B08-Appendix_I_-_National_Fire_Protection_Association__Standard_1.pdf

NFPA® 1

Fire Code

2015 Edition

NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 An International Codes and Standards Organization

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a V S p S s w t

N a t l d o f C a m c e r c o d a d t p a N U r c n a t

1–1

NFPA and National Fire Pr

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Copyright © 2014 National Fire Protection Association®. All Rights Reserved.

NFPA® 1

Fire Code

2015 Edition

This edition of NFPA 1, Fire Code, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Fire Code nd acted on by NFPA at its June Association Technical Meeting held June 9–12, 2014, in Las egas, NV. It was issued by the Standards Council on August 14, 2014, with an effective date of eptember 3, 2014, and supersedes all previous editions.

An extensive Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA), indicated by boxed notices at the ap-ropriate areas within the document, was issued on August 14, 2014. This TIA implements tandards Council Decision D#14-1 to temporarily withdraw NFPA 1124 and end all NFPA tandards development activities relating to the storage and retail sales of consumer fire-orks. For further information, see Decision D#14-1 at http://www.nfpa.org/sc2014.

For further information on Tentative Interim Amendments, see Section 5 of the Regula-ions Governing the Development of NFPA Standards, available at http://www.nfpa.org/regs.

This edition of NFPA1 was approved as anAmerican National Standard on September 3, 2014.

Origin and Development of NFPA 1 This Code was originally developed as a result of the requests of many members of the ational Fire Protection Association for a document covering all aspects of fire protection nd prevention that used the other developed NFPA codes and standards. NFPA staff initiated his work in 1971 upon a directive from the NFPA Board of Directors.

The original code was written around a format that served as a guide for the development of a ocal fire prevention code. Prerogatives of local officials were excluded from the main text of the ocument but included within appendices as guidance for exercising desired prerogatives.

In the late 1980s, the Fire Marshals Association of North America undertook the task of devel-ping a code that was more self-contained, adding administrative sections and extracting heavily rom other NFPA codes and standards. The draft was submitted to the Fire Prevention Code ommittee. The Committee examined changes in the built environment as it is affected by fire nd incorporated significant portions of the Life Safety Code®. A special task group on hazardous aterials examined technological changes in the handling, storage, and use of flammable and ombustible materials. Chapters extracting hazardous material requirements placed a greater mphasis on protection of life and property from chemical products made and used in the envi-onment. A major rewrite resulted in the 1992 edition of the Fire Prevention Code.

The 1997 edition updated the text extracted from other NFPAcodes and standards and added ompliance with additional NFPA codes and standards as part of the requirements of NFPA 1.

The 2000 edition of NFPA 1 was a complete revision that updated the text extracted from ther NFPA codes and standards. Additional direct references from NFPA codes and stan-ards that are essential to a code official’s use of the document were added. The Committee lso added a new section on performance-based design as a valuable tool for code officials and esign professionals. NFPA 1 was restructured to be more functional with respect to adminis-ration, code enforcement, and regulatory adoption processes.

The 2003 edition of NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code™, was a complete revision. It incorporated rovisions from the Western Fire Chiefs, Uniform Fire Code™, under a partnership between NFPA nd Western Fire Chiefs, while it updated and expanded the provisions extracted from other key FPA codes and standards. To emphasize the partnership, the document was renamed NFPA 1, niform Fire Code™. The Uniform Fire Code is a trademark of the Western Fire Chiefs Association.

NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code™, was restructured into parts to be more compatible with the egulatory adoption procedures, including administration and code enforcement, occupan-ies, processes, equipment, and hazardous materials provisions. The Committee included a ewly expanded chapter on performance-based design as an enhanced tool for code officials nd design professionals. Additional extracts and references from NFPA codes and standards hat are essential to a code official’s use of the document were added, bringing the number of

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otection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.

1–2 FIRE CODE

Copyright 2017 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA®). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on 09/28/2017 to National Park Svc. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA®. For inquiries or to report unauthorized use, contact licensing@nfpa.org. This NFCSS All Access subscription expires on December 1, 2017.

48 2 referenced NFPA codes and standards to over 125. Additional chapters on hazardous materials were included that incorporate the provisions covered in the Uniform Fire Code™.

