erosion. Keep free of trash and debris until accepted by NPS.

B. Repair and reestablish grades to specified tolerances where completed or partially completed surfaces become eroded, rutted, settled, or where they…