B08_Attachment_09_Milner_Design_Analysis_-_1978.pdf

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TITLE I SERVICES - DESIGN ANALYSIS

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STRLTCTUllAL, ARCl{ITECTURAL, MECHANiiCAL AND ELECTRICAL REHABILI'f A TION OF

J>ERRY'S VICTC>RY

AND

INTERNA 1'101'1AL PEACE MEMORIAL

PREPARED FOR

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE,

U.S. DEPAJRTMENTOFTHEINTERIOR

JOHN MILNEll ASSOCIATES

AUGUST 7. 19i'8

Pt.EASE RETURN TO:

TECHWCl\l INr!lP.MfiTION CENTER DENVER srn~l!;t (ilt{!ER NATIONAL f>ARI\ SEAVJCE

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CHAPTER I.

CllAPTER II.

CHAPTER I I I.

CW\PTER IV.

CHAPTER V.

CHAPTER VI.

CHAPTER VII I

CHAPTER VI I I.

CHAPTER IX.

CHAP1 ER X.

CHAPTER XI.

CHAPTER XI I.

CHAPTER XII I.

CHAPTER XIV.

CHAPTER XV.

ADDENDA

APPENDIX.

A.

B.

c.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION I I • I • I ••• • • • • • • • ••

PROJECT BACKGROUND. I I t I I I I t I • I I t t

SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS .•. • • • •

COLUMN FOUNDATION .•• I •••• t I t I I I I

COLUMN SHAFT I I • I I I I I I I t fl I . ' . . .

COLUMN CAPITAL, OBSERVATION GALLERY

ANO PENTHOUSE • • • . I I • I • • • • I • 0 I t

BRONZE LANTERN ••• I •• I ••

JP PER PLAZA ANO GRAN ITF. STEPS •

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0 I 0

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LO~ER PLAZA • . I • • I I • • • • I I I I t

UPPER PLAZA AND PLANTING BOXES. . . . I I I I I

ROTUNDA I • I • I I • • • • I • • • •

HEATING AND OEHU~IOIFICATION SYSTEM • I

PLUMBING ANO DRAINAGE I . . .

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS. I ••••• I I •

CONSTRUCTtO~ COSl ESTIW\TE SUMMARY

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AND BREAKDOWN . I • • • I I t t

TESTING ••• I ' • . . . . . . . '

PAINT RESTOHAT 1011 . . , . . . . . . . " . .

I t t t t • f • f I • f f f t Parameters for Energy Analysis

AXCESS Energy Analysis Program Supplement

Water Source Heat Pump Examples

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CHAPTER 1 ---·-- -----------~-I NT_B.ODUC!lQ.~

.Work_Qirec ti ve

Preparation of Tftle I services. ir.cludfng preliminary construction drawings, specifications, dos1{1n analysis and cost estimates has been carried out 1n accordance wfth an ag1•oement wf th the Denver Service Center of the National Park Service, Lnitod States Department of the Interior.

The aforementioned work 1s documented in Contract No. cx .. 2000-7-0014, Perry's Victory and International Pe1tce Memorial 1s located on Oh·fo State Highway 357, on South Bass Island in Lake Erie, on South Bass lslnnd fn

Lake Erie. Put-In-Bay Township. Ottawa Count.y, Ohio.

§J:,atement of Purpose

The intent of this Design Analysis 1s to provide support background for the work which is required for the structural, architectural. mechanicals elec ~rical and plumbing presorvation and restoration of the memorial column con1plex and plazas at Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial, Put·ln-Bay, Ohio. An Historic itructurcs Report of the Memorial was pre pared in 1976 by Oalton-Dalton-1.ittle-Newport. This Design Analysis was prepared as a supplement to the Ht stortc Structures Report and has been or ganized with the same fonnat fo1· cross referencing purposes.

Jhe Design Team

The prime contractor for Title ! services is John Milr.er Associates, 309 North Matlack Street, West Chesi:er, Pt1nnsylvan1a 19380, 215-436-9000.

Assisting in this project are tlte follo~Jing consultants:

Structura I Engineering: Ttie Keast & Hood Company

St1burban Station Bui ldlng Hl 7 John F. Kennedy Boulevard Pt11adelphia, Pennsylvan1a 19103

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Mechanical and Electrical Engtnooring:

Cost Est1mat1ng:

Stone Specialist:

V1nokur-Pace tngfneer1ng Serv1cos, Inc, 135 Old York Road Jenkintown, Pennsylvania 19046 lntornat1onal Consult~nts, Inc, 227 S. Ninth Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvanfa 19107

Maryland Stone Serv1co. Inc.

2418 Bradford Road Balttmoro, Maryland 21234

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PRO,JECT BACKGrWUNO ---------------· .. ---·--~---·-·-- ... -..

.9J!_n_qJ"_~..l.J!1..t.t.9!L9 L~filt..tl~!fil'l~J, Parry's Victory and Internat1011nl Peace Memorial 1~ a monument. erected to comnemorate tho victory in the War of lnl2 of the United States Naval forces over tho 13r1t1sh fleet. Comnond1ng the U. s. forces Of' I.aka Erie was Oliver Hazard Perry. l't h 1n his honor and to tho ensuing 1t.sting peace between the Un1teci States aud Canada tLcit the Memorh 1 was huil t f n 1913-1915. A comploto and thor:>ugh study of the et•ocl1on of tho monument was recordP.d in "A Construction History of the Perry's Vf ctory and Inter ..

nat1onal Peace Memorial", \'1r1tt1!n by Nat1nna1 Pdrk Sftrv1t& historian, A1fred Mong1n in 1961. The princ1p1e dates and a':tiv1t1es related to the erAction of the Memorial are as fc·.1 lows:

July, 1912 December 4, 1912 December, 1912 1914 .. 1915

June 13, 19'15

1924-1925

1934-1935

1960N1961 1977-rn?o

Site cleared Column foundation excavation begun Ground leveled for plazas Plazas constructed C.o'tumn completed Column opened to the public Bay (r.orth) side sa~ wall constructed L1 ghtn1 ng arrestor :;ys tern 1 ns t<111 ed Pavin~ 1nst~lled on upper plaza Lake (south) side sea wali constructed Paving installed on lowet• plaza Bay side sea wall rebuilt Original elevator replaced Electric tronsfonner vault constructed Restrooms (comfort station) constructed Heating and dehumidification s.vstem installed Lake side sea wall reconstructed and grounds rehabllitatP.d Bay s1de sea wall to be reconstructed

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P.rJ~l'- Dos 1 IDLM.W.~iJ. Ret~!l

Memorial fnc11itios to bo rostorod and rehltb1lttatod

Tho has1s of the Design Analysis is the research which preceded 1ts form ulation. Many of the support documents were Made available by the National Park Service. Alfred i~ongtn's 11A Construction History of Perry's Victory rllllf International Peace Memorial" is a well detailed wor•k which provides insights on the constr1Jction methods which wo1·e employed, some of which may havo c:ontributed to the structural faflures which exist today.

This work contains many of the c:onstruction progress photographs taken by

Otto G. Herbster, a professional photographer native to South Bass Island.

Over four hundred prtnts of the original glass plate photographs by Mr.

P.arbster are 1n the collection at the Park Office. The pictures were studied for additional clues to the construction procedures and possible buf lt-in problems.

The archf t&ctural plans, elevati1Jns, sections and details by the arch1tects of the Memorial, Freedl~nder and Seymour, were of significant help during the research and analysis phase. There were, however, several instances where the dimensions and the conutructfon detai 1 s on tt;~ drawf ngs did not agree with actual constru{~tion, riossibly due to changos which took pll1ce 1n the field during construction. Structural drawings by Uie engineering finn of Boller, Hodge, and Baird p1·ov1ded a basis for understanding the intent of the structural df.isign. The recomnend.iitions of the Des1gn Analysis are based f n part on observations of condf tfons at the site and also on the information which appears on the structural drawings. In certain cases, it was necessary to assume that the building was constructed as shown on the drawings because there are no means availab1e to verf fy their accuracy.

The original electrical drawings 11ere also provided for the design team.

In addition to prints of the orig·nal construction drawings, prtnts of drawings for subsequent construction were revfewed:

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Electric Passenger Elovfttor WAttJrproof1n9 Penthouse and Gallery Transformer Vault-Schomat1c W1r1no Diagram Watorprooffng Gallory Floor Comfort Station Base Unes for Laying 7200 Volt L1ne

Rehabtl1tat1on of Monument !ihaft

Rcplacoment of Penthouse Door Ut1l f ti es Extel'ior Rehabi11tatfon - Monum1mt Shaft

Rehabilftat1on of Upper and Lower Terraces ropcgraphic Survey Rehab11 itat1on of South Soa l~a 11 and Grounds Rehabilftat1on and Extensio11 of North Sea Hall

11/18/38 4/29/47 1 /14/47 4/l 4/49 3/8/50 and 5/1&/50 7/24/51 6/10/52 4/21/53 6/18/53 10/31/62 6/Hi/64 6/6/74 1/28/76 1 /28/76

No drawings of the Mechan1cc'.1 Room. a recently added facil 1ty, were ava 11ab1 e.

In researching refnforced concrete pract f ces nf the ·period when the MeM1•ial was constructed, our sot1rce mated al included )he .fiv11. Jngineer•s _Pocket-Book, 19th Edition 1916, b~ Trautwine, and The Arch1tec~'s an~

Builders' .Pocket·Boo~. 16th Edition 1916, by K1ddor. Addit1ona1 sources were the Ohio Building Code {197(1). the Uniform Building Code (1973) and the BOCA Code (1975}.

Prior to conducting the site suney, a thorough review of t~1e Historic Structures Report was made. The roport was prepared for the National Park Service to provide adm1nistratfVE' data, a bt•ief nistodcal background, and a complete review of the reh~ bfl it;stion rcquf red for the drch1tec tural, structural, heating and de·humfdif1cation. plumbing and electrical systems of Perry's v:ctory and Ir 1iternational Peace Memorial. ~·our slide carousels of photographs of Heim discussed 1n the Historic Structures Report and an accompanying tape recording were supplied to augment the report. Oalton-Da1ton-l.1tt.le·Nc\l'POrt 1 s work served c'.IS an excellent preview and orientation to many rroblems which exist and some of the

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SovorAl persons wore espec1Dlly holpful in prov1d1nu information rele-vant to this project. Clifford Blackstun, Civ1 I Engineer, National Park Sor't'ice; Alford J, Bant;a, Park :iuperintendent, Perry's Victory and In ternational Peace Memorial; Chr·lstopher White, Park Ranger, Perry's Victory and International Peace Memoria 1 i iyrus Burgsss, "taintentrnce Supervisor, Perry's Victory and lnternat1on11l Peace Memorial; Hugh Mi'ller, Chief Hi stor1 c Architect, Nat1ona 1 Pal'k Service; Lawrence Coryel 1, Hhtoric Architect, National Park Serv1ccq Paul Goeldner, Regional Architect, Gener~l State Authority; George Grenadier, Prosidcnt of the Grenadier Corporation; Arthur Hockman, National Bureau of Standards; Thomas SarMr1a, Ohio Historical Society.