The 2006 edition of NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code™, was a complete revision of the Code that incorporated the provi-sions from NFPA 230, Standard for the Fire Protection of Storage. The Technical Committee on Uniform Fire Code had been given responsibility for NFPA 230 by the NFPA Standards Council, so they incorporated the requirements into NFPA 1 UFC rather than maintain a separate standard.

The 2006 edition of NFPA 1 included new chapters on classification of occupancy, motion picture studios, outdoor tire storage, and general storage, along with other extracted provisions updated and expanded the from other key NFPA codes and standards that were essential to a code official’s use of the document. The number of NFPA codes and standards referenced in this edition was 117.

With the 2009 edition of NFPA 1, the title of the document was changed from Uniform Fire Code to Fire Code. The revision updated all the extracted provisions from the 117 codes and standards that were included as mandatory reference publications in the 2006 edition. The revisions also included an expansion of Section 12.5 on interior finish to contain extracted provisions from NFPA 101; an expansion of Section 12.6 on furnishings, contents, decorations, and treated fabrics to contain extracted provisions from NFPA 101; a new Section 18.4, which moved fire flow require-ments for buildings from Annex H; a new Section 32.5 for regulating locations for motion picture and television production studios, soundstages, and approved production facilities with extracted provisions from NFPA 140; and new Sections 40.3 through 40.7 on combustible dust explosion protection and fire prevention with extracted provi-sions from NFPA 654. Additional information on hazardous materials classifications was added to Annex B. This revision also added three annexes to the 2009 edition, including Annex O, In-Building Public Safety Radio Enhance-ment Systems; Annex P, Fire Department Service Delivery Concurrency Evaluation; and Annex Q, Fire Fighter Safety Building Marking System. The number of NFPA codes and standards referenced in this edition was 119.

Six annexes published in the 2006 edition were deleted from the 2009 edition, including Annex E, Model Citation Program; Annex F, Model Fees and Charges Program; Annex H, Fire Flow Requirements for Buildings; Annex J, Protection of Outdoor Storage; Annex M, Recommendations for Fighting Rubber Tire Fires in Sprinklered Buildings;

and Annex N, AHJ Minimum Qualifications and Job Descriptions for Code Enforcement Personnel.

The 2012 edition of NFPA 1 included revisions to requirements for the fire code board of appeals (Section 1.10);

certificates of fitness (Section 1.13); application limits of referenced standards (Section 2.1); emergency plan provisions (Section 10.9); prohibited storage of grills on balconies (10.11.6.2); new requirements for standardized elevator keys (11.3.6); new requirements for determination of fire department communication capabilities in buildings and two-way radio communication enhancement systems and deleted formerAnnex O (Section 11.10); medical gas and vacuum systems (Section 11.11); photovoltaic systems (Section 11.12); quality assurance of fire barrier penetrations and joints (12.3.2); and automatic sprinkler system requirement for new buildings three or more stories in height above grade (13.3.2.4). The 2012 edition also relocated former Annex P to the new Chapter 15, Fire Department Service Delivery Concurrency Evaluation;

expanded Chapter 17, Wildland Urban Interface; added a new Chapter 36, Telecommunication Facilities and Information Technology Equipment; added a new Chapter 37, Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems; added requirements for carbon monoxide detection in residential occupancies; relocated former Annex G to the new Chapter 54, Ozone Gas-Generating Equipment; extensively revised Chapter 60, Hazardous Materials, to extract from NFPA 400, Hazardous Materials Code; updated Chapter 66, Flammable and Combustible Liquids, per the current edition of NFPA30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code; revised Chapter 67, Flammable Solids, to reference NFPA400; revised Chapter 68, Highly Toxic and Toxic Solids and Liquids, to reference NFPA 400; completely revised Chapter 70, Oxidizer Solids and Liquids; revised Chapter 71, Pyrophoric Solids and Liquids, to reference NFPA 400; revised Chapter 72, Unstable (Reactive) Solids and Liquids, to reference NFPA 400; added a new Chapter 74, Ammonium Nitrate; added a new Chapter 75, Organic Peroxide Solids and Liquids; deletedAnnex K, Explanation of Rack Storage Test Data and Procedures; deletedAnnex L, Protection of Baled Cotton: History of Guidelines; and updated all extracts through the Annual 2011 revision cycle.

