Attachment_5_2007_School_Facilities_Design_Handbook.pdf

Bureau of Indian Affairs

Office of Facilities Management and Construction

SCHOOL FACILITIES DESIGN HANDBOOK

March 30, 2007

BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS

SCHOOL FACILITIES DESIGN HANDBOOK

BIA School Facilities Design Handbook TOC-1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

GENERAL ....................................................................................................... 1000-1 USING THE BIA HANDBOOK AND SPACE TEMPLATES ................................. 1010-1 SCHOOL FACILITY DESIGN PHILOSOPHY..................................................... 1020-1 CULTURAL DESIGN PHILOSOPHY ................................................................. 1030-1 CODES, STANDARDS, AND LAWS ................................................................... 1040-1 BIE EDUCATIONAL SPACE CRITERIA HANDBOOK ...................................... 1050-1 ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ 1060-1

2. PRESENTATION OF DATA

GENERAL ....................................................................................................... 2000-1 CONSULTANT SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................. 2010-1 DOCUMENT REVIEW AND COORDINATION................................................... 2020-1 DESIGN ANALYSIS ......................................................................................... 2030-1 DRAWINGS ..................................................................................................... 2040-1 SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................ 2050-1 COST ESTIMATING ........................................................................................ 2060-1

3. LEED GOALS AND GUIDELINES

GENERAL ....................................................................................................... 3000-1 BIA OBJECTIVES AND REQUIREMENTS........................................................ 3010-1 LEED-NC GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEM ........................................... 3020-1 LEED-NC CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS............................................... 3030-1

4. SITE DESIGN

GENERAL ....................................................................................................... 4000-1 CODES, STANDARDS, AND LAWS ................................................................... 4010-1 SITE DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS.................................................... 4020-1 VEHICULAR CIRCULATION ........................................................................... 4030-1 EMERGENCY ACCESS AND CIRCULATION .................................................... 4040-1 SERVICE AREAS............................................................................................. 4050-1 HARDSCAPE AREAS ....................................................................................... 4060-1 PLAY AND RECREATION AREAS.................................................................... 4070-1 FENCING ........................................................................................................ 4080-1 GEOTECHNICAL EVALUATION...................................................................... 4090-1

5. CIVIL

GENERAL ....................................................................................................... 5000-1 CIVIL SELECTION CRITERIA......................................................................... 5010-1 CODES, STANDARDS, AND LAWS ................................................................... 5020-1 SITE DESIGN AND EARTHWORK.................................................................... 5030-1

Table of Contents

TOC-2 BIA School Facilities Design Handbook March 30, 2007

EROSION CONTROL ....................................................................................... 5040-1 UTILITY INFRASTRUCTURE........................................................................... 5050-1 WATER SYSTEMS........................................................................................... 5060-1 WASTEWATER SYSTEMS ............................................................................... 5070-1 STORM DRAINAGE......................................................................................... 5080-1 ROADS............................................................................................................ 5090-1 PAVING........................................................................................................... 5100-1

6. LANDSCAPE DESIGN

GENERAL ....................................................................................................... 6000-1 LANDSCAPE MATERIALS SELECTION CRITERIA.......................................... 6010-1 CODES, STANDARDS, AND LAWS ................................................................... 6020-1 LANDSCAPE AREAS ....................................................................................... 6030-1 WATER CONSERVATION AND IRRIGATION................................................... 6040-1 SOIL, SOIL AMENDMENTS, AND MULCH....................................................... 6050-1

INTEGRATED WEED, DISEASE, AND PEST MANAGEMENT ........................... 6060-1

7. ARCHITECTURAL

GENERAL ....................................................................................................... 7000-1 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS SELECTION CRITERIA...................................... 7010-1 CODES, STANDARDS, AND LAWS ................................................................... 7020-1 MOVEABLE AND FIXED FURNITURE/EQUIPMENT ........................................ 7030-1 ACOUSTICS .................................................................................................... 7040-1 EXTERIOR WALL SYSTEMS........................................................................... 7050-1 ROOFING SYSTEMS........................................................................................ 7060-1 INTERIOR PARTITIONS .................................................................................. 7070-1 ROOF DRAINAGE ........................................................................................... 7080-1 THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION...................................................... 7090-1 GLAZING SYSTEMS........................................................................................ 7100-1 DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES .......................................................................... 7110-1 DOOR SYSTEMS ............................................................................................. 7120-1 SIGNAGE SYSTEMS ........................................................................................ 7130-1 TRAINING....................................................................................................... 7140-1

8. INTERIORS

GENERAL ....................................................................................................... 8000-1 INTERIOR FINISH SYSTEMS SELECTION CRITERIA...................................... 8010-1 CODES, STANDARDS, AND LAWS ................................................................... 8020-1 FINISHES ........................................................................................................ 8030-1 PUBLIC CORRIDORS ...................................................................................... 8040-1

