Attachment16_HAVO_Editorial_Style_Guide.pdf

Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park Style Guide

1 Last updated July 12, 2021

General rules Always use Harpers Ferry Center (HFC) style guide for National Park Service (NPS) specific terminology and other general guidelines for exhibits and signage. This style guide is based on Chicago Manual of Style. For news releases, social media, and other public affairs-related content, use Associated Press Style as directed by the NPS Guide to Public Affairs. Consult your supervisor if you are unsure what style you should be using when there’s a difference.

Park name Always use “Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park,” do not shorten to “Volcanoes National Park,” always capitalize, don’t use “The” before park title. On second reference, it is suitable to use “Hawai‘i Volcanoes” or “the park.” Always include the ‘okina in Hawai‘i (see Hawaiian diacritical section below).

Official Names Bookmark the U.S. Geological Survey’s Geographic Names Index (GNIS) for additional cross referencing. https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=138:1:5740624549666.

Hawaiian fonts (diacritical), ‘okina and kahakō It’s important to use and spell Hawaiian words correctly! A nene is different than a nēnē, and so forth. Do not use diacriticals in English versions of Hawaiian words, for instance, there is no “s” in the Hawaiian alphabet. It’s “Hawaiians,” not “Hawai‘ians.” Avoid using an “s” in Hawaiian words if possible: Kīlauea volcano’s eruption vs: Kīlauea’s eruption.

Note that the ‘okina is considered the 13th letter in the Hawaiian alphabet according to some sources.

Make sure ‘okina look like a tiny backwards “6” with its belly filled in: ‘ The kahakō (or macron) for caps and lowercase:

Ā ā Ē ē Ī ī Ō ō Ū ū Contact IT for help in downloading a Hawaiian fonts package for your computer. If you don’t have Admin rights, they will have to do it for you.

The use of Hawaiian characters in web pages is required. In the past it was necessary to use html code to properly render them. Modern web browsers will render characters generated from Hawaiian keyboard in most cases. In the event they do not, the use of html may be required. These are the codes for rendering diacritical marks in Hawaiian words:

ʻ — ʻokina or glottal stop Ā — Ā ā — ā Ē — Ē ē — ē

Attachment 16 HAVO Editorial Style Guide https://www.nps.gov/subjects/hfc/upload/HFC-2018-Style-Guide.pdf https://www.apstylebook.com/ https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=138:1:5740624549666

2 Last updated July 12, 2021

Ī — Ī ī — ī Ō — Ō ō — ō Ū — Ū ū — ū

Hawaiian alphabet – only 12 letters and the ‘okina Vowels: a, e, i, o, u Consonants: h, k, l, m, n, p, w, ‘

Hawaiian Dictionary and Place Names Online http://wehewehe.org/

Metric and Imperial When using distances, lengths, weights, use both imperial and metric (we’re a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve with many international visitors).

Attributions See HFC Style guide. When using block quotes use this method:

“I hiked Kīpukapuaulu and it was incredible.”

- Name, profession (or Title), Source in italics, date

Always use name. If applicable, provide profession, source, date but in that order.

Dates – Use Associated Press Style for News Releases, Social Media:

Capitalize the names of months in all uses. When a month is used with a specific date, abbreviate only Jan., Feb., Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov. and Dec. Spell out when using alone, or with a year alone. Spell out the days of the week.

When a phrase lists only a month and a year, do not separate the year with commas.

When a phrase refers to a month, day and year, set off the year with commas.

EXAMPLES: January 2016 was a cold month. Jan. 2 was the coldest day of the month. His birthday is May 8. Feb. 14, 2013, was the target date. She testified that it was Friday, Dec. 3, when the crash occurred.

Dates – Use Harpers Ferry Center style for exhibits, signage, brochures, superintendent memos and other written communications and spell out the date fully. Example: “On December 7, 1941, Japanese bombers struck Pearl Harbor. Five companies garrisoned Fort Sumter in June 1863.”

Capitalizations Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park

Capitalize http://wehewehe.org/

3 Last updated July 12, 2021

Find Your Park Capitalize each word of the NPS Centennial “evergreen” tagline

Friends of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park

Friends or FHVNP acceptable on second reference. One of our non-profit partners.