Key revisions for the 2015 edition of NFPA 1 include the prohibition of the use of sky lanterns (10.10.9.3); expanded application of photovoltaic system requirements to existing installations (Section 11.12); AHJ authorization to permit the removal of nonrequired, existing occupant-use hose (13.2.2.6); mandatory automatic sprinkler requirement for all new hotels without exception (13.3.2.15); enhanced attic protection for residential board and care occupancies with residential sprinkler systems (13.3.2.21.2.7); expanded occupancy-based fire alarm system provisions to correlate with NFPA 101 (Section 13.7); new occupant load factor for concentrated business use (14.8.1.2); completely revised fire hydrant location and distribution requirements and deleted former Annex E (Section 18.5); revisions to NFPA 654 extracts for dust explosion prevention (Chapter 40); new hot work permit limits from NFPA 51B (41.3.4.4); expanded existing commercial cooking equipment extinguishing system requirements from NFPA 96 (50.4.4.3.2); expanded ammonia refrigeration system maintenance and testing requirements (Section 53.3); updated hazardous materials maximum allowable quantities from NFPA 400 (60.4.2); new provisions for alcohol-based hand rub dispensers from NFPA 101 (60.5.2); revisions to aerosol product classifications from NFPA 30B (61.1.3); new requirements for cleaning and purging gas piping systems from NFPA 55 (63.3.1.19); new provisions for cooking oil storage tank systems in commercial kitchens from NFPA 30 (66.19.7); and updates of all extracts through the Annual 2014 revision cycle.

NFPA 1 reflects the technical knowledge of the committees who are responsible for the codes and standards that are referenced in and from which text is extracted and incorporated into the technical provisions of NFPA 1. This Code is intended to provide state, county, and local jurisdictions with an effective fire code.

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015 Edition

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1–3COMMITTEE PERSONNEL

Copyright 2017 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA®). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on 09/28/2017 to National Park Svc. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA®. For inquiries or to report unauthorized use, contact licensing@nfpa.org. This NFCSS All Access subscription expires on December 1, 2017.

Technical Committee on Fire Code

Jeffrey P. Collins, Chair Palm Beach County Fire/Rescue, FL [E] Rep. NFPA Fire Service Section cott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District, UT [E] Rep. Western Fire Chiefs Association nthony C. Apfelbeck, Altamonte Springs Building/Fire afety Division, FL [E]

Rep. NFPA Architects, Engineers, & Building Officials Section arl F. Baldassarra, The RJA Group, IL [SE] im Budzinski, Lake Worth, FL [E]

Rep. International Association of Fire Chiefs enneth E. Bush, Maryland State Fire Marshals Office, D [E] ean DeCrane, City of Cleveland-Division of Fire, OH [E] ohn F. Devlin, Aon Fire Protection Engineering orporation, MD [I] . Tom Fangmann, SunCoke Energy, IL [U]

Rep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section eith L. Farmer, The DuPont Company, Inc., DE [U] onald R. Farr, UL LLC, MI [RT] obert Fash, Las Vegas Fire & Rescue, NV [E] am W. Francis, American Wood Council, PA [U] einhard Hanselka, aidi, Inc., FL [SE] ouglas Michael Hipp, Sr., Baltimore City Fire epartment, MD [L]

Rep. International Association of Fire Fighters ichard S. Kraus, API/Petroleum Safety Consultants, A [U]

Rep. American Petroleum Institute Alternates

(Alt. to J. L. (Jim) Tidwell)

Nonvoting

8-9F James K. Lathrop, Koffel Associates, Inc., CT [SE] Vickie J. Lovell, InterCode Incorporated, FL [M]

Rep. Alliance for Fire & Smoke Containment & Control, Inc.

Valeriano F. Martin, County of Maui, HI [E] Rep. Western Fire Chiefs Association

Richard W. Miller, Michigan Department of Fire Services, MI [E]

Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Wayne D. Moore, Hughes Associates, Inc., RI [M]

Rep. Automatic Fire Alarm Association, Inc.