9. STRUCTURAL

GENERAL ....................................................................................................... 9000-1 STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS SELECTION CRITERIA ............................................ 9010-1 CODES, STANDARDS, AND LAWS ................................................................... 9020-1 STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONSIDERATIONS ................................................... 9030-1

BIA School Facilities Design Handbook TOC-3 March 30, 2007

FLOOR SYSTEMS............................................................................................ 9040-1 ROOF FRAMING SYSTEMS............................................................................. 9050-1 LATERAL LOAD RESISTING SYSTEMS .......................................................... 9060-1 VERTICAL ELEMENTS ................................................................................... 9070-1 STRUCTURAL WALLS .................................................................................... 9080-1 APPURTENANCES ........................................................................................... 9090-1

10. MECHANICAL

GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 10000-1 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS SELECTION CRITERIA ......................................... 10010-1 CODES, STANDARDS, AND LAWS ................................................................. 10020-1

HEATING, VENTILATION, AND AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS................... 10030-1

TEMPERATURE CONTROL AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM............. 10040-1

PLUMBING.................................................................................................... 10050-1 TRAINING..................................................................................................... 10060-1

11. ELECTRICAL

GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 11000-1 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS SELECTION CRITERIA ........................................... 11010-1 CODES, STANDARDS, AND LAWS ................................................................. 11020-1 EXTERIOR UTILITIES .................................................................................. 11030-1 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DESIGN .................................................................... 11040-1 GROUNDING SYSTEM................................................................................... 11050-1 INTERIOR LIGHTING SYSTEMS ................................................................... 11060-1 EXTERIOR LIGHTING SYSTEMS .................................................................. 11070-1 LIGHTING CONTROLS ................................................................................. 11080-1 SPECIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ................................................................. 11090-1 FIRE ALARM SYSTEM.................................................................................. 11100-1 EMERGENCY AND STANDBY POWER SYSTEMS........................................... 11110-1 LIGHTNING PROTECTION............................................................................ 11120-1 COMMISSIONING ......................................................................................... 11130-1 TRAINING..................................................................................................... 11140-1 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS............................................... 11150-1 ELECTRICAL STANDARD DETAILS.............................................................. 11160-1

12. FIRE PROTECTION

GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 12000-1 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS SELECTION CRITERIA.................................. 12010-1 CODES, STANDARDS, AND LAWS ................................................................. 12020-1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS............................................................................. 12030-1 FIRE PROTECTION EXHIBITS AND DETAILS ............................................... 12040-1

13. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 13000-1 IT SYSTEMS SELECTION CRITERIA ............................................................ 13010-1 CODES, STANDARDS, AND LAWS ................................................................. 13020-1

TOC-4 BIA School Facilities Design Handbook March 30, 2007

COMMUNICATIONS ROOMS AND SPACES.................................................... 13030-1 COMMUNICATIONS CABLING...................................................................... 13040-1 COMMUNICATIONS PATHWAYS .................................................................. 13050-1 COMMUNICATIONS GROUNDING AND BONDING ........................................ 13060-1 OUTSIDE CONNECTIVITY ............................................................................ 13070-1 SECURITY..................................................................................................... 13080-1 ROOM TECHNOLOGY .................................................................................. 13090-1 DATA NETWORK.......................................................................................... 13100-1 TELEPHONE/INTERCOM .............................................................................. 13110-1 PUBLIC ADDRESS/BELL............................................................................... 13120-1 CLOCK SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 13130-1 RADIO SYSTEM ............................................................................................ 13140-1 TRAINING..................................................................................................... 13150-1

14. KITCHEN DESIGN

GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 14000-1 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS........................................................................... 14010-1 CODES, STANDARDS, AND LAWS ................................................................. 14020-1 WORK FLOW ............................................................................................... 14030-1 SQUARE FOOTAGE REQUIREMENTS ........................................................... 14040-1 EXAMPLE KITCHEN LAYOUT PLANS .......................................................... 14050-1 AREA REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................ 14060-1 FABRICATION OF METALWORK.................................................................. 14070-1

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INFORMATION General

BIA School Facilities Design Handbook 1000-1 March 30, 2007

1000-1. Introduction

1.1. To ensure that Native American children are afforded a modern educational environment that is in keeping with national standards, safe, functional, flexible for changing needs, and culturally adaptive, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Office of Facilities Management and Construction (OFMC) has developed the BIA School Facilities Design Handbook. In this handbook, standardized procedures for design, drawings, specifications, design analysis, cost estimates, and related support tasks for new BIA school facilities are provided.