Hawai‘i Pacific Parks Association

HPPA acceptable on second reference. One of our non-profit partners.

International Biosphere Reserve

Capitalize all three words. Biosphere Reserve also acceptable.

native Do not capitalize unless it precedes Hawaiian or begins a sentence.

Native Hawaiian Capitalize ‘ōhelo Lowercase species’ names unless they begin a sentence.

Pacific Ocean Capitalize park Do not capitalize unless as part of “Hawai‘i Volcanoes

National Park” or other park titles, or it begins a sentence.

ranger Do not capitalize unless it begins a sentence or is used preceding a name, i..e. “Ranger Keoki.” Do not use adjectives such as “friendly” or “helpful.”

Rapid ‘Ōhi‘a Death Spell out. ROD is acceptable on second reference.

specific place names Capitalize specific building names Capitalize superintendent Lowercase unless used before a proper name.

Superintendent Jones is retiring; an acting superintendent will be named soon.

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization – UNESCO is acceptable on first reference

UNESCO World Heritage Site

Capitalize all three words in World Heritage Site visitor center Do not capitalize unless as a proper noun such as “”Kīlauea Visitor Center,” or used in a title.

Building and Office Names coast ranger station Not “Coastal.” Not official, don’t capitalize.

entrance station Avoid using the unfriendly word “gate.”

Jaggar Museum Not “Jagger,” a common mistake!

Kilauea Military Camp KMC does not use the kahakō in Kīlauea.

Kīlauea Visitor Center Do not use “the” Kīlauea Visitor Center.

Kahuku Visitor Contact Station Refers to the Kahuku visitor contact station, an official park name.

‘Ōhi‘a Wing Also known as the 1932 Administration

Building.

Visitor Emergency Operations Center VEOC is acceptable on second reference.

Volcano House Refers to the hotel. No need to use “sm” mark.

4 Last updated July 12, 2021

Volcano Art Center Gallery The gallery is in the park, Volcano Art Center is at Niaulani Campus.

Common Geologic Terms ‘a‘ā Rough, crumbly lava form. If spelled ‘ā‘ā, it means dumb or confused.

kīpuka “island” of vegetation surrounded by lava pali cliff pāhoehoe smooth, ropy form of lava

Place & People Names ‘Āinahou Ranch

‘Āinapō Trail There is more than one ‘Āinapō Trail; there is also the Kahuku- ‘Āinapō Trail.

Akanikōlea* A little high place past Keanakākoʻi

‘Akihi Summit in Kahuku

Alanui Kahiko Pullout down Chain of Craters Road showing old lava-covered road and lava flows down the pali

‘Āpua Point

Chain of Craters Road

Not “the” Chain of Craters Road

Chain of Craters- Kalapana Road

Use the proper name for the gravel emergency access route.

Crater Rim Drive & Old Crater Rim Drive

Not “the” Crater Rim Drive Old Crater Rim Drive refers to the stretch of road leading to Keanakāko‘i that is open to pedestrians and closed to vehicles.

Devastation Trail Also, Devastation parking area and trailhead Dr. Thomas A.

Jaggar Dr. Jaggar on second reference

Use when referring to the founder of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory

East Rift Forest SEA Special Ecological Area East Rift Zone Official name, capitalize Great Crack Official name of newly acquired parcel of land in Southwest

Rift Zone of Kīlauea.

Haʻakulamanu* Formerly known as Sulphur Banks Hakālau Forest National Wildlife Refuge Halapē And Halapē Iki Hale o Kīlauea Traditional thatched hale near the pa hula Hālona Kahakai

5 Last updated July 12, 2021

Halema‘uma‘u “crater” is not part of the summit crater’s official name Hawaii National Park

This is the “city” for our postal address, and our original place name before Haleakalā became its own park. The post office does not use the ‘okina, thus we do not in this case.

Hiʻiaka* Formerly known as Hiʻiaka Crater Hi‘iakaikapoliopele Pele’s younger sister. Hi‘iaka is also acceptable.

