SUBMITTED TO:

R I C H A R D G R U B B & A S S O C I A T E S

Gannett Fleming Valley Forge Corporate Center Audubon, Pennsylvania 19403

November 16, 2022 (Revised March 4, 2025; Revised February 26, 2026)

UNANTICIPATED DISCOVERY PROTOCOL

FOR HUMAN REMAINS

30TH TO K OVERHEAD CONTACT SYSTEM

AND STRUCTURES REPLACEMENT

PROJECT

City of Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania

1.0 Introduction

This Unanticipated Discovery Protocol (UDP) for human remains has been prepared by Richard Grubb & Associates, Inc. (RGA) on behalf of Gannett Fleming and SEPTA in advance of the replacement of the Overhead Contact System (OCS) and Structures Replacement Project between the interface at K Interlocking and Zoo Interlocking in the City of Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania (Appendix A: Figures 1-3, 4a-4c). The project consists of the replacement of approximately 306 catenary poles (i.e., 257 foundations during Phase IA and 49 foundations during Phase IB), approximately 1.6 miles of track, and timber retaining walls; the installation of guy wire caisson structures, approximately 1,900 linear feet of new duct banks, concrete bulkhead at the southern end of Powelton Yard, and electrical cable; drainage and stormwater improvements; and slope stabilization between 30th Street Station and the interface at K Interlocking and Zoo Interlocking. Of the 306 catenary poles, approximately 95 foundations are located in areas that necessitate archaeological monitoring. The purpose of the project is to address facility deficiencies and to provide for anticipated future electrical power and infrastructure needs.

This document was prepared to provide guidance to project construction personnel pursuant to consultation with the Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Office (PA SHPO) and recommendations set forth in a Phase IA archaeological survey, under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, and the Pennsylvania Historical Burial Places Preservation Act of 1994. The document is further necessary to establish a protocol for the identification of human remains, if present, that fall under the jurisdiction of the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas per the 1994 Pennsylvania Historic Burial Places Preservation Act (P.L. 141, No. 22, CL 37). SEPTA’s OCS replacement project is located within the boundary of several National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)-eligible and NRHP-listed properties, including 30th Street Station (Key No. 001480; NRHP:

2/7/1978) and the NRHP-eligible Pennsylvania Railroad: Station (30th Street) (Boundary Increase) (Resource ID# 2005RE00246), the NRHP-eligible Pennsylvania Railroad: Main Line (Philadelphia to New York) (Resource ID# 1994RE01403), and the NRHP-eligible Pennsylvania Railroad: Main Line (Philadelphia to Harrisburg) (Key No. 105675; SHPO Opinion: 6/25/2018). Additionally, the former Friends (Upper) Burial Ground (also known as the Blockley Burial Ground) is partially located within the southern part of the railroad right-of-way, and likely extends into the Area of Potential Effects (APE) for the undertaking. The burial ground was used by the Society of Friends Meeting, possibly as early as the late seventeenth century and was later used as a municipal potters’ field from 1816-1851.

Archaeological monitoring of construction-related trenching and mechanical augering will be conducted within specified areas designated with high sensitivity for the presence of historic archaeological resources and human remains based on a protocol dated September 23, 2022 (see Appendix A: Figures 3 and 4a-4c). It is also possible that unanticipated articulated human remains in burials or disarticulated human remains are present elsewhere in the project location that fall outside of the areas of required archaeological monitoring that may necessitate additional documentation and recovery. This UDP provides photographic examples of human remains, coffin hardware, and burial shaft features that may be present outside of the areas of required archaeological monitoring and may be encountered by construction personnel during construction-related excavations as well as the protocol to be followed should such resources be identified.

This UDP pertains to SEPTA, the Contractor, and their subcontractors, material suppliers, equipment suppliers, and all individuals and companies associated with the Contractor’s performance of the project, hereafter referred to collectively as the Contractor.

2.0 Qualified Personnel

In the event that the Contractor identifies human remains and/or grave material, an archaeological monitor may be required to document and recover the remains and/or grave materials in a manner that meets the procedures similar to those outlined in the aforementioned September 23, 2022, archaeological monitoring protocol, provided such remains are accessible. Deep caisson drilling may unearth buried human remains that are unable to be adequately removed archaeologically. The on-site archaeologist must meet the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards for Archaeology (36 CFR 61) and have experience performing archaeological monitoring and documentation of human remains.