1.2. As a companion to the BIA School Facilities Design Handbook, OFMC has also created the BIA School Facilities Space Templates. This volume contains the diagrammatic information necessary to develop the functional floor plans of BIA educational facilities using approved components, and provides specific programmatic criteria for each space.

1000-2. Program Goals

2.1. The BIA’s primary goals for the handbook and space templates include the following:

• Design of facilities that reflect the importance of cultural expression

• Equality of educational environment among BIA schools throughout the United States

• Sustainable design, through incorporation of the U.S. Green Building Council’s LEED program, with the requirement of LEED Silver certification for all projects

• Standardization of individual spaces and their programmatic requirements without dictating building aesthetics

1000-3. Program Overview

3.1. The BIA is responsible for providing facilities to support educational programs for eligible Indian School Equalization Program (ISEP) students. Its central, stated goal is to provide a high-quality educational environment for Native American children from kindergarten through high school.

3.2. In order to meet this goal in a cost-efficient manner, and to ensure equality among all its new educational facilities, the BIA seeks to standardize the design and construction of its schools while still allowing for individual needs and cultural expression. Following are the specific standardization goals of the BIA, and the ways they have been addressed in this handbook and the space templates:

3.2.1. The Design Process. To ensure a consistent design process from project to project, the procedures to be followed by the design team during the design phase of BIA school facilities are carefully spelled out. These guidelines include project submittal requirements, required drawing information, and the required format for specifications.

General CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INFORMATION

1000-2 BIA School Facilities Design Handbook March 30, 2007

3.2.2. Programmatic Areas. Standardized layouts of individual programmatic areas, seen in the space templates, are provided to control design costs and ensure consistency without unduly limiting the design team’s creativity in the overall layout and design of the school. Relationship diagrams are provided to indicate the overall organization of the school and of the areas within it.

3.2.3. Construction Methods and Building Systems. The design team can choose from a variety of construction methods and building systems, appropriate to different regions of the country, that have received prior BIA approval. Standardization of building systems and construction options controls costs and enables the BIA to optimize maintenance procedures and requirements and the training of facilities maintenance personnel.

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INFORMATION Using the BIA Handbook and Space Templates

BIA School Facilities Design Handbook 1010-1 March 30, 2007

1010-1. General

1.1. To make best use of the handbook and space templates, all team members should first review both volumes and be sure they understand not only the general information and the sections related to their particular design discipline, but also how the disciplines interrelate. To ensure a successful project, and to achieve the LEED goals required by the BIA and specified in this handbook, the various Designers of Record must coordinate their efforts and develop project strategies as a team.

1010-2. Scope and Applicability of the Design Handbook and Space Templates

2.1. The School Facilities Design Handbook and the School Facilities Space

Templates are to be used in the design of all new educational facilities funded by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, to include projects with tribes and tribal organizations.

1010-3. Codes, Standards, and Laws

3.1. The codes, standards, and laws identified in this handbook must be followed as they apply to individual projects. Alternative codes and standards may not be substituted without special approval from the OFMC. Such approval must be requested and received in writing.

1010-4. Conflicts, Questions, and Appeals

4.1. Where conflicts or questions arise pertaining to information presented in this handbook or in the space templates, the Designer of Record is to notify the BIA Contracting Officer in writing. The BIA Contracting Officer will review questions and forward decisions to the Designer of Record.

1010-5. Design Process

5.1. This handbook provides a general process for building and site design. The companion volume provides templates for building organization based on different grade level school models and dormitory models. These spatial relationship diagrams are meant to illustrate some ways that schools and dormitories can be organized but are by no means all-inclusive.

5.2. In general, design teams are required to adhere to the layouts shown in the space templates. Alternative room arrangements may be used where necessary because of building geometry; however, such deviations should be limited.

1010-6. Building and Site Systems Selection Process

6.1. In many cases, several building systems are provided from which the design team can select. In choosing building systems, design teams must analyze the systems relative to the specific parameters of the project, including location, availability of materials, costs, etc. If options are not provided, the design team shall utilize the system described. Should building systems be required that are not discussed in this handbook, the design team should coordinate with the BIA concerning recommendations and selections.

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CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INFORMATION School Facility Design Philosophy

BIA School Facilities Design Handbook 1020-1 March 30, 2007

1020-1. School Facility Design Philosophy

1.1. Because the needs of each school population may be different, and different schools may have different educational philosophies, these guidelines for future BIA schools allow for flexibility within a framework. This handbook establishes layouts and systems that can be used as needed to ensure a high-level educational, living, and working environment.

1.2. The arrangement of the spaces, based on both philosophy and cultural expression, is left up to the design team.

1.3. To meet the stated goal of the BIA to provide high-quality educational and living environments in its schools, the design handbook and space templates specify quality building materials, building systems, and physical environments.

The focus on LEED goals and sustainable design supports the overall goal of building and operating high-performance buildings.