Joseph L. Navarra, Pepco Holdings Inc., DC [U]

Rep. Edison Electric Institute Steven Orlowski, National Association of Home Builders, DC [U]

James S. Peterkin, Heery International, PA [U]

Rep. NFPA Health Care Section John A. Sharry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA [U] Catherine L. Stashak, Office of the Illinois State Fire Marshal, IL [E] J. L. (Jim) Tidwell, Tidwell Code Consulting, TX [M]

Rep. Fire Equipment Manufacturers’ Association Randolph W. Tucker, ccrd partners, TX [SE] Wayne Waggoner, National Fire Sprinkler Association, Inc., TN [M] Peter J. Willse, XL Global Asset Protection Services, CT [I] rent L. Christopherson, Missoula Rural Fire District, T [E]

(Alt. to S. W. Adams) hane M. Clary, Bay Alarm Company, CA [M]

(Alt. to W. D. Moore) obert J. Davidson, Davidson Code Concepts, LLC, C [E]

(Alt. to J. Budzinski) randon C. Ekberg, M+W US, Inc., AZ [SE]

(Alt. to R. Hanselka) arina L. Hart, Koffel Associates, Inc., MD [SE]

(Alt. to J. K. Lathrop) effrey M. Hugo, National Fire Sprinkler Association, nc., MI [M]

(Alt. to W. Waggoner) oy C. Kimball, Brooks Equipment Company, Inc., NC M]

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John Lake, City of Gainesville, FL [E]

(Alt. to J. P. Collins) Scott T. Laramee, Aon Fire Protection Engineering Corporation, CA [I]

(Alt. to J. F. Devlin) Morton L. Myers, City of Chico Fire Department, CA [E]

(Alt. to V. F. Martin) Tony Sanfilippo, Michigan Dept. of Labor & Economic Growth, MI [E]

(Alt. to R. W. Miller) Steven Taulbee, Las Vegas Fire Department, NV [E]

(Alt. to R. Fash) Kenneth Wood, Office of the Illinois State Fire Marshal, IL [E]

(Alt. to C. L. Stashak)

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ohd Moeed Al Arim Al Qahatni, Dar Alkawashif ompany (DACO), Saudi Arabia [SE] ohn E. Chartier, Rhode Island State Fire Marshal, RI [E] Rep. Northeast Regional Fire Code Development Committee ill Galloway, West Florence Fire & Rescue, SC [E] Rep. Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Doug Hohbein, Nebraska State Fire Marshal, NB [E] Rep. North Central Regional Fire Code Development Committee

Kelly Nicolello, Alaska Department of Public Safety, AK [E] Rep. Western Regional Fire Code Development Committee

Walter Smittle, III, Ripley, WV [SE] (Member Emeritus) regory E. Harrington, NFPA Staff Liaison

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1–4 FIRE CODE

2015 Edition

Copyright 2017 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA®). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on 09/28/2017 to National Park Svc. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA®. For inquiries or to report unauthorized use, contact licensing@nfpa.org. This NFCSS All Access subscription expires on December 1, 2017.

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his list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time, hanges in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document.

OTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or ny document developed by the committee on which the member serves.

ommittee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on a Fire Prevention Code hat includes appropriate administrative provisions, to be used with the National Fire Codes for the installation, peration, and maintenance of buildings, structures, and premises for the purpose of providing safety to life and roperty from fire and explosion. This includes development of requirements for, and maintenance of, systems nd equipment for fire control and extinguishment. Safety to life of occupants of buildings and structures is nder the primary jurisdiction of the Committee on Safety to Life.

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1–5CONTENTS

Copyright 2017 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA®). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on 09/28/2017 to National Park Svc. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA®. For inquiries or to report unauthorized use, contact licensing@nfpa.org. This NFCSS All Access subscription expires on December 1, 2017.

Contents

-9 Chapter 1 Administration ................................. 1– 11

1.1 Scope ............................................... 1– 11

1.2 Purpose ............................................ 1– 11

1.3 Application ........................................ 1– 11

1.4 Equivalencies, Alternatives, and

Modifications ..................................... 1– 12

1.5 Units ................................................ 1– 12

1.6 Enforcement ...................................... 1– 12

1.7 Authority .......................................... 1– 12

1.8 Duties and Powers of the Incident

Commander ...................................... 1– 14

1.9 Liability ............................................ 1– 14

1.10 Fire Code Board of Appeals ................... 1– 14

1.11 Records and Reports ............................ 1– 16

1.12 Permits and Approvals .......................... 1– 16

1.13 Certificates of Fitness ........................... 1– 22

1.14 Plan Review ....................................... 1– 23

1.15 Technical Assistance ............................ 1– 23

1.16 Notice of Violations and Penalties ........... 1– 23

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications .................... 1– 24