3.0 Identification of Human Remains

Human remains may date to the historic period associated with the known cemetery. The possibility also exists for undocumented pre-Contact period Native American burials associated with indigenous settlement of the landscape. When found below ground, such remains are considered to be archaeological resources. Examples of human remains and grave goods are presented below as bullet points and photographs of such examples are provided in Appendix B.

• Human skeletal remains, including complete skeletons, individual bones, groups of bones, bone fragments, dental fragments (i.e., teeth), etc. (see Appendix B: Plates 1-3).

• Small nails, metal handles, metal hinges, and/or pieces of wood indicative of the presence of a coffin (see Appendix B: Plates 4-7).

• Grave goods, such as leather shoes, buttons, and shroud pins (see Appendix B: Plates 8-10) and/or Native American funerary offerings like projectile points, clay pipes, stone gorgets, or shell beads (see Appendix B: Plates 11-14).

• Pieces of stone suggestive of headstones, sometimes (but not always) with written inscriptions (see Appendix B: Plates 15 and 16).

• Rectangular soil stains (likely to be faint) with general dimensions suggestive of a grave shaft (on average ranging between 5.0 and 7.0 feet long and 1.5 to 3.5 feet wide) (see Appendix B:

Plate 17).

This document will be provided to the Contractor and construction staff, the SEPTA Project Manager, SEPTA’s Engineer, the PA SHPO, the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas, and the Archaeologist prior to commencing ground-disturbing activities to inform project coordination and protocols regarding potential archaeological discoveries.

4.0 Procedures for Unanticipated Human Remains Discoveries

In the event human remains and/or grave materials are identified, the following procedures will be followed. SEPTA may wish to proactively contact the Philadelphia Police Department and Medical Examiner’s Office prior to construction commencement to notify both entities of the possib ility of identifying buried archaeological human remains during the proposed project that are associated with a known abandoned cemetery to avoid unnecessary delays and ascertain if either entity requires future consultation.

A. Stop Work

If potential human remains and grave materials are encountered by the Contractor during ground-disturbing activities, the Contractor will immediately stop work within 15 feet of the resource and notify the SEPTA Project Manager and the SEPTA Engineer. Work may not resume in the vicinity of the remains until specifically directed by the SEPTA Project Manager. The Contractor will secure the location and ensure that any discoveries are protected from destruction, looting, and vandalism during stop-work episodes while a determination is made about the discovery. When found, the remains should be covered with a tarp or other temporary covering that will protect but not damage the remains. Soil, rocks, and concrete should not be used to cover human remains. While plywood may be appropriate, care should be taken if plywood is used that it not have direct contact with human remains to prevent breakage/crushing of such remains. The Contractor will secure the area (e.g., with snow fencing) and ensure the protection of the discovery until such a time when officials with legal jurisdiction or the Project Archaeologist can inspect the find and determine a course of action. Under no circumstances will notification be made to the media about the discovery, nor will posts about the discovery be made on social media. Photographs of the remains should only be taken by the Contractor, Project Archaeologist, and necessary SEPTA Project Managers. Photographs will only be shared between the Contractor, Project Archaeologist, necessary SEPTA Project Managers, and the necessary legal entities, if required.

As animal bone is common in areas formerly occupied by former eighteenth- and nineteenth-century residential buildings, it remains possible that recovered animal bone may be found and could be initially confused for human remains. Examination of such remains by an Archaeologist will be necessary. In the interim, no vehicles or equipment will intrude upon the discovery location during this period. Construction may continue in areas not in the vicinity of the human remains and/or grave materials.

SEPTA will provide digital photographs of the potential archaeological resource(s), a map of the location(s), and approximate depth of the human remains and/or grave materials for an initial examination and assessment to the Archaeologist (see Section E) prior to submission to FTA.

B. Human Remains/Graves

If articulated or disarticulated human remains or evidence of a possible human grave (i.e., grave shaft stain, grave goods, coffin nails and/or wood, coffin hardware, and/or headstones) are determined to be present, they must be treated with the utmost dignity and respect.

Following consultation between the SEPTA Project Manager, the Contractor, and the Archaeologist, the below listed entities will be contacted:

a. Philadelphia Police Department (non-emergency: 311) (if determined necessary)

b. Philadelphia Medical Examiner’s Office (215-685-7458) (if determined necessary)

c. FTA Project Manager (see Section E)

d. PA SHPO Archaeological Reviewer (see Section E)

e. Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas Liaison (see Section E)

If the Philadelphia Medical Examiner’s Office and Philadelphia Police Department determine that consultation with their offices is necessary, both entities will determine whether the discovered remains will be treated as a crime scene or human burial. If the Medical Examiner’s Office and Police Department determine that their involvement is not necessary, recordation and exhumation of the remains and burial goods will follow the September 23, 2022, archaeological monitoring protocol and other court-approved procedures, as appropriate, under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the 1994 Pennsylvania Historic Burial Places Preservation Act.