Site Survex, In October of 1977 representat1~es of each firm within the design team conducted an on-site survey of the existing conditions of the fac111tios at Perry's Memorial. A thoroug~ comparison of the original construction documents to the physical structure was carried out, verifying dimensions and details as shown on the drawings. Measurements and notations were made of 1 tems wM ch were different from what was represented on tho drawings or which had been added subsequent to such documentati'ln. A point-by··point review was conducted of the items discussed in the Historic Structures Report, t n order to ver1 fy certain concl us i'>ns and recollll1en • dat1ons raised by the Historic Structures Report. certafn parts of the building were "opened up 11

: pavers were lifted to inspect the condft1on of the setting ~ed and the structu.'al det.:k; fill was removed from the planting beds to investigate the depth and condition of the concrete struc ture; earth was excavated from the perimeter of the upper ph.1.a wa 11 to check its condition; f111 was re1~ved adjacent to the restroom wf thin the basement to locate and size tho exi~ting footing and verify whether or not it tied into the pile caps; ,(!1evat1ons were surveyed of the Obs'1rva-tf on Gallery Deck and the Upper ,rnd Lower Plazas 1n order to verify the

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I extent and d1roction of drainage pitch. The inner and outor walls woro carofully 1nspuctod with t:he aid of b1noc:ulars, And the ochtnus ancJ t\bac:us stones and tho so111ng nn the outor surfftco of tho column was surveyed from tho vantage point of ,, hol f copter, Paint samples were ti.Ikon through out the building in order to as 1:ertain the original color scheme. Wh11o at tho site, the design team met with reprosontathos of cleaning con tractors. stone restoration con~iultants, sealant manufacturers and water proofing installers in order to get firsthand reactfons to the problems as they exist and possible solutions. Valuable firsthand knowledge of construction working condit'lon c 11 rawba~ks was obtained from personnel of the Roger Au Construction Company who were at that time 1nst.al11ng the new ~outh sea \'ta 11.

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In the prepara t1on of a dosfgn 1ina lys is and/or construction documents, the roqu1rements wh(ch aro unique to the project must first bo dof1nod.

The Special Construction Requfromcnts Which aro outlfnod horo1n must be cons1dorod when a particular cor1struction oporation, fncludfng tho time rcqui red for execution, f s ana l;zed.

.Bid Award

The 1evel of specia 11zat1on and d1 fff culty of the project aro such that only those contractors with proven, satisfactory performanco rerords, in c 1 ud ing exper1enco in restorat10;1 work, should be permitted to submit bid proposals. The National Parl< Service has stated that the work at Perry• s Victory and Internatf ona ·1 Peace Memor1a 1 w1l l be done under a single contract. Therefore, all subcontractors should be required to meet simflarly defined requiremerits prior to their consideration by the National Park Service, It is customary onco a contract ~as been s fgned to complete a project within the time period - which fs specified and determ1ned by the Owner.

The sequencing of the work and the construction progress schedule for that work fs the respons1bfl 1ty of the Contractor. In this case, however, there are unique Hmitations and special working conditions \\'hfch wf 11 df rectly affect the Construction Progress Schedule:

l. Public Vfsitatfon - the National Park Service has directed that for the duration of the construct1on period the Memor1al shall remain open to the publ· c dur1ng normal visitation hours which are as foll c.ws:

Aprf 1 24 • May 29 May 30 • September 9 September 10 • Oct~ber 23 T\'10 times per surrmer

10:00 a.m. • 5:00 p.m.

9:30 a.m. · 7:00 p.m.

10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.

8:00 ~.m. • 10:00 p.m.

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Cortn fn construction t11sks cannot bo porformod when tho r>uhl ic 1s prosont. Thoro will bo oporations which Aro too dangorous or which require total access to a particular part of tho building and create a situation which prohibits public access to tho sito, It is u11dorstood that, if nccossnry duo to c!ln· struct1on scheduling, the sito mny be closed to the public from Labor Day weekend unt 11 Mwnori al Day.

2. Natural Cond1tfons - llny oxterfor work to be carried out fs subject to the weathe1· conditfons at Put-In-Bay. During tho months of non-vfsftation by the publfc, October 24 to April 23 the weather conditions are for the most part unsuitable for out door construction act1vftfes due to high winds, very cold temp eratures, snow, sleet and rain. These adverse conditions affect not only the safety of men, many of whom must work on scaffolding, but also on the success of the installation of construction ma terial. In addition, shortly fnto this period Lake Erie freezes and the ice conditfon curtails all barge and boat service which 1s the only means of de11vel'y of supplies of any hu'lk or we1ght to the site. Certain supplies can be stockpiled fn advance of thfs condft1on; however-, the implied complications are obvious.

3. Order of Execution - Tile order in which the work 1s executed will be part1a11y dfct11ted by the construction operations and equipment which w111 bn required. Standing staged scaffolding w111 be erected for thE! restoration of the exterior of the column. The waterprooffng and repaving of the upper plaza can not be carried out until the work on the column exterior is com plete and the scaffolding can be removed. The cleaning of the rotunda ceiling and walls cannot be stbrted until the exterior of the building has been waterproofed and sealed and a sufficient period of time has elapsed to allow the building to thoroughly dry out (see Chapter II - Rotunda). For the above stated reasons.

H;? strongly urge that a construction period of thirty-one months

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QQ!g_uo Constructf on Operation and Effect on C..Q!!_of Construction

Location:

A major factor whf ch wf 11 directly affect the cost of thfs project 1s the remote location of the sfte. There exist two means of access: by air. utilizing a small plane or helicopter, or by water, Cars and soma trucks can be transported by o11:her of the Island's two ferry services.

Large quantities of material. such as stone or ffl l, wfl 1 require barge transporta t1on. All of these nK 1des of travel are curta1 lcd by h1gh w1nd cond1t1ons which are not unusual fn the spring and fall.

Supplies:

No major material or equipment s11pplfers exist on South llass Island. V1r tua lly everything whf ch w111 be b1'~ requ1 red by the contractor must be shipped or flown by hfm to the s !to.

Accorrmodations:

The population on South Bass Isl~nd varies greatly between the sull'fJler and wfnter season. The availability of food varies greatly and housfn~ for construction workers is extremely limited.