2.1 General ............................................ 1– 24

2.2 NFPA Publications ............................... 1– 24

2.3 Other Publications .............................. 1– 26

2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory

Sections ............................................ 1– 30

Chapter 3 Definitions ...................................... 1– 30

3.1 General ............................................ 1– 30

3.2 NFPA Official Definitions ...................... 1– 30

3.3 General Definitions ............................. 1– 31

3.4 Special Performance-Based

Definitions ........................................ 1– 48

Chapter 4 General Requirements ....................... 1– 49

4.1 Goals and Objectives ............................ 1– 49

4.2 Assumptions ...................................... 1– 50

4.3 Compliance Options ............................ 1– 50

4.4 Fundamental Requirements .................. 1– 50

4.5 General Requirements ......................... 1– 51

Chapter 5 Performance-Based Option ................. 1– 52

5.1 General ............................................ 1– 52

5.2 Performance Criteria ........................... 1– 54

5.3 Retained Prescriptive Requirements ........ 1– 54

5.4 Design Scenarios ................................ 1– 54

5.5 Evaluation of Proposed Designs ............. 1– 56

5.6 Safety Factors ..................................... 1– 56

5.7 Documentation Requirements ............... 1– 56

Chapter 6 Classification of Occupancy ................ 1– 57

6.1 Classification of Occupancy ................... 1– 57

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Chapter 7 Reserved ........................................ 1– 61

Chapter 8 Reserved ........................................ 1– 61

Chapter 9 Reserved ........................................ 1– 61

Chapter 10 General Safety Requirements ............. 1– 61

10.1 Fundamental Requirements .................. 1– 61

10.2 Owner/Occupant Responsibilities .......... 1– 61

10.3 Occupancy ........................................ 1– 61

10.4 Building Evacuation ............................ 1– 62

10.5 Fire Drills .......................................... 1– 62

10.6 Reporting of Fires and Other

Emergencies ...................................... 1– 62

10.7 Tampering with Fire Safety Equipment .... 1– 62

10.8 Emergency Action Plans ....................... 1– 62

10.9 Smoking ........................................... 1– 63

10.10 Open Flames, Candles, Open Fires, and Incinerators ................................. 1– 63

10.11 Fire Protection Markings ...................... 1– 63

10.12 Seasonal and Vacant Buildings

and Premises ..................................... 1– 64

10.13 Combustible Vegetation ........................ 1– 65

10.14 Special Outdoor Events, Carnivals, and Fairs ........................................... 1– 65

10.15 Outside Storage .................................. 1– 69

10.16 Parade Floats ..................................... 1– 69

10.17 Powered Industrial Trucks .................... 1– 69

10.18 Storage of Combustible Materials ........... 1– 69

10.19 Indoor Children’s Playground

Structures ......................................... 1– 69

Chapter 11 Building Services ............................. 1– 70

11.1 Electrical Fire Safety ............................ 1– 70

11.2 Heating, Ventilation, and

Air-Conditioning ................................ 1– 71

11.3 Elevators, Escalators, and Conveyors ........ 1– 71

11.4 Utilities ............................................. 1– 72

11.5 Heating Appliances ............................. 1– 72

11.6 Waste Chutes, Incinerators, and

Laundry Chutes .................................. 1– 73

11.7 Stationary Generators and Standby

Power Systems .................................... 1– 73

11.8 Smoke Control ................................... 1– 74

11.9 Emergency Command Center ................ 1– 74

11.10 Two-Way Radio Communication

Enhancement Systems .......................... 1– 74

11.11 Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems ........... 1– 75

11.12 Photovoltaic Systems ............................ 1– 75

Chapter 12 Features of Fire Protection ................ 1– 76

12.1 General ............................................ 1– 76

12.2 Construction ...................................... 1– 76

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1–6 FIRE CODE

Copyright 2017 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA®). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on 09/28/2017 to National Park Svc. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA®. For inquiries or to report unauthorized use, contact licensing@nfpa.org. This NFCSS All Access subscription expires on December 1, 2017.