In the event a human burial is determined to represent a Native American dating from the Contact or pre-Contact periods based on burial position and associated funerary or ceremonial offering materials (such as ceramic or stone pipes, chipped stone tools, beads, unglazed pottery, mica, red ochre staining, or other traditional cultural material), the human remains will be left in place; the SEPTA Project Manager and SEPTA’s Engineer will be notified, who will contact the FTA Project Manager; and FTA will consult with the appropriate Native American Tribes and the PA SHPO to determine an agreed upon course of action. Federally-recognized tribal nations have also requested to be notified by FTA if pre-Contact period Native American artifacts are found irrespective of association with or lack of association with human remains. Therefore, the SEPTA Project Manager, SEPTA’s Engineer, and the FTA Project Manager must be notified if Native American cultural material is identified.

C. Human Remains Treatment

All identified human remains/grave materials will receive treatment following the PA SHPO’s current archaeological field and reporting standards and the standards for treatment of unmarked human remains presented in the Pennsylvania Historical Burial Places Preservation Act of 1994. Indigenous American burial treatment may require adherence to special protocols determined necessary by Native American Tribal Nations.

During construction, all exhumed human remains and grave-related materials will be carefully and respectfully stored in a secured, climate-controlled facility or room provided by SEPTA within the City of Philadelphia.

D. Resumption of Work and Scheduling

The FTA will notify the SEPTA Project Manager when work may resume in areas where human remains/grave materials have been identified following appropriate documentation. The stop work hiatus period at the find location and its 15-foot buffer zone will be dependent on FTA. The SEPTA Project Manager will notify the Contractor when work may resume following approval to resume from FTA and of any required modifications to the project timetable or aspects of the contract resulting from work stoppage associated with the identification of archaeological resources and/or human remains.

E. Points of Contact

The chain of command for Unanticipated Discoveries is presented below:

Construction Manager/Contractor: To be determined

SEPTA’s Engineer: To Be Determined

SEPTA: Leonard Nardone, P.E., Senior Program Manager, (215)-776-6962, LNardone@septa.org, SEPTA, 1234 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107. Secondary SEPTA contacts are Robert Fraynert (215)-964-4600, Rfraynert@septa.org and Robert Tangi (215)-964-4823, Rtangi@septa.org.

U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration (FTA): Catherine Nadals, Environmental Protection Specialist, (215) 656-7257, catherine.nadals@dot.gov, Federal Transit Administration, 1835 Market Street, Suite 1910, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

SEPTA’s Archaeologist: To Be Determined

Philadelphia Police Department: 311 (for non-emergency)

Philadelphia Medical Examiner’s Office: 215-685-7458

Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas, Appointed Liaison. To Be Determined.

PA SHPO, Primary Contact: Justin McKeel, (717) 783-9900 or (717) 783-8946, jusmckeel@pa.gov, State Historic Preservation Office, Commonwealth Keystone Building, Second Floor, 400 North Street, Harrisburg, PA 17120-0093.

5.0 Reporting

At the conclusion of archaeological recordation, the Project Archaeologist will generate a letter report documenting the results of the archaeological monitoring, documentation, and human remains exhumation tasks, following PA SHPO’s reporting standards. SEPTA and the FTA will review and approve the letter report prior to its submission to the PA SHPO and affected consulting parties, including Native American tribes, if applicable. Should SEPTA and the FTA have revisions to the letter report, the Project Archaeologist will address such comments. It may be determined that the letter report will be prepared following the completion of all below-grade construction activities to avoid preparation of interim letter reports.

mailto:LNardone@septa.org mailto:Rfraynert@septa.org mailto:Rtangi@septa.org mailto:catherine.nadals@dot.gov mailto:jusmckeel@pa.gov

APPENDIX A: MAPS

Figure 1: U.S.G.S. map (2016 U.S.G.S. 7.5’ Quadrangle: Philadelphia, PA).

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- Philadelphia & Columbia Railroad (SHPO Opinion: 9/28/2021)

- Pennsylvania Railroad: Main Line (Philadelphia to Harrisburg) (SHPO Opinion: 6/25/2018)

- Philadelphia & Reading Railroad (SHPO Opinion: 9/28/2021)

- West Philadelphia Elevated (High Line)

Figure 2: Aerial image showing the Project location and historic properties within the Project location (NJGIS Digital Orthographic Imagery, 2022).