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INFORMATION Cultural Design Philosophy

BIA School Facilities Design Handbook 1030-1 March 30, 2007

1030-1. Cultural Design Philosophy

1.1. The BIA considers it vital to integrate cultural expression into their school facilities. The following are examples of ways that may be done:

1.1.1. Architectural Design

• Develop a cultural focal point for the community. In the school this may include a cultural classroom, media center, cafeteria, or other gathering area. In the dormitories, this may include the living room, study rooms, activity room, etc.

• Arrange the facility on the site in a way that is respectful of tribal values. This may include arranging buildings according to the four compass positions and with regard to existing site features and the surrounding landscape.

• Select exterior and interior building materials with awareness of the colors and patterns that reflect tribal values, traditions, storytelling, or traditional arts and crafts.

• Use natural daylighting strategies to ensure a strong connection between earth and sky.

• Include areas for the display of artwork throughout the facility.

• Arrange classrooms to allow for many ways of teaching children, including traditional tribal teaching methods.

• Incorporate sustainable design strategies that acknowledge the value indigenous peoples place on their environment.

1.1.2. Landscape Design

• Provide for outdoor learning environments.

• Incorporate traditional outdoor spaces.

• Incorporate sustainable landscape design strategies that are in harmony with the existing natural environment.

1.1.3. Civil Design

• Integrate the site and building design with existing topography and landforms.

• Leave existing land undisturbed as much as possible and place construction on previously disturbed land.

1.1.4. Structural Design

• Follow sustainable design principles.

Cultural Design Philosophy CHAPTER 1: GENERAL

1030-2 BIA School Facilities Design Handbook March 30, 2007

1.1.5. Mechanical Design

• Follow sustainable design principles.

1.1.6. Electrical Design

• Reduce dependence on artificial illumination by incorporating natural daylighting throughout.

• Follow sustainable design principles.

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INFORMATION Codes, Standards, and Laws

BIA School Facilities Design Handbook 1040-1 March 30, 2007

1040-1. General

1.1. The codes, standards, and laws listed in this section are those used nationwide by the BIA for its educational facilities. All BIA school facilities and related structures shall conform to the current versions of the codes and standards that appear in this section.

1.2. Where two codes, standards, or laws are applicable to the topic under review, use the more conservative or more stringent. Consult with the BIA Office of Facilities Management and Construction (OFMC) to resolve any questions or conflicts regarding application of codes and standards.

1.3. The BIA’s Division of Safety and Risk Management (DSRM) shall have document review authority for compliance with all applicable codes, standards, and laws.

1.4. The DSRM or its authorized representative is to inspect the facility after construction to verify that it meets applicable codes and standards.

1040-2. Applicable Codes and Standards

2.1. Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) Compliance. All operations, new construction, major alterations and improvements, minor remodeling, and workplace sites shall comply with all Occupational Safety and Health Standards issued under Section 6 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, as well as amended or alternative standards issued pursuant to that section.

2.2. Fire and Fire Safety. All new construction, major alterations and improvements, and minor remodeling shall be classified according to occupancy and/or use and shall conform to the National Fire Code and the BIA’s 25 IAM Indian Affairs Manual – Safety and Occupational Health Program. All BIA-owned buildings, regardless of occupancy, that exceed 2,000 square feet in gross floor area shall be provided with automatic sprinkler protection in accordance with National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 13 Ordinary Hazard classification.

2.3. Accommodations for People with Disabilities. All new construction, major alterations, and improvements shall be in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAABAAG). Additionally, Section 504, Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended in 1978, and USCA Title 29 § 794, “Nondiscrimination under Federal Grants and Programs” establish that individuals with disabilities shall not be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.

2.3.1. ADAABAAG has separate Americans with Disability Act (ADA) and Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) application, administration, and scoping requirements. These are found in the respective ADA and ABA Chapters 1

Codes, Standards, and Laws CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INFORMATION

1040-2 BIA School Facilities Design Handbook March 30, 2007 and 2. Technical Chapters 3–10 apply to both ADA and ABA, as referenced from their respective scoping chapters.

2.3.2. The General Services Administration (GSA) has adopted ABA Chapters 1, 2, and the ADAABAAG Chapters 3–10 technical requirements referenced by Chapter 2. These form the Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Standard (ABAAS), which must be followed by all bureaus in the Department of the Interior, including the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Bureau of Indian Education.

2.3.3. By U.S. Code: Title 25, 2005, the Americans with Disabilities Act applies to all schools, dormitories, and other Indian education-related facilities operated by the Bureau, or under contract or grant with the Bureau.

ADAABAAG Chapters 3–10 technical requirements, as referenced by ADA scoping Chapter 2, are to be applied.