8-

12.3 Fire-Resistive Materials and

Construction ...................................... 1– 76

12.4 Fire Doors and Other Opening

Protectives ......................................... 1– 77

12.5 Interior Finish .................................... 1– 79

12.6 Contents and Furnishings ..................... 1– 82

12.7 Fire Barriers ...................................... 1– 83

12.8 Smoke Partitions ................................. 1– 88

12.9 Smoke Barriers ................................... 1– 89

Chapter 13 Fire Protection Systems .................... 1– 90

13.1 General ............................................ 1– 90

13.2 Standpipe Systems ............................... 1– 91

13.3 Automatic Sprinklers ........................... 1– 91

13.4 Fire Pumps ........................................ 1–105

13.5 Water Supply ...................................... 1–110

13.6 Portable Fire Extinguishers ................... 1–110

13.7 Detection, Alarm, and

Communications Systems ..................... 1–123

13.8 Other Fire Protection Systems ................ 1–176

13.9 Non-Listed Fire Protection or

Suppression Devices and Equipment ........................................ 1–176

Chapter 14 Means of Egress .............................. 1–177

14.1 Application ....................................... 1–177

14.2 Exit Access Corridors ........................... 1–177

14.3 Exits ................................................ 1–177

14.4 Means of Egress Reliability .................... 1–178

14.5 Door Openings .................................. 1–178

14.6 Enclosure and Protection of Stairs .......... 1–182

14.7 Exit Passageways ................................. 1–183

14.8 Capacity of Means of Egress .................. 1–183

14.9 Number of Means of Egress ................... 1–186

14.10 Arrangement of Means of Egress ............ 1–186

14.11 Discharge from Exits ........................... 1–188

14.12 Illumination of Means of Egress ............. 1–189

14.13 Emergency Lighting ............................ 1–190

14.14 Marking of Means of Egress ................... 1–191

14.15 Secondary Means of Escape ................... 1–192

Chapter 15 Fire Department Service Delivery Concurrency Evaluation .................... 1–193

15.1 Application ....................................... 1–193

15.2 Level of Service Objectives .................... 1–193

15.3 Evaluator Qualifications ....................... 1–193

15.4 Fire Department Service Delivery

Concurrency Evaluation Documentation .................................. 1–193

15.5 Independent Review ............................ 1–193

15.6 Approval ........................................... 1–193

Chapter 16 Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations .................................... 1–193

16.1 General Requirements ......................... 1–193

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16.2 Processes and Hazards ......................... 1–193

16.3 Fire Protection ................................... 1–194

16.4 Safeguarding Construction and

Alteration Operations .......................... 1–196

16.5 Fire Safety During Demolition ............... 1–197

16.6 Torch-Applied Roofing Systems .............. 1–197

16.7 Tar Kettles ......................................... 1–197

16.8 Asbestos Removal ................................ 1–198

Chapter 17 Wildland Urban Interface ................. 1–198

17.1 General ............................................ 1–198

17.2 Plans ................................................ 1–200

17.3 Wildland Fire–Prone Areas .................... 1–200

Chapter 18 Fire Department Access and Water Supply .................................. 1–202

18.1 General ............................................ 1–202

18.2 Fire Department Access ........................ 1–202

18.3 Water Supplies ................................... 1–204

18.4 Fire Flow Requirements for Buildings ...... 1–204

18.5 Fire Hydrants ..................................... 1–205

Chapter 19 Combustible Waste and Refuse .......... 1–207

19.1 General ............................................ 1–207

19.2 Combustible Waste and Refuse ............... 1–207

Chapter 20 Occupancy Fire Safety ...................... 1–208

20.1 Assembly Occupancies ......................... 1–208

20.2 Educational Occupancies ..................... 1–213

20.3 Day-Care Occupancies ......................... 1–214

20.4 Health Care Occupancies ..................... 1–216

20.5 Residential Board and Care

Occupancies ...................................... 1–219

20.6 Ambulatory Health Care Centers ............ 1–221

20.7 Detention and Correctional

Occupancies ...................................... 1–222

20.8 Hotels and Dormitories ........................ 1–224

20.9 Apartment Buildings ........................... 1–225

20.10 Lodging or Rooming Houses ................. 1–225

20.11 One- and Two-Family Dwellings and

Manufactured Housing ........................ 1–225

20.12 Mercantile Occupancies ....................... 1–226

20.13 Business Occupancies .......................... 1–226

20.14 Industrial Occupancies ........................ 1–226

20.15 Storage Occupancies ........................... 1–226

20.16 Special Structures and High-Rise

Buildings .......................................... 1–227

20.17 Historic Buildings and Cultural

Resources .......................................... 1–227

Chapter 21 Airports and Heliports ..................... 1–228

21.1 Hangars ............................................ 1–228

21.2 Terminals .......................................... 1–228

21.3 Rooftop Heliport Construction

and Protection ................................... 1–230

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1–7CONTENTS

Copyright 2017 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA®). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on 09/28/2017 to National Park Svc. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA®. For inquiries or to report unauthorized use, contact licensing@nfpa.org. This NFCSS All Access subscription expires on December 1, 2017.