Hilina Pali Road/Overlook

No diacriticals

Hōlei Pali Also, Hōlei Sea Arch and Hōlei Sea Arch Overlook Hualālai Active volcano ‘Iliahi Trail Not Sandalwood Trail Ka‘aha Kahauale‘a Natural Area Reserve

State land bordering the park

Kahue Kahuku Unit Kahuku is acceptable on second reference Kahuku pit crater Pit crater is not capitalized Kalapana Extension The area in the park where Native Hawaiians practice traditional subsistence and cultural rights, managed by the park under federal law. Extension is capitalized.

Kaluapele* Kīlauea crater Kālu‘e/Kālu‘e Point The coastal area near Ka‘aha. Commonly misspelled.

Kalapana

Kamoamoa Fissure eruption site from 2011, former beach overcome with lava in 1990s.

Kapāpala Ranch and Kapāpala Forest Reserve

Remember the kahakō

Ka‘ū, Ka‘ū District, and Ka‘ū Forest Reserve

Ka‘ū Desert Trail Not Footprints Trail. But Footprints shelter or Footprints area are acceptable. Footprints is capitalized, shelter and area are not.

Ka‘ū Preserve The Nature Conservancy (TNC) land

Keaiwa Official name is Great Crack. Supposed to use official name, but known locally as Keaiwa.

Kealakomo and Kealakomowaena

Keanakāko‘i Keauhou Ranch

Kīlauea It’s acceptable to use volcano after Kīlauea on first reference Kīlauea Field Station A USGS facility Kīlauea Iki, Kīlauea Iki Trail

6 Last updated July 12, 2021

Kilauea Military Camp

No kahakō for KMC

Kīlauea Visitor Center

Use kahakō even though the signs on the building don’t have it.

Kīpahoehoe Natural Area Reserve

State land

Kīpukakahaliʻi Kīpukakī Kīpuka Nēnē Campground (closed)

Kīpukapuaulu Not “Bird Park” Kīpukapuaulu Trail Not Bird Park Trail Koa Unit ‘Ōla‘a Forest Kona and Kona District

Note: Kona is not a city; Kailua or Kailua-Kona is the city

Kona Hema Preserve

The Nature Conservancy Land

Kūkamāhuākea* Steaming flat Kūlani Kulanaokuaiki Campground

No Hawaiian diacriticals

Kūpa‘ianahā and Kūpa‘ianahā vent

Which vent depends on the context

Kūpinaʻi Pali Waldron Ledge Lae ‘Aupuki An ‘ahupua‘a Luamanu A crater on Chain of Craters Road. Do not capitalize crater Makaopuhi A crater in the East Rift Zone of Kīlauea. Do not capitalize crater Māmalahoa Highway

Highway 11

Mānuka Natural Area Reserve

State land

Mau Loa o Maunaulu*

Backcountry trailhead off Chain of Craters Road

Mauna Iki Mauna Loa Road Not “Strip Road” Mauna Loa Trail and Mauna Loa Cabin

Official names

Maunaulu and Maunaulu eruption

Don’t capitalize eruption.

Moku‘āweoweo* Summit crater of Mauna Loa. Use by itself, or with crater or caldera in lower case.

Muliwai a Pele Nā‘ālehu Town Nāhuku* Formerly known as Thurston Lava Tube Nāmakanipaio Campground

If referring to the campground, capitalize Campground as part of the formal name. Do not capitalize campground if used by itself.

7 Last updated July 12, 2021

Nāpau and Nāpau crater

Lowercase crater

Nāulu* Trail and forested area on Kīlauea ‘Ōla‘a Forest Drop the “Unit,” this section of forest land was acquired by the park in 195 ‘Ōla‘a Forest Reserve

State land

‘Ōla‘a Forest, Large Tract

The bigger section of ‘Ōla‘a

Old Crater Rim Drive

Unofficial; refers to the portion of road that leads out to Keanakāko‘i and is closed to vehicles.

pa hula The hula platform west of Kīlauea Visitor Center near the hale meant for kahiko, traditional hula. Also known as Kahua Hula parking lot Lower case, even when following a place: “Devastation Trail parking lot”

Pauahi A crater on Chain of Craters Road, do not capitalize crater

Pelehonuamea The Hawaiian volcano deity, whose home is within Halema‘uma‘u Crater. Pele is also acceptable.

Pepeiao Cabin No Hawaiian diacritical marks.

Pōhue Bay Part of proposed boundary addition below Kahuku.