2.3.4. Note: There are minor differences between the ADA and ABA requirements. For example, ABAAS scoping section F206.1 does not allow exemptions to reduce employee work area clearances and routes with essential equipment or to eliminate handrails in work areas, as does ADA 206.1. Where conflicts occur between ABA and ADA scoping requirements, the more strict requirements shall apply.

2.3.5. Dining surfaces, work surfaces and play areas for children’s use (ages 3–

12) must meet ADAABAAG scoping and technical requirements. When children are primary users, USCA Title 29 § 794 promulgates ADAABAAG technical children anthropometrics to be applied to drinking fountains, water closets and toilet compartments, lavatories and sinks, and work surfaces, as well as elements that must be reached and/or operated, for example shower controls, elevator controls, dispensers, coat hooks, marker boards, etc. Water closet and reach ranges are subdivided into different children age groupings. ADAABAAG adult anthropometrics apply to students older than 12 years.

2.3.5.1. Precise ages of children using spaces and rooms shall be clearly identified within designs and review submittals. Use by students not classified as “children” shall be identified by “older than 12 years.”

Also, any elements and fixtures not to be used by students, regardless of age, shall be identified. Otherwise, an appropriate number of fully accessible elements for children and/or older students shall be provided in the design.

2.3.6. When storage rooms are provided in an accessible room or space, at least one shall be arranged with wheelchair maneuvering clearances at both sides of the entry door, with wheelchair turning space within and, when elements such as closets, cabinets, shelves, clothes rods, hooks, and drawers are provided, at least one of each type shall comply with ADAABAAG reach range, clear floor space, and accessible hardware requirements.

BIA School Facilities Design Handbook 1040-3 March 30, 2007

2.3.7. ADAABAAG 603.2.3 door swing exception No. 1, which allows a toilet room door to swing into the clear floor space or clearance required for any toilet room fixture, when the toilet room is accessed through a private office, SHALL NOT BE PERMITTED in new construction. All new toilet rooms, whether or not constructed fully accessible, shall be sized with wheelchair maneuvering clearances at both sides of the entry door, with wheelchair turning space within the toilet room, with the door not swinging into fixture space, and shall be arranged so future alterations, such as door swing reversal, will not need consideration.

2.3.8. Five percent, but no fewer than one, of residential dwelling units, i.e., dormitory and apartment sleeping rooms, shall be arranged, as applicable, with adult or children’s accessibility features, i.e., not all inclusive, accessible routes, moveable and fixed furniture and equipment, electrical switch and receptacle reach ranges, toilet and bathing facilities, and fire alarm visible strobe notification.

2.4. Building Safety Code. All buildings, structures, and facilities shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the provisions of the current edition of NFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code.

2.4.1. Gymnasium Occupant Load for Egress. Calculate gymnasium occupant load using the appropriate occupant load factor for the highest probable occupant load. The occupant load factor shall be calculated at 1 person per 7 square feet of floor area with the bleachers retracted (concentrated use load), and shall also be calculated with the bleachers extended, allowing 18 lineal inches per occupant of bleacher seating and 7 square feet per occupant for the remainder of the gymnasium floor not covered by the extended bleacher seating. Means of egress and its components shall be designed in accordance with the National Fire Codes.

2.5. Boiler/Pressure Vessels. The fabrication and installation of all new boiler and unfired pressure vessels shall conform to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and shall be marked with appropriate ASME code symbols. The repair, alterations, or re-rating of all existing units shall conform to the National Board Inspection Code and shall be marked with appropriate code symbols. In each situation, the final product shall be inspected by an inspector holding a Certificate of Competency issued by an agency duly authorized by the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors.

2.6. Elevators. All passenger and freight elevators, dumbwaiters, escalators, or moving sidewalks shall conform to ANSI/ASME A17.1 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators.

2.7. Piping. Boiler/pressure vessel external piping and piping installations shall conform to ANSI/ASME B31.1 Power Piping, and ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section I – Power Boilers; Section IV – Heating Boilers; and Section VIII – Pressure Vessels – Division I. Other fuel piping, steam and water

1040-4 BIA School Facilities Design Handbook March 30, 2007 piping, air piping, and their respective installations shall conform to applicable sections of the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) and the Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC).

2.8. Mechanical Systems

2.8.1. Liquefied Petroleum Gas. Liquefied petroleum gas heating systems and distribution facilities shall conform to NFPA 58 Standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases and NFPA 86 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces.

2.8.2. Natural Gas. Natural gas systems shall comply with NFPA 54 National Fuel Gas Code and NFPA 86.

2.8.3. Oil. Oil-burning system installations shall conform to NFPA 31 Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment and NFPA 86.

2.8.4. Electrical. Electrical heating and cooling systems shall be installed in accordance with the National Electrical Code (NFPA 70). Specific equipment shall be Underwriters Laboratory (UL) listed or labeled.