4 -9 Chapter 22 Automobile Wrecking Yards ............... 1–232

22.1 General ............................................ 1–232

22.2 Permits ............................................. 1–232

22.3 Fire Department Access Roads ............... 1–232

22.4 Welding and Cutting ............................ 1–232

22.5 Housekeeping .................................... 1–232

22.6 Fire Extinguishers ............................... 1–232

22.7 Tire Storage ....................................... 1–232

22.8 Burning Operations ............................ 1–232

22.9 Motor Vehicle Fluids and

Hazardous Materials ............................ 1–232

Chapter 23 Cleanrooms ................................... 1–232

23.1 General ............................................ 1–232

23.2 Applicability ...................................... 1–232

23.3 Permits ............................................. 1–233

Chapter 24 Drycleaning ................................... 1–233

24.1 General ............................................ 1–233

24.2 Permits ............................................. 1–233

Chapter 25 Grandstands and Bleachers, Folding and Telescopic Seating, Tents, and Membrane Structures ...................................... 1–233

25.1 General ............................................ 1–233

25.2 Tents ................................................ 1–234

25.3 Grandstands ...................................... 1–235

25.4 Folding and Telescopic Seating .............. 1–236

25.5 Permanent Membrane Structures ........... 1–237

25.6 Temporary Membrane Structures ........... 1–238

Chapter 26 Laboratories Using Chemicals ............ 1–239

26.1 General ............................................ 1–239

26.2 Permits ............................................. 1–239

Chapter 27 Manufactured Home and Recreational Vehicle Sites ................. 1–239

27.1 General ............................................ 1–239

27.2 Manufactured Home Sites .................... 1–240

27.3 Recreational Vehicle Parks

and Campgrounds .............................. 1–240

Chapter 28 Marinas, Boatyards, Marine Terminals, Piers, and Wharves ........... 1–240

28.1 Marinas, Boatyards, and Other

Recreational Marine Facilities ................ 1–240

28.2 Marine Terminals, Piers, and Wharves ..... 1–243

28.3 Construction, Conversion, Repair, and

Lay-Up of Vessels ................................. 1–243

Chapter 29 Parking Garages ............................. 1–243

29.1 General ............................................ 1–243

Chapter 30 Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages ......................... 1–243

30.1 Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities ............. 1–243

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30.2 Repair Garages ................................... 1–244

30.3 Operational Requirements .................... 1–246

Chapter 31 Forest Products .............................. 1–246

31.1 General ............................................ 1–246

31.2 Permits ............................................. 1–246

31.3 Protection of Storage of Forest

Products ........................................... 1–246

Chapter 32 Motion Picture and Television Production Studio Soundstages and Approved Production Facilities ....................................... 1–250

32.1 General ............................................ 1–250

32.2 Permits ............................................. 1–250

32.3 Housekeeping .................................... 1–250

32.4 Soundstages and Approved

Production Facilities ............................ 1–250

32.5 Production Locations .......................... 1–252

32.6 Operating Features ............................. 1–253

Chapter 33 Outside Storage of Tires ................... 1–253

33.1 General ............................................ 1–253

33.2 Individual Piles ................................... 1–253

33.3 Emergency Response Plan .................... 1–254

33.4 Fire Control Measures .......................... 1–254

33.5 Site Access ......................................... 1–254

33.6 Signs and Security ............................... 1–254

33.7 Outdoor Storage of Altered

Tire Material ...................................... 1–254

Chapter 34 General Storage .............................. 1–254

34.1 General ............................................ 1–254

34.2 Classification of Commodities ................ 1–255

34.3 Building Construction ......................... 1–256

34.4 Storage Arrangement ........................... 1–256

34.5 General Fire Protection ........................ 1–257

34.6 Building Equipment, Maintenance, and Operations .................................. 1–258

34.7 Protection of Rack Storage .................... 1–258

34.8 Protection of Rubber Tires .................... 1–259

34.9 Protection of Roll Paper ....................... 1–259

34.10 Storage of Idle Pallets .......................... 1–259

Chapter 35 Reserved ....................................... 1–260

Chapter 36 Telecommunication Facilities and Information Technology Equipment .................................... 1–260