Scaffolding:

There are two types of scaffoldf n!J from which the exterior restoration work on the column shaft can be cnrried out: individual, electric or gasoline swing scaffolds suspended from the Observation Gallery down the sf des of the column; standing staued scaffolding which would be erected from the structura 1 deck of the U~ 1per Plau1 up the sides and completely encircle the column. It fs our very strong reconmendat1on that swf ng scaf folding not be permitted for this project. A swing scaffold is completely subject to the weather conditions, particularly the wind at Perry's Memorial whf ch is dangerous to workmen. A swing scaffold has the disadvantage of

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I bof ng remote and inaccessible. This places rostrictions on when and where an inspection can be made of both the installation 1>rocess and also tho finished work. In order to Insure a thorough and unifonn job of clean(ng and sealing of the column ~h~ft, Inspections should be made frequently and without notfce, and comparisons of ongofng work wfth other areas of the column surface should not bo re:>tricted. Staged scaffolding has the addi tional advantag& of pennfttiog more than one trade to work at one time.

The fostallation of ttie sealant for the column face joints must start from the top. While t111s w1.,rk is proceeding, workmen can be preparing the jotnts for sealant further down on loW~!r levels of scaffoldfng. Staged scaffolding will also permit the w.wk to corit1nue during adverse weather conditfor1s.

Sections of the staged ;~caffold may be enclosed or tented wfth polyethelene, allow1n~ work to continue and t~ereby extendfny production time.

There are of course oth•!r special conditions which are corm10n to most restoration projects, and these ~dl be detailed 1n the final specff1cations.

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9 l.11 1 ' :ldss ·

12 _--.i _______ I _______________ _

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CHAPTER lV COLUMN FOUNDATION .Gencr~LObservat1.Q!l.!

The overall comJ1t1on of the col :1nm foundution wall which is exposed to the basement area 1s good, The insHo of the wall \'1h1ch forms the crypt spaco benoa th tho Memorf a 1 rotunda was not tnspected because at tho present t1mo there is no exist1ng entry lar91l enouuh for a 111an to pass through. As to the condition of the outs1do wal I. minor cracks Mld spal11ng and calcium carbonate efflorescence are the only outward signs of deterioratf on.

§t.ructural _Integritt_

The calculations shown 1n the Hi:;tor1c Structures Report for stab11 ity under wind loading showed a factor of safety ag.l1nst overturning of &. 71.

The calculation sheet (111ustrat1on 28, H.S.R.) notes that the basts for the calculations 1s a thirty pour1d pe~· square foot wind load from the Ohio Bufldfng Code, In comparfr.g the Ohio Building Code (l970), Unffonn

8u1ld1ng Code (1973), and the BOCA Code (1975). wind loading was the most stringent 1n the Uniform 8ufld1n{1 Code. If, however, precise application of wind torces taken from the Uni fonn Building Code for the height zones spacif1ed, reduced by the shape factor giving conrideratfon to co'lumn shaft entasis, the abacus. pentheiuse and lantern uere supplemented for the calculations 1n the original H1s1or1c Structures f'eport, the factor of safety against overturning would be reduced by on'lJ ten percent. Similarly, the bearing pressures 1n the concrete would remafn within ten percent of the given rilnge, Therefore, a compl~te restudy anc recalculation of the struc· ture 1s not warranted, Access Shaftway!

During the course of construction, four shaftings were constructed which pass through the foundation wa 11. These shaftways are roughly horf zonta1, with the exception of the one on the southwest sfde which was constructed as a concrete chute and actua 11y slopes downwan towards the center of the column. One of the three remaining shaftw~ys ~'/as recently plugged with

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concreto. Inspection of the other two found them to be partially blocked with wood debris, apparontly boards used to fonn them which had collapsed.

It wu noted that air was oscllping from these two openings. Although the Historic Structures Report stated that tho void within tho foundation core had been fi 11 od with earth, no evidence was found to substantiate this statement. Page 209 of "A Construction History of Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial" contains a quote by Webster P. Huntington which doscr1bos the reinterment of tho remains of tho American and British crew into tho crypt beneath the Meroor1al rotunda floor. Huntington states:

"'fhe catofalque was horn slowly up tho staf n'lay, and upon reaching the crypt in the floor of the rotunda the box containing the remains was with drawn from it and lowered into the open space." There is no mention 1n Huntington's quote nor in the "Construction History" of the crypt being filled with earth nor 1s this the general practice with crypt spaces. Un fortunately, the original drawings do not show th1s space, filled or un filled.

It 1s reconmonded that the debris be removed from the two presently open shaftways to provide ventilation to the sub-floor space 1n order to help reduce tho moisture trapped wf thfn this space and to permf t f nspectf on and repair of the structure which supports the rotunda floor. It is assumed that the underside of the floor has deteriorated, as has the underside of the upper plaza. One of the shaftways may serve as a duct shaft {see Mechanical Equipment - Heating Section). The r.oncrete p'ug should be re moved from the third and largest of the three shaftways. By enlarging this opening. which fs now approKimately 2 feet ~ O inches by 2 feet - 0 inches, a means would be provided to enter the sub-floor spaco. In add1· t1on a mechadc could thereby gain access to install heating ducts and drain pipfng that serves the rotJnda. Tho now extant drain in the floor of the rotunda permits water wh1 ::h enters the space to fall into the spaca below. adding to the damp condition. Such access would also provide for future inspection of the structure; at the present time. the crypt space and the voids directly above the rotunda ceiling to the east and west of the elevator pit are the only sp~ces 1n the buildfng which cannot be

I 1 nspected, I Quts fde Face of Column Foundat1ort.

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Several minor cracks were noted dur1ng tho 1nspect1on of the column foundation above grade. In orde1· to ascertain the full extent of the cracks, all bu11d .. up of calcium carbonate deposits must first be removed.

This can be done either with a hJrdro-s1 ltca jet or with a mild sand blast. After the surface deposits have been completely removed and foun ..

datfon wall has been carefully ir1spocted, all looso material should be removed from the cracks, and they should be filled with an epoxy grout.

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~--~OLUMN SllAFT

Exterior fxtanLCo.ndf t1ons

Our observations of the exterior conditions of the column shaft agree 1n gen&ral with the descr1ption detailed 1n the 111storfc Structures Report.