2.8.5. Solar. Solar installations shall be installed in accordance with the Uniform Solar Energy Code and with American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standards.

2.8.6. Cooling and Ventilation. Cooling and ventilation systems shall conform to the Uniform Mechanical Code and NFPA 90A Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems.

2.9. Electrical Power Transmission. Electrical power transmission, distribution, and installation shall comply with the National Electrical Code and the National Electrical Safety Code.

2.10. Environmental Quality

2.10.1. Food Service. All new construction, major alterations and improvements, minor remodeling, and operation of food service facilities shall conform to the guidelines set forth in the latest edition of the Public Health Service (PHS) Food Service Sanitation Manual.

2.10.2. Sanitation Facilities. All new construction, major alterations and improvements, and minor remodeling of sanitation facilities shall conform to the following guidelines:

2.10.2.1. Liquid Waste. Applicable parts of 40 CFR, Protection of Environment, and 29 CFR 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHA).

2.10.2.2. Solid Waste. Applicable parts of 40 CFR.

2.10.3. Water Facilities. All new construction, major alterations and improvements, and minor remodeling of domestic water facilities shall conform to 40 CFR and 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA).

BIA School Facilities Design Handbook 1040-5 March 30, 2007

2.10.4. Illuminations. All new construction, major alterations and improvements, and minor remodeling shall provide facilities that conform to the Illuminating Engineering Society’s Standards and Regulations on Illumination, which include 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA).

2.10.5. Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC). All new construction, major alterations and improvements, and minor remodeling of facilities shall conform to the minimum requirements given in the Uniform Mechanical Code, NFPA 90B Standard for the Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Systems, and ASHRAE standards.

2.10.6. Pest, Vector, and Vermin Control. All new construction, major alterations and improvements, and minor remodeling shall provide facilities that conform to regulations on pest, vector, and vermin control included in 40 CFR, Parts 162, 163, 165, 170, and the provisions outlined in the PHS Food Service Sanitation Manual and Institutional Sanitation Guidelines.

2.11. Plumbing. All plumbing installations, equipment, and fixtures shall comply with the Uniform Plumbing Code.

2.11.1. Plumbing Fixtures for Code Compliance. The Uniform Plumbing Code specifies the minimum fixture requirements for water closets, urinals, drinking fountains, and lavatories. The number of fixtures required is determined using the occupant load of the building based upon minimum exiting requirements. Exiting requirements are found in NFPA 5000 Life Safety Code.

2.11.2. In NFPA 5000, ancillary spaces can be deducted when calculating certain requirements. Since one person (student or staff) cannot occupy two spaces simultaneously, it is understood that the square footage of ancillary spaces will not be counted when applying the provisions of the Uniform Plumbing Code.

2.11.3. Ancillary spaces in schools consist of the following, or similar, types of spaces:

• Agricultural/economic development classrooms

• Art, fine arts, or practical arts classrooms

• Band rooms

• Business classrooms

• Computer labs

• Computer-aided design classrooms

• Cultural classrooms

• Dining (cafeteria) rooms

1040-6 BIA School Facilities Design Handbook March 30, 2007

• Driver’s education classrooms

• Exceptional child classrooms

• Gifted and talented student classrooms

• Industrial arts, electrical, wood, metal, or automotive shops

• Language laboratories, including tribal language classrooms

• Library/media center

• Music or choral classrooms

• Occupational therapy/physical therapy (OT/PT) rooms

• Science laboratories, including biology, chemistry, physics, general science, and earth science

• Special education resource rooms

• Special programs classrooms

• Speech therapy rooms

• Student testing laboratories or rooms

2.11.4. Ancillary spaces in dormitories consist of the following, or similar, types of spaces:

• Counseling rooms

• Isolation health care sleeping rooms

• Practical arts rooms

• Student activity rooms

• Student living rooms

• Study rooms

2.11.5. In gymnasiums, the occupancy load, for purposes of determining plumbing fixture requirements, will be calculated at 15 net square feet per person plus bleacher seating capacity, including wheelchair spaces.

2.11.6. When calculating staff occupancy loads in classrooms, assume a teacher and an aid (two staff members) in each classroom.

2.12. Pipelines. Pipelines used to transport hazardous material, including natural and other gas and liquids, shall be designed, constructed, operated, maintained, tested, and repaired as required by 49 CFR, Transportation, Subchapter C, Hazardous Materials Regulations, Parts 172 and 173; and Subchapter D, Pipeline Safety, Parts 190, 191, 192, and 195.

BIA School Facilities Design Handbook 1040-7 March 30, 2007

1040-3. Unified Facilities Criteria

3.1. For information on unique conditions not covered in this handbook, the

Designer of Record shall consult the Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC).