Pōhakuloa Training Area

Military training area between Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea outside the park off of Daniel K. Inouye Highway.

Puhimau and Puhimau crater

Do not capitalize crater

Pu‘uhuluhulu* Translates to “hairy hill” Pu‘uloa* and Puʻuloa Petroglyphs

Translates to “hill of long life”

Puʻukūlua* On Mauna Loa Pu‘u o Lokuana The “o” separating the words is lowercase.

Pu‘u Maka‘ala Natural Area Reserve

State land

Pu‘u‘ō‘ō* The vent in the East Rift Zone no longer erupting, also a state trail off the Daniel K. Inouye Highway, aka “Saddle Road.”

Puʻupuaʻi* and Puʻupuaʻi Overlook*

The reddish cindercone in Kīlauea Iki

Pu‘u‘ula‘ula The Hawaiian place name for Red Hill. It is one word with three ‘okina.

Southwest Rift Zone Capitalize Sulphur Banks Trail Spell sulfur with an “f” when referring to the gas, but not in the place name. Use Haʻakulamanu when refering to the area.

Thomas Vint-designed Observation Building

The National Register Nomination says this is called the “Observation Building” and is listed that way on original plans.

This is the one at the top of Mauna Loa Road.

8 Last updated July 12, 2021

Tree Molds On Mauna Loa Road Upper Glover Kahuku Unit Upper Waiākea Forest Reserve

State land

Uēaloha Byron Ledge Uēkahuna* No longer Uēkahuna Bluff with a capital B; refer to the former

Jaggar Museum area as Uēkahuna or Uēkahuna bluff U.S.Geological

Survey Hawaiian Volcano

Observatory or USGS Hawaiian

Volcano Observatory

Second reference USGS HVO

Volcano House No need to use the SM mark Volcano or Volcano Village

Although it’s not an official GNIS name, using “Village” after Volcano prevents confusion.

Wahinekapu* Formerly known as Steaming Bluff Waiākea Forest Reserve

State land, not to be confused with Upper Waiākea Forest Reserve.

Volunteers-in-Parks Use the NPS official name when talking about the program;

VIP on second reference is fine. NPS volunteer is also acceptable.

Youth Ranger Program

Capitalize formal name of program; lower case youth rangers unless the title precedes a name, i.e. Youth Ranger Duncan.

Plants & Animals ‘a‘ali‘i plant ‘āhinahina plant - silversword ‘alahe‘e plant ‘alawī bird – Hawaiian name recently rediscovered by Noah Gomes ‘ākia plant ‘akiapōlā‘au bird ‘amakihi bird ‘apapane bird ‘elepaio bird hāhā plant hapu‘u plant hau kuahiwi plant Hawai‘i ‘akepa Use Hawai‘i as part of bird’s name honu animal – green sea turtle honu ‘ea Hawksbill sea turtle ‘i‘iwi bird ‘iliahi plant - sandalwood ‘ilio holo i ka uaua Hawaiian monk seal ‘io Hawaiian hawk kauila plant ka‘ūpūlehu plant

9 Last updated July 12, 2021 kāwa‘u plant koa plant kōlea Migratory golden plover - bird ko‘oko‘olau plant lama plant māmaki plant māmane plant mānele plant na‘ena‘e plant naio plant naupaka plant nēnē bird ‘oha plant ‘ōhelo plant ‘ōhi‘a and ‘ōhi‘a lehua plant

‘ōlapa plant ‘ōma‘ō bird ‘ōpe‘ape‘a Hawaiian hoary bat pueo Hawaiian short-eared owl pūkiawe plant ‘u‘au Hawaiian petrel uhiuhi plant ‘ūlei plant uluhe plant

Punctuation Commas In a series of three or more items, separate the items with commas A, B, conjunction C (i.e. use oxford comma). Use a comma before a conjunction that joins two independent clauses (and, but, or, as). Unless needed for clarity, omit comma after short introductory phrases.

Semicolons As per the Chicago Manual of Style “use semicolons to separate the items in a series if one or more includes commas.”

Contractions

Contractions are generally acceptable but try to avoid using contractions for is, was, or has.