Jn su111T1ary, the L1Xtor1or of the col11mn shaft requires cluanfn9; cracks in the joints and stone faces must be sealed; provisions are requfred to pre vent the continued entry of water into the walls of the shaft. There exist several approaches to each of these problems and the solutions chosen must be ·selected as a complete systP.m of cleaning and sealing due to the effects that each operation will have on the other.

Three factors are basic to the selection of a cleaning ~ethod: what substances are to be removed; what affect wil 1 the method havp on the granite; what is the desired visual appearance whfch ts to be achieved by applfcatfon of the cleaning method. The following substancas were observed and should be removed: l) chemical deposits, including calcium cabonates and iron oxides, which have leached out from the concrete behind the granite stones• 2) airborne pollution in the form of chemicals and dust;

3) vegetation which may include moss, mildew, or other microscopic organ isms. There may also be traces of other foreign substanr.es on the face of the granite. In addf tf on, the grant te has a grayish cast around tho edges of the stones, resulting from the presence of water. The stained effect caused by the water will end when the buflding fs sealed. It may not, however, be possible to remove all pollutants which have been attracted by the wet surface of the stone.

There are three primary means to clean the exterior of the column: chem ical cleaners• water blasts or sprAys; and abrasive blasting. There are advantages and disadvantages 1n each of these cleaning processes in their

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I I I I I I I app11cat1on to this project.

Chem1ca 1 cl ean1 ng cons1 s ts of the app11cat1on of 11qu1d sprays wh1 ch con tain either ac1d or alkal1no ag!mts. The chemical mixture 1s pormitted to remain on the face of the st,Jne for a spec1f1ed poriod of tfmo and then washed off with clear watel', Tho advantages of cleaning tho granite us1ng chemicals include its low cost in comparison with wator or abrasive blasting due to fewer man hours required for application. If pro1>crly dos1gned, a chemical cloanor should be able to remove most 1f not all of the stains and chemical depo!,its which exist on tho face of the column.

The disadvantages of using chem1ca1 cleaning for thfs project include the following. 1) Application of most chemicals is limited to temperatures above freezing. 2) The prevailing wind conditions at the site make ft very difficult to contain ttie d1em1cal spray and prevent 1t from spreading to a wide area around the colum11, which would endanger people, vehicles, vegetation and surfaces of tt.e buf ldfng. This problom could be overcome by 11 tffntfng 11 the scaffolding fn order to enclose the area of application.

'fMs requirement w111 increase the cost of chemical cleaning. 3) If all of the chemfcill residues are not thoroughly washed off of the granf te, a discoloration or burning of the stone may occur. Similarly, rainwater t/111ch p1cks up any rasidues as it runs down the face of the column may discolor the bronze entrance doors or the granite pavers.

Water cleaning methods which may be used tci clean the granite include steam under pressure, water under pres:;ure or a water curtain. The appl 1cat1on of a water cleaning system will 11ot remove all of the chemical deposits on the exterior of the column. I\ mechanical means such as hand ·chisel 1ng will be required fn add1tfon to the water to remove all deposits. Ono draw· back to water cleaning 1s the po!-sib111ty of further damage to the column.

Corrosion of steel anchors, stair1fng of interior surfaces, salt deposits leaching from the concrete and freeze-thaw cycle damage have all resulted from water which h entering the building through tho many cracks in the walls. This problem can be circumvented by sealing a11 masonry joints and con~letfng all waterproofing installation prior to cleaning the building.

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Damage which could result from ~;echan1ca11y chipping chemfcal doposits off the faco of the grant te 1s not easfly controllod. This cleaning technique could result 1n pennarent scarring. Wator cleaning methods aro relat1 voly inexpens 1vo and clearrnp 1s mfnimal, consisting of vacuuming away excess water. An added ad~antage is tho m1n1mal wearing offect on the stone.

The wator curtain cleaning systen, which consists of runn1ng clean water over a surface area for several iours, may have a special application to this bufld1ng. Following the cleaning and scaling of the column, chemical buildup from material loact.1n9 out of the concrete should cease to be a problem. The l>nly so111ng of the building's surface 1n tho future w1l 1 result from airborne dust arid pollu~1on. A water curtain onmitted from two small diameter r.opf)er tube$ whfch are permanently installed around the pertmeter of the column could be used to automatfca11y clean the column. The water curtain ttJbes would be located at the top of the outside face of the parapet wall and 1n the indentation where the ech1nus returns bonea th the sof f 1 t of the abacus • In the sp r1 ng and fa 11 the column could be flushed clean by merely turning a valve on ond turning it off a few hours later. Although rainwater has a similar effect, a rain of three to four hours with H large a quantity of water w111 rarely occur. Rd1nwater will not strike all exterior surfaces of the column due to the overhang of the abacus. This water curtain system would not replace the need for a cleaning contractor to scaffold and clean the columni however, such measures would be r1!qufred far less frequently than they are under the present conditions.

Abrasive blasting cleaning method! include sand blasting and hydro-s11 tea blasting. Sandblasting 1s the apr. 1Hcat1on of sand which 1s forced by air through a nozzle onto the surface to be cleaned. The variables of sandblasting include the pressur6 under which the sand is applied, the distance away from the finish surface which the nozzle fs held, the time it 1s held 1n a given area and the grade or sharpness and hardness of the

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I sond. Hydro .. s111cn blasting 1s similar to sandblasting oxcept that water 1s added to tho blast for a less abras1vo affect. Tho 1n1t1nl cleaning of tho column after 1ts completion in 1916 h reportod by 11 En 00 gineering Nows 11 to have been acc,lmplishod with sand blasting. In 1963, tho column was cleaned using a ~ydro~s111ca system, according to Hr.

Lawrence Coryell, coordinating architect for the National Park Sorvico.

Mr. Coryell reports that this method of cleaning proved successful in removing dirt and calcium carbon,ite bufldup without any noticeable damage to the stone.