36.1 General ............................................ 1–260

Chapter 37 Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems ..................... 1–260

37.1 General ............................................ 1–260

1–8 FIRE CODE

Copyright 2017 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA®). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on 09/28/2017 to National Park Svc. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA®. For inquiries or to report unauthorized use, contact licensing@nfpa.org. This NFCSS All Access subscription expires on December 1, 2017.

8- Chapter 38 Reserved ....................................... 1–260

Chapter 39 Reserved ....................................... 1–260

Chapter 40 Dust Explosion and Fire Prevention .... 1–260

40.1 General ............................................ 1–260

40.2 Permits ............................................. 1–260

40.3 Fugitive Dust Control and

Housekeeping .................................... 1–260

40.4 Ignition Sources ................................. 1–261

40.5 Fire Protection ................................... 1–263

40.6 Training and Procedures ...................... 1–265

40.7 Inspection and Maintenance ................. 1–265

Chapter 41 Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work ...................................... 1–266

41.1 General ............................................ 1–266

41.2 Responsibility for Hot Work .................. 1–266

41.3 Fire Prevention Precautions .................. 1–267

41.4 Sole Proprietors and Individual

Operators ......................................... 1–269

41.5 Public Exhibitions and

Demonstrations .................................. 1–269

41.6 Arc Welding Equipment ....................... 1–269

Chapter 42 Refueling ...................................... 1–270

42.1 General ............................................ 1–270

42.2 Automotive Fuel Servicing .................... 1–270

42.3 Storage of Liquids ............................... 1–270

42.4 Piping for Liquids ............................... 1–274

42.5 Fuel Dispensing Systems ....................... 1–274

42.6 Building Construction Requirements ...... 1–276

42.7 Operational Requirements .................... 1–276

42.8 Additional Requirements for CNG, LNG, Hydrogen, and LPG .................... 1–278

42.9 Marine Fueling ................................... 1–279

42.10 Aircraft Fuel Servicing .......................... 1–282

42.11 Alternate Fuels ................................... 1–289

Chapter 43 Spraying, Dipping, and Coating Using Flammable or Combustible Materials ..................... 1–290

43.1 Application ....................................... 1–290

43.2 Automated Electrostatic Spray

Equipment ........................................ 1–303

43.3 Handheld Electrostatic Spray

Equipment ........................................ 1–303

43.4 Drying, Curing, or Fusion Processes ........ 1–303

43.5 Miscellaneous Spray Operations ............. 1–303

43.6 Powder Coating .................................. 1–304

43.7 Organic Peroxides and Plural

Component Coatings ........................... 1–304

43.8 Styrene Cross-Linked Composites

Manufacturing (Glass Fiber–Reinforced Plastics) .................... 1–305

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43.9 Dipping, Coating, and Printing

Processes .......................................... 1–305

43.10 Training ........................................... 1–306

Chapter 44 Solvent Extraction ........................... 1–306

44.1 General ............................................ 1–306

44.2 Application ....................................... 1–306

44.3 Permits ............................................. 1–306

44.4 Special Requirements .......................... 1–306

Chapter 45 Combustible Fibers ......................... 1–306

45.1 General ............................................ 1–306

45.2 Electrical Wiring ................................. 1–306

45.3 No Smoking ...................................... 1–306

45.4 Vehicles and Material Handling

Equipment ........................................ 1–306

45.5 Loose Storage of Combustible Fibers ....... 1–306

45.6 Baled Storage ..................................... 1–307

45.7 Storage of Hay, Straw, and Other

Similar Agricultural Products ................. 1–307

45.8 Hazardous Materials ............................ 1–307

Chapter 46 Reserved ....................................... 1–307

Chapter 47 Reserved ....................................... 1–307

Chapter 48 Reserved ....................................... 1–307

Chapter 49 Reserved ....................................... 1–307

Chapter 50 Commercial Cooking ....................... 1–307

50.1 Application ....................................... 1–307

50.2 General Requirements ......................... 1–308

50.3 Protection of Coverings and

Enclosure Materials .......