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Project Section Break Line Section 1

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Figure 3: Key aerial map depicting the Project location, areas of archaeological sensitivity, and locations of Figures 4a through 4c (World Imagery, ESRI 2022).

Figure 4a: Aerial map depicting Sections 1 and 2 of the Project location, the APE (LOD), areas of historic archaeological sensitivity, and location of potential for burials/remains related to the Quaker Blockley

(Upper) Burying Ground/Potters’ Field (World Imagery, ESRI 2022).

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Figure 4b: Aerial map depicting Sections 1 and 2 of the Project location, the APE (LOD), areas of historic archaeological sensitivity, and location of potential for burials/remains related to the Quaker Blockley (Upper) Burying Ground/Potters’ Field

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L E

X P

Y

S C

H U

Y

LK

ILL E

X P Y

HARPE

STILES

M Y

R T

L E

W O

O D

S T

RENO

S C

H U

Y

LK

ILL E

X P Y

FOL

S C

H U

Y L K

ILL E

X P

Y

N E

W K

IR

K

T H

T H

CAMBRIDGE

LUDLOW

POPLAR

N D

T H

OLIVE

PEARL

N A

T R

O N

A

S T

MELON

S H

E D

W

IC

K

CABOT

S L O

A N

LANCASTER

CAMBRIDGE

Feet

Project Location Moderate to High Historic Archaeological Sensitivity (Monitoring Necessary)

Existing Catenary Structure To Be Removed Stormwater Improvements

Proposed Catenary Structures to be Added Proposed Tracks Duct Bank

Slope Stabilization Proposed Modified Electrical Cables Proposed Modified Pullbox

Timber Retaining Wall Replacements Guy Wire Caisson

Area of Potential Effects or Limit of Disturbance Low Archaeological Sensitivity

Drainage Feature

Matchline 4b

Section 2 Section 3

Figure 4c: Aerial map depicting Sections 2 and 3 of the Project location, the APE (LOD), and areas of historic archaeological sensitivity

APPENDIX B: ARTIFACT AND FEATURE EXAMPLES

Plate 1: Intact human skeleton within a grave (Brighton Dome 2017).

Plate 2: Disarticulated human skeleton, showing individual bones that can be found in an archaeological site either separate/isolated or together, in association with a grave or not

(Nature 2019).

Plate 3: Diagram of human teeth (Ungar 2014).

Plate 4: Coffins identified at the First Baptist Church of Philadelphia burial ground during construction on Arch Street

(TCNJ 2021).

Plate 5: Coffin identified at the First Baptist Church of Philadelphia burial ground during construction on Arch Street

(Meier 2017).

Plate 6: Coffin handle recovered from the First Baptist Church of Philadelphia burial ground during construction on Arch Street

(Arch Street Project 2019).

Plate 7: Coffin hardware identified during excavation of the Halsey Street Methodist

Episcopal Church Cemetery in Newark, New Jersey

(Hunter Research, Inc. 2019a).

Plate 8: Shroud pins recovered during excavation of the Halsey Street Methodist Episcopal Church Cemetery in Newark, New Jersey

(Hunter Research, Inc. 2019a).

Plate 9: Buttons recovered from burials at the Halsey Street Methodist Episcopal Church Cemetery in Newark, New Jersey

(Hunter Research, Inc. 2019a).

Plate 10: Leather shoe fragments recovered from excavations at the

Evans Cemetery in Bradshaw, West Virginia

(Emery 2012).

Plate 11: Examples of Pre-Contact projectile point types identified in Pennsylvania (PA Archaeology 2016).

Plate 12: Example of Native American effigy pipes from Pennsylvania (PA Archaeology 2014a).

Plate 13: Carved shell beads recovered from a Contact-Period Native American Burial site near Trenton, New Jersey

(Veit and Bello 2001).

Plate 14: Stone gorgets identified in Pennsylvania (PA Archaeology 2014b).

Plate 15: Headstones identified during archaeological monitoring in Middlesex

County, New Jersey (Richard Grubb & Associates, Inc. 2022).

Plate 16: Broken headstones from a historic cemetery in New Jersey that were removed from their original locations

(Richard Grubb & Associates, Inc. 2022).

Plate 17: Dark staining indicating grave shaft outlines identified during excavation in Newark, New Jersey

(Hunter Research, Inc. 2019b).