Two disadvantages of sand or hydro-silica blasting are material distri· button duo to wind drift and da~19e to the stone face. Sand which is blown over the park area fs only hazardous insofar as ft f s an 1rrttant to people in the in111ed1ate 'lic1n·,ty. This problem would be especially difficult to control during visitation hours. Wind drift has far less effect upon hydro-sil 1ca blast1nu due to the dampening affect of the water. The problem of possible damage to the stone 1s dependent upon tho cdreful selection and contr<1l over the ·variables 1n the application.

~· dro-s111ca cleaning could not be utilized during the freeze-thaw lycles of the year.

There are several advantages resl11tin9 from abrasive blast cleaning.

Using these methods. chemical do~ios1ts and air pollution can be removed fn the same operation w1th no adc11t1onal mechanical aids required. In add1tion to cleaning the exterior· surface of the stone, abrasive blasting may also be used in cleaning the interior faces of the stone joints to prepare them for the installatfo~ of new sealant.

Aggregate blasting has been used 1n the cleaning of the column fn the past wtth success. It 1s not usually a good practice to use this system on masonry surfaces due to the damage which may be done to tha surface through harsh wearing. Quarry mmers who supply Ml 1 ford pink granite do not believe that aggregate blasting will harm the stone due to 1ts

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I extreme hardness. This opinion 1s echoed by stono specialists and cleaning firms. According to tho architect, Freedlander, the granite for the structure was chosen ovor other materials after long and thorough tests were made for du1·ab1l 1ty.

Cl ea n Ullt Reco111111onda t for~

T"he desired visual effect of thE bu11'11ng after the cleaning 1s completed is one of cont 1nu1ty of co 1 or, t ex tu re and 1 us ter. Each of these f ea tures should be as close to the original appearance of the granite as possible. It is not physically possible to restore the column to a 11 brand new" appearance unless the entire bui 1 ding 1 s retooled. There 1s no practical cleaning process which will remove all stains or dirt de posits, some of whfch are now absorbed into the stone.

In order to achie~e the desired end results at the most reasonable cost to the National Park Service, it is recommended that sand blasting or hydro-s111ca blasting be used. i\ samole test should be conducted at the site prior to the completion of ·1~he construction documents in order to detetinine the specific materials and methods which are to be specified and the final appearance which 1i1 expected to be achieved as a result of the actual construction. The results of such test.fng must be approved by the National Park Service before the work may proceed.

Sei!Jants_

A thorough discourse of the dimensions, evident structural failures, staining and chemical deposits, and c~lculations of stresses is included in the Historic Structures Report. Our observations concur with the types of failures documented in it. It 1s probable that the most serious crack, located on the south sfde of tho column, is indeed the result of thermal stresses causf ng expansion and contraction of the walls wh1ci1, I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I unfortunately, woro built w1th1>ut control J\Jints to relieve th& strossos, Thero fs no effective way to ruconst1tuta tho structural vcsluo of th1s or any of tho other cracks 1n 1;ho face of tho granfte blocks f n a manner whfch would not in time result in add1tfonal cracks caused by the same stresses. In cases where on fr1d1v1dua1 granite block lus cracked, the basfc nmans ovaflablo for repair would be to 119lue 11 tho steno back to ..

gothor with an injection opoxy. This would reconstitute thu stone;

however, the stress~s - whether thermal, loading or otherwise .. which had been relieved by the crack would again try to tear the stone apart and very likely would achieve this rosult at the weakest part of the block. Wo therefore agreo wf th the U1storf c Structures Report which statas that all cracks should b1! treated as joints~ i .c., they should be sealed against moisture pene·:ration.

s ~jj.fil._Be ~..!!£.llJ!~ ti .Qll!.

All stone Joints betwe6." each granite block must bo thoroughly cleaned of all existing sealants, pointing and loose mortar. The inside faces of the joints must be cleaned of all residues to a degree acceptable to the manufacturer of the sealant to be installed. All jofnts should be packed to w1th1n one inch of the column surface with fresh mortar of identical composition as the 1:>riginal. The joints shall then be packed with backer rod mater1 al ,u prescribed by the seal ant manufac turer. Finally, a sealant matching the color of the stone shall be installed and finished flush wfth the surface of the stone.

It 1s recommended that a two component polyurethane sealant be fnsta11ed.

The shorter curing period requf rud by the two component system over the one component wi 11 groat l y reducE the 1ike1i hood of sea 1 ant fa fl ure due to tho fluctuations in weather cnndftfons ~t South Bass Island.

Prior to the cornplC!tton of the f1nc\l construction specifications, samples of the granf te substrate and the sealants under consideration for instalM la tfon should be submitted to the Na tiona 1 nur<iau of Standards for

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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I a a t WI- El Htti tost1ng. The Matar1itls Rosoarch d1vfs1on of tho Nnt1onal OuraAu of

Standards w1ll provide a serfCJs of tests to chock tho oxtoni:ofon, coheston, conprossfon, sta1ning, adhos1on and peeling of each soalant tubm1tt&d.

It is onry through such tests that tho sealant wt th tho groate~t com pat1b111ty to the substrate and th1s spocfffc building can bu detormfned.

Duo to the f mportonco of tho s1Jcc~ss of the soa lant to the 11 fo of Perry's Memorfal, 1t 1s highly recO!IVnenctod that the National Pnrk Service undortako to h~ve thf s tcstf nq carrfed out.

t~.~ra_rt~~/~.xJ.t.Jln>.n.!.!l __ Qp__o.!:~.

Tho oJCter1or of each of tho bronle doors and door framos at th~ entrance/ exits are 1n good corid1tion. They should be cle£1ned but not waxed 1n order· that they obtain a natural weathered patina. Each door frame should be caulked around the perfmoter. Recorrmendatfons on the interior face, workings and appearance of the doors are discussed 1n Chapter 11 • Rotunda.