Ellipsis Use 4 dots at end of sentence and 3 in other cases. See HFC style guide for details on how to handle ellipsis.

Dash

Use sparingly. Em dash used to indicate a sudden change in thought or to add emphasis. No spaces before and after em dash. Example: “The lower-but-longer route”.

Slash Do not use slash “/” in exhibit text.

Numbers Numbers under 10 Spell out.

Numbers 10 and over Use numerals.

Numerals with commas, i.e.-- 1,700 men Numbers of 4 digits or more, use comma.

10 Last updated July 12, 2021

Numbers with fractions For signs, maps etc., write out one-half, do not use “1/2,” do not use superscript “½”. For news releases and other public affairs content, use AP Style and use numerals: 1/2, 5 1/2 with a space between whole number and fraction.

Monetary amounts - use “$” and numbers to denote dollars as in $400,000,000

Do not write out “dollars” or mix numbers and words as in “400 million dollars”.

Using distance = 12 feet, six meters; 32 miles, 54 kilometers

Do not use 12’, do not abbreviate in., mi., km.

1900s No apostrophe.

1st , 2nd, etc. No superscript.

Dates 1897-98 Always two digits in second number captions. Exception: write out 1897- 1898 in titles, do not use “/” between years.

Other Examples Instruction/Specific Example Notes

Backcountry and frontcountry One word.

National Park Service As per HFC, do not shorten to NPS, do not use as a possessive such as “National Park Service’s”.

ca.1924 No space after dot, not “c.”, not “about”.

Directions north, south, east, west, northern, southern, eastern, western. Lowercase compass directions; minimize use of capital letters except for specific regions (or popular place names).

handmade No hyphen.

cultural practitioner Not “cultural expert.” Check with the person for their preferred reference.

interisland One word.

Scientific names (plants or animals) Genus capitalized but species lower case and both in italics. No italics and no caps in common or Hawaiian names. Use Hawaiian names if we know them. Examples:

nēnē (Branta sandvicensis) hāpu‘u pulu (Cibotium glaucum) honu‘ea (Eretmochelys imbricata) tradewinds One word.

United States Can use U.S. but with periods, only as modifier.

Photo Credits Unless legally required, avoid photo credits within exhibits. If required, use the following format credit line - Name of photographer, artist, or creator should be in all caps and

11 Last updated July 12, 2021 small type size (4 to 5 pt. depending on the medial.) Place credit so it is not mistaken as a caption or interpretive text (See further details in HFC style guide link above).

All photos should include credits within the Comprehensive Exhibit Plan for reference and visitor questions. Please use the following standard citation for HAVO photos:

National Park Service, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park, XXXXXXX Collection, HAVO 58XXX. Gift of the XXXXXXXXXXXXX.

The park will provide photo credits for HAVO photos if not already provided.

Photo Cataloging on S Drive and elsewhere Save your photos with file names that are easily understood and searchable by all, in this format:

Park acronym_datetaken_topic_photographer.jpg (or .tiff). This will make organizing photos much easier:

HAVO_20190204_SulphurBanks_J.Wei.jpg

Photo credit style for news releases, event flyers and social media NPS Photo/A.LaValle (full name is also acceptable).

USGS Photo Photo courtesy of Edith Kanaka‘ole Foundation

Photo credit style on museum collections for social media** For photographs of 3D objects like a lava tree mold, use NPS Photo/catalog number:

NPS Photo, HAVO 319

For photographs from the parkʻs image library like Amelia Earhart posed at Halemaʻumaʻu, use NPS Photo/[catalog number][collection title][collection organization][image number]:

NPS Photo/HAVO17707 Image Collection, Box 12, Folder 3; Image 0014

Captions Captions or labels forming clauses (complete sentences) or phrases (incomplete sentences) end with a period.

Chronology or timeline format Begin with initial cap and end with period—even if entry is a sentence fragment. Write in present tense.

copyright symbol usage © Copyright usage has precise, legal regulations. Always verify with source of the image about the use of the copyright symbol ©. For more information check the Library of Congress, U.S. Copyright Office website: www.copyright.gov.

*Updated in Hawaiian Geographic Names, March 2021 ** Per Museum Technician Coquelicot Shirey March 2021 http://www.copyright.gov/

12 Last updated July 12, 2021