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INFORMATION BIE Educational Space Criteria Handbook

BIA School Facilities Design Handbook 1050-1 March 30, 2007

1050-1. Introduction

1.1. The Bureau of Indian Affairs is responsible for providing facilities to support educational programs for eligible Indian School Equalization Program (ISEP) students. The Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) develops educational space criteria and the Program of Requirements (POR) for each BIA school facility.

1.2. To ensure a quality educational environment for all students, the BIE seeks to create a standard method of evaluating space planning for all BIA schools.

Their overall goal is to incorporate core instructional requirements with functional space needs, and to develop space standards for those needs that use existing national and state guidance.

1.3. The spaces identified in the Educational Space Criteria Handbook have been developed in the BIA School Facilities Space Templates and illustrate their spatial layout and programmatic needs in terms of architectural, interior design, structural, HVAC, electrical, communications, fire protection, and signage

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INFORMATION Abbreviations

BIA School Facilities Design Handbook 1060-1 March 30, 2007

1060-1. Abbreviations

1.1. The following abbreviations for names and terms are used in this handbook.

AAMA American Architectural Manufacturers Association

AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

ABA Architectural Barriers Act

ABAAS Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Standard

ACI American Concrete Institute

ADA Americans with Disabilities Act

ADAABAAG Americans with Disabilities Act and Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines

AFF above finished floor

AGA American Gas Association

AHU air handling unit

AIC amps interrupting capacity

AISC American Institute of Steel Construction

AISI American Iron and Steel Institute

ANLA American Nursery & Landscape Association (formerly the American Association of Nurserymen [AAN])

ANLA American Standard for Nursery Stock (by the American Nursery & Landscape Association

ANSI American National Standards Institute

ARI Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute

ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers

ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASSE American Society of Sanitary Engineering

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

ATC Applied Technology Council

Abbreviations CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INFORMATION

1060-2 BIA School Facilities Design Handbook March 30, 2007

ATS automatic transfer switch

A/V audiovisual

AWI Architectural Woodwork Institute

AWS American Welding Society

AWWA American Water Works Association

BHMA Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association

BIA Bureau of Indian Affairs

BIE Bureau of Indian Education

BMP best management practice

BOD5 biochemical oxygen demand (5-day)

BMS building management system

CADD Computer-Aided Design and Drafting

CFC chlorofluorocarbon

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CGA Compressed Gas Association

CMU concrete masonry unit

CPSC U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission

CRI color rendering index

CSI Construction Specifications Institute

CT current transformer

DCV demand-controlled ventilation

DDC direct digital control

DHW domestic hot water

DIP ductile iron pipe

DSRM Division of Safety and Risk Management

DL distance learning

DOE U.S. Department of Energy

DX direct expansion

EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory

BIA School Facilities Design Handbook 1060-3 March 30, 2007

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

EPROM erasable programmable read-only memory

ESC erosion and sedimentation control

ETS environmental tobacco smoke

FACP fire alarm control panel

FCC Federal Communications Commission

FDC fire department connection

FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency

FHWA Federal Highway Administration

FIRM Flood Insurance Rate Map

FM Factory Mutual

FPE fire protection engineer

FSC Forest Stewardship Council

FSTC field sound transmission class

GFCI ground fault circuit interrupter

HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbon

H-O-A hand-off-auto

HVAC heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning

IAM Indian Affairs Manual

IAMPO International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials

IAQ indoor air quality

ICEA Insulated Cable Engineers Association

IDF intensity-duration-frequency

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IESNA Illuminating Engineering Society of North America

IGSHPA International Ground Source Heat Pump Association

IIC impact insulation class

IMC International Mechanical Code

IP Internet Protocol

1060-4 BIA School Facilities Design Handbook March 30, 2007

IPM integrated pest management

IPMVP International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol

ISEP Indian School Equalization Program

IT information technology

KEE ketone ethylene ester

LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

LEED AP LEED Accredited Professional

LEED-NC Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design New Construction program