Concrete Sta1rs:

On the steps of the uppennost flights of stairs several of the round nosed rnetal safety treads are missing. They have either been replaced wf th new metal safety tread~ which are very dfssfmflar fn des1gn and are awk~1ard to use, or the reveal left by the m1ss1ng tread has been filled with a concrete wash. Th~ original tread was manufactured by the American Mason Safety Troad Gompany and was patented December 31, 1907. These trea·ds are no longe1~ avaflable. In each fl1ght of stairs where d1ssim11ar tread conffauratfons occur new troads as sfm11ar to the orfg1nal as possible should be installed on every step fn that flfght.

The present rnhfng effect creates df fferences fn footing condf tions which are dangerous.

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I The spalled nroas on steps arid sta1r stringers should be cloanod and re· pafrod with epoxy grout a~ de.scr1bod 1n tho Jlhtor1c Structures Report..

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H shnul d also ba noted that iron pyrites were exposod in the concroto sto1 rs nt varfous locations. These aro relatively small and appoar as bits of coa 1. It 1s not unconlllon for pyrites to bo found 1 n slag agoro ..

gate concroto of this era and in gonoral is not a cause for concorn, Octagonal Concrete Columns:

The concrete column supporting structure, including the horizontal Hruts wh1ch support tho concret1e stairway 11nd brace tho elevator shaft, aregenerally in good condftfon. All horizontal hafrline cracks fn the coluruns and the vertical cracks iit the tntorsect1on between the hor1· zontal struts and the r.olumns should be pressure injected with epoxy.

As a general maintenance pract1co, the loose cemont bagging which has dropped off of the columns, sta11,.. stringers and stairs should be kept swept from the stairs to prevent s11ppfng. Th1s condft1cn will probably c~nt1nue to some degree due to tl1e vibration of the elevator. It is not recorm1ended that funds be al'lotted to remove all of the bagged-on cement.

Sta 1 r Ra i 11 ngs :

In conjunction with the removal cif the Kathabar unit (see Mechanical Heco111mendations} and the removal of intermediate levels No. 2 and No. 3 (see Intermediate Levels in this chapter) new handrails to match the t:xhttng sho!Jlrl be installed at Each location where they are now missing wfth thP exception of thA access to 1ntermed1ate level No. 1. All hand· ra115 raquire µa1ntir.g.

£lovator- Steal Fr~ming and Metal Screen:

A'l I of the metal screen anJ frames which enclose the elevator shaft appeat' to be in yood condition. Ttu~ sr:reens along with the elevator steel framinJ require only pJf~ttng.

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Jntormedhte Levels:

Jntonnedfate level No. 1 was installed fn 1960·61 to provido support for tho Kat.habar equfpment. The luval is substantially franiod with steel beams and, although we are racom11ond1ng tho Kathabar Aqu1pmont bo ro placod wt th another system, lAvol No. 1 should be retafnod to support new equipment llnri provide protection for persons ~tnndf nn on tho lowor elevator landing from being stru:k by objects which may fall from above 1n the column shaft.

Intermediate level No. 2 1s cons ~ructed of tho samo light gauge bar frarnfng and wfre infill as were used for the safety screens enclosing the olevator shaft. It was orlgfnany intended as a safety shield to pro tect against objects falling down tho shaftway. At present ft ts used for storage lockers. The locker:. should be relocatod to intermediate lavel No. 1, and the plywood floorfng of ·Intermediate level No. 2 should bo removed. The framod screen1nu of 1ntennediate level No. 2 should re main as an overhead protection h1r level No. 1.

Intennediate level No. 3. a temporary wood framed platform \'thich has only mintmal bo~rfng on the ledg«J formed h.Y the granite rinqstonc should ba replaced with a steel framed and docked removable platform. Althouqh this level is not historically or1oina1 to the build1nri. the plntform, whfch cannot be seen by visitors, is required for periodic maintenanca of of column.

Granite Std1rs and Benc~s:

The two gr an He s ta i rwa,ys which connect the rotunda with the 1 ower elevator landing direr.tly above the rotunda each consist of two flights of granite steps and an intermediate granite floor landing. At the landing, recessed in a wall niche, is a granite bench. Wf th the exception of minor chips in the stafr nos1ngs, the stairs, landings and benches are 1n good cond1tio11 and requ1 re only cleaning.

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Glazed Tile Walls:

The ex1stfng cond1t1ons of tho wall and cefling ceramic t11os 1n thQ.

staf rways from the rotunda to the lower elevator landing nro accuratoly descrfbod 1n tho lf1stor1c Structuros Report, The only reco11111ondation which should be made 1n addf t1on to those in the U1stor1c Structuros Report pertains to proservation. Nearly all wall and ceilfng tfles are crazed, chipped or cracked. The appearance of tt10 crazod tile 1s one that 1s to be expected, cons':der1ng the age of the bu11dfng, In order to preserve as much of the orfgfna 1 bufldfng fabric as possible, only cracked, chfppod or mfssing tiles should be replaced. This ap proach should also be applfed to tho ceramic wall ttles in the lower ele vator landing area. In add1t1on, all tiies which do not n~tch the color of the original tiles should be replaced.

Quarry Tile Floors:

The quarry tile floor requires cl1~anin9, and the floor tiles and a column base tile which are broken should be replaced w1th new tf 1os, identical 1n size and color. When the floor was sloped to accolMlodate the elevator height, the concrete f111 was left exposed at the top of the west stafr, and the floor of tho c1rched opening into the stair. The con crete should be faced with quarry tf 1e.

Face Brf ck Lining of Shaft:

lntennadf ate level No. 1 dfvfdes the column shaft fnto an area below ft w~fch fs fn full view of the visiting public and the above area, which fs not. 1-"or thi.s reason, it 1s recommendod that the brick face beneath the underside of the 1nto~nedfate level be restored. Approximately fifty broken brfck should be replaced. a~d the surtace should bo scrubbed clean with a water solution of mfld soap using stiff natural bristle brushes. The cracks 1n the brick ,loints should be raked clean of all pointing and packed with a backer rod and pninted w1U1 a single component polyurethane soalant which matches the color of the existing adjacent

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I po1nt1ng, This treatment will net only tmprovo tho aosthot1c appoarnnco of tho wall, but will also provfoe n location for movoment strossos to be relieved. The wall surface at·ova intor1nediate level No. 1 roqu1res no treatment unless the National Park Service desires to havo tho walls cleaned; however, this work woulcl bo very costly. In ordor to maintain o record of changes 1n the crack! 1 n tho oxter1 or wa 11. survey gua90 pins should be fnstalled on sever·al of tho more severe wall cracks. and those should be monitored on a rE~ular basis.

Tempon1ry Structuro:

Beneath the first and second fli~ 1 ht of the ntl\in shaft stair at the lower elevator landing thore nx1st two plywood closets. Cloan1ng supplies, paper supplies, a f1rst-a1d kft ~nd a stretcher are presently stored in the closets. The storage arees do not appear 1n the original design and a re not 1 n keeping w1th the ~'enera 1 appearance of this area. The closets should be removed and thc,ir contents relocated to the intermediate level above. When the closets WE 1re installed, the bras!> handrails which ex1 sted between the northeast, sc1utheast and southwest columns were removed.

Where possible the original handn11s should be reinstalled, and the balance of the miss1nq sections shall be replaced with exact r.op1es to complete the restoration of the spaca. It is reconmended that the Na tional Park Service relocate the photographs, the bench from the Chicago Exposition and a model of tho ship Nfagra to the new Visitors' Center where they could be more appropriately displayed.

Archf tectural Bronze and Brass:

One of t'~e most important finish materials incorporated tn the design of Perry• s Victory and Internatfonal Peace ~emor1a 1 1s the bronze and brass metalwork. The bronze doors, wall plaques, grillos. louvers, ele vator enclosures and light fixtut·e trim and brass handrails in the column are used to conplement stonework in convey1ng an atmosphere of refinement and pormanenca which 1s usually i1.ssociatod wfth memorial architecture.

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Every offort should be rnado to pruserve the bronzo and brass work and.

in doing so, careful cons1dorat1011 must be g1von to the or1g1nal 1ntont of the architects. Thfs typo of rnota lwork may either bo ma1nta1ned wt th a bright high luster f1n1sh or it may be porm1ttod to darken with ago.

There 1s no evidence that any or nll of the metalwork was fntonded by the architects to be kopt 1n a br·!ght high luster stato.

It 1s recomnendcd that ll phflosophy of continuity be followod with regard to the treatment and appearance or all bronze and brass metalwork. This can best ba achieved by permitt1nn a natural patina to occur with ago for all bronza and brasswork. At the present time the uppor and lower elevator enclosures, the handra11i: from tho rotunda to the lower eleva tor landing, tho handrails 1n the lower olevator landing, the 1ns1do face of the south exf t doors to the rotunda, and the fns1do face of tho doors from the upper elevator landing to the observatfon gallery are polished regularly. The remafnfn~1 bronze and bras~ items have been per mitted to achieve a dark natural patina.

All bronze and brasswork must be <leaned 1n order to remove al 1 wax res1duos, d1rt, corrosion 1Jnd chemical deposits. This treatment w111 result in bringing the appearance of all brass and bronze to approxf mately the same brtght luster. Cleaning shall be done with the following m1xture:

1 part distilled water l part denatured alcohol l /2 part concentrated amnor1ium hydroxide enough gilder's whftfng to form a thin paste.

The above mfxture should be applied with clean, soft cloths, followed by a washing with a mild detergont and then rinsed with clear water and buffed dry, Cleaning wfth a proprietary mi.><ture of nitric and sulphuric ac1 ds as reconunended f n the Historic Structures Report ~hould be avof ded if possfble due to tho dangerous ~ealth conditions which can result.

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It is not reco1m1onded that the brass and bronzework be treated with chemtcals 1n order to Accelerate the darkening of the patina, It 1s not possible through a chemtcal treatment to ach1ovo exactly the samo color and mottled appearanco as Is obta1ned by natural oxidation over a period of time. Therefore, after the cleaning procoss 1s complotod, no further care or treatment wfl'l be required. Handrafls and door pulls will take a longor period of time to darken duo t~ contact by peop 1 e; however. they too w111 dt1 rken w1th t 1mo.

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~tfAPTER . .;...;vr..._ ___ ...,co,~L.;;.;.UM.;;.;.N_C~AP_....I rAL, ODSf:R..'l.8.Wl!L.M!JJRli~.P PENTUOUS~

Column CoJ?J t1tl

Tha column capital 1ncludos that portion of tho colunm from the nock1ng or groove which 1s located at the top of tho column shaft to the top of the abacus which 1s formod by tho Observation Gallory parapet wall. During inspection wf th binoculars, ffrst from ground level and then from a hol icopter at the level of tho capital, two primary areas of concern were noted: two of tho face stones of the abacus aro cracked, and a largo area of calcium carbonata with what appears to bo rust-colored sta1n1ng oxists on tho face of the ech1nus, The cracked face stones are located at the northwest corner. The stone on the north s1de of the corner fs cracked from the middle of the top of the stone to the lowor rfght. Tho stone on the wost side of the northwest corner appears to be cracked 1n two locations: a fissure extends from ap proximately one foot below tho top left corner of the stone to about the middle of the top; the second crack arcs from tho mfd·po1nt of the top edge to the r1ght sf de of the bottom edge. Although it cannot be substantiated, the cracks are reported to have teen caused by 11ghtn1ng.

There are two alternative measurEs which can be taken to insure that pieces of these stones do not break off and fall to the plaza below. One approach 1s to core holes througt· tho cracked section of each stone and into the concrete wall. Into thE!Se holes, stafnloss steel anchors and epoxy could be 1nstal led, the holes could be plugQed with granite dutchmen and an appropriate sealant installed in the cracks. A second. and far more desirable, al ternat1vo is tc, cut off the cracked stones and install new ones in their place. The co1·1crote back·up wall, which is actually a reinforced beam, was formed by tf1.e face stones which have dovetail keyways cut vertically into the inner face.