LPG liquefied petroleum gas

LPI Lightning Protection Institute

LTAR long-term acceptance rate

M&V measurement and verification

MBMA Metal Building Manufacturers Association

MCC motor control center

MDP main distribution panel

MERV Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value

MIC microbiologically influenced corrosion

MSE mechanically stabilized earth

NC noise criterion

NEBB National Environmental Balancing Bureau

NEC National Electrical Code

NECA National Electrical Contractors Association

NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association

NETA InterNational Electrical Testing Association

NFC National Fire Code

NFPA National Fire Protection Association

NGRS National Geodetic Reference System

NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology

BIA School Facilities Design Handbook 1060-5 March 30, 2007

NOAA National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration

NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

NPSH net positive suction head

NPSI National Playground Safety Institute

NPT National Pipe Thread

NRC noise reduction coefficient

NSF National Sanitation Foundation

NSFPE National Society of Fire Protection Engineers

O&M operations and maintenance

OFMC Office of Facilities Management and Construction

OIEP Office of Indian Education Programs

OSB oriented-strand board

OSHA Occupational Safety & Health Administration

OSP outside plant

PA public address

PCB polychlorinated biphenyl

PE professional engineer

PHS U.S. Public Health Service

PoE Power over Ethernet

POR Program of Requirements

PTZ pan-tilt-zoom

PVC polyvinyl chloride

QRAS quick-response automatic sprinkler

RAM random-access memory

RCDD registered communications distribution designer

RCP reinforced concrete pipe

RSES Refrigeration Service Engineers Society

SDI Steel Door Institute

SMACNA Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ National Association

1060-6 BIA School Facilities Design Handbook March 30, 2007

SRI solar reflectance index

SSPC Society for Protective Coatings

STC sound transmission class

SWMP storm water management plan

SWPPP storm water pollution prevention plan

TERO Tribal Employment Rights Office

TGB telecommunications grounding busbar

TLCP Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure

TMGB telecommunications main grounding busbar

TPO thermoplastic polyolefin

TR telecommunications room

TVSS transient voltage surge suppressor

UFC Unified Facilities Criteria

UL Underwriters Laboratories

UMC Uniform Mechanical Code

UPC Uniform Plumbing Code

UPS uninterruptible power supply

USDA United States Department of Agriculture

USDOT United States Department of Transportation (USDOT)

USGBC U.S. Green Building Council

VAV variable air volume

VFD variable frequency drive

VOC volatile organic compound

WDMA Window & Door Manufacturers Association

WPCF Water Pollution Control Federation

WWPA Western Wood Products Association

CHAPTER 2: PRESENTATION OF DATA General

BIA School Facilities Design Handbook 2000-1 March 30, 2007

2000-1. Introduction

1.1. The BIA School Facilities Design Handbook establishes guidelines for design services and product deliverables. Following these guidelines will result in nationally uniform and predictable drawings sets, specifications, design materials, and services. Such consistency will greatly aid the review, approval, and coordination processes.

1.2. Unless specifically noted in the Statement of Work, all Designers of Record and consultants are to use these guidelines in the preparation of all project documents—drawings, specifications, or any other submittal data.

1.3. Any document prepared for submittal to the BIA must be clear, concise, and legible. All information must be clearly titled and dated. Packages must be properly numbered or indexed to allow for easy content navigation.

CHAPTER 2: PRESENTATION OF DATA Consultant Submittal Requirements

BIA School Facilities Design Handbook 2010-1 March 30, 2007

2010-1. General

1.1. This section outlines the submittal requirements at each design stage and the responsibilities of the Designer of Record during each phase. Submittals are required at 20 percent completion (schematic design), 40 percent completion (design development), 70 percent completion (preliminary construction documents), 99 percent completion (completed construction documents), and 100 percent completion (final construction documents). Drawings in every submittal shall be as discussed in Section 2040, with the exception of design presentation boards. Specifications formatting is discussed in further detail in Section 2050.

1.2. Written Comments. After each review, the Designer of Record will be furnished written comments to be annotated and returned to the BIA. Comments shall be annotated as A=Concur, D=Do Not Concur, or E=Exception.

1.2.1. Comments annotated with D or E shall be explained to justify noncompliance with the comment. Comments annotated with A may also be annotated with additional comments. These annotations will, in addition to explanations previously required, include a brief annotation for all comments concurred with as to what action was taken and where.

1.2.2. The Designer of Record shall furnish all annotated comments to the BIA no later than 14 calendar days after receipt of all comments associated with the particular submittal.

1.2.3. After each submittal, the Designer of Record shall make any corrections necessary. The Designer of Record shall not proceed or initiate any work on any successive design level prior to receipt of approval of the preceding design level.

2010-2. 20 Percent Completion – Schematic Design Submittal

2.1. General. The 20 percent completion schematic design submittal will comprise the documents necessary to illustrate the general scope, scale, arrangement, and relationships of project components. At this stage, the design will be conceptual.

The content of the schematic design package shall include, but not be limited to, the following information:

Consultant Submittal Requirements CHAPTER 2: PRESENTATION OF DATA

2010-2 BIA School Facilities Design Handbook March 30, 2007

20% Submittal Requirements – Schematic Design Phase General

Item No. Submittal Requirement Yes No N/A

1 Update any previous schedule for milestones, submittals, contracting, and construction.

Develop probable costs based on the schematic design information. In the event the project cost estimate exceeds the established budget, the Designer of Record shall make recommendations and notify, in writing, the Contracting Officer for further direction.

Coordinate LEED documentation for 20% schematic…